footprint.xls

of 19, document.xls, Ecological Footprint of Households, by Mathis Wackernagel, Ritik Dholakia, Diana Deumling and Dick Richardson, Redefining Progress, printed on 04/17/2023

Assess your Household's Ecological Footprint by Mathis Wackernagel, Ritik Dholakia, Diana Deumling, and Dick Richardson, Redefining Progress, v 2.0, March 2000

First, choose whether you want to work with metric or US measurements. m : put "m" for metric, "s" for US standard

Second, register your monthly consumption in column D (or your yearly consumption in column E). Optional: put the dollar amounts into column F.

Number of people in the household: 1 (land and sea space in square meters)

AMOUNT eqv. amount Dollars I) FOSSIL II) ARABLE III) PASTURE IV) FOREST V) BUILT-UP VI) SEACATEGORIES Units per month per year spent (mth) ENERGY LAND LAND1.-FOOD

Enter percentage of food purchased that is wasted rather than eaten in your household. 26% ( 26 percent is the national average)How much of the food that you buy is locally grown, unprocessed and in-season? b a. Most food we buy is packaged, out of season and from far away.

b. About a quarterc. About half

100% d. About three quarterse. Most all the food we get is locally grown, unprocessed, and in-season.

.Veggies, potatoes & fruit [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0

.Bread and bakery products [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0

.Flour, rice, noodles, cereal products [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0

.Beans and other dried pulses [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0

.Milk, cream, yogurt, sour cream [l] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0

.Ice cream, other frozen dairy [l] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0

.Cheese, butter [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0

.Eggs [assumed to be 50 g each] [number] 0 0 $0.00 0 0

.Meat ..Pork [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0 ..Chicken, turkey [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0 ..Beef (grain fed) [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0 0 ..Beef (pasture fed) [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0.Fish [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0.Sugar [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0.Vegetable oil & fat ..solid [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0 ..liquid [l] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0.Coffee & tea [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0.Juice & wine [l] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0.Beer [l] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0.Garden [area used for food] [m2] 0.0 0 0.Eating out [$] 0 0 $0.00 0 0 0SUB-TOTAL-1 $0.00 0 0 0 0 0 02.-HOUSING

.House [living area] ..wooden house (US standard) [m2] 0 0 $0.00 0 0 ..brick house [m2] 0 0 $0.00 0 0.Yard [or total lot size incl. building] [m2] 0 0 $0.00 0. Hotels, Motels [$] 0 0 $0.00 0 0.Electricity (also check composition--see note) [kWh] 0 0 $0.00 enter as fraction. ex. 25% = 0.25

..thermally produced (fossil and nuclear) 88% 0

F10

Enter in this column your monthly expenditure in each category

G10

Unless otherwise noted, the Fossil Energy component of the household footprint follows this formula: (Carbon sequestration ratio) * (Energy intensity) * (Waste factor, if needed) * (Quantity in metric or US standard) * (Metric conversion factor, if needed) or (m^2/Gj) * (Gj/Kg) * (Kg) Other terms found in specific formulas are explained in cell notes.

H10

Unless otherwise noted, the Arable Land component of the household footprint follows this formula: (World average yield) * (Conversion factor from primary to secondary product, i.e., wheat to bread) * (Quantity in metric or US standard) * (Metric conversion factor, if needed) or (m^2/kg primary product) * (kg primary product/kg secondary product) * (kg secondary product) The conversion factor from primary to secondary product is only included for secondary (manufactured) products. Other terms found in specific formulas are explained in cell notes.

I10

Unless otherwise noted, the Pasture Land component of the household footprint follows this formula: (World average yield) * (Conversion factor from primary to secondary product, i.e., milk to cheese) * (Quantity in metric or US standard) * (Metric conversion factor, if needed) or (m^2/kg primary product) * (kg primary product/kg secondary product) * (kg secondary product) The conversion factor from primary to secondary product is only included for secondary (manufactured) products (bread, cheese, etc.). Other terms found in specific formulas are explained in cell notes.

B12

With the exception of the sub-categories 'Eating Out' and 'Garden Area,' all sub-categories in the FOOD section should include only food being brought into the household from an outside source (i.e., not homegrown food).

D12

Average US per-capita food consumption data, unless otherwise noted, is for 1997 and taken directly from: Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97, USDA Economic Research Service (ERS), http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/, Tables 1-41: Per Capita Food Consumption, 1970-97

G14

see: "Estimating and Addressing America's Food Losses," Food Review, Jan-April 1997, USDA, ERS

B21

include canned and other prepared fruits and vegetables

D21

Per-capita average consumption of veggies, potatoes and fruit: 48.7 lbs/month

D22

Per-capita average consumption of bread: 7.8 lbs/month

D23

Per-capita average consumption of rice, cereals, noodles: 8.9 lbs/month

D24

Per-capita average consumption of beans: 0.7 lbs/month

D25

Per-capita average consumption of milk, cream, yogurt, sour cream: 9.1 qts/month

D26

Per-capita average consumption of ice cream: 1.2 quarts per month

D27

Per-capita average consumption of cheese, butter: 2.7 lbs/month

D28

Per-capita average consumption of eggs: 20 eggs/month

G28

Fossil energy footprint of eggs: 0.05 refers to 1 egg = 50g =.05 kg

H28

Arable land footprint of eggs: 0.05 refers to 1 egg = 50g =.05 kg

D30

Per-capita average consumption of pork: 3.8 lbs/month

D31

Per-capita average consumption of chicken, turkey: 5.4 lbs/month

D32

Per-capita average consumption of beef (pasture and grain): 5.4 lbs/month

I32

Grass-fed beef compared to grain-fed beef: The grain-fed beef spends much of its life on grass before it goes into the feedlot. Therefore, we assume that about 65-75% of the pasture for grass-fed beef should still be "charged" against grain-fed beef. The great difference, of course, is the omission of grain, but the comparison still should be larger by the amount of pasture needed for growing the animal until it goes into the feedlot. In reality, the time in the feedlot still requires hay, which is harvested from pasture in many cases, and a case may be made that this is even more energetically expensive because of the haying and hauling operations. For more realistic data, a lifecycle analysis of both pasture-fed and grain-fed cattle is necessary. Note that it is also possible to use the cattle in ecological restoration programs, and then consume them after their use as a "tool" is fulfilled. This effectively would put the livestock into a category that increases "wildlife" resources. While this is rarely practiced today, it is an example of humans living synergistically with other species and compatibly with healthy ecosystems. The trade-off would be between human consumption and consumption by carnivores or other omnivores. Of course, the resources used in meat processing, distribution and preparation for human consumption would remain as an ecological footprint component.

D34

Per-capita average consumption of fish: 1.2 lbs/month

L34

1.25 = bycatch factor

D35

Per-capita average consumption of sugar: 5.5 lbs/month

D37

Per-capita average consumption of solid veg. fats: 2.5 lbs/month

D38

Per-capita average consumption of liquid vegetable oils: 1.2 qts/month

G38

Fossil energy footprint of liquid vegetable oil and fat: 0.8 = estimated density of vegetable oil (kg/l)

H38

Arable land footprint of liquid vegetable oil and fat: 0.8 = estimated density of vegetable oil (kg/l)

D39

Per-capita average consumption of tea & coffee: 0.8 lbs/month

C40

A standard bottle of wine contains 0.75 liters or 0.75/1.06 = 0.7 quarts

D40

Per-capita average consumption of juice & wine: 3.0 quarts/month

D41

Per-capita average consumption of beer: 7.3 quarts/month

D42

Per-capita average garden area: no data

D43

Per-capita spending on food and drink consumed outside the house: estimated to be $68 per month

G43

Fossil energy component of eating out: 10000/73000 = Carbon absorption factor (m^2/Mj) 8 Mj/$ spent on food eaten out (estimate)

H43

Arable land footprint of food away from home: Value computed by taking the arable footprint of average per capita food consumption without dining out (SUM(H26:H47)) per day (/365), and assuming that each meal eaten out provides one half of the day's nutritional content (*.5). Assumes that every $6 spent is roughly equivalent to one meal. Alternate method: (58/12) = m^2 of arable land per meal. Value computed using estimates of total daily calories consumed per meal eaten out as well as estimated relative vegetable and meat compositions of each meal.

I43

Pasture footprint of dining out: Value computed by taking the pasture footprint of average per capita food consumption without dining out (SUM(I26:I47)) per day (/365), and assuming that each meal eaten out provides one half of the day's nutritional content (*.5). Assumes that every $6 spent is roughly equivalent to one meal. Alternate method: (273/12) = m^2 of pasture per meal. Value computed using estimates of total daily calories consumed per meal eaten out as well as estimated relative vegetable and meat compositions of each meal.

D48

Per-capita average housing unit size: 1525 sq/ft @ 2.62 people per house =582 sq. ft./person

G48

The life-cycle embodied energy of a standard Canadian house with 350 square meters of living space adds up to 1'310 Gj (Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation, OPTIMIZE, 1991, researched by Sheltair). Life-expectancy of the house is 40 years.

