Vocabutary

AB9TnACIt€rcture 6!eJ Appioo.h 16A)L pop!ody seJ h.{i g

bolhq3 ue lioreryvqk b be rcod 6Y rude s Tha Ercrylo s rror rlE rude 5 reodb sdrhe lqioudse ipi o re conmon l odhideoit o moAe oI lqnqudge did sE ol speds 01 onsuoee i.h 6 *P c$b n, Yo.db ! oryq6mro,, oid & r@oid hov ro ue rhem n o cq cod4r Rcolz ns rhe mpoi(rceornpd, o

ms sdrhiopprco(hi)o@odhqd6srorlrshme" ftt

iude sp*ctedro\{dihs mphmsnhroia{$eLLrAroorrrhenh,o@6uoryLliJis The

ddo reG @ led.d bv htryr iqt enude rvho- e+a*iueeBs Iv6rhe.6drmareod g oi Eiekh ro4uose no"eLond r

Io hbryevrhe oodtilonBehode Di

l e-ds ceil os on Nrrume lha6, Ds swrc Pocs, $ar nodsd ro

.i oy Godhs rhe ^oE

6{o6e rrre no

-6 Gorly Gded ro rrte,,ro,y lire. Ahe eeire Der -ods, oE ol Podtripqr3 -ore rhem olFp(ondi!.t roohsrcohqoll foudhs nlde 5 ',oE rlE vo.d! oo q no€hool os o

pa5llqyio-io. BaiJeJ 6! d. re rh6erh ns5 !o laLp rliam c(o rhercds, rfe nvdent oso

uedrhemr re€ll'nsqun610,!rrneqidhdoilycorue6doD- hmoEIo.spelkne

t rRoDucrloilLitoratutu hsld Ammx.h (Lla{) L: onc olwrys i'r uriryrrthrtrti. Durcrnti.

Tonn'nson (1008)prbruth.n.i.itl N oN orftlrLi{Dr.n.s lor so.rl in*ntr-

ri.Nl mdcri.rLs rlc $ites thr with authcrtic mteri s, {udcn^ gct mort

oFfo uritics (, kt.\e 6! ri l!.t li nguige l,ec^usc trutltnti. nurcrirk fiovrJe

o r ili,ral cxF(sn,, r xnd \,$6uhry uscd ,n the couftics shot Englhh k nscd

Literature-Based Learning

to Bui[d Students'

50

,, Jrnl lr)gusr L(ms xodtrri. mtqirL,nri\ r|tn rdr is urnllv n.n. n.lng Nrs nnL:,

r.rdnrs h.onrcs rL. ini',still thai w,Llbc

lld s.l , r. ln .Iru\ nis Ln.rirnFLs.il A!-ftua.L, Lircr,f*oil: s'Ji N loerr! short

n rns, rhys, rn,l trolals are the utrmxic inurm.rr N.nxnd & frusts: iJ, 1006). Tlr.trllttLosc r(l.rti. sorls, tca.hcNJ. n.t.nlrdc'rlor ru.len$' Ln!trr!. "lills or olnirv--skills rs tlnnls n,l.rni, Lr r iL. sorh oD snrdcoF' cnuht slilli !rafi.(nt sli,tLr

ln I'xnr,\.,ir, Enll\h tr.'rheN ..nnn.nlf rrr.xr 0l{5tut'oild rudenN' v.-|f lrr tlmrshn,rl'ng. l,Nrcxdolusitr{Litrrywo :,i.xrt)l,N{L.hrs nrnt |ii..Jurr, rr.on.r, (l.s.iit\ivc,.r.Yp.rn"rm mlr nrctcmi rn rciJnrs.lss.s.l'r tft, rh. tuxrs mx1D.r,,lu$ l)c

fk$ntuIl i,, , nre rni\- ol nor y, rnl runy finr:n\ nu not hrt tl.tri,li Gon, oh. ., rln .drcr.ainNcqr.nnr lri*ug. trllntr! ,tre norih.r.rqhlylnrh kn-ill litltf r.rt. $undrN .on-6'scJ ii' i,ilDs l su.rg. nrdrLs |i\i.lcd InrJJirn,, n)r u trtni(- {un.na, tl,.} lulr gor

