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© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2
IPTV networks and Quality of Experience
Nick FielibertCTO Europe & APACScientific –Atlantaa Cisco Company
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3
End User Experience,A Key Ingredient Of IPTV Success
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4
Video End User Quality Of ExperienceRelated Standards & Efforts
IPTV/Telco RelatedITU-T IPTV Focus Group, SG 9, 12, 13 & 16ATIS IIFDSL Forum TR-126DVB-IPI (ETSI TS 102 034)Media Delivery Index (RFC 4445)
DVB/Broadcasting RelatedSMPTE Technical StandardsEBU Technical DocumentsDVB Forum (ETSI TR 101 129, TS 101 154, etc…)ITU-R Broadcasting Services BT seriesPerceptual Metrics: V-Factor, MPQM, Video-MOS, …
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IPTV End User Quality of ExperienceKey Requirements
1.Service Availability & Reliability Limited Frequency & severity of impairments
2.Content Quality & ScopePremium Content, live events, exclusivity, VoD catalogue
quality etc..
3.Content Definition & Resolution D1, HDTV, Dolby Surround, AAC, etc…
4.Customer Care & Management: Time & way to solve end user video related problems
5.IPTV Service Usability Easiness & friendliness of service discovery & selection
interfacefoundation of a new TV viewing experience
6.Channel change time Satellite, Cable and DVB-T Benchmark
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A/V Encoding
FEC
EPG info qualityGUI design
Network ElementsDelay, jitter,
packet ordering
VODServer load distribution
Oversubscription management
Channel Change, packet retransmission
MetroAggregation
Network
IPTV QoE In The End To End Model
VoD Servers
Homegateway
Homegateway
Homegateway
Homegateway
Homegateway
Homegateway
IP/MPLS Core
SuperHeadEnd
LiveBroadcast
& VoDAsset
Distribution
Central/EndOffice
VoD Servers
IRT/RTE
IRT/RTE
District Offices
Home networkingDelay, jitter, packet
ordering
STBA/V decode buffers,
Lip sync,Output Interfaces, FEC
A/V Encoding
Highlights of the main areas
Central/EndOffices
MW Servers
DSL
Fiber
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Delivering Optimum IPTV QoEContrasting Architectural Approaches
L2 VPLS
Centralized• Agg: L2 bridging all
services• QoS: Per sub for all
services
Distributed• Agg: H-VPLS for all
services• QoS: Per sub for all
services
Service Optimized IP NGNAggregation:
• L1, L2, L3 based on service
• Instrumentation & control
QoS: • Aggregate for
applications• Per sub for transport
L2 Bridging
L2 & L3
VoDServers PPPoE
BRAS
IP / MPLSCore
Voice
Video
H-VPLS
L2 QoS
L2 QoS
L2 QoSAccess
All services per sub QoS, H-VPLS Aggregation
Central L3
L3
L3
L2 VPLS L3
L3
L3
L3
L2 Bridged
L3 for Application Service
L2
VoDServers
Central L3 and per sub
QoS
Access
IP / MPLSCore
VoDServers
BRAS
IP / MPLSCore
L2 QoS
L2 QoS
L2 QoSAccess
Per service QoS, CAC and L3 aggregation for
voice/video
Per-sub QoS and EomPLS for
transport services
MPLS PE
Dist Router
L2-HIS/BizL3 - Voice / Video
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 8
Delivering Optimum IPTV QoENetwork Linkages for Carrier-Class Video Operations
• Redundant Broadcast Sources• Subscriber STB Load sharing across dual trees (localized content)• “Anycast” enables Dynamic Failover - merges trees into one trunk• Enabled with Video Headends
MetroAggregation
Network
MetroAggregation
NetworkIP/MPLS
Core IP/MPLS
Core
National Video Head
EndLiveBroadcast
& VoDAsset
Distribution
PE-AGG
VOD Servers
VOD Servers
VOD Servers
VOD Servers
PE-AGG
Local Broadcast Insertion (eg PEG)
IRT/RTE
IRT/RTE
IP Routing Anycast
IP Routing Anycast
Benefits
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Protecting IPTV Quality of ExperienceL3-Based Architectures Enabling High Service Availability
Layer 3 Multicast Architecture BenefitsProvides consistent convergence <1s in all scenariosAnycast for dual redundant headend
H-VPLS transport Architecture BenefitsMPLS FRR for link failures for <50msBUT failure of Aggregation Node, Designated Router, Source, or Headend result in slow STP or IGP based convergence
Link in metro
NodePE-AGG
DR/Querierat NPE
H - VPLS ~5s
Impact (#subs) 10,000 50,000 100,000 1,000,000
Layer 3 <1s <1s NA <1s
Impact (# subs) 10,000 50,000 NA 1,000,000
Source at National HE
>2-3s<1s 2-3s
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 10
Protecting IPTV Quality of ExperienceThe Need for Video Admission Control• What happens when demand exceeds design assumptions?