J48

An average Canadian house uses 23.6 m3 of wood and is assumed to last 40 years (Government of Canada, 1991. The State of Canada's Environment. Ministry of Environment, Ottawa). The house is assumed to contain 150 m2 of living space. 2.6/10000 is the roundwood productivity, 2.2 is the ratio of roundwood needed per unit of construction wood. Another estimate from the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (OPTIMIZE, 1991) shows the use of over 50 m3 roundwood equivalent for a 350 m2 house.

G49

The life-cycle embodied energy of a standard Canadian house with 350 square meters of living space adds up to 1'310 Gj (Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation, OPTIMIZE, 1991, researched by Sheltair). Life-expectancy of a brick building may be 70 years. The standard house is to a significant part a wood based construction. However, once redoing the calculation for a brick based construction, the embodied energy content comes to about the same.

J49


B50

Register the entire lot size, including the space the building sits on. If the lot is shared by a number of households (such as in apartment buildings), divide the lot area by the number of households. True wilderness areas which are preserved forever and which are part of the property are not counted as an additional footprint. These spaces are considered to be a biodiversity area in service of humanity as a whole.

D50

Per-capita lot size: Median single detached house lot size = 0.35 acres, or 15246 sq. ft. Average household size : 2.62 Square feet/person: 5819 However, this only accounts for single detached houses, and would need to be adjusted downward slightly to account for apartments and smaller units.

D51

Per-capita expenditure on Hotels, Motels, Camping: $464/hhld Hhld size = 2.6 = $15 /month

G51

Hotel energy costs are estimated from the average resource use of households. We assume an average wooden house in the US (with the land) would cost 150,000 dollars and has 2000 square feet. This corresponds to a monthly mortgage cost of 1000 dollars. In addition, each square foot may use the equivalent of 36 Mj of energy per year, including hot water and electricity, or 3 per month times 2000 square feet = 6000 Mj/month, or 6 Mj per dollar. Apart from the energy aspect, if you enter 1000 dollars a month, you should get the same result as a 2,000 square foot house. If you delete the second term in the energy column (which corresponds to the 6 Mj per dollar operational energy), the energy column also should be the same.

J51

An average Canadian house uses 23.6 m3 of wood and may last 40 years (Government of Canada, 1991. The State of Canada's Environment. Ministry of Environment, Ottawa). The house may contain 150 m2 of living space. 2.6/10000 is the roundwood productivity, 2.2 is the ratio of roundwood needed per unit of construction wood. Also, the hotel costs are estimated from the average resource use of households. We assume an averege wooden US house would cost 150,000 dollars (with land) and has 2000 square feet. This corresponds to a monthly mortgage cost of 1000 dollars.

B52

For composition of electricity: Your local electricity provider should be able to give you a breakdown of the composition of electricity generation for your electricity use (usually this information is sent with your electricity bill). For instance, the following breakdown is the "1999 California Power Mix" provided by Pacific Gas and Electric: 67% coal, nat. gas and nuclear (thermal) 20% large hydroelectric (low-altitude) 3% small hydroelectric (high-altitude) 2% wind 1% solar 2% biomass 5% geothermal

D52

Per-capita electricity consumption: 323 kWh/capita/month

D54

Per capita average breakdown of electricity generation in the US: Fossil-based and nuclear: 88% hydroelectric: 10% Other renewables: 2% (geothermal 0.4, wood 1.1, waste 0.6, wind 0.1, solar 0.03) The distribution will vary by region. Contact your electricity provider to find out your local electricity breakdown (see cell B56).

G54

Fossil energy footprint of thermally produced electricity: 3.6 = energy intensity of production 0.3 = amount of energy transfer due to energy loss in conversion from the primary energy source to electricity (in generating and delivering electricity, 70% of the energy is lost). D58 = component of total electricity generated from thermal sources


..lower course hydro 9% 0

..high altitude hydro 1% 0

..PV solar (on existing roof areas) 0%

..PV solar (on newly built-up area) 0.03% 0

..wind 0.1% 0

..geothermal 0.4%

..biomass 1.5%.Fossil gas (natural gas) ..city gas [m3] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 ..bottled liquid petroleum gas (e.g. p [l] 0.0 0 $0.00 0.Liquid fossil fuel (fuel oil, kerosene) [l] 0.0 0 $0.00 0.Coal [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0.Water (not included since it depends on local circ [m3] 0 0 $0.00 0.Water, sewer, garbage service [$] 0 0 $0.00 0.Straw [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0.Firewood [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0.Constr. wood & furniture [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0.Major appliances [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0.Computers and electronic equipment [kg] 0 0 $0.00 0.Small appliances [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0SUB-TOTAL-2 $0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0

Footprint Calculation Matrix for Households .....CONTINUED page #2 of 3

(land and sea space in square meters) AMOUNT eqv. amount Dollars I) FOSSIL II) ARABLE III) PASTURE IV) FOREST V) BUILT-UP VI) SEA

CATEGORIES Units per month per year spent (mth) ENERGY LAND LAND3.- TRANSPORTATION

.Bus, transit [pers.*km] 0 0 $0.00 0 0.0

.Bus, intercity [pers.*km] 0 0 $0.00 0 0.0

.Train, transit [pers.*km] 0 0 $0.00 0 0

.Train, intercity (Amtrak) [pers.*km] 0 0 $0.00 0 0

.Taxi / rental/ other's car [km] 0 0 $0.00 0 0average fuel efficiency [liters] 20

.Car (your own) [km] 0 0 $0.00 0 0average fuel efficiency [liters] 20

.Parts for repair [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0

.Airplane [pers.*hours] 0.0 0.0 $0.00 0(e)conomy, (b)usiness or (f)irst class? e

SUB-TOTAL-3 $0.00 0 0 0 0 0 04.-GOODS

.Clothes and textiles (if bought used, count them at 1/3 of their weight) ..cotton [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0 0 ..wool [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0 0 ..fossil based (synthetic) [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0Durable paper products (books) and hygenic paper pr [kg] 0 0 $0.00 0 0 0.Metal items, tools [kg] 0 0 $0.00 0 0.Leather [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0 0.Plastic products and photos [kg] 0 0 $0.00 0 0.Porcelain, glass [kg] 0 0 $0.00 0 0.Medicine [kg] 0 0 $0.00 0 0.Hygiene products, cleaning stuff [kg] 0 0 $0.00 0 0.Cigarettes, other tobacco products [kg] 1.0 12 $0.00 205 75 25SUB-TOTAL-4 $0.00 205 75 0 0 25 0

K55

Built-up footprint of lower course hydro: (From "Our Ecological Footprint," by M. Wackernagel and W. Rees) 10000/200000 = square meters of built-up land per Mj 3.6 = Mj/kWh

I56

For Pasture Footprint of Higher Course Hydro: (From "Our Ecological Footprint," by M. Wackernagel and W. Rees) 10000/15000000 = square meters of pasture land per MJ 3.6 = MJ/kWh

K57

This area not included since roof area already counted in built area category. (underestimates since embodied energy of PV not yet included)

K58

Assumes that 3000 kWh can be produced from 24 m2 of PV panels (0.75 roughly estimates the embodied energy of PV).

K59

For now, we assign wind energy the same footprint as PV. This formula will change once we are able to calculate the footprint of wind energy.

C63

There are 1.1 Therms per CCF. CCF are one hundred cubic feet. Check over how many days (or months) you are billed. For example, if the bill stretches over 40 days, divide the amount by 40 and multiply by 30 to get the monthly amount. If you receive the bill bi-monthly, just divide the amount by two. Note that gas consumption varies considerably with the season.

D63

Per-capita natural gas consumption: 17.6 Therms/person/month

G63

World average growing forests can absorb per hectare the carbon of 96 Gj/yr of gas. Therefore, in this calculation: 10000/96000 gives the inverse of the carbon absorption capacity of world average forests in [m2*yr/Mj]. 29.3 gives kWh per Therm 3.6 gives Mj/kWh 1/0.3048^3/100 translates m3 into CCF Here's a second way of calculating it: 1 m3 of gas contains the energy of 8.905 Mcal corresponding to 4.184 more Mj.

D64

Average per-capita LPG consumption: 1.2 gallons/person/month

G64

The fossil gas footprint is 96 Gj per 10,000 m2 and year. One liter of LPG contains about 25 Mj.

D65

Average per-capita fuel oil consumption: 2.4 gallons/person/month

J67

The following note explains how the footprint was calculated. The forest component of water is not included in the overall accounting, however, becasue the water footprint can vary according to local situations. In humid areas (like the ones around Xalapa, Mexico), forests can generate in wells and springs about 1'500 m3 of fresh water per hectare and year. Pastures, in contrast, only generate one tenth of this amount. This at a precipitation level of 15'000 m3 per hectare and year (Secretaría de Desarollo Agropecuario y Pescua, SEDAP, Xalapa 1998). In places like British Columbia, this water use may be a secondary function of forest use. In Xalapa, however, at the margin, this water production becomes the primary use of the forest area - therefore, it needs to be added to the footprint.

