F E d iFrom Eco-designtoto

System InnovationSystem Innovationfor

Sustainability

9/2008 | Professor Eija Nieminen | University of Art and Design Helsinki

FFormerstrategies towardsstrategies towards

Sustainability…Sustainability…

9/2008 | Professor Eija Nieminen | University of Art and Design Helsinki

More from less

1940´s and 1950´sGDR

AfricaAfrica

Shoes and bag of birch bark.H

isto

ry

eum

of C

ultu

ral

sika

upun

ki M

use

Mar

i Jal

ava

/ Uus

y co

urte

sy o

f of M

Imag

e ©

by

Energy from wood:carbon monoxide as substitute fuel(ca. 1942).

Image © by courtesy of of Stuart Köhler.

Multifunctionality in East German style: ”Purimix”, a y ,combined vacuum cleaner, floor polisher, coffee grinder and blender (1956).

Football is a global game…

© Mats Lönngren.

FunctionalD iDesign

The Fagus Factory in Alfeld, GermanyDesigned by Walter Gropius andAdolf Meyer (1911)

Modular thinking in Bauhaus architecture (1930)

Modular thinking in Bauhaus (1930)

1960´s / 70´sSocial innovationSocial innovation

”In an environment that is screwed up visually, physically and chemically the best andphysically, and chemically, the best and simplest thing that architects, industrial

designers and planners etc., could do for h it ld b t t ki ti l ”humanity would be to stop working entirely.”

Victor Papanek: Design for the Real World (1971)Victor Papanek: Design for the Real World (1971)

Radio receiver designed for the Third World countries (1970). Designed by Victor Papanek and George Seeger, NC State College.p g g g

Muscle-powered vehicle. Intended to be used in underdeveloped areas instead of bicycles, to propel heavy loads. Designed by a student team led by Victor Papanek in y p p y g y y pSweden in the early 1970’s.

Electrivan electric car, UK 1968. Used in utility transport and delivery duties.

”Design must become an innovative, highly creative cross-disciplinary tool responsive tocreative, cross-disciplinary tool responsive to

the true needs of men. It must be research oriented, and we must stop defiling the earth

itself with poorly designed objects anditself with poorly designed objects and structures.”

Victor Papanek: Design for the Real World (1971)

1980´s / 1990´s1980 s / 1990 sEmergence of Life

C l Thi kiCycle Thinking

Eco-efficiency

Life-cycle thinking – ”polishing” the product chain to its extreme

ffi i= eco-efficiency, through- dematerialisation (recycling, material efficiency)- resource efficiency (energy and material solutions)- cleaner production (technology solutions)

Eco schemes

Recycling renewableRecycling, renewable resources…

Ecological fashion by Finnish designer and entrepreneur Anne Linnonmaa.

Ecological fashion by Finnish Globe Hope company.

”BOL”-ceiling lamps made from recycled fabric.

Images © by courtesy of Hella Hernberg

2010 –Sustainable Development –

What do we really need?What do we really need?

Main problem: GDP vs. resource consumption!p

Source: Statistics Finland

”Happiness is not dependent onHappiness is not dependent on material wealth..”

Chung – Nikolova – Olsen, UNESCAP International Conference on ”Happiness and Public policy”, Bangkok, Thailand 2007

Greenhouse emissionsSource: UN, WHO and University of Michigan/Dr. Mark Newman

Gross domestic productSource: UN, WHO and University of Michigan/Dr. Mark Newman

Sustainability: An Explanation(Sustainability Plan for the City of San Francisco)

1. The physical resources and systems that support life must be maintained:

-They can’t be used up so that there is nothing left; and-They can’t be made unusable through degradation.

2. The health of plant and animal populations, whether they are considered as the human food chain or as a highly complex system that interacts with physical life support systems (suchsystem that interacts with physical life-support systems (such as the atmosphere) in ways that aren’t well understood, must be insured.

3. A social structure must be created that will be capable of achieving just and equitable development and maintenance of society in a proper balance with the natural world.society in a proper balance with the natural world.

IPCCWinner of the Nobel Prize 2007

” tti h i i d”..getting … greenhouse gas emissions under control calls for the rapid adoption of renewable

energies, and the development of technologies that are capable of using several forms of energy, and changing the world economy into a sustainable

system focused on services and information and ymaking use of worldwide (open) innovation.”

More sustainable design - 3 E´sSource: McDonough& Braungart: Cradle-to-Cradle

Emergence of new technologiessource: www.techcast.org

System Design for Sustainability

• User-driven approach, functional design,ti f ti d isatisfaction design…:

- New consumption patternsp p

- Service intensive product-service systems –immaterialisationimmaterialisation

- Design for just and equitable development

- Design for improved accessibility

…

LPC

Pro

ject

The MIT 100$ Laptop

© O

L

Village Phone

Supported by microfinance loans made by the Grameen Bank themade by the Grameen Bank, the Village Phone is a good example of the social, entrepreneurial and

i t l b fit t b h denvironmental benefits to be had from ICT in rural areas and BOP markets. The Village Phone is a shared mobile phone service that provides affordable telephone access in remote areas.

Download report at www.taik.fi/designium/english

Highly accessible places such as transportation hubssuch as transportation hubs should be developed into dense urban cores with

i d f ti t li kmixed functions to link services to public transportation systems more efficiently. Station areas should be developed into high quality hot spots with g q y pimmaterial passenger services and free-time activities.activities.

By Kerttu Kurki

Immaterialisation – new service models

© by Mats Lönngren

Learning by doing

Encourage people to walk by giving green expreriences. Pressure of walking produces the power of light

People are aware of the energy loss of elevator use by visualising its movements.

By Katja Kallunki, Miyamoto Noriko, Hilla Rudanko, Otso Virtanen and Liisa Yliniva/Sustainable Industrial and Urban Design workshop 2007

The Stooler concept for more accessibleThe Stooler concept for more accessible cities

By Jussi-Pekka Hiltunen/Sustainable Industrial and Urban Design workshop 2007

Educating for sustainability

By Eeva Campbell/Sustainable industrial and design course 2007

Conclusions

1. The power of design is the ability to understand user’s needs and, to link them into latest technologies and business innovations

2. Sustainable development is ultimately about a return p yto the four virtues of antiquity:

the wisdom to see where current development is reallythe wisdom to see where current development is really taking us; the courage to make decisions, even if they are difficult, that will lead to a better future for both the Earth and humanity; a just distribution of welfare; andEarth and humanity; a just distribution of welfare; and moderation in everything that we consume and require for a good life and a fair standard of living. The

diti f d lif d h ipreconditions of a good life and happiness are attainable by all.