Global Studies II Inner War EuropeAsia. MAIN LOBBY INNER WAR GERMANY HITLER ITALY MUSSOLINI USSR...
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Transcript of Global Studies II Inner War EuropeAsia. MAIN LOBBY INNER WAR GERMANY HITLER ITALY MUSSOLINI USSR...
The Weimer RepublicThe Weimer Republic• Kaiser abdicated
before end of WWI
• Parliamentary system led by a chancellor (prime minister)
• Bill of rights, women could vote
Struggles of Weimer Struggles of Weimer RepublicRepublic
• Many small political parties
• Hated the Versailles Treaty
• Scapegoats blamed Jews for economic problems
Economic CollapseEconomic Collapse
• Fell behind debt payments
• Went on strike in coal-rich Ruhr Valley
• Printed huge amounts of paper money led to inflation
Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler• Mein Kampf wrote
in prison for treason
• Nationalism, racism, and anti-Semitism
• “Superior race” Aryan race
• Jews were greatest enemies
Rise of HitlerRise of Hitler• Great Depression- unemployment high
• Appealed to lower middle classes
• Promised to end reparations, create jobs, and create an army
• 1933- elected chancellor
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Series1 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939
Series2 6,014,000 3,773,000 2,974,000 2,520,000 1,853,000 1,052,000 302,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Falling unemployment rates under Hitler
Hitler’s 3Hitler’s 3rdrd Reich Reich• System of terror,
repression, and totalitarian rule
• SS troops, Gestapo took away opposition
• Launched public works programs, increased his military
http://snyderstreasures.com/albums/ss/SS_Troops3.sized.jpg
Bugs Bunny Hitler
Hitler’s Social PolicyHitler’s Social Policy• “Hitler youth”
• Women rewarded for having many children
• One single state Protestant Church
• Burned books that they disapproved of
http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/images/pimpf/dp4-38.jpg
Against the JewsAgainst the Jews
• Nuremberg Laws 1935 restrictions on Jews
• Jews couldn’t marry non-Jews
• Couldn’t hold government jobs, teach, or practice law or medicine
• Kristallnacht “night of broken glass”
http://cowo.culham.ac.uk/assemblies/oht_lib/magen_david.jpg
BACK TO HOME PAGE
Nuremberg Laws (1935)
• Proclaimed during the 1935 Nuremburg Rally• Laws severely restricted the freedoms of German Jews• the Jim Crow Laws in the American South= a model for
segregation• Forbade Marriage & Sexual Relations between
Germans & Jews• Stripped Citizenship from German-Jews
USSR-Stalin
Mr. Eberhart/Mr. Walsh
http://incolor.inetnebr.com/legato/Art%20Scans/Mods/PAX/*Concept%20Art*/Misc/Flags/ussr.jpg
Lenin DiesLenin Dies
• 1924- Lenin dies
• Body is preserved
• Put on display in Red Square for over 65 years http://www.archontology.org/images/ussr/lenin.jpg
Policies Effects
The NEP
(Lenin)
Allowed capitalistic policies: -Businesses could reopen for private profit, Peasants could sell surplus crops
-Food and industrial output grew-Standard of living grew
Five Year Plans(Stalin)
-Building heavy industry, improving transportation, and increasing farm output-Command Economy
-Steel, mining, factories, railroads expanded-Standard of living remained low, central planning was weak, low quality goods
Policies Under Stalin Policies Under Stalin --IndustrializationIndustrialization
• must industrialize in order to prevent western imperialism and grow economy
• Quotas – were set for each industry. These forced were workers to produce or face severe punishment
• Rarely could quotas be met. Production figures were often faked
Policies Under StalinPolicies Under StalinAgricultureAgriculture
• Collectives state run or group operated farms
• Peasants forced to give up their land to the state
• State set the prices and controlled all farm supplies
• Quotas were set to force production
Peasants React to Peasants React to CollectivesCollectives
• Peasants killed farm animals, destroyed tools, and burned crops
• Kulaks wealthy peasants who were killed or sent to labor camps by Stalin
• 5-8 million in Ukraine died (hunger) aka- Holdomor
The Great Purge 1936-38The Great Purge 1936-38
• Those who plotted against him
• Failure to meet production quotas
• Secret police 4 million were purged during this time
Totalitarian StateTotalitarian State
• Totalitarian state one-party dictatorship that regulate all aspects of life
• Terror, secret police, censorship, purges – K.G.B
• Atheism official state policy
http://www.amarcord.be/georgia/jpg/stalin001.jpg
How to Spread Obedience?How to Spread Obedience?