D68

Average Per-Capita Water, sewer, garbage service: $9 per person per month

G68

For Fossil Energy Footprint of water, sewer, garbage service 12 Mj/$ = Estimated Energy Intensity

D69

Average per-capita straw consumption: no data

H69

Straw is calculated at the rate the removed biomass can be replaced (to make sure there is no nutrient loss on the field where the straw is grown). As a first approximation, we use cereals biomass productivity as a proxy of bioproductivity potential. On world average land, this productivity is approximately the double of the cereal harvest. Hence, the productivity is 2 * 2641 kg per 10'000 m2 and year.

C70

A cord of wood is 80 cubic feet (roughly 3 x 4 x 7 feet), and contains roughly 3000 pounds of dry wood.

D70

Average per-capita firewood consumption: .08 cords/year, or 240 pounds

J70

World average forest yield is 2.6 m3 per 10'000 m2 and year. 600 kg/m3 is the average wood density. 0.53 is the waste factor for fire wood. It means that for each kg of firewood one needs 0.53 kg of roundwood. In this category, the waste factor is significantly smaller than 1 since about twice as much firewood can be produced than roundwood per m2 and year. /2.4: the results are divided by the correction factor for the forest footprint of housing. The reason is that the true footprint of firewood can be calculated quite accurately - while the big error leading to this high correction factor.

D71

Average per-capita construction wood and furniture consumption: no data

J71

World average forest yield is 2.6 m3 per 10'000 m2 and year. 600 kg/m3 is the average wood density. 2.2 is the waste factor

J75

The sub-total for Forest land for Housing does not include the water component because the footprint of water can be very dependent on local situations.

D80

If you are calculating the footprint for your whole household, be sure to enter all miles traveled and gas consumed by the household members. The transportation footprint is then divided equally among household members.

C84

"Person-miles" = vehicle miles x number of household members in the vehicle.

D84

Per-capita transit bus use: 7 passenger-miles/person/month

G84

For Fossil Energy Component of Transit Bus Footprint: 10000/73000 = carbon absorption ratio 3.77 = Mj/Km including embodied energy (see Transport sheet)

K84

Calculation for built-up area occupied by roads (allocated to miles travelled): 3.94*10^6 miles = total rural and urban highway miles (public roads and streets) (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 1609 = meters/mile 25 meters = estimated average width of highways and streets (2.56*10^12) = vehicle miles travelled per year in the US (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 0.3% of these total miles are bus miles (see Transport sheet).

D85

Per-capita intercity bus use: 38 passenger-miles/person/month

G85

For Fossil Energy Component of Intercity Bus Footprint: 10000/73000 = carbon absorption ratio 0.92 = Mj/Km including embodied energy (see Transport sheet)

K85


D86

Per-capita transit rail use: 7 passenger-miles/person/month

G86

For Fossil Energy Component of Transit Footprint: 10000/73000 = carbon absorption ratio 3.09 = Mj/Km including embodied energy (see Transport sheet)

K86

Calculation for built-up area occupied by transit rail travel (allocated to miles travelled): 6603 miles = total transit rail mileage (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 1609 = meters/mile 15 meters = estimated track corridor width (2.11*10^10) = total transit rail passenger miles travelled per year in the US (Bureau of Trans. Stats.)

D87

Per-capita Amtrak use: 2 passenger-miles/person/month

G87

For Fossil Energy Component of Transit Footprint: 10000/73000 = carbon absorption ratio 2.46= Mj/Km including embodied energy (see Transport sheet)

K87

Calculation for built-up area occupied by Amtrak travel (allocated to miles travelled): 25,000 miles = total Amtrak rail mileage (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 1609 = meters/mile 15 meters = estimated track corridor width (5200*10^6) = total Amtrak passenger miles travelled per year in the US (Bureau of Trans. Stats.)

C88

Enter the miles that you drove someone else's car or that you rode in someone else's car, if you were not driving. If some of these miles involved carpooling with non-household members, then only enter the mileage that can be allocated to you and other household members.

D88

Per-capita taxi/ other car/ rental use: no data

G88

73000 Mj /10000 m2 and year is the conversion ratio for fossil fuel to get the area necesary for the CO2 absorption. 35 Mj/l is the energy content of fossil fuel. 1.5 corresponds to the indirect energy consumption of car use: 15 percent is additional energy to build the car. 35 percent is the indirect energy consumed to build the physical infrastructure needed for automobile use (highways, bridges, etc.). This figure is derived thus: 50% of embodied energy consumed by government expenditures is in physical infrastructure, or, 8% of total energy consumed in the US Economy (50% of the 15% that is government consumption). This 8% for "structural" energy consumption (of which we estimate 80% is due to personal automobile use) translates into an additional 35% indirect energy consumed for transport. For the calculation see sheet "Government Footprint Analysis".

K88

Calculation for built-up area occupied by roads (allocated to miles travelled): 3.94*10^6 miles = total rural and urban highway miles (public roads and streets) (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 1609 = meters/mile 25 meters = estimated average width of highways and streets (2.56*10^12) = total vehicle highway miles travelled per year in the US (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 92.7% of these total miles are cars and light truck miles (see Transport sheet)

D89

Average US car fuel efficiency is 20 mpg.

C90

If some of these miles involved carpooling with non-household members, then only enter the mileage that can be allocated to you and other household members.

D90

Per-capita car use: 738 vehicle miles/person/ month

G90


K90

Calculation for built-up area occupied by roads (allocated to miles traveled): 3.94*10^6 miles = total rural and urban highway miles (public roads and streets) (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 1609 = meters/mile 25 meters = estimated average width of highways and streets (2.56*10^12) = total vehicle highway miles travelled per year in the US (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 92.7% of these total miles are cars and light truck miles (see Transport sheet)

D91


D92

Per-capita parts for repair: 0.2 pounds/ person/ year (this figure includes only tires and batteries)

G92

10000/73000 = carbon absorption ratio 100 = MJ/Kg parts, or the energy intensity of the parts

C93

"Person-hours" = hours of flying x number of household members on the flight.

D93

Per-capita air travel (with airlines) 0.4 passenger-hours/month/person

G93

For Fossil Energy Component of Airplane Footprint: 10000/73000 = carbon absorption ratio 3.34 = MJ/Km, including embodied energy of airport infrastructure. (see Transport sheet) 800 = Km/hr

B99

In this row you should enter not just cotton clothing, but all cotton textile and other products.

D99

Average Per-Capita Consumption of cotton textiles: 1.3 lbs/month

B100

In this row you should enter not just wool clothing, but all wool textile and other products.

D100

Average Per-Capita Consumption of wool textiles: 0.1 lb/month

B101

In this row you should enter not just synthetic fiber clothing, but all synthetic fiber textile and other products.

D101

Average Per-Capita Consumption of synthetic textiles: 0.5 lb/month

B102

This line includes all long-lasting paper and hygenic paper that is not recycled. All paper that could be recycled is counted in the waste section. This recycled paper includes free and paid-for newspapers, the mail and advertising you receive, household paper, wrapping paper etc.

D102

Average Per-Capita Consumption of Durable Paper Products and Hygenic Paper Products: 3 lbs/month

G102

For Fossil Energy Component of Paper Products: 10000/73000= Carbon Absorption Factor 35 = Energy Intensity of Paper Products 0.6 = a factor representing the fact that 60 percent of paper consumed is by the household, and another 40% is released indirectly from the commercial stream due to household activities.

J102

For Forest Component of Paper Products: 10000/2.6 = World average yield of roundwood, in m3/ha 1.65 is the ratio of roundwood needed per unit of paper. 0.6 = a factor representing the fact that 60 percent of paper consumed is by the household, and another 40% is released indirectly from the commercial stream due to household activities.

D103

Average Per-Capita Consumption of Tools and Metal Parts: 8 lbs/month

G103

10000/73000 refers to 73 Gj/ha CO2 absorption for fossil fuel. 60 is the energy intensity in Mj/kg IF($H$9="m",1,0.454) translates kilograms into pounds

D104

Average Per-Capita Consumption of Leather Products: 0.5 lb/month

D105

Average Per-Capita Consumption of Plastic Products and Photos: 10 lbs/month

D106

Average Per-Capita Consumption of Porcelain and Glass Products: 3 lbs/month

D107

Average Per-Capita Consumption of Medicine: 2 lbs/month

D108

Average Per-Capita Consumption of Hygiene Products and Cleaning Stuff: 2 lbs/month

D109

Average Per-Capita Consumption of Cigarettes: 0.4 lbs/month

K110

Built-up Land Footprint Component of Goods: 1100 m^2 is the known estimate of the built-up land footprint component of goods (which also includes wastes, sinces wastes are non-durable goods and the byproducts of durable goods). Since not all goods are present in this analysis, we estimate the built up area for each component using the following method: D149 and H149 show the fossil fuel areas for waste and goods respectively. We use these numbers to allocate proportionally the built-up area for goods and waste.


