Fire and Cabin Safety Research … a Perspective

Fire and Cabin Safety Fire and Cabin Safety ResearchResearch

… … a Perspectivea Perspective

Maher KhouzamMaher KhouzamChief, Regulatory StandardsChief, Regulatory StandardsAircraft CertificationAircraft CertificationTransport CanadaTransport Canada

The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004

Objective (or ‘Objective (or ‘why we do what we do..!why we do what we do..!’’)’’) The CSRTG – The CSRTG – what is it..? / what does it do..?what is it..? / what does it do..? What has been done – What has been done – the past…the past… What is being done – What is being done – the present…the present… What will be done – What will be done – the future…the future… ‘ ‘Who/why’Who/why’ this Conference..? this Conference..? EpilogueEpilogue

OverviewOverview

Fire & Cabin Safety ResearchFire & Cabin Safety Research…a Perspective…a Perspective

The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 20042

Objective (or ‘Why we do what we do..!’)Objective (or ‘Why we do what we do..!’)

Eliminate this:Eliminate this:


3The Fourth Triennial International Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference

Lisbon, Portugal, 15-18 November 2004

Objective (or ‘Why we do what we do..!’)Objective (or ‘Why we do what we do..!’)

Safety improving but…Safety improving but…finite probability of accident/fatalitiesfinite probability of accident/fatalities

Can/must continue to improveCan/must continue to improve Fire still single biggest ‘killer’Fire still single biggest ‘killer’ New challengesNew challenges

ConsiderationsConsiderationsAviation is global Aviation is global

cooperation essentialcooperation essential need to harmonizeneed to harmonize

Regulations must be Regulations must be data-drivendata-driven Resources are limitedResources are limited




11stst order / ‘High-Level’ objective: order / ‘High-Level’ objective: Eliminate accidents Eliminate accidents

ideal…ideal… 22ndnd order objective: order objective: Eliminate fatalities Eliminate fatalities

Possible (to a degree…)Possible (to a degree…)

Objective (or ‘Why we do what we Objective (or ‘Why we do what we do..!’)do..!’)




Objective (or ‘Why we do what we do’)Objective (or ‘Why we do what we do’)

Fire/Cabin SafetyFire/Cabin Safety




CargoCargoComptsCompts

APUsAPUs

CabinCabinSafetySafety

FuelFuelTanksTanks

IsolatedIsolatedAreasAreasStructureStructure

FireFireSafetySafety

EnginesEnginesWheelWheelWellsWells

Informal cooperation since early 80’sInformal cooperation since early 80’s … …triggered by Cincinnati/Manchestertriggered by Cincinnati/Manchester

Cabin Safety Research Technical GroupCabin Safety Research Technical Group (CSRTG) set up in 1994 by FAA, TCCA & JAA (CSRTG) set up in 1994 by FAA, TCCA & JAA to integrate cooperative activitiesto integrate cooperative activities

Now includes 7 active ‘partners’:Now includes 7 active ‘partners’:

Model for other international R&D groupsModel for other international R&D groups

The CSRTG – what is it..? / what does it do..?The CSRTG – what is it..? / what does it do..?


FAA (US)FAA (US) JAA (Europe)JAA (Europe) TCCA (Canada)TCCA (Canada) CASA CASA (Australia)(Australia)

JCAB (Japan)JCAB (Japan) CTA (Brazil)CTA (Brazil) IAC (CIS)IAC (CIS)



The CSRTG – what is it..? / what does it do..?The CSRTG – what is it..? / what does it do..?


Areas of cooperation:Areas of cooperation:

(transport category aeroplanes)(transport category aeroplanes) Achievements:Achievements:

cooperative and complementary programs cooperative and complementary programs yieldingyielding ‘‘unified’ findingsunified’ findings effective use of resourceseffective use of resources ……harmonized standards harmonized standards

joint publicationsjoint publications 4 international Conferences4 international Conferences

materials fire materials fire safetysafety systems fire systems fire safetysafety evacuationevacuation

crash dynamicscrash dynamics operational issuesoperational issues (recently) security (recently) security issuesissues



What has been done – the pastWhat has been done – the past


cabin crew behaviour cabin crew behaviour in evacuationin evacuation

OSU/NBSOSU/NBScargo linerscargo liners D-to-CD-to-C

PBEPBE

advanced fire-resistant materialsadvanced fire-resistant materials

cabin water mistcabin water mist

various evacuation issuesvarious evacuation issuesevacuation modelingevacuation modeling



impact injury criteriaimpact injury criteria

What has been done – the pastWhat has been done – the past

……it has made a it has made a difference!difference!

