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GIS-aided for marine conservation planning : Examination committee: Dr. Rajendra Shrestha (chairman)...
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Transcript of GIS-aided for marine conservation planning : Examination committee: Dr. Rajendra Shrestha (chairman)...
GIS-aided for marine conservation planning:
Examination committee: Examination committee: Dr. Rajendra Shrestha Dr. Rajendra Shrestha (chairman)(chairman)Dr. Wenresti Gallardo Dr. Wenresti Gallardo (member)(member)Dr. Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt Dr. Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt (member)(member)Dr. Hakan Berg Dr. Hakan Berg (member)(member)
Mai Ky VinhMai Ky Vinh
Case study in Phu Quoc island, VietnamCase study in Phu Quoc island, Vietnam
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• Introduction
• Study area
• Methodology
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusion & Recommendations
• Literature review
Outline
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• Seagrass • Coral reef • Marine resources• Dugong dugong
• Wetland & important role• Phu Quoc archipelago
Introduction - Background
3
Introduction - Problem statement and Rationale
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Problem statement•PQ Marine ecosystem is PQ Marine ecosystem is degradeddegraded•PopulationPopulation•Fishing activitiesFishing activities•Zoning MPAZoning MPA•Conservation planningConservation planning•GIS databaseGIS database•MPA managementMPA management
Rational of study•PQMPA declaredPQMPA declared•There are many There are many proposed MPAs boundary proposed MPAs boundary •Zoning plan needsZoning plan needs•GIS dataGIS data•New situation MoFi New situation MoFi merged to MARDmerged to MARD
Introduction - ObjectivesObjectives
1: To establish a GIS database for PQ
2: To propose MPA boundary & zoning for PQMPA
3: To suggest the conservation measures
Overall objectiveOverall objective Suggest conservation measure for PQMPA including boundary selecting, zoning, and conservation measure.
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Specific objectivesSpecific objectives
2.1 Wetland, seagrass and coral reefs
2.2 Biodiversity and conservation
2.3 Marine Protected Areas (MPA)
2.4 Land evaluation
2.5 Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS
2.6 Decision, multi-criteria, Analytical Hierarchy Process
2.7 Social analysis
2.8 Institutional analysis and assessment
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Literature reviewLiterature review
Study AREA
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Phu Quoc – from the West
3.1 Selection of the study area3.2 Location of Phu Quoc Island3.3 Topography & geomorphology3.4 Geology and soil3.5 Climatic condition3.6 Hydrology3.7 Marine area around Phu Quoc3.8 Flora and fauna overview3.9 History and culture3.10 Socio-economic condition3.11 Tourism
Conceptual Framework of GIS-added
PQMPA conservation planning
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MethodologyMethodology
DATA ACQUISITION
CONSERVATION PLANNING
DATA AUTOMATION
DATABASE GENERATING
MPA SELECTION
GIS databaseLayers involving potential for marine conservation
Spatial Data Attribute Data
Secondary Data•GIS layers, RS dataReport, dataPolicy and programStakeholderPlanning development
MPA Management Objectives
GIS, RS, Processing, Digitizing & Input
PQMPA Spatial
Stakeholders
Socio-economic
Institutional
Data requirement
Primary DataHardcopy maps, GPSSemi-str. QuestionnaireObservation, SurveyLocal Mapping participationKey informants interviewMapping consultation
Literature review
Problem&objective setting
Site selection
Non-spatial databaseSocioeconomicStakeholder…
Maps, Tables, Figures, Texts
Weighting, scoring Zoning models
Conservation measures MPA selecting & zonning
Weighting Rating Scoring
Seminar, workshop, consultation mapping
• Procedure for selecting and suggesting conservation measure
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GIS/GPS/RS TechniqueLocal participatory mapping Expert consultation Workshop, Intweview the key informants Semi-structured interviews
Maps overlay & calculation techniques
Secondary Data
Primary Data
Criteria for MPA potential
Institutional analysis
MPA selecting/zoning
High potential Review, revise MPA
Stakeholder analysis
Socio-economic aspects
Suggest conservation measure
GIS database Weighting Rating Scoring
MethodologyMethodology
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MethodologyMethodology – – Data collectionData collection
• Local participatory mappingLocal participatory mapping•Fishermen, sea product merchants, Fishermen, sea product merchants, •Got informationGot information•Need to have crosscheckingNeed to have crosschecking