5.-SERVICES

.Postal services ..international [kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0 ..domestic [kg] 0 0 $0.00 0 0.Dry cleaning or external laundry service [$] 0 0 $0.00 0 0.Telephone [$] 0 0 $0.00 0 0.Medical insurance and services [$] 0 0 $0.00 0 0.Household insurance [$] 0 0 $0.00 0 0 0.Entertainment [$] 0 0 $0.00 0 0.Education [$] 0 0 $0.00 0 0SUB-TOTAL-5 $0.00 0 0 0 0 0 06.- WASTE (assuming everything compostable is composted, and waste = packaging)

.Household waste: enter percentage recycled in your household: ..paper and paperboard [kg] 0 0 $0.00 0 42% 0 0 ..aluminum [kg] 0 0 $0.00 0 28% 0 ..other metal [kg] 0 0 $0.00 0 35% 0 ..glass [kg] 0 0 $0.00 0 26% 0 ..plastic [kg] 0 0 $0.00 0 5% 0

SUB-TOTAL-6 0.0 0 $0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0

Equivalence Unadjusted

CORRECTION FACTORS FOR THE U.S. I) FOSSIL II) ARABLE III) PASTURE IV) FOREST V) BUILT-UP VI) SEA Factors Footprint

1.-FOOD 1.13 0.91 1.11 3.53 I) FOSSIL 1.8 823

2.-HOUSING 0.84 1.42 1.73 II) ARABLE 3.5 112

3.-TRANSPORTATION 0.91 1.94 III) PASTURE 0.4 0

4.-GOODS 3.70 1.49 1.16 1.82 IV) FOREST 1.8 05.-SERVICES 6.53 5.38 V) BUILT UP 3.5 256.-WASTE 3.70 1.82 VI) SEA 0.1 0

U.S. average fossil fuel area of goods: 1324 services: 807 waste: 1196 TOTAL - 960

Ecological Footprint Assessment: The Results

Your per capita footprint is 0 hectares.

B113

This line only covers the transportation energy of mail. The paper content is accounted for separately in the paper line. Note: count only all the mail you send out or all the mail you receive, otherwise it leads to double counting.

D114

Average Per-Capita International Postal Services: 0.2 lbs/month

D115

Average Per-Capita Domestic Postal Services: 4.0 lbs/month

B116

The laundry in the household is already accounted for through the energy use of the household, the detergents purchased and through the water use (which is not accounted for in this spread sheet). Counting all laundry here would lead to double counting.

D116

Average per-capita dry cleaning and external laundry services: no data

G116

For Fossil Energy Footprint of Dry cleaning and laundry service 6 Mj/$ = Estimated Energy Intensity

D117

Average Per-Capita Telephone service: $27 per person per month

G117

For Fossil Energy Footprint of Telephone service 1 Mj/$ = Estimated Energy Intensity

D118

Average Per-Capita Medical Insurance and services: $47 per person per month

G118

For Fossil Energy Footprint of Medical Insurance and services: 4 Mj/$ = Estimated Energy Intensity

D119

Average Per-Capita Household Insurance: $27 per person per month

G119

Assuming that half of the money goes to administration, and half insurance claims (rebuilding houses) the rebuilding houses figures are taken from the hotel category (excluding the operational energy part). Since rebuilding of houses does not include land prices, the resource intensity is doubled (assuming that half the cost of housing is land, and half is construction).

J119


D120

Average Per-Capita Entertainment (fees, admissions and services): $24 per person per month

G120

For Fossil Energy Footprint of Entertainment: 6 Mj/$ = Estimated Energy Intensity

D121

Average Per-Capita Education Services: $20 per person per month

G121

For Fossil Energy Footprint of Education: 3 Mj/$ = Estimated Energy Intensity

K122

Built-up Land Footprint Component of Services: 1100 m^2 is the known estimate of the built-up land footprint component of services. Since not all services are present in this analysis, we estimate the built up area for each component using the following method: F149 shows the fossil fuel area for services. We use this number to allocate proportionally the built-up area for services.

D125

All data from USEPA, Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste in the United States, 1996, Table 1, "Materials Generated in the Municipal Waste Stream, " Pp. 28. For explanation of formula, see note in Paper Waste cell.

B126

See note with paper products. Account only once for the paper: either on the incoming side or on the waste side.

D126

Per-Capita Paper Waste 21 lbs/person/month

G126

The energy yield (assumed to be average fossil fuel = liquid fossil fuel) is 73000 Mj/ per 10000 m2 and year. Paper has an energy intensity of 35 Mj/kg. E111 gives the yearly quantity of paper consumed. 0.6 = a factor representing the fact that 60 percent of paper consumed is by the household, and another 40% is released indirectly from the commercial stream due to household activities. (1-F120/100*0.45) calculates to what extent energy is recuperated. F120 gives the percentage of recycling in the household; 0.45 is the percentage of energy that can be saved through recycling. ("Too Good To Throw Away," NRDC)

J126


D127

Per-Capita Aluminum Waste 1 lbs/capita/month

G127

The energy yield (assumed to be average fossil fuel = liquid fossil fuel) is 73000 Mj/ per 10000 m2 and year. Aluminum has an energy intensity of 250 Mj/kg. E114 gives the yearly quantity of aluminum consumed. (1-F120/100*0.95) calculates to what extent energy is recuperated. F120 gives the percentage of recycling in the household; 0.95 is the percentage of energy that can be saved through recycling. ("Too Good To Throw Away," NRDC)

D128

Per-Capita Other Metal Waste 2 lbs/capita/month

G128

The energy yield (assumed to be average fossil fuel = liquid fossil fuel) is 73000 Mj/ per 10000 m2 and year. Magnetic metals have an energy intensity of 60 Mj/kg. E115 gives the yearly quantity of magnetic metals. (1-F120/100*0.15) calculates to what extent energy is recuperated. F120 gives the percentage of recycling in the household; 0.15 is the percentage of energy that can be saved through recycling. ("Too Good To Be True," NRDC)

D129

Per-Capita Glass Waste 5 lbs/capita/month

G129

The energy yield (assumed to be average fossil fuel = liquid fossil fuel) is 73000 Mj/ per 10000 m2 and year. Glass has an energy intensity of 15 Mj/kg. E116 gives the yearly quantity of glass consumed. (1-F120/100*0.3) calculates to what extent energy is recuperated. F120 gives the percentage of recycling in the household; 0.3 is the percentage of energy that can be saved through recycling. ("Too Good To Throw Away," NRDC)

D130

Per-Capita Plastics Waste 5 lbs/capita/month

G130

The energy yield (assumed to be average fossil fuel = liquid fossil fuel) is 73000 Mj/ per 10000 m2 and year. Plastic has an energy intensity of 50 Mj/kg. E117 gives the yearly quantity of plastic consumed. (1-F120/100*0.7) calculates to what extent energy is recuperated. F120 gives the percentage of recycling in the household; 0.7 is the percentage of energy that can be saved through recycling. ("Too Good to Be Throw Away," NRDC)

L135

This column shows the primary biomass equivalence factors. The ratio between them represents their relative capacity to produce biomass. In addition, they are scaled by a factor that keeps the global capacity constant. A factor of 3.2 means that this land category is 3.2 times more productive than world average (bio-productive) land. For details on the equivalence factor calculations, see the "World" sheet of the EF-1996.xls file.

M135

These figures represent the areas of occupied ecologically productive space just added up.

B136

Attention! The cells in this block need to be copied onto themselves as values rather than formulas for the household calcuation sheet. The Correction factors calibrate this household footprint spreadsheet with the overall US average Footprint spreadsheet, so that the "average" footprints are equal using both assessment methods. The first term in each equation represents the square meters required for that sector of consumption in that land use category.

D137

8300 comes from the US footprint land use- consumption matrix (see EFUS96.xls). It represents the total square meters of the energy footprint of food.

H148

One hectare contains 10'000 square meters or 2.47 acres.


expressed in average land with world average productivity [in square meters]

I) FOSSIL II) ARABLE III) PASTURE IV) FOREST V) BUILT-UP VI) SEA TOTALCATEGORIES ENERGY LD. LAND LAND1.-FOOD 0 0 0 0 0 0 02.-HOUSING 0 0 0 0 0 0 03.-TRANSPORTATION 0 0 0 0 0 0 04.-GOODS 1,443 396 0 0 90 0 1,9295.-SERVICES 0 0 0 0 0 0 06.-WASTE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 1,443 396 0 0 90 0 1,929

Ecological Footprint distribution

I) FOSSIL II) ARABLE III) PASTURE IV) FOREST V) BUILT-UP VI) SEA TOTALCATEGORIES ENERGY LD. LAND LAND1.-FOOD 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%2.-HOUSING 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%3.-TRANSPORTATION 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%4.-GOODS 75% 21% 0% 0% 5% 0% 100%5.-SERVICES 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%6.-WASTE 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

TOTAL 75% 21% 0% 0% 5% 0% 100%

The Ecological Footprint per household member (presented as a land-use consumption matrix)

Assess your Household's Ecological Footprint

First, choose whether you want to work with metric or US measurements.