\nnllrturr qtc: sinn rlN$Rs.h..l$ dcnr:

li..ur hnrl!r ir.n \lr.ibfhry J.\drinnxrr Ai5o,

rhq mrrli.l,orcd.igcrii,gnx\!nr.i.,Lsirdr.nunnorir! lc!!1 lii tul nr, n,nn:xln,hrIbtrilJnq, rnLl.ntr N,.,1( o|\n (lindlr 6 hcLr

tLen tnow.ln, n.,nnrq.iunt.'mitlr ronh got

uhrn turli,rsr.xts. H.(c(r u.h.h rrehf r)ri!1. 4()ll()wnrs (tiviti\ nr,si$ jud.hrs k)

nntrk rh.iix\rlnrlirr S., drr nnJors donlthrr. {Lli.icnr.rf.truni'n:. i! rr rlr RtrxLu-

lrryfmdu(n.Lf Hrn.., .rltur ih{ nnNh r.)Lliigihc..\r.,r1,.] nu)..rr.m.Dn\rirlyr,!,n{hr}

Itom tu claborttu n ., !.vc, it.ri 1[:rrn

ihxr LLA lrn bc m i,reft$in-! uioh.lpiudcrN i'nprove drtirlo.rln,Lrry It trilL lcnncirc!.oilrrbissisrsi .iFi'rv..,h'LrfbrJdrs nr rnd.n$im.ontux6. tu.rhe i.)Idy-iD3 r.riviri.s, {ulcnrs rrt enrourrg.Ll urn!(oft| ili.y |a\a llrrftLl ,n ..rr.xis T. h.wn\rirGFonse bwrd nrc imflu .ntrtun.iLbAb ,ntr.,E ln.nvmxbuh)1rhe ftsc,ml].r

IITERATURE REVIE$ILITERATURE BISED APPROACH

Litu. uR-barnAnpi.rrh {l bA) is i ulpreseni.rFn bpr.n rhtrr lir{rnr rnl hngurg...nnror bc sctJr*rd Lrnquisc ij urJ ni.JrNs.limrure Ir|onr.Ili(,N.rlc.alir$i-nk 0oille ,r.cs rlui slxJws tl,c t(,l,h.anu\.alrlurg. Nd.txrftr.,2015) Thr a why

rhisit]Il.rrh r i\tlcnrsrtuJ h.eely,n hnlurq.rlrv.on\ (, r(,rh noionlr L,nrsulf sljlls Jrhr\ rcaJnr!, iri.ng, Lisr..ir! !nl 5p.a(ils, t,ur

rt$ tM! rsc lnrr surtr rs\x\rtnhq; sr,rmm.I,

LLrA .ff.s iin. rtrJ.rrs Lcn.a6. Ihos.|ri.airs lleiLs Nrh \nrtrr hr.r,intu l)ft\ n]\ ntr{ nenE$hor.c Lrmi'rer trclylanlurgf. Usnrs

rhis inf r))!h, $rldn\ trill,nft iI lno$Lcdq.:Lo l.m!ur!., rrs, r,J -lims llN snd.r6l,Na ol,Nnrnrils ro !.c nul.l.llinslige u!\lrhdt.xl\: ll.tri\ nt linc qirl Ilili'nxmntr

(1005) rnlNlilind mJ !ructs.,ii(1006) Tl,rr-

ri( rl,r lnrnyN.rhs i r ., ilni,,llr urirtun bexprlsr $Lt tu r r r.^ r( .L rd ,nrt, nnlikrnxrs $irii.n.n ftrrl!\. !1ih \o.iLuhry,rnr1

!H rnar nn.n lur.ni n.v.loo.r frrilrlfLulrr!!r[]Ll S., ni rnrlir!rhe t:nsrisc,L,(,rrv.rksrre norr nrnmlinJ ri.r r1l r

