Genetic Testing for Personalized Nutrition. The Science of Nutrigenomics About Nutrigenomix® How...
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Genetic Testing for Personalized Nutrition
The Science of Nutrigenomics
About Nutrigenomix®
How Nutrigenomix® Works
The Genetic Test Results Report
Overview
Genes encode proteins, which have many functions Some proteins interact with dietary components
Genes are composed of sequences of nucleotides (A, C, G and T)
Differences in nucleotides within a gene produce genetic variants• Single Nucleotide Polymorphism = “SNP”
o Example: a “C” replacing an “A”• Insertion/deletion = deleted segments ( “del”) or additional inserted
segments ( “ins”)
We inherit two copies of most genes, one from each parent • Each gene has two different forms (e.g. A and C, or ins and del)• Three possible variants (or “genotypes”):
o Example: AA, CA, or CC
The Science of Nutrigenomics
Increase
Decrease
No EffectGenes
Genotype A
Genotype C
Genotype B
HealthOutcomeNutrition
The Science of Nutrigenomics
Test developed for exclusive use by dietitians
Why only dietitians?
Most qualified experts to offer nutritional advice Best at providing personalized nutrition plans Not considered a controlled act
No referral required
About Nutrigenomix®
University of Toronto start-up company
Launched in Canada, June 2012
Available in >300 clinics
8 languages in 15 countries
Panel of 7 genetic tests
About Nutrigenomix®
• Dietitians of Canada Conference Toronto, June 2012
• International Congress of Dietetics Sydney, Sept. 2012
• Food & Nutrition Conference and Expo (USA) Philadelphia, Oct 2012
Nutrigenomix® Launch
Nutrigenomix is based on studies published in:
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Archives of Internal Medicine Atherosclerosis Genes and Nutrition Journal of Hypertension Journal of the American Medical Association Journal of Nutrition
Backed by an expert Science Advisory Board
Science behind Nutrigenomix®
DNA-based dietary advice resulted in: greater understanding of
recommendations greater interest in learning more greater motivation to change eating
habits improved dietary outcomes (to be
published)
Ahmed El-Sohemy, PhD (Chair)Canada Research Chair in NutrigenomicsUniversity of Toronto
David Castle, PhDChair of Innovation in the Life SciencesUniversity of Edinburgh
Lynnette R Ferguson, D.Phil., DScProgram Leader of Nutrigenomics New ZealandUniversity of Auckland
J. Bruce German, PhDDirector of Foods for Health InstituteUniversity of California, Davis
Ben van Ommen, PhDDirector of the Nutrigenomics OrganisationTNO Quality of Life
Bénédicte Fontaine-Bisson, RD, PhDAssistant Professor in Nutrition SciencesUniversity of Ottawa
Jose Ordovas, PhDDirector of Nutritional GenomicsTufts University
David Jenkins, MD, PhDCanada Research Chair in Nutritionand MetabolismUniversity of Toronto
International Science Advisory Board
Test performed with dietitian Test sent to lab Results uploaded Report generated
Results interpreted by
dietitian
How Nutrigenomix® Works
Five-Step Process
1. Test performed with dietitian – saliva sample provided
Saliva collected into vial:Quick, non-invasive
procedure
How Nutrigenomix® Works
2. Saliva sample sent to lab for genetic analysis
How Nutrigenomix® Works
3. Results uploaded to secure server
How Nutrigenomix® Works
4. Personalized report generated and sent to dietitian
How Nutrigenomix® Works
5. Meet with dietitian to discuss results and develop personalized nutritional plan based on genotype
How Nutrigenomix® Works
Test panel consists of seven genetic tests:
The Genetic Test Results Report
Sample Report
Low levels of vitamin C linked to increased risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes and cancer
Some utilize vitamin C more efficiently than others
Dependent on a variant of the GSTT1 gene
Results: Based on individual’s genotype for GSTT1, recommend target vitamin C intake
Cahill et al. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009;90:1411-1417.
Vitamin C
Frequency of serum ascorbic acid deficiency by GSTT1 genotype and vitamin C adequacy.
* Relative risk of deficiency for those with the “deletion” (Del) variant who do not meet the RDA for vitamin C compared to those who meet the RDA
Cahill et al. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009;90:1411-1417.