Number of people in the household:

CATEGORIES1.-FOOD

Enter percentage of food purchased that is wasted rather than eaten in your household.How much of the food that you buy is locally grown, unprocessed and in-season?

.Veggies, potatoes & fruit

.Bread and bakery products

.Flour, rice, noodles, cereal products

.Beans and other dried pulses

.Milk, cream, yogurt, sour cream

.Ice cream, other frozen dairy

.Cheese, butter

.Eggs [assumed to be 50 g each]

.Meat ..Pork ..Chicken, turkey ..Beef (grain fed) ..Beef (pasture fed).Fish.Sugar.Vegetable oil & fat ..solid ..liquid.Coffee & tea.Juice & wine.Beer.Garden [area used for food].Eating out SUB-TOTAL-12.-HOUSING

.House [living area] ..wooden house (US standard) ..brick house.Yard [or total lot size incl. building]. Hotels, Motels.Electricity (also check composition--see note) enter as fraction. ex. 25% = 0.25

..thermally produced (fossil and nuclear)

B12

With the exception of the sub-categories 'Eating Out' and 'Garden Area,' all sub-categories in the FOOD section should include only food being brought into the household from an outside source (i.e., not homegrown food).

B21

include canned and other prepared fruits and vegetables

B49

isnin: rumah bata

B50

Register the entire lot size, including the space the building sits on. If the lot is shared by a number of households (such as in apartment buildings), divide the lot area by the number of households. True wilderness areas which are preserved forever and which are part of the property are not counted as an additional footprint. These spaces are considered to be a biodiversity area in service of humanity as a whole.

B52

For composition of electricity: Your local electricity provider should be able to give you a breakdown of the composition of electricity generation for your electricity use (usually this information is sent with your electricity bill). For instance, the following breakdown is the "1999 California Power Mix" provided by Pacific Gas and Electric: 67% coal, nat. gas and nuclear (thermal) 20% large hydroelectric (low-altitude) 3% small hydroelectric (high-altitude) 2% wind 1% solar 2% biomass 5% geothermal

..lower course hydro

..high altitude hydro

..PV solar (on existing roof areas)

..PV solar (on newly built-up area)

..wind

..geothermal

..biomass.Fossil gas (natural gas) ..city gas ..bottled liquid petroleum gas (e.g. propane).Liquid fossil fuel (fuel oil, kerosene).Coal.Water (not included since it depends on local circumstances).Water, sewer, garbage service.Straw.Firewood.Constr. wood & furniture.Major appliances.Computers and electronic equipment.Small appliancesSUB-TOTAL-2

CATEGORIES3.- TRANSPORTATION

.Bus, transit

.Bus, intercity

.Train, transit

.Train, intercity (Amtrak)

.Taxi / rental/ other's caraverage fuel efficiency

.Car (your own)average fuel efficiency

.Parts for repair

.Airplane(e)conomy, (b)usiness or (f)irst class?

SUB-TOTAL-34.-GOODS

.Clothes and textiles (if bought used, count them at 1/3 of their weight) ..cotton ..wool ..fossil based (synthetic)Durable paper products (books) and hygenic paper products (toilet/tissue paper).Metal items, tools.Leather.Plastic products and photos.Porcelain, glass.Medicine.Hygiene products, cleaning stuff

B85

isnin: intercity: antar kota

B99

In this row you should enter not just cotton clothing, but all cotton textile and other products.

B100

In this row you should enter not just wool clothing, but all wool textile and other products.

B101

In this row you should enter not just synthetic fiber clothing, but all synthetic fiber textile and other products.

B102

This line includes all long-lasting paper and hygenic paper that is not recycled. All paper that could be recycled is counted in the waste section. This recycled paper includes free and paid-for newspapers, the mail and advertising you receive, household paper, wrapping paper etc.

.Cigarettes, other tobacco productsSUB-TOTAL-45.-SERVICES

.Postal services ..international ..domestic.Dry cleaning or external laundry service .Telephone.Medical insurance and services.Household insurance.Entertainment.EducationSUB-TOTAL-56.- WASTE (assuming everything compostable is composted, and waste = packaging)

.Household waste: ..paper and paperboard ..aluminum ..other metal ..glass ..plastic

SUB-TOTAL-6

CORRECTION FACTORS FOR THE U.S.

1.-FOOD

2.-HOUSING

3.-TRANSPORTATION

4.-GOODS5.-SERVICES6.-WASTE

U.S. average fossil fuel area of


The Ecological Footprint per household member (presented as a land-use consumption matrix)

B113

This line only covers the transportation energy of mail. The paper content is accounted for separately in the paper line. Note: count only all the mail you send out or all the mail you receive, otherwise it leads to double counting.

B116

The laundry in the household is already accounted for through the energy use of the household, the detergents purchased and through the water use (which is not accounted for in this spread sheet). Counting all laundry here would lead to double counting.

B126

See note with paper products. Account only once for the paper: either on the incoming side or on the waste side.

B136

Attention! The cells in this block need to be copied onto themselves as values rather than formulas for the household calcuation sheet. The Correction factors calibrate this household footprint spreadsheet with the overall US average Footprint spreadsheet, so that the "average" footprints are equal using both assessment methods. The first term in each equation represents the square meters required for that sector of consumption in that land use category.

CATEGORIES1.-FOOD2.-HOUSING3.-TRANSPORTATION4.-GOODS5.-SERVICES6.-WASTE

TOTAL

Ecological Footprint distribution

CATEGORIES1.-FOOD2.-HOUSING3.-TRANSPORTATION4.-GOODS5.-SERVICES6.-WASTE

TOTAL

Note: The ecological footprint does not document our entire impact on nature. It only includes those aspects of our waste production and resource consumption that could potentially be sustainable. In other words, it shows those resources that within given limits can be regenerated and those wastes that at sufficiently low levels can be absorbed by the biosphere. For all activities that are systematically in contradiction with sustainability, however, there is no footprint, since nature cannot cope with them. There is no sustainable regenerative rate for substances such as heavy metals, persistent organic and inorganic toxins, radioactive materials, or bio-hazardous waste. For a sustainable world, their use needs to be phased out. In other words, the above footprint calculation assumes that the person being assessed engages in none of these systematically unsustainable activities, be it for example the release of CFCs, the unsafe disposal of motor oil, or the purchase, use and disposal of other harmful household chemicals.

by Mathis Wackernagel, Ritik Dholakia, Diana Deumling, and Dick Richardson, Redefining Progress, v 2.0, March 2000


Number of people in the household: 1

AMOUNT eqv. amount Dollars I) FOSSILUnits per month per year spent (mth) ENERGY

26% ( 26 percent is the national average)b a.

b.c.

100% d.e.

[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[l] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[l] 0.0 0 $0.00 0

[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[number] 0 0 $0.00 0

[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0

[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[l] 0.0 0 $0.00 0

[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[l] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[l] 0.0 0 $0.00 0

[m2] 0.0 0[$] 0 0 $0.00 0

$0.00 0

[m2] 0 0 $0.00 0[m2] 0 0 $0.00 0[m2] 0 0 $0.00 [$] 0 0 $0.00 0

[kWh] 0 0 $0.00

88% 0

F10

Enter in this column your monthly expenditure in each category

G10

Unless otherwise noted, the Fossil Energy component of the household footprint follows this formula: (Carbon sequestration ratio) * (Energy intensity) * (Waste factor, if needed) * (Quantity in metric or US standard) * (Metric conversion factor, if needed) or (m^2/Gj) * (Gj/Kg) * (Kg) Other terms found in specific formulas are explained in cell notes.

