Fire Suppression Options and Update · 2018-07-05 · Dr Sarah Colwell, Director Fire Suppression...

www.redbooklive.com

Dr Sarah Colwell, Director Fire Suppression

Fire Suppression Options and Update

Firex

Excel, London

20th June 2018

this line this line

No text beyond No text beyond

Topics

Fire Strategy

Fire Principles

Fire Suppression Options

3rd Party Approval

Questions

this line this line


What is the risk being

addressed?

– Life Safety

– Property Protection– Insurance Industry

– Business Interruption

Fire Safety Objective

Life safety

Property Protection

Business interruption

Duration of Fire

Temperature

this line this line


Holistic Approach

Risk

Mitigation

Putting into practice

Training

Maintenanceand review

Fire Principles

this line this line


Fuel

Oxygen

Heat

The Fire Triangle

All three components are required for a sustained fire

Fire Suppression Options

this line this line


Fire Protection Approach

this line this line


Which codes and standards?

Life safety

Property Protection

Business interruption

Duration of Fire

Temperature

Local ApplicationCompartment

Protection

Local Protection

this line this line


– Manual Intervention

– Local Detection

– Portable Extinguishers (EN3 Standard)

– Hose Reels

– Automatic Intervention

– Direct Low Pressure Systems (LPS 1666)

– Kitchen Fire Suppression (LPS 1223)

Local protection

this line this line


Direct Low Pressure (LPS1666)

– Protection of small unoccupied defined volume enclosures

– Single method for detection and delivery of the extinguishing agent to the

activation point

– Using heat sensitive pneumatic detection tubing

this line this line


Design Limitations

– Maximum single volume of 2m3

– Up to 4 detection tube runs connected to single container

– A maximum heat detection tube length of 10m from the

container outlet to the end of any single detection tube run

10m

2m3

10m

2m3

1m3

10m 10m

1m3

this line this line


Design Requirements – Mandatory

– The system shall protect the define enclosure and prevent fire spread to adjoining

cabinets or enclosures

– The system shall be capable of:

• Connection to a fire alarm or other warning device

• Isolating power supplies and auxiliary equipment such as fan units to the cabinet

this line this line


LPS1223

Requirements and testing

procedures for the LPCB

certification and Listing of Fixed

Fire Extinguishing Systems for

Catering Equipment

Principle of systems design:

• Detection

• Annunciation

• Extinction

Compartment ProtectionSprinklers, Watermist, Gas

this line this line


How sprinklers work

Sprinklers work by:

– Removing heat from the fire

– By wetting surfaces ahead of the flame

– By cooling the atmosphere below the ceiling helping to protect the structure

this line this line


Body and yoke arms

Deflector

Sprinkler operation

Glass “frangible” bulb

filled with a blend of

thermally expansive

liquids

Seating

this line this line


Schematic Design

A sprinkler system consists of:

– Water supply

– Pump & valves

– An alarm valve and a stop valve

– Pipework

– Sprinkler heads

Sprinkler

Valve RoomPump

House

0m to >100m

Post pallet storage

0m to >100m

Control

valve

Water supply

tank

Pump

Stop

valve

this line this line


Why Install Sprinklers?

– Sprinklers automatically detect a fire, discharge water onto it and raise an

alarm, even when the building is unoccupied.

– They deliver water directly to the seat of the fire.

– They limit the extent of fire spread and smoke.

– They reduce water damage compared to fire brigade operations.

– They have a well established design rules

– They have very high reliability and require minimum maintenance.

– They can provide all over protection to a building including concealed spaces,

storage racks etc.

this line this line


Sprinkler components

– Sprinkler system components testing & approvals

– Sprinkler heads

– Wet/Dry alarm valves

– Pipe fittings & couplings

– Flexible drops

– Plastic pipes

– Flow meters

– Pre-action systems

– Tanks

– Pumps & Drivers

Reliability – 3rd Party Approvals

this line this line


Summary - sprinklers

– Comprehensive regulations and standards

– Performance is dependent on system components (3rd Party Approved)

– Design installation and maintenance is dependent on contractors (3rd Party

Approved)

– New products and “out-of-standard” systems can be tested following

developed procedures

Watermist Systems

this line this line


How watermist systems work

– Water mist systems are

fixed fire protection

systems that generate,

distribute and maintain a

quantity of droplets

sufficient for the

protection of risk in order

to extinguish, suppress or

control a fire

Heat

removed

from flame

Spray penetrates

flame

Oxygen reduced

by steam and

fire

Surface

wetting

of fuel

this line this line


Critical parameters

– Increase surface area, increase efficiency

– Decrease drop size, increases influence by other flows

this line this line


What is watermist?

– Local application or total

compartment

– Bespoke systems (detector,

actuation, pipe, pump, tank,

pressure)

– Installed to manufacturer’s design

manuals (no standard designs)

this line this line


Why Install Watermist?