5l

Jsi:n.!l tuxts, .rhi.h & go.nrLu,grig! n\ntr

tu t|. fudcna. Sc..nd, ruLlents \rLll lll !i(,dtd.monn riotroin s\shiLc Lrn,n! Enqlhll

N.t.nly Lit rru.e sho*s nudr"ti n!.rfrl'.itn

"ll,,n!uls., iirtn,Jrmon$ tcs a \hrLi.nrdcnh Ii.$rllc$howrudcntIeeLrlut,hclans0ag. L$ntio! l.ro..$ Unng irtnlinluis,,r:!hi,,s, odr.rs un lld m.rc drin sorknrs .!$rdcDtr'tusnitNt rit r(i lilr rl'c hnsuxsc skills

xnd Lrnsurge mrs nr.h s grurmr, rc.i6uhl},xnd nnnnNit,on. Tcx.heh .in rln)J.!tl.pr cnc trtae(trtsk'lL(V,o[(i-]tun!, l0l5). 8]r.n.hina dtn ilfc.n\t :kLLls, nnl.nh *,ll l.nu. m.r(atuLl $ fldr! {No,lirll xl Pnd.Sa ,:006) ThirJ, Ll,A pnrllc iudrnts Nrh(ltuil knolL g. P,r,dcJ. notn.d n,!on,iFrn.rlrr .orhrr b lnN A(ltu lril$.Lre.iryq . arc r l,rilliini \$t n' hn.$ ih.t.ltis xlso $&.1$ lliFrdonlLL (1005)$ho.mpha-

nzcs tirl cruy l,tcnq woir intoJlN .rlitrc.lnoulh.hri.tor rl r .om. fn,ft .lir( "nrrlxG rnlhi.klro nds idr tr iq rhrnd,lnr.l.m-l F',r .xrnrtnr, nr ih. sr n.hr.no{l\.l!tr1r"id,.r fla:, nr .h .tuF rrt J.inlNd $rl, i.dr! oiri'nc, $1in!.r pLrc,

nnllLi.h!(u, nl ih InI hrt)fd,trurcunJ tlrtr V|.n turli',-stl,. nlrr,duJc'sw,Ll ir. nNitd io hfon thr non ralrtJ!rixnJ.uliuci NnlurtLl nr thtt\. f.r iiNu,r, d\!.l)erm6 a( nn.lri lD..nnrstN n \nNlldrqiLlk rL.o{t a.efuni !,1,. fsl.s \.e.in.Nr'$rion I nnn drcrim'nunnrtlo liNfFn:,dtrJrns,e d,natrrsc.l i...nsnl!r rn! n ultA

1.1{..rrJrnn rL.c\ftsnlf. rtu $.J Itir.n!.fth. 1*)s td sfJot! ote ,'U! b(inplcLdnJr1,.(ltuc trrld'.*l n rh.i.o rhi.h

'str rLlr embdd.d !,itl) tlr lmsu*c usrJ

I lNt'rr, tlt LLA rlso l,xr 'v.J<mscs.

Tlnft{ \rcikD.s ol thr aFt()a.L c dc tn arom irs

{ rhd ,r!.. 8c.a's. th! mat{iiLrs.:lis rdr.n-ti. nl ror sirplLli.J, itlvnlnequne hri nn

b.snnus N,trhn.l ind PrucFsikl (1006)

mrnn.rn tlN nic rnfbx.h is Nfii.i.ntbef6.'nn 6rsun.nts iro llc ii .imcd,it.io -

v.n.eJ l$tl, L.ut it do$ t(n $.r[ snnnirly lor

l.crnnt.^ h.ihervonls, ih.l ,surlc Dr.,

arrd r drd^ s..rmoD\ trclond,1\c

ibil'q of(ldnrrt)rv l.\el $udenN c.N.'qNnrlf, nrldt $iLl l,[rh ilclh{n n) rtJ&nNl th. nrl )nLl it rur Lc hi, nn,ticlr

An.nt. "trkNs:,n I-liA i\ d t some 'o.il,ul*y is frcs.nk.]n a thii.(n1,vry nom whrflJ.nrs knoN. li hrrtens l[uN. LrrhLn tlns

iu.tur.l\, nr. N.tuli !,mdim.! rtu urd intor

n,rllr "ltirh m\ l,c n$ inr nudenb Th. s.rdrN'rlll nin ni ).iNr\t!r t,iul or nLl r.nr*rh$J.