• Propaganda radios, loudspeakers, movies, schools spread evils of capitalism
• Newspapers showed all the “improvements” in the communist nation www.flickr.com
Social BenefitsSocial Benefits
• Free education, medical care, day care for children, and inexpensive housing
• Women gained many rights under Stalin
Italy- Benito MussoliniItaly- Benito Mussolini
Global II
http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/c/ch-sg.gif
Post WWI Problems = Rise Post WWI Problems = Rise of Mussoliniof Mussolini
• Italy upset with Treaty of Versailles
• High Unemployment
• High taxes, trade declined
• Failure to obtain Irredenta
http://www.bc-enschede.nl/wenglish/grassroots/evildictators/3tl2/driessen_vdberg/mussolini.gif
Fasces Fasces – the – the glory of glory of Ancient Ancient RomeRome
• Promised to end corruption
• Good speaker
•Black shirts intimidation and terror ousted political opponents
http://home.intekom.com/southafricanhistoryonline/pages/classroom/pages/projects/grade11/lesson6/graphics/Fasces.jpg
Black Shirts call to duty:
•Silence opposition
•Enforce party/Mussolini loyalty
•Intimidate/terrorize
March on Rome March on Rome 19221922
•Demanded gov’t make changes
•King Victor Emmanuel III asked Mussolini to become Prime Minister
http://www.all-sciencefair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/upload/9/9c/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy.jpg
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Il Duce “The Leader”Il Duce “The Leader”
• Rigged elections, censored the press, gave Fascists jobs
• Dictatorship held by terror
• Secret police and propaganda helped the regime
http://illuminations.berkeley.edu/images/Mussolini-poster.jpg
NationalismNationalism• “Believe! Obey!
Fight!”
• Women were given a medal if they had more than 14 children
• Young people were a major part of the Italy’s nationalism
http://comandosupremo.com/catalog/2large.jpg
Economic Control
•Private ownership of property and personal wealth was maintained •Corporations obeyed government directives on what to produce•Needs of the national economy took precedence over personal needs
•Freedom of the Press was abolished
•Newspaper editors were replaced by fascist loyalists
•Contrary opinions were punished
Fascism? Say WhatFascism? Say What• Authoritarian
government that is not communist
• Extreme nationalism
• Loyalty to state, not individual
• Anti-democratic, desires foreign expansion
http://www.arikah.net/encyclopedia/images/thumb/b/bc/180px-Fascist_Italy_flag.png
Fascism Vs. Communism Fascism Vs. Communism (differences)(differences)
Type of government
What they wanted?
Who was their support?
Fascism Nationalist goals•Law and order•Honor, respect•Strong economy
Business leaders, wealthy landowners, and lower middle class
Communism International change
Urban and agricultural workers
In Summation: Fascist aka - In Summation: Fascist aka - Totalitarian Rule (Italy & Totalitarian Rule (Italy & Germany)Germany)
Features of a totalitarian state:1. Single-party dictatorship2. State control of economy –
private ownership3. Secret police/terror4. Strict censorship5. Use of schools and media6. Unquestionable obedience to
leader
Chinese RepublicChinese Republic
• President Sun Yixian
• Rival armies battled for power and peasants suffered
• Japan got territories lost by Germans in China www.europa-universalis.com
Jiang Jieshi Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)(Chiang Kai-shek)
• Replaced Sun in 1925
• Wanted to crush warlords
• Killed the communists on the way to Beijing
• Started a 22 year civil war www.flickr.com
Mao ZedongMao Zedong• Communist
appeal to the masses
• Long March Mao retreated from Kai-shek 1934-35
• 100,000 followers for over 6,000 miles
Another Problem…JapanAnother Problem…Japan
• 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria
• Kai-shek united with Mao
• “Rape of Nanjing” http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Manchuria.png
World War IWorld War I
• 1 Million + served overseas
• Britain promised greater self-government after war
www.flickr.com
Mohandas GandhiMohandas Gandhi
• Named Mahatma “Great Soul”
• Faced racial segregation in S. Africa (lawyer)
• Passive resistance
http://zagrebsummit.yoga-in-daily-life.hr/download/Gandhi1.jpg
NonviolenceNonviolence• Embrace Hindu traditions
• Ahisma nonviolence and power of love
• Civil Disobedience refusal to obey unjust laws
• Rejected the Caste System
www.macalester.edu
Role Model for MassesRole Model for Masses• Dressed in the dhoti
• Boycotts against British goods (textiles)
• Spinning wheel (symbol)
• Fasting
Salt March 1930Salt March 1930• End British monopoly
on salt
• Indians could only buy British made salt
• 240 Mile-march to sea
• Sent to jail
Conflict Between ReligionsConflict Between Religions
• Gained independence in 1947 (interrupted by WWII)
• Muslims feared Hindu majority
• Muslims called for an independent state (Pakistan)
• World-wide Depression will hurt Japan’s ability to acquire raw materials and markets for its industries
• Civilian leaders will be suffer under policies of intimidation, censorship, and assassination
• Military leaders will exert control over the nation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_aZWY2Pm3g&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=it3nIEcpClw