D12

Average US per-capita food consumption data, unless otherwise noted, is for 1997 and taken directly from: Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-97, USDA Economic Research Service (ERS), http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/, Tables 1-41: Per Capita Food Consumption, 1970-97

G14

see: "Estimating and Addressing America's Food Losses," Food Review, Jan-April 1997, USDA, ERS

D21

Per-capita average consumption of veggies, potatoes and fruit: 48.7 lbs/month

D22

Per-capita average consumption of bread: 7.8 lbs/month

D23

Per-capita average consumption of rice, cereals, noodles: 8.9 lbs/month

D24

Per-capita average consumption of beans: 0.7 lbs/month

D25

Per-capita average consumption of milk, cream, yogurt, sour cream: 9.1 qts/month

D26

Per-capita average consumption of ice cream: 1.2 quarts per month

D27

Per-capita average consumption of cheese, butter: 2.7 lbs/month

D28

Per-capita average consumption of eggs: 20 eggs/month

G28

Fossil energy footprint of eggs: 0.05 refers to 1 egg = 50g =.05 kg

D30

Per-capita average consumption of pork: 3.8 lbs/month

D31

Per-capita average consumption of chicken, turkey: 5.4 lbs/month

D32

Per-capita average consumption of beef (pasture and grain): 5.4 lbs/month

D34

Per-capita average consumption of fish: 1.2 lbs/month

D35

Per-capita average consumption of sugar: 5.5 lbs/month

D37

Per-capita average consumption of solid veg. fats: 2.5 lbs/month

D38

Per-capita average consumption of liquid vegetable oils: 1.2 qts/month

G38

Fossil energy footprint of liquid vegetable oil and fat: 0.8 = estimated density of vegetable oil (kg/l)

D39

Per-capita average consumption of tea & coffee: 0.8 lbs/month

C40

A standard bottle of wine contains 0.75 liters or 0.75/1.06 = 0.7 quarts

D40

Per-capita average consumption of juice & wine: 3.0 quarts/month

D41

Per-capita average consumption of beer: 7.3 quarts/month

D42

Per-capita average garden area: no data

D43

Per-capita spending on food and drink consumed outside the house: estimated to be $68 per month

G43

Fossil energy component of eating out: 10000/73000 = Carbon absorption factor (m^2/Mj) 8 Mj/$ spent on food eaten out (estimate)

D48

Per-capita average housing unit size: 1525 sq/ft @ 2.62 people per house =582 sq. ft./person

G48

The life-cycle embodied energy of a standard Canadian house with 350 square meters of living space adds up to 1'310 Gj (Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation, OPTIMIZE, 1991, researched by Sheltair). Life-expectancy of the house is 40 years.

G49

The life-cycle embodied energy of a standard Canadian house with 350 square meters of living space adds up to 1'310 Gj (Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation, OPTIMIZE, 1991, researched by Sheltair). Life-expectancy of a brick building may be 70 years. The standard house is to a significant part a wood based construction. However, once redoing the calculation for a brick based construction, the embodied energy content comes to about the same.

D50

Per-capita lot size: Median single detached house lot size = 0.35 acres, or 15246 sq. ft. Average household size : 2.62 Square feet/person: 5819 However, this only accounts for single detached houses, and would need to be adjusted downward slightly to account for apartments and smaller units.

D51

Per-capita expenditure on Hotels, Motels, Camping: $464/hhld Hhld size = 2.6 = $15 /month

G51

Hotel energy costs are estimated from the average resource use of households. We assume an average wooden house in the US (with the land) would cost 150,000 dollars and has 2000 square feet. This corresponds to a monthly mortgage cost of 1000 dollars. In addition, each square foot may use the equivalent of 36 Mj of energy per year, including hot water and electricity, or 3 per month times 2000 square feet = 6000 Mj/month, or 6 Mj per dollar. Apart from the energy aspect, if you enter 1000 dollars a month, you should get the same result as a 2,000 square foot house. If you delete the second term in the energy column (which corresponds to the 6 Mj per dollar operational energy), the energy column also should be the same.

D52

Per-capita electricity consumption: 323 kWh/capita/month

D54

Per capita average breakdown of electricity generation in the US: Fossil-based and nuclear: 88% hydroelectric: 10% Other renewables: 2% (geothermal 0.4, wood 1.1, waste 0.6, wind 0.1, solar 0.03) The distribution will vary by region. Contact your electricity provider to find out your local electricity breakdown (see cell B56).

G54

Fossil energy footprint of thermally produced electricity: 3.6 = energy intensity of production 0.3 = amount of energy transfer due to energy loss in conversion from the primary energy source to electricity (in generating and delivering electricity, 70% of the energy is lost). D58 = component of total electricity generated from thermal sources

9%

1%

0%

0.03%

0.1%

0.4%

1.5%

[m3] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[l] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[l] 0.0 0 $0.00 0

[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[m3] 0 0 $0.00 [$] 0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0

$0.00 0

Footprint Calculation Matrix for Households

AMOUNT eqv. amount Dollars I) FOSSILUnits per month per year spent (mth) ENERGY

[pers.*km] 0 0 $0.00 0[pers.*km] 0 0 $0.00 0[pers.*km] 0 0 $0.00 0[pers.*km] 0 0 $0.00 0

[km] 0 0 $0.00 0[liters] 20[km] 0 0 $0.00 0

[liters] 20[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0

[pers.*hours] 0.0 0.0 $0.00 0e

$0.00 0

[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0 0 $0.00 0

C63

There are 1.1 Therms per CCF. CCF are one hundred cubic feet. Check over how many days (or months) you are billed. For example, if the bill stretches over 40 days, divide the amount by 40 and multiply by 30 to get the monthly amount. If you receive the bill bi-monthly, just divide the amount by two. Note that gas consumption varies considerably with the season.

D63

Per-capita natural gas consumption: 17.6 Therms/person/month

G63

World average growing forests can absorb per hectare the carbon of 96 Gj/yr of gas. Therefore, in this calculation: 10000/96000 gives the inverse of the carbon absorption capacity of world average forests in [m2*yr/Mj]. 29.3 gives kWh per Therm 3.6 gives Mj/kWh 1/0.3048^3/100 translates m3 into CCF Here's a second way of calculating it: 1 m3 of gas contains the energy of 8.905 Mcal corresponding to 4.184 more Mj.

D64

Average per-capita LPG consumption: 1.2 gallons/person/month

G64

The fossil gas footprint is 96 Gj per 10,000 m2 and year. One liter of LPG contains about 25 Mj.

D65

Average per-capita fuel oil consumption: 2.4 gallons/person/month

D68

Average Per-Capita Water, sewer, garbage service: $9 per person per month

G68

For Fossil Energy Footprint of water, sewer, garbage service 12 Mj/$ = Estimated Energy Intensity

D69

Average per-capita straw consumption: no data

C70

A cord of wood is 80 cubic feet (roughly 3 x 4 x 7 feet), and contains roughly 3000 pounds of dry wood.

D70

Average per-capita firewood consumption: .08 cords/year, or 240 pounds

D71

Average per-capita construction wood and furniture consumption: no data

D80

If you are calculating the footprint for your whole household, be sure to enter all miles traveled and gas consumed by the household members. The transportation footprint is then divided equally among household members.

C84

"Person-miles" = vehicle miles x number of household members in the vehicle.

D84

Per-capita transit bus use: 7 passenger-miles/person/month

G84

For Fossil Energy Component of Transit Bus Footprint: 10000/73000 = carbon absorption ratio 3.77 = Mj/Km including embodied energy (see Transport sheet)

D85

Per-capita intercity bus use: 38 passenger-miles/person/month

G85

For Fossil Energy Component of Intercity Bus Footprint: 10000/73000 = carbon absorption ratio 0.92 = Mj/Km including embodied energy (see Transport sheet)

D86

Per-capita transit rail use: 7 passenger-miles/person/month

G86

For Fossil Energy Component of Transit Footprint: 10000/73000 = carbon absorption ratio 3.09 = Mj/Km including embodied energy (see Transport sheet)

D87

Per-capita Amtrak use: 2 passenger-miles/person/month

G87

For Fossil Energy Component of Transit Footprint: 10000/73000 = carbon absorption ratio 2.46= Mj/Km including embodied energy (see Transport sheet)

C88

Enter the miles that you drove someone else's car or that you rode in someone else's car, if you were not driving. If some of these miles involved carpooling with non-household members, then only enter the mileage that can be allocated to you and other household members.

D88

Per-capita taxi/ other car/ rental use: no data

G88


D89


C90

If some of these miles involved carpooling with non-household members, then only enter the mileage that can be allocated to you and other household members.

D90

Per-capita car use: 738 vehicle miles/person/ month

G90


D91


D92

Per-capita parts for repair: 0.2 pounds/ person/ year (this figure includes only tires and batteries)

G92

10000/73000 = carbon absorption ratio 100 = MJ/Kg parts, or the energy intensity of the parts

C93

"Person-hours" = hours of flying x number of household members on the flight.

D93

Per-capita air travel (with airlines) 0.4 passenger-hours/month/person

G93

For Fossil Energy Component of Airplane Footprint: 10000/73000 = carbon absorption ratio 3.34 = MJ/Km, including embodied energy of airport infrastructure. (see Transport sheet) 800 = Km/hr

D99

Average Per-Capita Consumption of cotton textiles: 1.3 lbs/month

D100

Average Per-Capita Consumption of wool textiles: 0.1 lb/month

D101

Average Per-Capita Consumption of synthetic textiles: 0.5 lb/month

D102

Average Per-Capita Consumption of Durable Paper Products and Hygenic Paper Products: 3 lbs/month

G102

For Fossil Energy Component of Paper Products: 10000/73000= Carbon Absorption Factor 35 = Energy Intensity of Paper Products 0.6 = a factor representing the fact that 60 percent of paper consumed is by the household, and another 40% is released indirectly from the commercial stream due to household activities.