'ntLno" N"rl.iJ rnd ftuctsr

(1006) n*r rl,r a,tr b.gii'tr.s, f,c!l,.hngdren..unrq .i \rr$ri, iN .r r.tuL: rxtm!5edl.i:cJ.n n (lnft "r, r,t.(.lut tlq rr. not

a,nnnir $trh is qntr. irunftri',!TL,..rh.r krtf..s oin,n,,fty.i.| is r.lrftI

nutu " srp.rraLrc..n .111016ai.mnrd

l,t.rm '**ls xn,l ihon.tl nrn.!r: li.LJ

-{n cnts n,r}..nc h.nr d,il|k rrRrtrlllinn1',lraF.ralu.\intl.rl,u.s vi.tkl{lnrn! s.rkr m iln)nktetr Lv Lrrinr:ng.uL

nfarinJ,lu gl)tr.l tdr iufi.r\rni n

!tu\1,.( n, tlt '{Lrr: lt$uJcnGisru cN

lnrJ n}r.rlfura. i,rfl,ir.J nnrctcxtsm mrnr ln,i unL nr.n p.Nnxll).ln ls, rhlt rilLl.\entjr.nnulNn ro,rrl drr tu$(N"rLnJ lir

5 )

NOVELA5 A READING MATEBIAL

N,xtlsrr.or..ilt.orvlvorlsd r'rnt'c

cmrl.ltd Nr r.aJnrg mfcriil 3(iniN'Jd'rc ntg mtcrirl, 1 tLlrnrn'Jlu (200t) mentnnr\

tlft! li.nclirs olu:insr.vds to$ndc'6' Fnn'

pNcnrcJ sth nrnrin0n ill$trx"ndrJ nnYe

\$itcn J.sriprion, {ud'rts rt domnJ'dio

irlgi,r. xll thurgs in rlt *or$u'h is d\'fld{drg. xnn nronntnt rlur d{ rhirict'rs in

nd!ls Nrkc. I t tl,rllefs's n'tl'fis' iLili\. 'rtinrNi:ins rnn inlr|]nrn'!' Ser'nJ' rdrt'd tu rhc

nnnrtrt. Nrrlirc, (o $$ uritnl 'onflits'

rhirh xru q.od () d.--.I.,t fticnd iiidrt.!ill.. Thuqh nt corilL.b, sudut" rc xhlc n'

on'Ir.motnms .l.i.h 'L^irn'r ind drn thef

l$ nrc $.\ dre .ltxn.t's 'l'rl rvirh n" trul]-

[n.sn, rlit tl,q ctr io nr"N! tlnry '!!rnnrq.re nrnrc$mc f.sitn Bri'n), {uJcnts

ur.,1!r .'liYlr wisJonN nl v rs tr$cntuJ i'tl.t $orr' lhn.l, rolels lixk 'n'rs'rllorn(tlr!i shoii r.ri6. Thc {'rvl'or'lr rol'l ilm0gh

( ritrur !(i}l i.s.nfrnrr trovld' ndc llqrLuq'

1nD r. Ait( rNtrl,in!tu Lnlurs' nrl\rthv

rriJin! xxJ r(,n'ring *ht rh" hilt luNd'$ri.n$itu rillllmfidcnttu n ti" rlk

[n!us. rlr.uqh "l'crknrg or '$ttr'q lr N'r$

rlMr srftnrs nur nrtntr mtor$ nu'!on: r'

tr,tum ih.1. rqrrri. (F(nse 1004)'

