Gliding Scholarship

Exercise 5

EFFECTS OF CONTROLS 2

CFS Gliding Examiners © 2008

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1. To select the datum attitude and fly in balance and in trim.

2. To operate the airbrakes correctly.

AIMS

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AIRMANSHIP

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AIR EXERCISE

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Further Effect of Rudder

Rudder input…

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…causes yaw

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So this wing moves faster than this wing…

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…and the aircraft rolls

This is the further effect of rudder...

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…and, if not corrected, results in a spiral descent.To recover from a spiral descent:

Use coordinated controls to achieve wings level

Pitch to achieve datum attitude

Use rudder to achieve balanced flight

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Further Effect of Aileron

Aileron input…

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…causes roll

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The aircraft sideThe aircraft sideslips…slips…

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……and the fin causes the aircraft to yaw… and the fin causes the aircraft to yaw…

……towards the lower wingtowards the lower wing

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So the further effect of aileron is So the further effect of aileron is yaw…yaw…

……and, if not corrected, results in a and, if not corrected, results in a spiral descent.spiral descent.

To recover from a spiral descent:

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Use coordinated controls to achieve wings level

Pitch to achieve datum attitude

Use rudder to achieve balanced flight

To recover from a spiral descent:

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Trimming

aircraft flies itself – no need to apply pressure on the control column

you need constant pressure on the control column to maintain the attitude

In trim:

Out of trim:

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When to trim:

How to trim:

SELECT the required attitude

HOLD the attitude – wait for the speed to settle

TRIM

whenever the aircraft is out of trim, usually after a change of speed

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If you need forward pressure on the control column to hold the attitude…

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…move the trim lever forward to trim the aircraft

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Trimming Sequence

Move trimmer to relieve the pressure on the control column

Relax grip on control column. If the attitude changes, reselect it, hold and trim.

First, trim by feel (coarse trimming):

Next, trim by eye (fine trimming):

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Airbrakes

Airbrakes are used to increase the rate of descent…

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Effects of Airbrake

So, when you open the airbrakes:

The lift to reduce, so the rate of descent increases

The drag to increase, so the speed reduces

The nose to pitch down

Opening the airbrakes causes:

A small amount of backpressure is required on the control column to prevent the nose pitching down

Adjust the attitude to maintain the speed

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Effects of Airbrake

…and when you close the airbrakes:Release the back pressure on the control column

Adjust the attitude again to maintain the speed

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Rate of descent does not increase linearly:

Airbrake in

Airbrake half open

Airbrake fully open

0

2

2

4

6

810

104

6

8

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Airbrake Precautions

When using the airbrakes:

Once unlocked, the airbrakes will try and open of their own accord – always keep a firm grip of the lever

Never let go of the airbrake lever when it is unlocked

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THE END

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?Any Questions

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Crown Copyright 2008

No part of this presentation may be reproduced without the permission of the issuing authority.

The views expressed in this presentation do not necessarily reflect the views or policy of the MOD.

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