Geography Form 2

Stephanie Ellul

Ms.S.Ellul Form2

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1. Discovering the Atlas

Atlases are books of maps

that show physical

territories, regional details,

place names, etc.

Most Atlases are divided

into three parts:

a) The first few pages are devoted to the special information which consists

of:

The titles of the Map and the page number where they are to be found.

Tables of climatic data eg: temperature, and figures of certain places.

Short notes.

b) The second part consists of different types of maps.

Maps generally include:

1. name of place depicted at the top of the page

2. scale of map

3. grid for locating places

4. specific features (e.g. sea level, location, place names)

Some types of maps included in the Atlas:

1. A physical map uses symbols to show where mountains, deserts, forests,

and other features of the land are.

2. A political maps show places where people live.

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3. A road map shows where roads

and streets are in a certain place.

c) The third part of the Atlas consists

of the INDEX. The index is always

found at the end of the atlas.

All atlases have an index while only

some atlases include a glossary.

Activity:

1. What is the name of your Atlas?

___________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

2. Look through the second part of your Atlas and say on which pages

you find:

a. The map of British Isles___________

b. The map of East Europe and Turkey ___________

c. The map of South Asia ___________

d. The map of New Zealand ___________

e. The map of South America ___________

3. Why is it important to have an Atlas?

___________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(10 marks)

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The best way to find the location of something in an Atlas is to use the Index.

The Index can be found at the back of the Atlas. Find the Index in your Atlas.

Salavat Russia 49 J5 53 19N 55 54E

Salavat is at 53 degrees, 19 minutes north and 55 degrees, 54 minutes east

A. Find the following:

1. Aachen is at ______ degrees, _______ minutes ________ and ________

degrees, _______ minutes ________

2. Selma is at ______ degrees, _______ minutes ________ and ________

degrees, _______ minutes ________

3. Provo is at ______ degrees, _______ minutes ________ and ________ degrees,

_______ minutes ________

4. Walsall is at ______ degrees, _______ minutes ________ and ________

degrees, _______ minutes ________

5. Sinai, Mount is at ______ degrees, _______ minutes ________ and ________

degrees, _______ minutes ________

6. Wuxi is at ______ degrees, _______ minutes ________ and ________ degrees,

_______ minutes ________

(3 marks)

Grid square

on page

Latitdues/Longitude Name of

place Country it is

located in

Page number of

Atlas

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2. Representing dimensions on maps

We use maps because although we know that

Malta is found in the Mediterranean Sea, if we

are in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean with no

computers to pin point our exact location, how

are we going to find Malta in the

Mediterranean sea?

Of course the answer is with MAPs. Maps have the advantage to locate any

place that we want. However do all maps contain the same detail?

In reality large maps contain much more detail than small maps. Large maps

are therefore called: large scale maps

Each map/picture must have a scale in the form of a ratio.

To fully understand ratio, we can turn them into fractions, for example 1:18

is 1/18. These fractions are called representative Fractions.

Important: We have to remember that the SMALLER the ratio the BIGGER the

size of the map/picture.

A a

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A. Go through some of the maps in your Atlas and write down 12 examples of

different scales. Write also the equivalent representative fraction as is

shown in the example that follows.

(3 marks)

B. Suppose you have 5 maps of Europe on the following scales. Arrange the

maps in descending order of size, starting from the largest and ending with

the smallest:

1. Map of Europe on scale 1:5,000,000 _____

2. Map of Europe on scale 1:10,000,000 _____

3. Map of Europe on scale 1:1,000,000 _____

4. Map of Europe on scale 1:50,000,000 _____

5. Map of Europe on scale 1:2,000,000 _____

(2.5 marks)

Map of: Page in Atlas: Scale

Ratio R.F.

Example: France 42 1:5,000,000 1/5,000,000

1

2

3

4

5

6

A

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C. Find the map of the Mediterranean Region in your Atlas. Write down the

answers to the following questions:

1. What is the given scale of the map? _______________________

2. If the scale is larger, will the map contain less or more details? ____________

3. If the scale is smaller, would the map of Malta in it be smaller or larger?

______________

(1.5 marks)

3. Latitudes and Longitudes

Fill in the blanks with the following words:

vertically, equal, East, pole, half, London, West, parallel, horizontally,

Prime Meridian, North, Greenwich, South, equator.

Latitudes are lines, drawn on maps running

from __________ to __________. The principal of

Latitude is the 0 called the __________. The

equator is the largest circle running around

the earth. One needs to remember that all

circles run __________ to the equator and to

each other.

Longitudes are lines that run from __________ to

__________ each joining at the North and South

_________. The lines of longitude only form

_________ circles. The lines of longitude are all

_________ in size. The principal line of longitude

is called the ________ __________ which passes

through __________. It is also known as

__________.

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The most important lines of Latitudes are:

Tropic of Cancer (2330N)

Tropic of Capricorn (2330S)

Arctic Circle (6630N)

Antarctic Circle (6630S)

(7 marks)

4. Google Earth

Google earth navigators:

i. Background

Overview

Google Earth allows you to travel the world through a virtual globe and view

satellite imagery, maps, terrain, 3D buildings, and much more.

Lines of longitude appear __________ Lines of latitude appear __________

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Although the options within Google Earth are endless, here are a few things

you can do:

Discover the Earth: Fly to any location in the world, learn about a city and

its geographic features, find local businesses, and create tours.

Explore the Sky: Enjoy the wonders of the heavens and learn about our

solar system.

Dive in the Ocean: Go beneath the surface and visit the depths of the

ocean and explore the planet's deepest underwater canyons. Learn

about ocean observations, climate change, and endangered species.

You can even discover new places to surf, dive and fish.

Walk on the Moon: Take tours of landing sites narrated by Apollo

astronauts and view 3D models of landed spacecraft.

Visit Mars: Travel the Red Planet and explore NASA's latest imagery of our

galactic neighbor.

Features

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1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________

4. ____________________ 5. ____________________ 6. ____________________

7. ____________________ 8. ____________________ 9. ____________________

10. ___________________ 11. ___________________ 12. ___________________

13. ___________________ 14. ___________________ 15. ___________________

16. ___________________ 17. ___________________ 18. ___________________

(3 marks)

ii. Install it

a. Download the latest version of Google Earth from the following location:

http://dl.google.com/earth/client/current/GoogleEarthWin.exe

b. Double-click the file and go through the installation process

c. You should now be able to run Google Earth by going to Start > Programs >

Google Earth and clicking on the Google Earth icon.

iii. Basics

Each time you start Google Earth, the Earth appears in the main window. The

area that shows the Earth is called the 3D viewer.

Navigating

The navigation controls appear in the top

right corner of the 3D viewer.

To view and use the navigation controls,

move the cursor over the top right corner of

the 3D viewer. The navigation controls

automatically appear whenever you do

this; they fade from sight when you move

the cursor elsewhere.

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Finding places

You can search for specific locations using the Fly

To tab in Google Earth. To do this, enter the

location in the in