In du,"nr[ rhc n.!d 6rEngl rnrnflL '

tur(lrs n..J n) 1)! sl.dr' l)Y"nsld'rrs $n'

r.Ns The tdrl :d shrnJ hx\t in ten'$-

J'trn"r'rr 'm1l .m, . , .:noi) TL 1 ' trir nJuF

fdloulLrlr f. ilflllrr* i'f ituriirrntlmri'trr.$. tllbn f.nlu (lO()5) rln'l'oi'tro ttliii.L...n n."ds sh"rld fir "iterrs

rfln"rirtrl',. *udcrF rnnn0nrlrn.l ("rrntinlr\'l S''

rrnentl cmonoml N1 nr'nhl st)wdr Nll 1'r

$il.lc rn(l Dd [e n irrxcd Lv xn lrtenul fi8)r

ftonr i'r,flolnitte ti.ok: rhcY r'Thc lNt.o$ld.ntnnr k relatcd n' l'Rl 'l

il,fllNlq lItlrrhc**d torsc roltls srulli!!g mrierid, tln rr llliulll rNUr' drt the

mit*irl is mt t). hrd fd $rJcn$ nt Llifi

.utq l$tl.irlt n.EL nn Enelish nsirkn'n

or ht dcnn.rllr.m tlt rc'rruli$thct usil

Nrt Jn (l 006) ritcs rhit ) goo'1rcadrg t'\t:lu,lJ o{xnr xnNd 95o/onr981' oI}D'$r

\6rdr mJ rrlamilur v..ildurv b bc lo ind 6v

$!J.nts Ls n.tmonilrD5'%b 2% ItLit' nr

ltu wntr hPlt Ilr.nr$isb (aJrcn(100r)

(hth Lrrltt,.shn tht nl1ltrhould conunl

{ru.n'Lcx bitli!}n *riu$ ntr.ri ldtl 'lom!(crG Prli|s ttniion 10 tLosc s1)

cxfctri k.r\ b. ol.hdJ rl tirprikn''r ncd or scLGd !J nal^c (uJlnrs Icrl r cA' r

udeFtx,(1ing rlrc ntl)lt'kh'trr nr!!'(r!r x

|o(n oi nsv !..xI'trI'rl hnu lcidlntl\i" rcr.rr.l 1)'nn! i!lr tr'-clsii

Jr)sctr tor smc trinr! Fn*, r'ioli"'rhisr.\.1 L\'!l.h i.11s rl$tt a 1)'r \ diilt iifc mJ ritrr

e{Nricn.cs is.lx. tu{rlot'' l i scrond

b.iu{ otLlxilv lin tufir, "'uLnlq trsi 's

r"r

.\t.m.lf r.rdf,nir i'x1 dilTi'ulr rd inJrnr

Thrt I D hl. \*n Nitnr] (1006) ind Knd'ur

(lool) nrnJ, tl. nonl n n'jnrn!'illl $nl' so$c

Llhntui.ns nr cxrL iorY \rLi'h ur Lt tltcrtnt

bn,nnnllsrdrns in (nnchlitrdnig ih' $'n:

VOCABULARYBULLDING

ln ln,lLlnrg rlr.irr'oL'nhrt $ri1cn$ n'!J k'

imrror ih.ir kno$leng( xlotrt w'd nruui!'g'

A.(nJ sroLrnnl rnl LlicLst(1005)' n'

nrlut dr.irtn.st{lsr ors' s'$trJons N

53

notonlyr.quir.d ni idrntla' { w.nls, bfi rLs.

tuLnorvdn,ncanins.luonlia'r!l!\l !rlt$ in

r roL conte(. ln iJJiiion, llim.r (1007)

proroses iour isl)c.ti oal..xLuLq nNftrf rhrsudcn6 ne.J tobrild rf Fi's, t.$ud.rsN.dbknowthcd.Iinitn)n.lrhesord sc.ond,

sn,Jcn6 rc rqurcd iolQNhN to ut.tL.w.rd ii rn )fproFri:tc lcltl.an\malitywhnlidsltrirl \v.nl .hoi.c. Ihnd, $udcns nced tu

unnrrninn \hnldmx,ion, sli.6 N rll cdnithnr nm*ntr, or1. t!l.r'crh F.trrth,:nrdcrNnecl n. lnow hor n' t\ l,r {! i'r ) rtrtu.t

