Slide 1

INFORMATION

COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGY

Term 2~ Week 4.2

Specific Objective ~ 2.1.1

Objectives

Explain concepts, requirements and terminologies of internet.

Required Previous Knowledge

Students understand how the traditional Ghana Post Service works, for domestic and international post.

Perform basic word processing skills (typing, spell check, formatting, etc.).

REVIEW

WHAT ARE SOME
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
THAT IS USED WITH THE INTERNET?

DISCUSSION

HOW DO WE
SEND LETTERS TO FRIENDS WITHIN AND OUTSIDE
OF GHANA?

NETWORKS

TRADITIONAL
vs.
COMPUTER

Networks
(Tradition vs. Computer)

Network:

A group or system of interconnected people or things.

A group of people who exchange information and experience for professional or social purposes.

Examples

Trade network

Stock Market

Computer network:

A process whereby two or more computers communicate and share resources.

Can be accomplished two ways:

Physically connected through the use of cables.

Wirelessly connected using RF, IR, etc.

THE
INTERNET

The Internet

The internet is a wide world collection of computer networks which co-operate with each other to exchange data using a common standard software called TCP or IP.

It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks, which together carry various information and services.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet

INTERNET
TERMINOLOGIES

Terminologies Of The Internet

Web Page

Chats

Discussions Boards

Synchronous

Asynchronous

WWW
(World Wide Web)

http (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

ftp (File Transfer Protocol)

HTML

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

IP (Internet Protocol)

E-Mail

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Search engines

Blogs

Listservs

Benefits Derived From
The Use Of The Internet

Provides users the opportunity to search and have access to a wide range of topics.

Helps in communicating with friends, family, business associates, etc via the use of E-mail, on-line chats, blogs, etc.

Allows for the sharing of software or resources between computers all across the world

History Of The Internet

Built by the US Department of Defense to serve two purpose:

To share research findings among the military, industry and institution.

To provide a system for sustaining communication among military units in event of an attack, regardless of the different kinds of connected computers.

History Of The Internet

1969 ~ U.S. Department Of Defense ARPA Net (Advance Research Project Agency Network).

Development had to find a way for the various computers to speak the same language and the solution was TCP/IP.

TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL /
INTERNET PROTOCOL
(TCP/IP)

Definition ~ Protocol

A standard set of rules that determines or specifies how computers communicate with each other across a network.

Before computers can communicate with each other or exchange messages they must have a common language to help them determine what each message means.

TCP / IP

TCP ~ Transmission Control Protocol

IP ~ Internet Protocol

TCP/IP is the default protocol that specify how computer communicate over the internet. All computers that use the internet need the TCP and IP.

Internet Protocol (IP)

IP makes use of packet switching.

Data sent to the network is broken up into packets, with a limited size.

The protocol defines how each packet is to be marked with the addresses of the source and destination and how it is to be routed.

TCP/IP

The transmitting machine's TCP packets are placed in IP packets for transmission.

At the receiving machine, the TCP packets are reassembled and the data extracted from.

If any packets are missing or corrupted, a signal is sent to the sending machine, to retransmit them.

WORLD WIDE WEB
(WWW)

World Wide Web ~ (WWW)

The web as it is also called is an interconnected system of web sites all over the world that share information.

The www is an internet service that organizes information using a format called Hyper Text Markup Language.

World Wide Web ~ (WWW)

Information is transferred between computers using HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

How The WWW Works

Uses a master/slave or server/client relation.

The browser program acts like a client that uses the internet to contact a remote server for the requested page.

The server on the remote system returns a the page along with additional information.

How The WWW Works

WEB BROWSER

Web Browser

It is an application software that allows you to interact with the World Wide Web.

You type and or use the mouse to click on a word or picture to guide you from one web page to another.

Home Page

Is the default web page or first page you see when you access a website.

It usually includes:

Introduction to the sites purpose

Links to other pages

An index of the site

Contact information

WEB PAGE

Web Page

Web Page / Website

Is a group of files stored on a computer or server, that users of the www access when they wish to view a web site.

Each and every page has a links that are selectable that takes you to another web page.

SEARCH ENGINES

Search Engines

It is an interactive tool that enables users to locate information available through the world wide web.

It presents a text box for the user to fill it, submit and retrieve the list of resources that match the search criteria.

BLOGS

BLOGS (Web Log)

Blog is the short for Weblog.

It is a journal or news letter that is usually meant to serve the general public.