Network design based on some allowed blocking factorBlocking factor based on peak concurrency rate of subscribers at the finite take rate of the service
What if take rate of service is higher than forecast?What if HDTV, TVoD is accelerating faster than forecast?What if peak concurrency is higher than forecast?
• Without a “Graceful Busy Signal” for video service, excess streams result in degraded video for Many
Oversubscription leads to random packet loss for many!No more than one artifact per 2 hours => 10-6 PLR !!Loss mean visible artifact on subs’ TV for a varying amount of time
0.5 % Packet Loss
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PE-AGG
BPM
N-PE
RSVP-CAC
VOD Request
Deny or Admit
DSLAM
COPS
CAC required to guarantee End User experienceIntegrated Video CAC approach combines two methods:On-path RSVP-CAC for AggregationOff-path CAC based on Broadband Policy Manager (BPM) for DSL line
VOD stream will be denied if business rules of either failPrioritize blocking of Free VOD vs. Pay VOD
Multicast CAC optional11
22
33
44
55
6622
22
22
Protecting IPTV Quality of ExperienceIntegrated Video CAC
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Content is key to QoEBy Offering a differentiated experience – E.g. content, HD
Source: McKinsey Analysis, Fastweb Company Report
Customer base evolution in Thousands of IPTV customers
Average quarterly growth
3Q
130
2Q
129
272420
62
4Q
38
4Q 3Q
108
2Q1Q
2003
88
1Q
2004
2Q
133
1Q
2005
133
4Q3Q
2002
130<1%<1%
16%16%
37%37%
FW starts distributing Sky soccer package, being the only alternative to
satellite
Competition for soccer content kicks in:
Exclusive Content (e.g. Football) High Definition
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African
ABN America - $14.99/mo.
Armenian
Armenia TV - $14.99/mo.
Arabic
15 channels - $39.99/mo.
Al Jazeera Kuwait TV
Chinese
17 channels - $29.99/mo.
Farsi
3 channels - $32.99/mo.
French
3A Telesud - $14.99/mo.
German
Polish
1 channel - $14.99/mo.
Greek
6 channels - $36.99/mo.
Israeli
Israeli Network - $19.99/mo.
Italian
2 channels - $12.99/mo.
Japanese
TV Japan - $25.00/mo.
Korean
4 channels - $36.99/mo.
4 channels - $38.99/mo.
Portuguese Russian South Asian Tagalog Urdu
TV Globo - $19.99/mo. 2 channels - $24.99/mo. 6 channels - $49.99/mo. 1 channel - $14.99/mo. 3 channels - $34.99/mo.
The high price of these offerings demonstrates the value to niche consumers.
Content is key to QoEGrasp revenue possibility created by the Long Tail
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Picture Quality correlates very strongly with QoED9054 HD H.264 Encoder Video Quality Improvements
CBR Bit rate
TimeApril 06
10
June’ 06 Dec06/Feb07 April/07
8.8
8.2
7.6
7
Q4/ 07
4
IBC’ 06
HD needs to stay HD!No reduction of resolution and Color DepthNo massive pre-processing for sharpnessBitrate reductions
PAFFDynamic & hierarchical GOP features Optimized HP 8x8 features
6
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Protecting IPTV Quality of ExperienceVisual Quality Experience (VQE) Technology
Real-time video error repair
Eliminates effects of uncorrelated bit errors on individual DSL linesLocal re-transmission of dropped IP packets to STB in Sub-100ms
Scalable, standard-based fast channel change
Maintains consistent user experienceSub-second channel change time
Diagnoses problem areasMonitoring and reporting of faults per DSL line above threshold
Complementary to FECRepairing
Multiple Uncorrelated Dropped Packets
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VQE—Video Error RepairConditions DSL Lines for Advanced Video Services
Reduces SP OpEx and Customer Churn—Avoids costly help desk callsEnhances Customer Video Experience Quality—Delivers better video
STB Detects
packet lossSTB DSLAM
Sends standards-
based message to
VQE
iFrame pb p …. iFrameiFrameiFrame pb p …. iFrameiFrame
VQE Re-transmits
missing packet(s)
STBRe-sequences video stream
Error repair done in less than 100 ms
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Role of Middleware in QoE: The Enabler
SHOW a family watching tv
EnablesRevenue producing IPTV services Differentiation for service provider: Perquisite to competeConsistent and extensible consumer experience interoperability of systems components Compelling GUI Roadmap for current and future rich media development Linkage of rich media with consumer