I h.sc isl.e.s rrt r.t $ .i:r hs* lnr tl'c(ldri.qulrtly, EIL ie.rheq.r ih. rsrnt oIrli,ng. nr thc.lxs{.oLn h.rt dr.nunon$N',llyg.t Enslinr cxt.Jr!, r..(l t, nntN?re

ni.in (AlmrJi,liDuil & ALrdnlL,lr, l0ll).&,snles pi.,'nlnu $'itrlnc Dr^turirls, tu.,.hdr

iNmJuc $udcnts sith h.lnintr'.r t, briLdnrcn

\!ol.ulirr. ()nc oite.hn(L'rs tht m 'LnrxLl!ii r.dn..d trrt xchotr is hl<nrs r n.tc wl,.n

sudcr^ nur n.w woftls Lnn tlu,*h it is ^..nvunor1 $rv nr ro.rLul:ry LuLlding, Sr hnirr

(1000) {rci l]){r.rilnnxry no(6.nlis m !.oJn) trihtrt *uJot5 nrrcdrLl'n I.rn,$!l,(rLe t. rnnrncni.n"(li.r,,irg.Ncnrskius \(th vo.iLuLxrr ronl\N[: rh(N(ii,nr.Jtokno{ ihlnown!on:;nLl ncr,LwhriNdngnim! utiN1i.rw.ds.

Atuth.r te.ln,i(lrk is et.LLnfs Attur rrcttmg

b lrula.vnrputLyre nrq,$!J.nrs .11dt$.rt l,NlJ.n rhor tu,rlnrs )0ith.url,rln!,Lshl,hc .!)ululq,{udcnr:iunnnri.dlL] {illnosnu th ror} tlcr fur'Ll!r

'.wiir. r

rhr -,mc \th th. t.xt. Ewn thotrqh t n i,n!":.il,L, a,. nt-n n,ns. rlLe.l.L' ril.Nr rnn.

fodion:.fs.dsleaoi.d & cull)lord Inpii,llcL, hc xnd l\1ur.i! (lOoa, Iishli:r],t tl)Iusns r[c \rctu]s prn(ludrclf in srnnrg is ix]rorrrn tu rr]ll*trJdns rcDrcnturthc tarylt

METHODOLOGY

Thii rcscr.h Lcbnss ti i dcsdNM qrilirtrN. itsemh iNl obhiNJ ns dri Ly inft*-.r*-ing l,rsn eDrs$ho Fltt.J rhfi it*rs then

nFtnmc nr rcrhu rn Ensllsh l1reu)ec nowlT|cyrcr.:ls(,.hosen L(i0sc rcy lot dr.ni![cisror. on rc.at,ulxI} I(m] r sbu!.o,Nsrins .i rhLt),six nrr[nN To nnervnv th r]{i.!t,rr\, i grnl.lin! nn{Ni gudd ntcr!i.! urs

rdis , ri$iumu GN tlrc iftonlix).Tb.ifr(vi$v sc$i,n, es nn u.icJusnrgl onc

i r lans!,rc a,r nr'o rnril nnc.lron6 tluoush(l..hrt tu 4 lirii'itrtr $, \t'luhAnf for.r.rMidnN. Alicr tl , nrc nda un\.rilti,,ri n' (i.rhrirnd WhrtsAFp\da.ol.id ni tll !6 .r MiJo$lt \!il iffli.i..n. TLc\ ,h.(sl(li.r Jld m.mLer.h.(lin! by.rll i!,hr,tsl.o"J.naoN b onc nr.nnm dN rl,.