– Watermist automatically detect a fire, discharge water onto it and

raise an alarm, even when the building is unoccupied.

– They deliver water droplets directly to the seat of the fire.

– They limit the extent of fire spread, smoke and damage.

– They have relatively small pipework, pumps and tanks for the

areas protected.

this line this line


Where are fires extinguished?

– Watermist works best with large flaming fires in small rooms

– Rapid heat removal– Rapid water vapour production– Drops contained and recirculated

– Examples– Engine rooms– Deepfat fryers

this line this line


Where are fires suppressed?

– Watermist is used to suppress, solid combustible fuels

– Temperature knockdown in room

– Limited flame spread

– Examples

– Domestic and residential buildings

– On board ships

this line this line


Which scenarios are difficult?

Watermist is challenged by:

– Deep-seated fires

– Obstacles

– Open spaces

– Tall ceilings

– Air flows

– Case by case

– review of all supporting data and survey of installation

this line this line


Summary – watermist systems

– Application is limited to tested scenarios

– Arrangements that are difficult for watermist systems include:

– Open spaces with high ceilings

– Ventilation and obstructions

– Standards are in development for built environment

– Performance is dependent on system design and components (case-by-case

approvals)

– Installation and maintenance is dependent on contractors (case-by-case

approvals)

– Limited 3rd party approvals

Fixed Gas Fire Extinguishing Systems

this line this line


Extinguishment Mechanisms

– Cooling

– Oxygen displacement

– Chemical inhibition

this line this line


Extinguishing gases

Designation Gas Mixtures

Inert Gases IG01 Argon

IG100 Nitrogen

IG541 Nitrogen, Argon and Carbon

Dioxide

IG55 Nitrogen and Argon

Designation Trade Names

Chemical

Gases

HFC227ea FM200

FK-5-1-12 Novec 1230

this line this line


Delivery system

this line this line


Room

– Ventilation

– Gas conc.

– Flow calculations

– Temperature

this line this line


Why install gas systems?

– Property Protection:

– To protect data processing areas, floor voids and industrial

areas from the effects of fire.

– Life Safety:

– To protect people by extinguishing a fire in a hazardous

area.

this line this line


Why install gas systems?

– Suitable for unoccupied spaces

– Gas systems automatically detect a fire, discharge gas in the protected

area and raise an alarm.

– They extinguish the fire.

– They limit the extent of fire spread, smoke and damage.

– They have relatively small pipework, pumps and tanks for the areas

protected.

this line this line


Component Approvals

• Gaseous system components testing & approvals to EN12094 series

– Nozzles, hoses & pipes, flexible connectors

– Container valves, selector valves, non-return valves, check valves

– Control & delay devices, alarm devices

– Pressure gauges, weighing devices, panels

– Cylinders

this line this line


Summary

Gas extinguishing systems

– Employed for property protection

– Comprehensive regulations and standards

– Performance is dependent on system design and

components (LPS 1230)

– Installation and maintenance is dependent on contractors

(LPS 1204)

– Systems selection dependent on environmental, safety &

storage

3rd Party Approval

this line this line


Test Reports A test report is a statement of fact –

a snapshot in time

related solely to the product presented

at the time of testing and reports only

the information detailed in the

Standard.

this line this line


Buyer beware

– Was the sample representative?

– ‘Golden’ Sample

– Fully compliant with the standard?

– Was the testing Independent?

– Will future products be the same?

What if Materials, designs or processes change?

– No surveillance audits

this line this line


3rd Party Approval - On-going

processes

Selection

Determination (Testing)

ReviewCertification

Decision

Listing

Survellance(Factory

Production Control)

this line this line


Loss Prevention Standards

Loss Prevention Standards (LPS)

developed in collaboration with

industry, clients, insurers, regulators

and other stakeholders

Consensus documents developed by

stakeholders

Based on National, European or

International standards

this line this line


What do we test and approve?

– Passive fire protection products and services

– Fire detection and alarm systems and services

– Sprinkler, spray and deluge systems and services

– Fire extinguishers and hose reels

– Fixed fire fighting systems and services

– Security products

this line this line


Fire Protection Installer Schemes

– LPS 1048 – Sprinkler systems – industrial and commercial

– LPS 1301 – Sprinkler systems - residential and domestic

– LPS 1014 – Fire detection and alarm systems

– LPS 1204 – Gas extinguishing systems

– LPS 1531 – Passive fire protection products

this line this line


Red Book

– web-based live database;

www.redbooklive.com– Via APP store

http://www.redbooklive.com/

building a better world togethertogether

LPCB

Watford, UK

WD25 9XX

+44 (0)333 321 88 11

[email protected]

www.bregroup.com/products/lpcb

Thank you

www.redbooklive.com

Fire Suppression Options and Update · 2018-07-05 · Dr Sarah Colwell, Director Fire Suppression...

Documents

Transcript of Fire Suppression Options and Update · 2018-07-05 · Dr Sarah Colwell, Director Fire Suppression...