D103

Average Per-Capita Consumption of Tools and Metal Parts: 8 lbs/month

G103

10000/73000 refers to 73 Gj/ha CO2 absorption for fossil fuel. 60 is the energy intensity in Mj/kg IF($H$9="m",1,0.454) translates kilograms into pounds

D104

Average Per-Capita Consumption of Leather Products: 0.5 lb/month

D105

Average Per-Capita Consumption of Plastic Products and Photos: 10 lbs/month

D106

Average Per-Capita Consumption of Porcelain and Glass Products: 3 lbs/month

D107

Average Per-Capita Consumption of Medicine: 2 lbs/month

D108

Average Per-Capita Consumption of Hygiene Products and Cleaning Stuff: 2 lbs/month

[kg] 1.0 12 $0.00 205$0.00 205

[kg] 0.0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0 0 $0.00 0 [$] 0 0 $0.00 0 [$] 0 0 $0.00 0 [$] 0 0 $0.00 0 [$] 0 0 $0.00 0 [$] 0 0 $0.00 0 [$] 0 0 $0.00 0

$0.00 0

enter percentage recycled in your household:[kg] 0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0 0 $0.00 0[kg] 0 0 $0.00 0

0.0 0 $0.00 0

I) FOSSIL II) ARABLE III) PASTURE IV) FOREST

1.13 0.91 1.11

0.84 1.42

0.91

3.70 1.49 1.16 1.826.53 5.383.70 1.82

goods: 1324 services: 807 waste:


Your per capita footprint is 0

(presented as a land-use consumption matrix)

D109

Average Per-Capita Consumption of Cigarettes: 0.4 lbs/month

D114

Average Per-Capita International Postal Services: 0.2 lbs/month

D115

Average Per-Capita Domestic Postal Services: 4.0 lbs/month

D116

Average per-capita dry cleaning and external laundry services: no data

G116

For Fossil Energy Footprint of Dry cleaning and laundry service 6 Mj/$ = Estimated Energy Intensity

D117

Average Per-Capita Telephone service: $27 per person per month

G117

For Fossil Energy Footprint of Telephone service 1 Mj/$ = Estimated Energy Intensity

D118

Average Per-Capita Medical Insurance and services: $47 per person per month

G118

For Fossil Energy Footprint of Medical Insurance and services: 4 Mj/$ = Estimated Energy Intensity

D119

Average Per-Capita Household Insurance: $27 per person per month

G119

Assuming that half of the money goes to administration, and half insurance claims (rebuilding houses) the rebuilding houses figures are taken from the hotel category (excluding the operational energy part). Since rebuilding of houses does not include land prices, the resource intensity is doubled (assuming that half the cost of housing is land, and half is construction).

D120

Average Per-Capita Entertainment (fees, admissions and services): $24 per person per month

G120

For Fossil Energy Footprint of Entertainment: 6 Mj/$ = Estimated Energy Intensity

D121

Average Per-Capita Education Services: $20 per person per month

G121

For Fossil Energy Footprint of Education: 3 Mj/$ = Estimated Energy Intensity

D125

All data from USEPA, Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste in the United States, 1996, Table 1, "Materials Generated in the Municipal Waste Stream, " Pp. 28. For explanation of formula, see note in Paper Waste cell.

D126

Per-Capita Paper Waste 21 lbs/person/month

G126

The energy yield (assumed to be average fossil fuel = liquid fossil fuel) is 73000 Mj/ per 10000 m2 and year. Paper has an energy intensity of 35 Mj/kg. E111 gives the yearly quantity of paper consumed. 0.6 = a factor representing the fact that 60 percent of paper consumed is by the household, and another 40% is released indirectly from the commercial stream due to household activities. (1-F120/100*0.45) calculates to what extent energy is recuperated. F120 gives the percentage of recycling in the household; 0.45 is the percentage of energy that can be saved through recycling. ("Too Good To Throw Away," NRDC)

D127

Per-Capita Aluminum Waste 1 lbs/capita/month

G127

The energy yield (assumed to be average fossil fuel = liquid fossil fuel) is 73000 Mj/ per 10000 m2 and year. Aluminum has an energy intensity of 250 Mj/kg. E114 gives the yearly quantity of aluminum consumed. (1-F120/100*0.95) calculates to what extent energy is recuperated. F120 gives the percentage of recycling in the household; 0.95 is the percentage of energy that can be saved through recycling. ("Too Good To Throw Away," NRDC)

D128

Per-Capita Other Metal Waste 2 lbs/capita/month

G128

The energy yield (assumed to be average fossil fuel = liquid fossil fuel) is 73000 Mj/ per 10000 m2 and year. Magnetic metals have an energy intensity of 60 Mj/kg. E115 gives the yearly quantity of magnetic metals. (1-F120/100*0.15) calculates to what extent energy is recuperated. F120 gives the percentage of recycling in the household; 0.15 is the percentage of energy that can be saved through recycling. ("Too Good To Be True," NRDC)

D129

Per-Capita Glass Waste 5 lbs/capita/month

G129

The energy yield (assumed to be average fossil fuel = liquid fossil fuel) is 73000 Mj/ per 10000 m2 and year. Glass has an energy intensity of 15 Mj/kg. E116 gives the yearly quantity of glass consumed. (1-F120/100*0.3) calculates to what extent energy is recuperated. F120 gives the percentage of recycling in the household; 0.3 is the percentage of energy that can be saved through recycling. ("Too Good To Throw Away," NRDC)

D130

Per-Capita Plastics Waste 5 lbs/capita/month

G130

The energy yield (assumed to be average fossil fuel = liquid fossil fuel) is 73000 Mj/ per 10000 m2 and year. Plastic has an energy intensity of 50 Mj/kg. E117 gives the yearly quantity of plastic consumed. (1-F120/100*0.7) calculates to what extent energy is recuperated. F120 gives the percentage of recycling in the household; 0.7 is the percentage of energy that can be saved through recycling. ("Too Good to Be Throw Away," NRDC)

D137

8300 comes from the US footprint land use- consumption matrix (see EFUS96.xls). It represents the total square meters of the energy footprint of food.


I) FOSSIL II) ARABLE III) PASTURE IV) FORESTENERGY LD. LAND

0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0

1,443 396 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0

1,443 396 0 0

I) FOSSIL II) ARABLE III) PASTURE IV) FORESTENERGY LD. LAND

0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0%

75% 21% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0% 0%

75% 21% 0% 0%


by Mathis Wackernagel, Ritik Dholakia, Diana Deumling, and Dick Richardson, Redefining Progress, v 2.0, March 2000

m : put "m" for metric, "s" for US standard

(land and sea space in square meters)

II) ARABLE III) PASTURE IV) FOREST V) BUILT-UP VI) SEALAND LAND

( 26 percent is the national average)Most food we buy is packaged, out of season and from far away.About a quarterAbout halfAbout three quartersMost all the food we get is locally grown, unprocessed, and in-season.

0 sayuran, kentang, dan buah2an000 kacang-kacangan kering

00 lbs:pound0 qts: quarts

0

000 0

00

0

0000000 00 0 0 0 0

00

00

H10

Unless otherwise noted, the Arable Land component of the household footprint follows this formula: (World average yield) * (Conversion factor from primary to secondary product, i.e., wheat to bread) * (Quantity in metric or US standard) * (Metric conversion factor, if needed) or (m^2/kg primary product) * (kg primary product/kg secondary product) * (kg secondary product) The conversion factor from primary to secondary product is only included for secondary (manufactured) products. Other terms found in specific formulas are explained in cell notes.

I10

Unless otherwise noted, the Pasture Land component of the household footprint follows this formula: (World average yield) * (Conversion factor from primary to secondary product, i.e., milk to cheese) * (Quantity in metric or US standard) * (Metric conversion factor, if needed) or (m^2/kg primary product) * (kg primary product/kg secondary product) * (kg secondary product) The conversion factor from primary to secondary product is only included for secondary (manufactured) products (bread, cheese, etc.). Other terms found in specific formulas are explained in cell notes.

H28

Arable land footprint of eggs: 0.05 refers to 1 egg = 50g =.05 kg

I32

Grass-fed beef compared to grain-fed beef: The grain-fed beef spends much of its life on grass before it goes into the feedlot. Therefore, we assume that about 65-75% of the pasture for grass-fed beef should still be "charged" against grain-fed beef. The great difference, of course, is the omission of grain, but the comparison still should be larger by the amount of pasture needed for growing the animal until it goes into the feedlot. In reality, the time in the feedlot still requires hay, which is harvested from pasture in many cases, and a case may be made that this is even more energetically expensive because of the haying and hauling operations. For more realistic data, a lifecycle analysis of both pasture-fed and grain-fed cattle is necessary. Note that it is also possible to use the cattle in ecological restoration programs, and then consume them after their use as a "tool" is fulfilled. This effectively would put the livestock into a category that increases "wildlife" resources. While this is rarely practiced today, it is an example of humans living synergistically with other species and compatibly with healthy ecosystems. The trade-off would be between human consumption and consumption by carnivores or other omnivores. Of course, the resources used in meat processing, distribution and preparation for human consumption would remain as an ecological footprint component.

