Fascilitating strategic linkages of DRR and CCA - unescap

Facilitating Strategic Linkages of DRR and CCA:

ESCAP Initiatives on Regional Solutions to Local Issues

Sanjay K Srivastava, Ph DRegional Adviser – Disaster Risk Reduction

Information Communication Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division (IDD)

SCR Regional Workshop, Bangkok, 22-23 July, 2010

Alarming Adaptation Deficits- Agriculture Sector

Food Security – At the Cross Roads

The crop yields could decrease up to 30% in the region by the mid-21 century.

Irrigation demand for agriculture in arid/semi-arid regions expected to increase by 10% for temperature increase by 1°C

Increased dryness during pre-summer season may accelerate the forest fire incidences.

The crop yields could decrease up to 30% in the region by the mid-21 century.

Irrigation demand for agriculture in arid/semi-arid regions expected to increase by 10% for temperature increase by 1°C

Increased dryness during pre-summer season may accelerate the forest fire incidences.

Food Security

Globalisation: WTO regime

Rising Population

Increasing Cost of Cultivation

Low Productivity

More Demand for Limited Water

Ecological Degradation

Inadequate Support & Infrastructure

Climate Change

Risk – Flood, Drought, Pest & Diseases…

““(Source: R Mendelsohn & A Dinar,

1999, World Bank)

Levels of adaptive capacity : Indian vs. US farmer

0

- 0.2

0.5

- 0.4

- 0.6

- 0.8

- 1

- 1.2

- 1.4

- 1.6

1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

India’s response function

US response function

0

Temperature Increase (oC)

Eff

ect

on

far

m v

alu

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et in

com

e (b

il lio

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S$)

Adaptation Options • Adaptation strategies can help minimize negative impacts and Adaptation strategies can help minimize negative impacts and

lead to DRRlead to DRR

• These need research and policy supportThese need research and policy support

• Costs of adaptation and DRR are unknown but likely to be Costs of adaptation and DRR are unknown but likely to be high; costs of inaction could be even higherhigh; costs of inaction could be even higher

• How the poor developing countries would bear the extra-costs How the poor developing countries would bear the extra-costs of adaptation and DRR measures? of adaptation and DRR measures?

Adaptation Measure Adjustment Time (years)

Variety Adoption 3-14

Dams and Irrigation 50-100

Variety Development 8-15

Tillage Systems 10-12

Opening New Lands 3-10

Irrigation Equipment 20-25

Fertilizer Adoption 10

(Source: Parikh & Kumar 2007)

Autonomous Adaptation-Adaptive Capacity

Planned Adaptation

= f(Technologies, Investment..)

Externalities

Autonomous Resilience- Coping

Preparedness= f(Technologies, Investment..)

Externalities

Climate Change Adaptation Disaster Risk Reduction

Climate Proofing Vulnerability Reduction

DRR & CCA: Strategic Linkages

“The issue is not how much water you have- It is how you learn to use, store and relate to

that water. In other words, the culture of dealing with water is far more important than

any issue of technology “

-Anil Agarwal, Center for Science and Environment

Adaptation Practices: Grassroots Innovation…

A culture of dealing with water

Ralegaon Siddhi, Maharashtra

(Avg annual rainfall < 300 mm):

Irrigation increased from 80 to 1200 acre;

3 crops every year worth Rs. 600,000. Watershed – Ralegaon Siddhi

http://ahmednagar.gov.in/images/Ralegan.png

Explicit

Knowledge

-Advances Formal

Education & Research

Implicit

Knowledge

Tacit Knowledge

A SAGA OF KNOWLEDGE IN CCA & DRR

•Resilience•Coping •Adaptive Capacity

Fusion of Explicit &Tacit Knowledge

Context -Social, cultural, vulnerability..-Grassroots Innovation..

Indigenous Knowledge …

Tacit knowledge links CCA & DRRat community level.

DRR – CCA Integration Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

- Early Warning Systems (EWS), HVR Assessment/Monitoring, Mitigation & Preparedness

Strategies, Response Strategies ..