r$.rtuh(r.Ncxt. tc Ji., trrr..oJ.J trsnrlnm($q.:.I..nrs {!h xs,\,$ $d,ng, rrrL.olnrs,inLls.L(Nc..dLn! Ar(r..J,ns,dxhD,lysis)nJ ,li:nNon we l..rs..td bxs.J .n uicJl'

IHETA5I(5Io nrt,LcDrdt,ng LtrAinr furJld!clL:s, ttrn

ulnnl.lorLs.tdris,nsrL.nonlrrc J$cllfiig$u.Lnr'rttn'(1. nr fuliDs trnll inlm\n! nmr

r,,.nnrh'r\i:c. n) rJri.\r rl,. s.ll i nunl thtn' h n!\ldtri .hr iterinL.: i: !.1d d. For th.tu.L,nnt1'$, rl. orh.r.l.!sn.d x sct oIrrNi$

.5.+

ro L,c Jonc in rhcclxsro.N ln$, dt r.rrludilnl.J tli. h..h: i,to $i\ frrs.onsi$il[ rIN.tty t, thn\_ |

'!es . Le rc?d L,y tnc sudentl

ncr rr.k .uNidc nr. .lxs Scc.nil, ni cvcyn'.(n,!, sud.tsucrt Frt in small *d+\ t.hrr a dis.uisnm reltedbasiln.Ll tag$ drcy

han rerd Th,rn, dr.y wm r.scJ \rhcnr.' rh.yrcidil[.fshr r.r.LLi.squn }.u{l', r v.c.n .

Lq qui?wN rlni &rdndcJ r, [!lp nud.nb(..osniz!rvoRlsd tdreysotironrrd,ngwhi.h{i:onlL, !d o qr.hrnorqun. riftL nrc

tcirhe. ruted rn i$irL.rro h.lr $trd.rr nnn.ud.hr,, ntl .hc r.ry nt \..!(1s)rhrrbcr\orllrtlate it b drn ou rtn lLfe

F[{0[{055TU D ENTS' PERC EPT]ON ONTHE NOVEL

cF0sENL|n. Four (udd6 (Anggr, Cirrr, I)ir:, rnd

Enri)rsEed drat drc nGtl.L.sur h:J in nt&.nLnsroFriLl. tuJ$rlen).r nxnnr on ni

r.rlng Ansgi sriJ rhxr c6..hNm nnlrNnraio nnlo,r tui vtnrl rhrriltbrghnins,nrq,rilr ! rnnlful l,t$usc itrvis iviftur n,LL), inEnslinr,nal r s,rs oflgnr.n[tron xn Enllisl:}.(.*nrsnnrnr HNdtr,$dn.$.rtl,rlkr rllv.nj{Jr.i tl,. ltrs &er readnrg nnne page.

rnn ll.usht dlt the n.ry nr dr. .srl $sin0\nrg. LiLcl]!n. iiih. tu$lnn.,(inr h.'J

ncs nrfi nll., rB&l nt( r,^rlili.. ir{a: hcr

nri lmr redn)r dr EnllLh lxnlurst r.nlH.$Nr,.,ftrrr.. nrsi,m! rxpcs,sh.chnscnh.rnnJ Sh.s$ nn. nr.a\ri i| dt tuadi'rs

rrr.rlno\ n{rl dt$orvoiihc n$rl.lioscn( ,r grur rnJ dn n,riI iiig shr drr!J .lr{ t,ftrr li'r!n(. nks, shr lhLmlJ rhr ih. iory$r aL'nn).! 6uld mit h.rlxush Th..,:lt

a.lrDr.rlv cl h rRlnutul.ook:n,.c:lrl\rr.r atr lvlut haIFlmJ rnh ih..hrr.t.r nr th.next f ,sr i, rhrt sh. kcpt odnrs ihe nonlmJihhl,.J ir I l!. rl\.otlNi Ditip.rc.lvcd tlrrthr $ory or the ndcl NA dosely ftlterl nr lu.$ IiIc.lr nrnd. h.r im.rc$..|r reiJingnrcnonL. sL.xlIidmifuJ thr s|. Likrd nr. r.ryn, N,.l rh^islrc nNlll tun,mL.i N\r oln (.ntlu'gh d)e .las hr,l finNhld. Shr rdtl.d tt he

novel used wrs rpDroprixt. tu nrw L.nl $ri.nahcuN. itsxs.onnlcr.J wi.h ihrtrri.r,rJnr. rory$$ r.1 .dnr$lddtiJrllylir. rlmall. drd.nb [.lrt erse in rndehtm]i,r: dre

