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UMER ZIA - 08-arid-390

BBA-2nd – Section B

university Institute of Management Sciences Rawalpindi, Pakistan

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IntroductionIntroduction

Pakistan is an ideological Islamic state. It is inhabited by 98% of Muslims.2% of Christians, Hindus.Estimated population of Pakistan

166 MillionsThe total area of Pakistan is 796,096 km ²Divided in Four Provinces , Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, NWFP, Capital & FATA

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Area of Pakistan before the separation of East-Pakistan

940096km²

West-Pakistan 796096 km ² East-Pakistan 144,000km²

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PUNJAB 205,345 Km²

SINDH 140,914 Km²

Baluchistan 347,190 Km²

NWFP 74,521 Km²

Capital ISLAMABAD 906 Km²

FATA 27,220 km²

Size of Areas in figures

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Size of Areas in Graph

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Location of PAKISTAN

Pakistan lies between the latitude of 24˚ north to 37˚ north latitude and between longitude of 61˚ east to 77˚ east longitude.

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Neighboring Countries & Borders of PAKISTAN

Total length of borders.

Pakistan shares its borders with four neighboring countries Afghanistan, China, India, and Iran – adding up to about 6,975 km in length. (excluding the coastal areas).

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Border with AFGHANISTAN

To the West, Pakistan is bordered with Afghanistan.

Length of Border is 2,250 km.

Border between Pakistan & Afghanistan is called. Durand Line

Its proposal was drafted by and named after the former secretary of British India Sir Henry Mortimer Durand

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Border with CHINA

To the East , Pakistan is Bordered with its Best Friend China.

The length of border between Pak & China is 600 Km.

A Road connects Pakistan & China. SILK ROUTE (Shahra-e-Resham)For Trade Purpose between Pak & China.

China helped & helping Pakistan in the development of many Projects.

Defence projects are very important

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Border with IRAN

Iran is also situated in the West of Pakistan.

Length of border between Pak & Iran is 950 km.

Delimited by a British commission in the same year as the Durand line was demarcated .

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Border with INDIA

In east, The Pakistan and India has boundary of 1600 kms.Pakistan & India are traditional Rivals.Pakistan & India spend their major part of their budget on their defence.Pakistan & India both are now nuclear powers.Dispute of Kashmir between Pak-India is still unresolved in UNO

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Arabian Sea

Arabian sea is located in the South of Pakistan.

Arabian sea is very Important for Pakistan to Trade with the other countries of world.

In Arabian sea Pakistan has Two Sea Ports,i. Port Bin Qasim in Karachiii.Gawadar Port.

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Physical Features of PakistanPakistan is divided into Four major regions.

Mountains

Plains

Plateaus

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Mountains.The Mountain is a high land. It is

usually more than 900 meter above sea level. It is has broad base, steep slope and narrow top.

The Mountain ranges of Pakistan.

Northern Mountain Range

Central Mountain Range

Western Mountain Range

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Northern Mountain RangeThe mountain range of the Himalayas in the north of indo-Pakistan is stretched over the western to east whose length is almost 2430 kilometers. It comprises the major mountain ranges.

Siwalik Height is almost 900 meters famous mountains are Pabbi hills located in the south of Hazara and Muree Lesser Himalaya Pir Panjal is the highest range Famous resorts Muree, Ayubia, Nathia Galli etc The height of these peaks is from 1800 meter to 4600 meters

The Great Himalayas Their average height is 6500 meter They are covered by thick snowy surface Kashmir valley is located in Himalayas Nanga Parbat is the highest Peak of this range. 8126 meters high.

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Karakoram Range The average height of this range is 7000 meters The second highest Peak of the World K-2 whose height is 8611 meters

Hindukash Range

The highest peak of the range is Turch Meer which is 7690 meters.

Sawat and Chitral Mountains.