•Human Health•Food, Water & Environment Security

•Energy

•Agriculture & forestry

•Trade & tourism •Industry, Mining etc•Land use, settlements

Institutional Networking

Integration of Technologies

Targeting Climate Risk HotspotsDesigning DRR StrategiesClimate & EWS Info in CCAMainstreaming DRR & CCA coupling

Areas of

Convergence -Coastal Zone Management-Watershed Development -Land Use Planning -Settlements Planning-Floodplain Management..

Areas of Divergence -Diverse institutional structure-Disconnected Policies, Planning and Programmes-Lack of relevant information-Ad-hoc Short term Approaches

Climate Change Adaptation (CCA)

Priority Areas

Regional Solutions – Local Issues

Early Warning for Integration of CCA and DRR

ESCAP is the regional development arm of the United Nations for the Asia-Pacific region

62 Governments - from Turkey in the west to Kiribati in the east, and from the Russian Federation in the north to New Zealand in the south

The largest United Nations body serving the Asia-Pacific region with over 600 staff

ESCAP has more than five decades of experience integrating disaster risk management with economic and social development at the regional level...Regional approach for cooperation specific focus on Asia Pacific

Least Developed Countries (LDCs), SID, Landlocked Countries..

1957 Mekong River Commission (MRC)Four members – Cambodia, Lao PDR, Vietnam and Thailand Implemented flood management

1957 Mekong River Commission (MRC)Four members – Cambodia, Lao PDR, Vietnam and Thailand Implemented flood management

1968 - WMO/ESCAP Typhoon Committee (TC)14 Members from South East, East AsiaPromoted Strategies to minimize the lossof lives and properties due to Typhoon

1968 - WMO/ESCAP Typhoon Committee (TC)14 Members from South East, East AsiaPromoted Strategies to minimize the lossof lives and properties due to Typhoon

2008 - Committee on ICT - Focus on Disaster Management 2008 - Committee on ICT - Focus on Disaster Management

ESCAP Roadmap

2005 – ESCAP Tsunami Regional Trust Fund Established Regional Integrated Multi-hazard Early Warning System – RIMES (26 Countries)

2005 – ESCAP Tsunami Regional Trust Fund Established Regional Integrated Multi-hazard Early Warning System – RIMES (26 Countries)

2009 – Committee on Disaster Risk Reduction 2009 – Committee on Disaster Risk Reduction

1973- WMO/ESCAPPanel on Tropical Cyclone (PTC)8 Member Countries -Bay Of Bengal and Arabian SeaFocus on early warning

’

1973- WMO/ESCAPPanel on Tropical Cyclone (PTC)8 Member Countries -Bay Of Bengal and Arabian SeaFocus on early warning

’

1994 - Regional Space Applications Programme for Sustainable Development (RESAP) - 22 Members; Focus on Disaster Mgnt Issues -Intergovernmental Consultative Committee Regional Working Groups

1994 - Regional Space Applications Programme for Sustainable Development (RESAP) - 22 Members; Focus on Disaster Mgnt Issues -Intergovernmental Consultative Committee Regional Working Groups

Disaster Management &Risk Reduction

- Regional Cooperation

Regional Coordination Mechanism (RCM)

Regional coherence, synergy and

maximum combined impact

from the efforts of UN agencies

ESCAP - the secretariat of the Asia-Pacific RCM

Post Cyclone ‘Nargis’ Response - •Tripartite Partnership UN – ASEAN and Govt of Myanmar •Expedited the flow of aid in desperate need and to begin quickly reconstruction•Part of Post Nargis Joint Assessment •Facilitation of Recovery/Rebuilding

RCM Working Group on Environment and Disaster Management with focus on CCA & DRR integration

ISDR Asia Partners (IAP) ESCAP ISDR joint initiatives on DRR & CCA

ESCAP: Resource Mechanism for Regional Cooperation Tsunami Regional Trust Fund (Administered by

ESCAP)Support a series of activities towards establishing a comprehensive, “end-to-end” early warning system in the region