Sample Results
Sample Results
Folate
Low folate linked to increased risk of heart disease
Some utilize folate more efficiently than others
Dependent on a variant of the MTHFR gene
Results: Based on individual’s genotype for MTHFR, recommend target folate intake
Guinotte et al. J. Nutr. 2003;133:1272-1280.
Frequency (%) of subjects who had low serum folate after repletion with 400 mcg/day of daily folate equivalents, by MTHFR genotype
Guinotte et al. J. Nutr. 2003;133:1272-1280.
* Relative risk of low serum folate for those with the risk variant (CT or TT genotype) compared to those with the CC genotype.
Sample Results
Sample Results
Whole Grains Whole grains may help reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes
Some benefit from increasing whole grain consumption more than others
Dependent on a variant of the TCF7L2 gene
Results: Based on individual’s genotype for TCF7L2, recommend target whole grain intake
Cornelis et al. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009;89:1256-1262.
* Percent risk calculated from odds ratios for GT or TT group compared to GG group when the glycemic load of the diet is high.
Risk of diabetes based on TCF7L2 genotype and glycemic load (GL) of the diet.
Cornelis et al. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009;89:1256-1262.
Sample Results
Sample Results
Omega-3 Fat Omega-3 fats may help reduce risk of heart disease by lowering triglyceride levels
Omega-3 fats help reduce triglycerides in some people, while others see little benefit
Dependent on a variant of the NOS3 gene
Results: Based on individual’s genotype for NOS3, recommend target omega-3 fat intake
Ferguson et al. Atherosclerosis. 2010;211:539-544.
Circulating levels of triglycerides based on circulating levels of omega-3 fats (low vs. high) and NOS3 genotype
Ferguson et al. Atherosclerosis. 2010;211:539-544.
* Subjects with the GT or TT genotype who had low circulating omega-3 fats (≤3.68% of total lipids as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) had a 25% greater circulating triglyceride level than those with high circulating omega-3 fats (>3.68% of total lipids as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids).
Sample Results
Sample Results
Saturated Fat Saturated fat is associated with heart disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity
Some people are more prone to obesity when consuming a diet high in saturated fat
Dependent on a variant of the APOA2 gene
Results: Based on individual’s genotype for APOA2, recommend target saturated fat intake
Corella et al. Arch. Intern. Med. 2009;169(20):1897-906.
Combined data showing overall frequency of prevalent obesity by APOA2 genotype and saturated fat intake
* Relative risk of obesity for those with the CC variant who consume <22 grams saturated fat/day compared to those who consume ≥22 grams of saturated fat/day.
Corella et al. Arch. Intern. Med. 2009;169(20):1897-906.
Sample Results
Sample Results
Sodium Sodium intake is linked to blood pressure
Some have a greater increase in blood pressure than others in response to excess sodium intake
Dependent on a variant of the ACE gene
Results: Based on individual’s genotype for ACE, recommend target sodium intake
Poch et al. Hypertension. 2001;38:1204-1209.
Prevalence of salt-sensitive hypertension by ACE genotype
Poch et al. Hypertension. 2001;38:1204-1209.
* Relative risk of salt-sensitive hypertension with the GA or AA genotype compared to the GG genotype.
Sample Results
Sample Results
Caffeine Caffeinated coffee can influence heart health
Some people have increased risk of high blood pressure and heart attack if they consume ≥2 cups/d of coffee, while others do not have this risk
Dependent on a variant of the CYP1A2 gene
Results: Based on individual’s genotype for CYP1A2, recommend target caffeine intake
Cornelis et al. JAMA. 2006;295:1135-41.
Risk of myocardial infarction (MI) associated with coffee consumption by CYP1A2 genotype
Cornelis et al. JAMA. 2006;295:1135-41.
* Significantly increased risk of MI compared to <1 cup/day.1,2 Risk = relative risk of MI for subjects with the GA and AA genotype who consume (1) ≥4 cups of coffee/day or (2) 2-3 cups of coffee/day compared to those consuming <1 cup of coffee/day.
Sample Results
Sample Results
Website: www.Nutrigenomix.com
Email: [email protected]
Or Contact:
Lisa Cianfrini, MSc, RD (click below to watch video)Manager, Dietitian ServicesNutrigenomix [email protected] 416-323-7599
Learn more about Nutrigenomix:
Starter Package for Dietitians
Register at www.nutrigenomix.comCollege registration number must be provided