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TOOLS:•Camera •Scanner• Laptop• Color printer• GPS Receiver• Small boat • Motorbike• Compass• Digital camera• Voice recorder
Software
•ENVI 3.5& ERDAS 8.7•Map/info•ArcGIS 9.2 & ARC VIEW 3.3 •Microsoft Excel,• Mapsource
• Data collection• Secondary data
•Topographical maps•Satellite images•Ancillary data
•Primary data•Mapping data, Social data•Interview key informants•Field data (GPS/Field)
MethodologyMethodology Data collection, tools & materialsData collection, tools & materials
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No Mapping Layer Data sources Mapping method ScaleI Base map
1 Administrative Topographical map Scanning, do geometry, digitizing
1: 50,000
2 River, stream Topographical map 1: 50,000
3 Road Topographical map Local Participatory mapping (LPM), expert consultation 1: 50,000
4 Contour Topographical map (LPM), expert consultation 1: 50,000
II Bio-geographical feature
1 Bathymetry Topographical map Spatial analysis 1: 50,000
2 Seabed slope Depth contour Spatial analysis 1: 50,000
3 Marine current Base map Local Participatory mapping (LPM), expert consultation 1: 50,000
4 High productivity area Base map (LPM), expert consultation 1: 50,000
5 Distribution of seagrass NIO, UNEP Digital image processing and field check, diving survey 1: 50,000
6 Distribution of coral reefs NIO, UNEP Digital image processing and field check, diving survey 1: 50,000
7 Global threatened species Local people, KGDoFi, NIO, Local Participatory mapping (LPM), expert consultation 1: 50,000
8 Distribution of marine resource Local people, KGDoFi Local Participatory mapping (LPM), expert consultation 1: 50,000
9 Land use planning inland KG DARD PQNP, sub-FIPI Remote sensing and field check 1: 50,000
III Socio-economic
1 Population KG DoFiPQ DSO
Secondary data, Field workexpert consultation
1: 50,000
2 No. of catching unit KG DoFiCommunes data
Secondary data, Field workexpert consultation
1: 50,000
MethodologyMethodology Data preparationData preparation
• Land evaluation process: applied into marine evaluation / marine conservation planning - multi-criteria analysis
• Remote Sensing – enhancing satellite image
• GIS analysis • Spatial analysis, overlaying
layers, Buffering, DEM, modelling
• Data preparation, GIS database
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MethodologyMethodology Data AnalysisData Analysis
• Scoring by ranking and classifying each criteria into classes
• Weighting by rating
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MethodologyMethodology MPA selectingMPA selecting
ID Criteria/ Methods Layer/ Data source Unit
High potential (3)
Medium potential (2)
Low potential (1)
No potential (0)
1 Biogeographical criteriaLocal participate mappingExpert consultation (EC)
Bathymetry Depth contour
meter 0 to -5 -5 to -10 -10 to -20 -20 to - 100
Seabed slope averageDepth contour
degree 0 to 0.1 0.1 to 1.0 1.0 to 5.0 > 5.0
Marine currentLPM
Logic YesMarine current
No Marine current
High productivity areaLPM
Relative level
High productivity
Low productivity
2 Distribution of seagrassEC,
SeagrassNIO, RS&surveys
Relative important
High cover, species
Medium cover, species
Low cover, species
No seagrass
3 Distribution of coral reefsEC
Coral reefsNIO, RS&surveys
Logic High cover, species
Buffer 200m Buffer 400m No coral reefs
4 Global threatened speciesEC
Rare SpeciesLPM, KG DoFi
Relative abundance
Very abundance No abundance
5 Fishery resourcesEC
Fishery resourcesLPM, KG DoFi
Relative abundance
Very abundance No abundance
6 Land use planning inlandEC, GIS buffering
Inland planningKQ DARD, sub-FIPI
Relative potential
High potential conservation
No potential conservation
7 Socio-economic EC
Relative potential
High potential conservation
No potential conservation
Population density per 1km coastal line
Boats/ 1km
0-200 200-500 500-5000
Fishing boat density Unit 0-15 15-20 20-100
• Final score = ni=1 (weight of factor i) * (score of class)
• Reclassifying, mapping consultation, review and revise MPA – propose MPA selecting and zoning
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MethodologyMethodology MPA conservation planningMPA conservation planning
Socio-economic overview
Stakeholder Analysis
Institutional Analysis
Framework cons. programs
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1. GIS database1. GIS database -Identifying criteria-Identifying criteria
Key informantsWorkshopSeminar
IDCriteriaTheme
Sub-criteriaData source/
mapping method
1 Bio-geographical criteria
Seabed, Sea depth (Bathymetry), Currents, High Productivity Areas
Local participatory mapping; Topo map, Spatial analysis Expert consultation mapping