Strengthen national and regional capacities in early warning

Multi-donor Fund (Thailand, Sweden, Nepal, Turkey)

Grant funding to Governments, intergovernmental and other not-for-profit organizations

UN partners: IOC UNESCO, ISDR, OCHA, UNDP, UNEP, WMO

Overall Framework

•End-to-end early warning •Multi-hazard approach•Regional focus•Geographical scope – Indian Ocean and South-East Asia

Status of Fund Utilization 53 proposals received, with total budget of about US$ 61 million

14 projects approved, with total budget of about US$ 10.8 million (over 80%)

About US$ 2.6 million available for programming

ESCAP: Resource Mechanism for Regional Cooperation

Priority Areas Risk and vulnerability assessments

Standard Operating Procedures

Response capacity (through regional initiatives)

Public awareness

Drills—regulations and standards for evaluation

Improve effectiveness of warning messages

Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning

System for Africa and Asia (RIMES)

Regional Tsunami Watch, Disaster Risk Information, Capacity Building: Meteorological Agencies …Established in April 2009 (USD 4.5 million from Trust Fund), signing Agreement, by Cambodia, Comoros, Lao PDR, Maldives, and Seychelles (21 other countries are in progress)

MARCH 2005 (7) JULY 2006 (10) JUNE 2007 (22)SEP 2008 (26)

DEC 2006 (13)

Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System

for Africa and Asia (RIMES): Outreach

A regional cooperation of 26 countries on multi-hazard early warning.

RIMES aims to cater to differential needs and demands of member states in addressing gaps in the end-to-end multi-hazard early warning system.

Source: RIMES Sectt Maldives & ADPC

ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee and Panel of Tropical Cycloneare the regional bodies of the WMO tropical cyclone programme in Asia and the Pacific

ESCAP: Building the Capacity for Cyclone/Typhoon Early Warning

Source: WMO

Bangladesh Cyclone Preparedness Programme‘SIDR’ (B’desh Cyclone 2007)

Cyclone Intensity, Track and Landfall Predictions, Storm surge modeling for risk mapping..

International/Regional Agencies: WMO, WMO-ESCP Panel on Tropical Cyclone, NOAA, JMA..

National Meteorological, Hydrological Servicesand Observational Networks (Radar, Met..)

Community preparedness – cyclone shelters, awareness ..

Detection and Tracking of Cyclone in Bay of Bengal

Capacity building

Capacity building

People’s Centric EWS, Large scale evacuation (0.3 M)Saving thousands of lives..

Planned Resilience Building

ESCAP: Strategic Pillars

Substantive Servicing

Information Exchange

Inter-Agency Partnership

DRR: Advisory Services

ICT & DRR (IDD) Division

Establishing ‘Gateway’of knowledge and info

ESCAP-UNISDR Asia Pacific Disaster ReportExpert Group Meetings/Technical Documentation..

All three Sections of IDD - Disaster Risk Reduction, ICT for Development and Space Applicationhave put in place work programmes addressing Disaster Risk Reduction.

Committees on DRR & ICT

ESCAP/WMO: Typhoon Committee, Panel on Tropical Cyclones

RCM: Disaster Management

Inter-divisional Activities –Tsunami Trust Fund ( ESCAP Supports:UNISDR within IAP Framework, Asian Ministerial Conf. on DRR, Joint Publications etc.. UN OOSA/SPIDER-Capacity building

Technical assistance to member States on DRR

Disaster Loss Assessment Missions Samoa Tsunami and Typhoon Ketsana

Support to UN Country Team on DRR matters

Technical Assistance

Mainstreaming DRR/CAA

Available Entry Points

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) | Slide 21

1. Request from Member Country (Priority – LDCs…) •Concerned Minister/State Minister/Secretary …from Nodal Ministry of the Respective Government •Essentially to ensure the ownership of technical assistance/advisory service and to integrate in country’s programming2. Request from Resident Coordinator, United Nations

•On behalf of Respective Govt for Specific Issue to Intervene •Role Player in Strategic Formulation of United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) to be Implemented in a Particular Programming Cycle.