It is often frequently updated to help the general public be kept up to date.

The process of updating the blog is called blogging and the one who takes care of the blog is called blogger.

UNIVERSAL
RESOURCE LOCATOR
(URL)

URL

URL ~ Universal Resource Locator.

Is an address that points to a specific resource on the world wide web.

To goto a particular website, you must know its' URL correctly spelled.

Examples include:

www.apsecans.com

www.nasa.gov

www.google.com

www.bbc.co.uk

HTML

Hyper-Text Mark Up Language

HTML ~ Hyper Text Mark Up Language

HTML is the default language for creating webpages.

HTML a system in which documents scattered across the internet can be linked so that a word or phrase in one document becomes a connection to a different document.

Hyper-Text Mark Up Language

HTML may be displayed by a web browser, email client, or a mobile phone.

HTML files are text files stored on the internet and utilize a standardized set of codes or tags to define the structure / formatting of the web page.

This is a Sample of HTML

This is a Sample of HTML

HYPERTEXT
TRANSFER PROTOCOL (HTTP)

HTTP

HTTP ~ Hypertext Transfer Protocol

HTTP is the default protocol for transmitting text over the internet.

HTTP is used commonly on the internet for transmitting webpages (HTML, images, etc) from servers to browsers.

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Communication_Networks/HTTP_Protocol

FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL
(FTP)

FTP

FTP ~ File Transfer Protocol

Like HTTP, FTP is a protocol that handles the sending and receiving of files.

Although not as popular it is one way to download files from the internet.

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Communication_Networks/FTP_Protocol

ELECTRONIC MAIL
(E-MAIL)

E-Mail (Electronic-Mail)

For many people the main attraction of the internet is E-Mail.

It is a service that permits one to send or receive a memo from another person or group.

It is the technological equivalent of the international postal service.

How E-Mail Works

Communication involves the interaction between multiple programs.

These programs again work in a client / server approach.

That is the two programs co-operate to transmit the message from the senders computer to the recipient computer.

How E-Mail Works

E-Mail ClientSenders ComputerE-Mail ClientRecipient's ComputerInternetE-Mail ServerTCP/IPInternetE-Mail ServerTCP/IP

E-Mail (Local vs. Web Clients)

LISTSERVS

Listsevs / List Serves

It is a type of service on the internet that helps to redistribute E-mail to the available names on the mailing list.

A user can subscribe to the mailing list by sending an E-mail to the mailing list.

Once you become a subscriber, the list server will add your name so that you can receive future E-mail postings.

DISCUSSIONS BOARDS

Discussion Boards

Discussion Boards refers to an online bulletin board / notice board.

Users can leave questions or messages and wait for responses in the future.

Today discussion boards are part of a website with the help of a Discussion Board Application Software.

ONLINE CHATS

Online Chats

A form of communication over the internet that allows users to have a one-on-one chat with friends and other people.

Chat can be accomplished through a web page or a client installed on your personal computer.

Online Chats

SYNCHRONOUS
TRANSMISSION

Synchronous Transmission

Data is sent at pre-defined intervals or regular intervals.

Deal with timing of transmission.

Two or more processes can be performed at the same time by means of a mutual timed signals.

ASYNCHRONOUS
TRANSMISSION

Asynchronous Transmission

Mode of transmission in which data being sent has no pre-defined intervals or has irregular intervals.

It does not deal with timing.

This means that only one process can be performed at a time.

CLASS WORK

Class Work

Working in groups of four (4) or less students.

Come out with four benefits you can get through the use of the internet.

Provide at-least 2 reasons for each.

HOMEWORK

Home Work

In Your Own Words define the following terms:

Internet

Web page

HTML

Asynchronous Transmission

FTP

QUESTIONS

Click to edit the title text format

Click to edit the outline text format

Second Outline Level

Third Outline Level

Fourth Outline Level

Fifth Outline Level

Sixth Outline Level

Seventh Outline Level

Eighth Outline Level

Ninth Outline Level

LOCAL CLIENTWEB CLIENTRequires the same computer each and every time you access your mail.Can be accessed from any computer in the world.Can view your e-mail any time or place.Can only view your e-mail when connected to the internet.Requires the installation of an E-Mail Client / Application Software.Requires a current web browser and connection to the internet.Can compose your e-mails when not connected to the internet.Cannot easily compose your e-mail when not connected to the internet.

???Page ??? (???)03/10/2008, 12:00:25Page /