2 Coral reefs include relative importance in term of marine conservation
KG DoFi; NIO Local knowledge; PQMPA;
3 Seagrass relative importance in term of marine conservationspecies, density and biomass
KG DoFi; NIO; Local knowledge
4 Distribution of threatened species, nesting beaches
Dugong, dolphin, sea turtlerelative importance in term of marine conservation
KG DoFi, NIO, Local participatory mapping,Expert consultation mapping
5 Fishery resources relative abundance in term of marine conservation
KG DoFi, NIO, Local participatory mapping,Expert consultation mapping
6 Terrestrial planning forest and land-use planning FIPI, scientific knowledge
7 Socio-economic criteria
Population density per an unit of coastal length,
Statistical data, GIS analysis
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MPA Selecting/ZoningMPA Selecting/Zoning Identifying MPA goalsIdentifying MPA goals
WorkshopSeminar
ID PQMPA goalsAverage points
for goal
I BIOPHYSICAL goals
1 Sustain and/or protect marine resources 12.50
2 Protect biological diversity 11.75
3 Habitat protection 10.67
II SOCIO-ECONOMIC goals
1 Maintain or enhance food security 7.25
2 Maintain or improve livelihoods 9.00
3 Enhanced environmental awareness and knowledge 17.50
III MANAGEMENT goals
1 Effective management structures and strategies maintained 8.86
2 Effective legal structures and strategies maintained 9.20
3 effective stakeholder participation and representation 7.00
PQMPA Goals & Objectives
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MPA Selecting/ZoningMPA Selecting/Zoning Weighting by VotingWeighting by Voting
ID Name Office C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7
1 Lê Văn Tính KGDoFi 5 30 30 15 10 5 5
2 Phạm Thống Nhất KGDoFi 7 25 25 20 7 10 6
3 Nguyễn Quốc Trường KG Fish P 15 19 19 14 11 5 17
4 Dương Minh Tâm PQ FPMB 15 10 15 20 20 10 10
5 Hồn Văn Phú PQNP 15 15 20 15 10 15 10
6 Nguyễn Văn Thuấn PQ MPA 8 25 20 15 15 8 9
…20 Nguyen Quoc Dung FIPI 5 20 20 5 10 15 25
Standard Error 0.88 1.08 0.93 0.94 0.63 0.97 1.20
Median 10 20 20 15 10 10 12.5
Standard Deviation 3.94 4.84 4.15 4.21 2.82 4.36 5.35
Confidence Level (95.0%) 1.8 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.3 2.0 2.5
Average weight (mean) 9.5 20.0 20.1 15.0 10.8 11.4 13.4
The weight of each criterion is decided by rating or scoring criteria weights by allocating 100 points among criteria
Seminar
Workshop
Priority ranking of criteria
Statistical
Analysis
Weighting for criteria
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•Overlaying Maps of 7 criteria•(Union, Intersect, Identity)•Mapping calculation•Data processing
MPA Selecting/ZoningMPA Selecting/Zoning Map overlay & calculationMap overlay & calculation
No Criteria Weight Note
1 Biogeographical 10 C1
2 Coral reefs 20 C2
3 Seagrass 20 C3
4 Key species 15 C4
5 Fisheries resources 11 C5
6 Inland planning 11 C6
7 Socio-economic 13 C7
Total 100
IMCP = 10* C1 + 20* C2 + 20* C3 + 15* C4 + 11* C5 + 11* C6 +13* C7
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Mappingconsultation
Review, revise MPA
Reclassifying
MPA Selecting/ZoningMPA Selecting/Zoning MPA selectingMPA selectingMC
PotentialTotal Score
Area (ha) %
Low Potential 0-100 24028.3 33.8
Medium Potential
100-200 35029.7 49.3
High Potential
200-300 12010.6 16.9
Total 71068.5 100.0
25
MPA MPA planningplanning LocationLocation
Area Area (ha)(ha) %%
Core zone Core zone –– seagrass seagrass protectionprotection
Coastal Bai Coastal Bai Thom, Bai Thom, Bai Bon Bon 2776.02776.0 16.116.1
RehabilitatioRehabilitation zone n zone –– seagrass seagrass protectionprotection
Bai Thom to Bai Thom to Mui Cay SaoMui Cay Sao 5416.55416.5 31.531.5
Core zone Core zone –– coral coral protectionprotection
Hon Gam Hon Gam Ghi, Hon Ghi, Hon Xuong, Hon Xuong, Hon Vong and Vong and Hon Mong Hon Mong TayTay 760.7760.7 4.44.4
RehabilitatioRehabilitation zone n zone –– coral coral protectionprotection
Hon Thom Hon Thom communecommune 8240.18240.1 47.947.9
TotalTotal 17193.217193.2 100.0100.0
MPA Selecting/ZoningMPA Selecting/Zoning Mapping MPA & statistical areaMapping MPA & statistical area
26
Proposed Cons. PlanningProposed Cons. Planning GenGen
Socio-economic overview(4 commune involving MPA)
Stakeholder Analysis
Institutional Analysis
Framework cons. programs
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Proposed Cons. PlanningProposed Cons. Planning Socio-economic overviewingSocio-economic overviewing
Socio-economic overview(4 commune involving MPA)
• Bai Thom
• An Thoi
• Hon Thom
• Ham Ninh
• Population, labors• Economic condition• Income• Livelihood• Fishing activities
28
Proposed Cons. PlanningProposed Cons. Planning Stakeholder AnalysisStakeholder Analysis
Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholders Impacts