2. Request from Resident Coordinator, United Nations

•On behalf of Respective Govt for Specific Issue to Intervene •Role Player in Strategic Formulation of United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) to be Implemented in a Particular Programming Cycle.

Case Study - Maldives


Request from UN Resident Coordinator Maldives

ESCAP as Non-resident Agency to be engaged in Strategic Formulation of United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) Maldives to be Implemented in 2011-2015 Programming Cycle.

UNDAF to address Climate ChangeAdaptation (CCA) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

Areas of Specific Intervention

Maldives only SID in Indian Ocean that had lost more than 62% in 2004

Indian Ocean Tsunami

What ESCAP had in Maldives as non-resident Agency?•Trust Fund Supported end-to-end Early Warning System projects with UNCT•Community based DRR in dispersed small islands•Regional Integrated Multi-hazard Early Warning Systems (RIMS): Maldives as Secretariat +• Regional Advisory Service...

What ESCAP had in Maldives as non-resident Agency?•Trust Fund Supported end-to-end Early Warning System projects with UNCT•Community based DRR in dispersed small islands•Regional Integrated Multi-hazard Early Warning Systems (RIMS): Maldives as Secretariat +• Regional Advisory Service...

UNDAF - CCA through DRR in Maldives

UNDAF

RIMES NAPA

SNAPManifesto

Action Plan

Enhanced Capacities at national and local level to support climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction

Indicative Resources USD700,000Other Resources 4.5 Million

ESCAP Advisory Services1. Institutional Capacity Evaluation of NDMC based on

•Capacity for Disaster Reduction Initiative (ISDR, UNDP, UNOCHA)•UNDG Capacity Assessment Methodology•Proposed Maldives DM Act, Unmet needs, Institutional Arrangements

Institutional capacity of Maldives National Disaster Management Centre (NDMC) holds the key

Development of project proposalson DRR through CCA integrating UNDAF, RIMES, SNAP and Manifesto Action Plan provides entry points


ESCAP DRR Advisory to Maldives - Key Outcome


Case Study - Cambodia


Cambodia Post Ketsana Damage and Needs Assessment (PDNA) – Nov

2009At the request of UN Resident Coordinator Cambodia ,ESCAP on behalf of UN Country Team led Productive Sector Assessment and has been part of PDNA process

Cambodia Post Ketsana Damage and Needs Assessment (PDNA) – Nov

2009At the request of UN Resident Coordinator Cambodia ,ESCAP on behalf of UN Country Team led Productive Sector Assessment and has been part of PDNA process Damage and Loss Assessment (DaLA) for

Economic and Social Cost of Recovery & Reconstruction – prioritized by

ESCAP, UN ECLAC and World Bank ESCAP had worked with DaLA/PDNA Mission during Samoa Tsunami 2009

Damage and Loss Assessment (DaLA) for Economic and Social Cost of Recovery &

Reconstruction – prioritized byESCAP, UN ECLAC and World Bank ESCAP had worked with DaLA/PDNA Mission during Samoa Tsunami 2009

Capacity building for DaLA/PDNA in support of DRR

ESCAP’ s Priorities

Capacity building for DaLA/PDNA in support of DRR

ESCAP’ s Priorities

Ketsana Post Disaster Needs Assessment [PDNA]Cambodia


An End-to-End Approach

DaLA

PDNA

AdvocacyDonor’s RoundtableProjectization for aid, loan & Budegetry support Support from DPs/INGOs


