GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT.
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Transcript of GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT.
CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION• HISTORY• ELEMENTS• PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION• MEASURING DISTANCE• GPS MEASUREMENT ERRORS• TECHNIQUES TO IMPROVE ACCURACY• APPLICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
• GIS– It is a computerized information storage
processing and retrieval system that has hardware and software especially designed to cope with geographical referenced spatial data
GIS
• Techniques to input geographical information converting the information to digital form
• Techniques for sorting information in a compact format on computer disk or digital storage media
• Can analyze, make measurements and find optimum sites or routes and a hosts of other tasks
• Can predict outcome of various scenarios, can display data in the form of maps, images etc
GPS HISTORY
• LAUNCH OF SPUTNIK IN 1957• TRANSIT SYSTEM IN 1960• F.O.C (Full Operational Capacity) IN JULY 17
1995• ICO• NAVSTAR• DESIGNED BY U.S DoD• PRECISE LOCATION• ACCURATE TIME
SPACE SEGMENT
24 SATELLITES IN A CONSTELLATION OF 6 ORBITAL PLANES, EACH SATELLITE COMPLETES 1 REVOLUTION IN 12 HOURS
6 ORBITS INCLINED 55 DEGREES FROM THE EQUATOR
4 SATELLITES FOR 3-D POSITIONING
This configuration provides for at least 4 equally spaced satellites within each of the orbital planes
CONTROL SEGMENT
• MONITOR STATIONS
• MASTER CONTROL STATION
• Frequency L1=1575.42 MHz C/A code, L2=1227.60 MHz P code
USER SEGMENT
• CONSISTS OF GPS RECEIVER,ANTENNA AND PROCESSOR
• SPS-STANDARD POSITIONING SERVICE
• PPS-PRECISE POSITIONING SERVICE
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
• TRILATERATION PRINCIPLE– A body cannot occupy 2 positions in space
simultaneously
• 2-D TRILATERATION
• 3-D TRILATERATION
MEASURING DISTANCE
• SATELLITE AND THE RECEIVER GENERATE SAME PSEUDO-RANDOM CODES AT THE SAME TIME
• MEASURING HOW LONG THE SIGNAL TAKES TO REACH US• MULTIPLY THE TRAVEL TIME BY THE SPEED OF LIGHT
APPLICATIONEnvironmental Management
• Data Representation– Vector method – Raster method
• Predict climate changes, outcome of various scenarios
CONCLUSION
• Satellite based navigational aid• Guide by 24 satellites round the globe in 6 orbits• 3D positioning and time• Type of terrain and weather does not effect
positioning• Cheap and precise operating equipment• Inherent error correction mode• A variant of GPS , DGPS has already been
introduced