Sawat and Chitral Mountains are located in the south of Hindukash range

These mountains are 3000 to 5000 meters high

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Central Mountain RangeThese Mountains are located in the centre of Pakistan

SALT Range The average height of the range is 700 meters Sakesar is a very beautiful place , 1500 meters high Reserves of Coal, Gypsum and Salt can be found in this range Kallar kahar lake is also situated in this region

Sulaiman Mountains Takht-e-Sulaiman is the highest peak of this range The height is 3443 feet.

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Western Mountain Range.

Koh-e-Sufaid Ranges Its average height is 3600 meters.The Khyber Pass is located in this range which joins Pakistan and Afghanistan by Peshawar-Kabul road.

Waziristan Hills These hills rise up to 10,000 feet. In their east Kohat hills are located.

Toba Kokar Hills Toba kokar Hills are located with Pak-Afghan border and they extend up to Quetta.

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Chaghi Hills

These hills are located on the western Pak-Afghan border. Pakistan tested Atomic Bombs on 28th may 1998 in chaghi hills.Ras koh Range

These low hills are located in the south of Chaghi Hills.

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PLAINS

A vast and leveled part of land is called a plain.

Upper Indus Plains

Lower Indus plains

Coastal plains

Desert

Climate

Pakistan has four seasons

A cool, dry winter from December through February

A hot, dry spring from March through May

The summer rainy season, or southwest monsoon period, from June through September

The retreating monsoon period of October and November 23

The importance of Pakistan’s Location

. Trade links with china have been established through road known as “Shahra-e-Resham”.

The position of Pakistan gives it an internationally important position among the Muslim nations and due to ECO (Economic Cooperation Organization) treaty the relation between Iran, turkey and Pakistan has extended in the various fields.

Karachi is most important port of our country which is situated on the international sea route and it provides the inter link between European countries and the Asian countries. And way to trade to central Asian countries. Because Pakistan has Warm waters.

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Pakistan lies in the Torrid Zone

climate condition in Pakistan remain normal,

Agriculture activities can be performed throughout the year.

The water of our sea remains open throughout the year due to moderate temperature. It does not freeze so the trade activities are performed in every season.

Pakistan has road and railway link with Iran and turkey and trade with European countries can be performed through this route.

The importance of Pakistan’s Location

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Geo-political Importance

Pakistan a Protagonist of the unity of Muslim UmmahPakistan is situated at the center of the Islamic

countries of Africa and Asia.

It is linked to these Muslim states through land and sea routes

its geographical centrality necessitates that it supports the unity of the Muslim world

worked for mutual alliance and unity of the Muslims.

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A check to Russian ExpansionTo the north of Pakistan is Russia which for

centuries has planned to penetrate towards the south is search of warm waters.

The invasion of Afghanistan by Russia was a part of this plan.

Pakistan, due to religious and cultural bonds with Afghan people gave its full support and Failed the Russian Plans.

Pakistan for quite half a century has posed a great obstacle in the way of Russian expansionism.

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Emergence of central Asian StatesAfter the demise of Soviet Union, Central

Asian states got their freedom.

These states have deep Historical, Cultural and religious ties with the people of Pakistan.

Central Asia is rich in natural resources and provides good markets for the world.

These central Asian states also want to develop trade links with other countries.

These states are land-locked, Karachi is the nearest port to trade with other countries

This has opened a great opportunity for PakistanTo penetrate into these new emerging marketsExchange goods with the rest of the world via the port of Karachi.

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Oil Politics and PakistanThe Middle East has attracted the whole world because of its wealth of oil resources.

Israeli Aggression and Pakistan

Due to the spiritual and geographical closeness of Pakistan with the Islamic countries

Pakistan provides services army officers

Gives education engineering, medicine and military training to the Arabs

Pakistan has played a significant role in protecting Arab countries from Israeli aggression.

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Indian Plans and Pakistan

A mini-super of the region

India is afraid of Pakistan.

South Asia feel little secured

India is forced to give them their status in SAARC

(South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)

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