Post Ketsana DaLA- Sector/sub-sector wise

Post Ketsana PDNASector/sub-sector wiseUS$ 191 Million

US$ 131 Million

Recovery and Reconstruction NeedsRecovery and Reconstruction Needs

Short Term Medium Term Long Term TotalInfrastructure 7.114.206 13.406.626 85.960.511 106.481.343 Transport 5.124.206 9.264.626 76.360.511 90.749.343 Water Supply and Sanitation - 500.000 4.250.000 4.750.000 Water Management and Irrigation 1.690.000 2.792.000 3.500.000 7.982.000 Energy 300.000 850.000 1.850.000 3.000.000 Social Sectors 14.075.690 2.648.500 2.480.000 19.204.190 Housing and Shelter 12.089.000 2.087.800 - 14.176.800 Health 86.690 560.700 2.480.000 3.127.390 Education 1.900.000 - - 1.900.000 Productive Sectors 5.960.000 12.800.000 41.200.000 59.960.000 Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries 5.000.000 10.000.000 35.000.000 50.000.000 Industry & Commerce 960.000 2.800.000 6.200.000 9.960.000 Cross-Cutting Sector 196.085 2.396.000 2.803.600 5.395.685 Environment 181.000 2.232.400 2.803.600 5.217.000 Public Administration 15.085 163.600 - 178.685 TOTAL 27.345.981 31.251.126 132.444.111 191.041.218 Disaster Management 8.937.000

Summary of Needs

Sector and Subsectors Recovery Needs, US$

Donor CommitmentDonor CommitmentShort Term Medium Term Long Term Total

InfrastructureTransport RGC, P.R. China, ADB, WB 5.124.206 9.264.626 76.360.511 90.749.343 Urban Roads 563.798 346.912 - 910.710 National Roads 621.680 163.943 15.496.500 16.282.123 Provincial Roads 135.729 1.071.290 13.366.750 14.573.769 Rural Roads WB 3.803.000 7.682.480 47.497.261 58.982.741 Water Management and Irrigation MOWRAM, ADB, WB 1.690.000 2.792.000 3.500.000 7.982.000 Water Management - 1.100.000 1.500.000 2.600.000 Irrigation ADB 1.690.000 1.692.000 1.500.000 4.882.000 Capacity Building - - 500.000 500.000

Social SectorsHousing and Shelter RGC, ADB 12.089.000 2.087.800 - 14.176.800 Repair damaged houses 11.980.000 - - 11.980.000 Temporary shelter and basic support 109.000 - - 109.000 Reconstruction of completely destroyed houses - 1.237.800 - 1.237.800 Design standard review/compliance - 350.000 - 350.000 Education RGC, ADB, WB, INGOs 1.900.000 - 1.900.000 Replace buildings that are too badly damaged to repair WB 1.500.000 - - 1.500.000 Repair of buildings which are unsuitable for teaching 200.000 - - 200.000 Furniture, Equipment and Education materials 200.000 - - 200.000 MoEYS Maintenance program for Schools TBD TBD TBD -

Productive Sectors Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries RGC, DPs, INGOs 5-10 million 10-20 million 35-45 million 50-75 millionPriority 1: Food, fertilizer, seeds TBD TBD TBD TBDPriority 2: Cash for work, seeds, replenish emergency stock TBD TBD TBD TBDPriority 3: Capacity building and policy support TBD TBD TBD TBDIndustry & Commerce RGC, Private Sector, WB 960.000 2.800.000 6.200.000 9.960.000 Reparation and replacement of damaged machinery and equipment WB 960.000 - - 960.000 Upgrade machinery and equipment to make it disaster-resilient - 2.000.000 5.000.000 7.000.000 Regulatory framework - 500.000 700.000 1.200.000 Small industru and agirbusiness recovery WBRaise awareness of entrepreneurs - 300.000 500.000 800.000

Disaster Management 8.937.000

Summary of Recovery Framework

Priority Sector and SubsectorsPlanned Development Partner Commitment

Recovery Needs, US$

ESCAP DRR Advisory to Cambodia - Key Outcome


What makes a difference?


4. “Funded”

Most Critical Gap

PDNA does take into account mainstreaming DRR in post disaster recovery and reconstruction but what was missing critically – the know how to integrate CCA along with DRR?

PDNA worth US$ 191 million investment during post-Ketsana Recovery and Reconstruction had the opportunity to put in place the elements of Smart DRR but we lacked know how…

It’s important that SCR Regional Workshop should bring out ..Regional Solution to Local Issues

Fascilitating strategic linkages of DRR and CCA - unescap

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