Famous Psychology Experiments
description
Transcript of Famous Psychology Experiments
![Page 1: Famous Psychology Experiments](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050809/56815b72550346895dc96afb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Famous Psychology Experiments
![Page 2: Famous Psychology Experiments](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050809/56815b72550346895dc96afb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Ivan Pavlov
• Classical Conditioning• Experiments on dogs• Smarty Pants: Nobel
Prize - 1904 Dog
![Page 3: Famous Psychology Experiments](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050809/56815b72550346895dc96afb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Classical Conditioning and Pavlov’s Dogs: Hypothesis
• Observations: Dogs salivate when food is placed in their mouths
• Dogs salivate at mere sight of food
• Hypothesis: Dogs can be trained, or conditioned, to salivate when exposed to an external (neutral) stimulus
![Page 4: Famous Psychology Experiments](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050809/56815b72550346895dc96afb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Pavlov’s Methodology and Results
• Present external (neutral) stimulus (bell) immediately before giving food. Order is important
• Results: After a few trials, the dog salivates upon hearing the bell
• Works with other stimuli as well
![Page 5: Famous Psychology Experiments](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050809/56815b72550346895dc96afb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Classical Conditioning Components
• CS-Conditioned Stimulus– Learned trigger (initially
neutral)
• UCS- Unconditioned Stimulus– Automatically triggers a
response
• UCR- Unconditioned Response– Naturally occurring response
• CR- Conditioned Response– Learned response
![Page 6: Famous Psychology Experiments](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050809/56815b72550346895dc96afb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Altoid Theory – The Office
• After viewing the clip be able to identify the components of classical conditioning.
![Page 7: Famous Psychology Experiments](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050809/56815b72550346895dc96afb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Pavlov’s Conclusions
Unconditioned Response
(UCR)
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Conditioned Response
(CR)
Conditioned Stimulus
(CS)
because of because of
![Page 8: Famous Psychology Experiments](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050809/56815b72550346895dc96afb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Continuing Pavlov’s Experiment
• Acquisition– Learning the pairing CS+ UCS– Making the association
• Extinction– Represses CR (not eliminated)
• Spontaneous Recovery– After extinction, time passes, recurring
of the CR w/o UCS• Generalization
– CR to stimuli that are similar• Discrimination
– CR to a particular stimulus only
Other Aspects of Classical Conditioning
![Page 9: Famous Psychology Experiments](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050809/56815b72550346895dc96afb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
John Watson and Rosalie Rayner: Hypothesis, Methodology, Results
• After a few tries, Albert was afraid of the rat
+ =
• Conditioned fear into an infant
• Presented a rat immediately followed by a loud noise, startling the baby
• Albert generalized his fears to other furry objects
![Page 10: Famous Psychology Experiments](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050809/56815b72550346895dc96afb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Mary Cover Jones• Colleague of Watson• Deconditioned 3-year-old Peter from his fears by gradually
moving a rabbit (and other things) closer to him while he was eating
DAY 1 DAY 3DAY 2
![Page 11: Famous Psychology Experiments](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050809/56815b72550346895dc96afb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
B.F. Skinner and Operant Conditioning
• Classical conditioning involves an automatic response to a stimulus
• Operant conditioning involves learning how to control one’s response to elicit a reward or avoid a punishment
![Page 12: Famous Psychology Experiments](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050809/56815b72550346895dc96afb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
The “Skinner Box”: Skinner’s Hypothesis, Methodology, and
Results• Rats placed in
“Skinner boxes” • Shaped to get closer
and closer to the bar in order to receive food
• Eventually required to press the bar to receive food
• Food is a reinforcer