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94

YEAR

Fata

litie

s /

100

Milli

uon

Pas

seng

er K

mPassenger Fatalities per 100 Million Passenger-Km (Scheduled Service)


0

0.25

0.5

0.75

76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91

Year

Sur

viba

ble

Fire

Acc

iden

ts /

Mill

iuon

Hrs

Survivable Fire Accidents per Million Flight Hrs (Larger Jet/TurboProp)



What is being done – the presentWhat is being done – the present


halon replacementhalon replacement

fuselage burnthroughfuselage burnthrough

evacuation modelingevacuation modeling

hidden materials’ flammabilityhidden materials’ flammability


T/A insulation flammabilityT/A insulation flammability

fuel tank inertingfuel tank inerting



in-flight firefightingin-flight firefightingfire detection/modelingfire detection/modeling

impact injury criteria/modelingimpact injury criteria/modeling

Considerations:Considerations: Commercial aviation world changing: Commercial aviation world changing:

bigger/different aeroplanes (bigger/different aeroplanes (VLTA / VLTA / blended blended wingwing,, …) …)

more smaller transportsmore smaller transports aging fleetaging fleet increasing trafficincreasing traffic composite structurescomposite structures security issuessecurity issues

Systems’ approachSystems’ approach Benefit/cost effectivenessBenefit/cost effectiveness Increased/broader cooperationIncreased/broader cooperation A major (recent) ‘driver’: SW-111A major (recent) ‘driver’: SW-111


What will be done – the futureWhat will be done – the future



What will be done – the futureWhat will be done – the future


hidden materials’ flammabilityhidden materials’ flammability

enhanced evacuation modelingenhanced evacuation modeling

‘‘intelligent’ fire detectionintelligent’ fire detection‘‘integrated’ fire suppression/inertingintegrated’ fire suppression/inerting**

passenger education / safety awarenesspassenger education / safety awareness


in-flight firefightingin-flight firefighting

VLTAVLTA issues issues

flammability of composite structuresflammability of composite structures



impact injury criteria/modelingimpact injury criteria/modeling

‘‘Integrated’ fire suppression/inerting – a Integrated’ fire suppression/inerting – a concept*concept*


nitrogennitrogenseparationseparation

systemsystem

oxygenoxygenseparationseparation

systemsystem

waterwatersystemsystemcargocargo

Comp’tsComp’ts

fuelfueltankstanks

passengerpassengercabincabin

enginesengines

wheelwheelwellswells

isolatedisolatedareasareas

cockpitcockpit

firefiresuppressingsuppressing

agentagent

((**byby Richard G. Hill, FAATC)Richard G. Hill, FAATC)



Research toolsResearch tools

Benefit analysisBenefit analysis Benefit modelingBenefit modeling Risk analysisRisk analysis Safety trend analysisSafety trend analysis

Accident DatabasesAccident Databases




Organized by JAA/CSRTGOrganized by JAA/CSRTGto…to…

Present results of researchPresent results of research (past, present and future)(past, present and future)

Share/exchange knowledgeShare/exchange knowledge Discuss research directionDiscuss research direction Establish cooperationEstablish cooperation

Who/why this ConferenceWho/why this Conference




We’ve come a long way / many We’ve come a long way / many achievementsachievements

Improvements more difficult & costly butImprovements more difficult & costly but must pursue work must pursue work accidents still/will occur accidents still/will occur we face new challengeswe face new challenges

Need to continue to cooperateNeed to continue to cooperate All have to be involvedAll have to be involved

EpilogueEpilogue







11stst order / ‘High-Level’ objective: order / ‘High-Level’ objective: Eliminate accidents Eliminate accidents

ideal…ideal… 22ndnd order objective: order objective: Eliminate fatalities Eliminate fatalities

Possible (to a degree…)Possible (to a degree…)

Objective (or ‘Why we do what we Objective (or ‘Why we do what we do..!’)do..!’)


““The greatest danger for most of us The greatest danger for most of us is not that our aim is too high and we miss it, is not that our aim is too high and we miss it,

but that it is too low and we reach it.”but that it is too low and we reach it.”

MichelangeloMichelangelo

……and last, but far from being the least:and last, but far from being the least:



…far from being the least

“ A Special Thank TO…

“


……now, over to you,now, over to you,




“ April..! ”










“Claude..!

”

Over to youOver to you

or, should I say:or, should I say:““over to all of us”over to all of us”

--……as as it’s up to all of usit’s up to all of us

(regulators, manufacturers, researchers, (regulators, manufacturers, researchers, etc.)etc.)toto ‘make it happen’..! ‘make it happen’..!




Thank you..!




The Fourth Triennial The Fourth Triennial International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Research ConferenceResearch Conference

Fire and Cabin Safety Research … a Perspective

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