L34

1.25 = bycatch factor

H38

Arable land footprint of liquid vegetable oil and fat: 0.8 = estimated density of vegetable oil (kg/l)

H43

Arable land footprint of food away from home: Value computed by taking the arable footprint of average per capita food consumption without dining out (SUM(H26:H47)) per day (/365), and assuming that each meal eaten out provides one half of the day's nutritional content (*.5). Assumes that every $6 spent is roughly equivalent to one meal. Alternate method: (58/12) = m^2 of arable land per meal. Value computed using estimates of total daily calories consumed per meal eaten out as well as estimated relative vegetable and meat compositions of each meal.

I43

Pasture footprint of dining out: Value computed by taking the pasture footprint of average per capita food consumption without dining out (SUM(I26:I47)) per day (/365), and assuming that each meal eaten out provides one half of the day's nutritional content (*.5). Assumes that every $6 spent is roughly equivalent to one meal. Alternate method: (273/12) = m^2 of pasture per meal. Value computed using estimates of total daily calories consumed per meal eaten out as well as estimated relative vegetable and meat compositions of each meal.

J48


J49


J51


0

0

0

0

0

000

0 0 0 0 0

.....CONTINUED page #2 of 3

(land and sea space in square meters)II) ARABLE III) PASTURE IV) FOREST V) BUILT-UP VI) SEA

LAND LAND

0.00.0

000

0

0 0 0 0 0

0 00 0

00 0

00 0

0000

K55

Built-up footprint of lower course hydro: (From "Our Ecological Footprint," by M. Wackernagel and W. Rees) 10000/200000 = square meters of built-up land per Mj 3.6 = Mj/kWh

I56

For Pasture Footprint of Higher Course Hydro: (From "Our Ecological Footprint," by M. Wackernagel and W. Rees) 10000/15000000 = square meters of pasture land per MJ 3.6 = MJ/kWh

K57

This area not included since roof area already counted in built area category. (underestimates since embodied energy of PV not yet included)

K58

Assumes that 3000 kWh can be produced from 24 m2 of PV panels (0.75 roughly estimates the embodied energy of PV).

K59

For now, we assign wind energy the same footprint as PV. This formula will change once we are able to calculate the footprint of wind energy.

J67

The following note explains how the footprint was calculated. The forest component of water is not included in the overall accounting, however, becasue the water footprint can vary according to local situations. In humid areas (like the ones around Xalapa, Mexico), forests can generate in wells and springs about 1'500 m3 of fresh water per hectare and year. Pastures, in contrast, only generate one tenth of this amount. This at a precipitation level of 15'000 m3 per hectare and year (Secretaría de Desarollo Agropecuario y Pescua, SEDAP, Xalapa 1998). In places like British Columbia, this water use may be a secondary function of forest use. In Xalapa, however, at the margin, this water production becomes the primary use of the forest area - therefore, it needs to be added to the footprint.

H69

Straw is calculated at the rate the removed biomass can be replaced (to make sure there is no nutrient loss on the field where the straw is grown). As a first approximation, we use cereals biomass productivity as a proxy of bioproductivity potential. On world average land, this productivity is approximately the double of the cereal harvest. Hence, the productivity is 2 * 2641 kg per 10'000 m2 and year.

J70

World average forest yield is 2.6 m3 per 10'000 m2 and year. 600 kg/m3 is the average wood density. 0.53 is the waste factor for fire wood. It means that for each kg of firewood one needs 0.53 kg of roundwood. In this category, the waste factor is significantly smaller than 1 since about twice as much firewood can be produced than roundwood per m2 and year. /2.4: the results are divided by the correction factor for the forest footprint of housing. The reason is that the true footprint of firewood can be calculated quite accurately - while the big error leading to this high correction factor.

J71

World average forest yield is 2.6 m3 per 10'000 m2 and year. 600 kg/m3 is the average wood density. 2.2 is the waste factor

J75

The sub-total for Forest land for Housing does not include the water component because the footprint of water can be very dependent on local situations.

K84


K85


K86

Calculation for built-up area occupied by transit rail travel (allocated to miles travelled): 6603 miles = total transit rail mileage (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 1609 = meters/mile 15 meters = estimated track corridor width (2.11*10^10) = total transit rail passenger miles travelled per year in the US (Bureau of Trans. Stats.)

K87

Calculation for built-up area occupied by Amtrak travel (allocated to miles travelled): 25,000 miles = total Amtrak rail mileage (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 1609 = meters/mile 15 meters = estimated track corridor width (5200*10^6) = total Amtrak passenger miles travelled per year in the US (Bureau of Trans. Stats.)

K88

Calculation for built-up area occupied by roads (allocated to miles travelled): 3.94*10^6 miles = total rural and urban highway miles (public roads and streets) (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 1609 = meters/mile 25 meters = estimated average width of highways and streets (2.56*10^12) = total vehicle highway miles travelled per year in the US (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 92.7% of these total miles are cars and light truck miles (see Transport sheet)

K90

Calculation for built-up area occupied by roads (allocated to miles traveled): 3.94*10^6 miles = total rural and urban highway miles (public roads and streets) (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 1609 = meters/mile 25 meters = estimated average width of highways and streets (2.56*10^12) = total vehicle highway miles travelled per year in the US (Bureau of Trans. Stats.) 92.7% of these total miles are cars and light truck miles (see Transport sheet)

J102


75 2575 0 0 25 0

00000

0 000

0 0 0 0 0

enter percentage recycled in your household:42% 0 028% 035% 026% 0

5% 0

0 0 0 0 0

Equivalence Unadjusted

V) BUILT-UP VI) SEA Factors Footprint

3.53 I) FOSSIL 1.8 823

1.73 II) ARABLE 3.5 112

1.94 III) PASTURE 0.4 0

IV) FOREST 1.8 0V) BUILT UP 3.5 25VI) SEA 0.1 0

1196 TOTAL - 960

hectares.

K110

Built-up Land Footprint Component of Goods: 1100 m^2 is the known estimate of the built-up land footprint component of goods (which also includes wastes, sinces wastes are non-durable goods and the byproducts of durable goods). Since not all goods are present in this analysis, we estimate the built up area for each component using the following method: D149 and H149 show the fossil fuel areas for waste and goods respectively. We use these numbers to allocate proportionally the built-up area for goods and waste.

J119


K122

Built-up Land Footprint Component of Services: 1100 m^2 is the known estimate of the built-up land footprint component of services. Since not all services are present in this analysis, we estimate the built up area for each component using the following method: F149 shows the fossil fuel area for services. We use this number to allocate proportionally the built-up area for services.

J126


L135

This column shows the primary biomass equivalence factors. The ratio between them represents their relative capacity to produce biomass. In addition, they are scaled by a factor that keeps the global capacity constant. A factor of 3.2 means that this land category is 3.2 times more productive than world average (bio-productive) land. For details on the equivalence factor calculations, see the "World" sheet of the EF-1996.xls file.

M135

These figures represent the areas of occupied ecologically productive space just added up.

H148

One hectare contains 10'000 square meters or 2.47 acres.


V) BUILT-UP VI) SEA TOTALLAND

0 0 00 0 00 0 0

90 0 1,9290 0 00 0 0

90 0 1,929

V) BUILT-UP VI) SEA TOTALLAND

0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0%5% 0% 100%0% 0% 0%0% 0% 0%

5% 0% 100%


sayuran, kentang, dan buah2an

kacang-kacangan kering

Constants and Conversion Factors

Carbon absorption factor 10000/73000

(m^2/kj/yr)

Pre-purchase food loss 1.1

Structural consumption 1.0825

Weight conversion (kg/lb) 0.454Area conversion (acres/ha) 2.47Area conversion (m^2/ft^2) 0.093

Volume conversion (l/qt) 0.946

Q136

For calculation, see "global EF 1961-97.xls", Sheet CO2 abs, column BD, row 46. This ratio is calculated by the following formula: 73 = 1000 / 20 * 0.9563 / 0.65 where 20 = carbon emission factor of coal, in t carbon/ Tj 0.9563 = carbon absorption of world average forest in [t/ha/yr] including roots and 0.65 = 65% = percentage of CO2 not absorbed by oceans

Q138

Waste factor for food: USDA figures reveal that there is on average a ten percent difference between farm weight and retail weight. The 1.10 in the equations above represents this value.

footprint.xls

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