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Customer ExperienceCustomer Experience
ROBUST COMPELLINGFLEXIBLE
ROBUST COMPELLINGFLEXIBLE
Key attributes of Successful MiddlewareDrives Service Provider SuccessDrives Service Provider Success
Operational RequirementsOperational
RequirementsSCALABLE AGILE MANAGEABLEUPGRADIBLECOST EFFECTIVE
InteroperabilityInteroperability
OPENINTEGRATEDPORTABLE
OPENINTEGRATEDPORTABLE
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Key attributes of Successful Middleware
ROBUST – Highly Available and Reliable COMPELLING – A rich User Interface that is interactive and customizableFLEXIBLE – To support the specific needs of different service providers
ROBUST – Highly Available and Reliable COMPELLING – A rich User Interface that is interactive and customizableFLEXIBLE – To support the specific needs of different service providers
Customer ExperienceCustomer Experience
ROBUST COMPELLINGFLEXIBLE
ROBUST COMPELLINGFLEXIBLE
Drives Service Provider SuccessDrives Service Provider Success
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STB Network BufferDe-jitter
Re-order FEC/re-xmit
STB Video Decode Buffer
CBR/VBRPackets
Video data
Audio data
STB Audio Decode Buffer
Transport Dem
ux TV
Video
audio
1. Packets enter the network buffer 2. Transport
Demux separates video
and audio3. When buffer is ~½ full,
Audio and Video Decoders play from Buffer
CBR/VBRPackets
CBR/VBRPackets
CBR/VBRPackets
CBR/VBRPackets
CBR/VBRPackets
CBR/VBRPackets
CBR/VBRPackets
Simplified STB data flowPrivate
dataTo CPU
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 21
Protecting IPTV Quality of ExperienceFast Channel Change & Dynamic Multicast
Channel Change Latency Factor
% total budget
Delay for Mcast Stream to Stop from DSLAM 4%
4%Dynamic Multicast Set Up Delay 6%
8%I-Frame Delay*depends on compression 39%
39%
Multicast Join for New Channel
Jitter Buffer Fill
MPEG Buffering *depends on STB & compression
Channel Change TimeT=0
Common misconception :IP multicast causes slow channel change.
Main culprits:Waiting for the Next I-FrameMPEG buffering (AVC)
500 ms or greater*
50 ms
50 ms
500 ms or greater*
75 ms
100 ms
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* Full frame of integrated video content
Old ChannelVideo Stream
New ChannelRequest
VQE Technology Bridges Multicast Join Delays<1 second to Complete Channel Change
New ChannelMulticast Join
(VQE StopsUnicast)
1-5 Seconds without VQE
< 100ms
New ChannelUnicast
from VQE
STBVQE
Scalable Standard-based Rapid Channel ChangeMaintains the Channel Surfer’s Experience
*
Cisco 7600
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STB Network BufferDe-jitter
Re-order FEC/re-xmit
STB Video Decode Buffer
CBR/VBRPackets
Video data
Audio data
STB Audio Decode Buffer
Transport Dem
ux TV
Video
audio
1. Packets enter the network buffer
2. Transport Demux
separates video and audio
3. When buffer is ~1/4 full, Audio and Video Decoders play from Buffer at 80% speed
CBR/VBRPackets
CBR/VBRPackets
CBR/VBRPackets
CBR/VBRPackets
CBR/VBRPackets
CBR/VBRPackets
CBR/VBRPackets
STB data flow with early start
4. When buffer is ~1/2 full, Audio and Video Decoders play from Buffer at full speed
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MPEG4 IPTV with unicast buffer fill and early startearly start S-A concept – works in either, xDSL, FTTH, Lab
Action unit time total time Send IGMP leave <10 msSend IGMP join <10 msInterleaved D-server join <10 msDSLAM gets leave <10 msDSLAM gets join <10 ms ~20 msDSLAM switches streams 30 ms ~50 msDSL (including FEC) ~10 ms ~60 msCached PAT/PMT 0 ms ~60 msBuffer
Wait for CA <50 msI-frame (first frame) <100 msDe-jitter <50 msMPEG buffer (1x with early start )
500-800 ms 560-860 ms Selective Retransmittion <200 ms 760-1060 ms
Decode <50 ms 810-1110 ms
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SummaryIPTV: From Service Provider To Experience Provider
Video & IPTV: Foundation Of Experience ProviderWith Video (HDTV, On Demand), Quality Of Experience Matters
Quality Of Experience : impacting Telco’s profitabilityReducing SP Opex & Customer ChurnAvoids Costly Help Desk CallsDifferentiating Beyond Price & Content
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