Secondary (MARD) +
FPD +
Kien Giang PPC +
KG DARD, DoFi, DOST, DONRE, FiPD +
Phu Quoc District PPC +
PQMPA Management Board +
PQ National Park +
PQ Forest Protection MB +
Commune PPC +/-
Red Cross Association +
Travel agencies and companies +/-
Schools +
NGOs DANIDA +
WWF +
Primary Farmers associations +
Youth unions +
Women’s unions +
Local credit funds for the poor +
Village leaders +
Tour guiders +/-
Teachers +
Fishermen -
29
Proposed Cons. PlanningProposed Cons. Planning Institutional AnalysisInstitutional Analysis
Institutional Analysis
Roles MARD/DARD/DoFI/PQNP, PQMPAStaffing capacity, Human resourcesFunding by province
30
Proposed Cons. PlanningProposed Cons. Planning Proposed Framework cons. prgProposed Framework cons. prg
Framework cons. programs conservation and protection programme
Objectives: •To protect PQMPA’s resources•To implement and enforce MPA rules and regulations,
Activities:•Establishment of Zoning regulation •Preparation protection schedules for each zone•Enforcement of the rules and regulations.•Regular inspection and interviews •Implementation the patrolling and controlling activities to protect marine resources
31
Proposed Cons. PlanningProposed Cons. Planning Proposed Framework cons. prgProposed Framework cons. prg
Framework cons. programs Scientific research programme
Objectives: •To enhance scientific knowledge and activities•To continue inventory and survey activities of seagrass and coral reefs •To monitor and assess the changes
Activities:•Field survey, Establishment studies of the range, habits and ecology of rare and endemic species •Application of new technology such as remote sensing, GIS, reef check, seagrass measurement•Cooperate with international, national institutes, NGO for study•Seminar, meeting, workshop, conference
32
Proposed Cons. PlanningProposed Cons. Planning Proposed Framework cons. prgProposed Framework cons. prg
Framework cons. programs education and awareness programme
Objectives: •To reduce the negative impacts of tourism•To cooperate with DOET to do EE acts •To increase the awareness of people local people
Activities:•Evaluating and raising the awareness of local people on marine resource and environment •Education activities to increase the awareness•Training, mobilizing and increasing the awareness of local people on marine resource and environment
33
Proposed Cons. PlanningProposed Cons. Planning Proposed Framework cons. prgProposed Framework cons. prg
Framework cons. programs communities participation programme
Objectives: •To find our the dependency of local people on marine resources.•To find alternative livelihood for local.•Mobilize the participation
Activities:•Supplying vocational training, eg. tourism•Offering the credit loans for economic dev.•Promotion aquaculture, maquaculture•Seeking alternative livelihood such as handcraft products
34
ConclusionConclusion
1. The establishing of GIS dataset using GIS/RS/GPS, local participatory mapping, expert consultation and secondary data will be useful for later international study.2. The GIS dataset supplied the basic information for selecting and zoning MPA using multi-criteria analysis and GIS zoning model. The model is flexible in case we can add some more criteria and identify again the weights by ranking and rating. As the result, it would bring further positive impacts on conservation planning process.3. Socio-economic data, stakeholder analysis, institutional assessment together with GIS database will useful tools for conservation planning4. Four programmes were designed for MPA management. The main actor is PQMPA management board and involvement of NGOs and national research institutes. 5. The research proposed ways to improve the effective collaboration between PQMPA and the district and comune authorities in MPA conservation and development
35
RecommendationsRecommendations
1. Potential analysis should be done with many scientists from different sectors.
2. Local participatory mapping is powerful tool in combination of local knowledge with GIS/GPS/RS. The satellite data brings the overview of study area. Meanwhile, local people could supply precious information of location of rare species and the distribution of marine habitat.
3. It will be better to have more involvement of stakeholders in mapping, zoning and conservation planning process
4. The use of multi-criteria analysis added GIS techniques should become standard operating procedures in the planning, zoning, and management for any MPA or PA in Vietnam.
5. It is high recommend to integrating between terrestrial/ forest conservation, coastal and marine conservation.
6. It needs to create the regulation for MPA as the basic for implementing conservation activities. Law enforcement.