V..rLuhf Lr '.lrnnr

n,'..iLullly nr nr.io\tl, rl1 r.sru cns igr.(\l r (1\o n.rl \as r

s.o J!,l.ct'luilJ d).n u.ilifliry mincll'lntr$uddt (ADgga, (riin\ Diti nl LmL)

f.r.J the ronl h.hcd th.m lnow mor n onr

troitliormfi.r i. nr\6 (lro! to iriaere iar(Ver1, 2 ,rl V rl, 3) Bdi rrl Dne { .nri $ql nrrilnt tnNk.le! oi*or.l d.nuridr,l*. irl.drrrna d'/firn., !,s{s. ral J!*d ,n, xtrMnr NJdtrtrdr lr,rdtr, wN iDr|x.nJ rr.i rLs.rrcJ rlr,tr

ift.r r[lins, ]'$L.o*ldg. n!ftronl5 iIrsrr oi\F.n|nr wA ,n:o nrot,rscd

( iii' mJ Emi rtlc,l thri dr rdrl t.l.l.'I]!nrl ! J,,ilrr$irtis roJ.\fri$rN Ihcnnrcx.wii

^11. ro tr! tuul rturrd tlt $ddents

imlro.rluhq donnln y 's.!l,n.h.

nonlri:inn'lL,rl.rillm Ir rlic{,4]cyrorlJ Lrl crr n,

orJrNr (liis rhconrnt E\rn rlxarsl, !).reDnnnlirrwo :NrciL[n ]J, irJnl notnuh

dr.n un.LNrnd drc *.rv If lcss.

(rlLlntrc Ers cs tufi. NI lo.xln'li q, $Lxrmidc dicnr cxrn.d 6 r.xi nr. M.li Lvr! ndri'tii m.n $.n. .ulturc Dhrft.d h rlr no\tL

55

ln FLrnrn Ni.h .ulturc, Dita$rcJ nrr ir wrs

!..d ni r.,l a nonl rl twi:oiigtnr|rri.nrAnr[us csh! lcrn]dlln,ndhn,{ n.!v Shr

was.x.krl ro [n.$,nutr th,r[ss,vnu rhrr .lt.

STUDENTS' PERC E PT ON ON ACTV T ES

BrscJ ondrc ii crvn$, nlt sud rs (An!!r,Ben, otrx, tritu, inl Eni) lcrrenrLl r[x. unrh.so rL.i.J i,) tL,A .h \o.rl!'|ry qrt::$,rtuLlirxqn'rr -gruur disd'*uj rlri Ji\.u:sn r,rntlfr.r.!ts!trtn $r m iv*. rUfl n,rcxllrl,. !\rl r hrh drr i'[rq\. r]r.nw,.rfuhrr ElrnilrlrLsh!n\.irlr.nr(tlcii,Llit.i,and !niirin,k'(l rlut rLr r...'bdrrr(1, n nurlc dicr trdrors..nnn! tonic.lNlloqc\ri nrcy .qtu.i n, iil iharrlltuNkNdon. r LbAuaru {1.(,5Jnl m isiith.Drliuildi'r!$oltrlxry l hr $rh r Anslrsrd,rcrdrnn[ r!rc]andrll. ivki.s h ln.r&rc-trNrLl Lunlns not onlrcnnn.tlrl,(m to kro$dr. mruln!orddnriin brr oknowhosro

's! {od: rfuFrny. trn.r rLs. rgred nfti.rivrir:

J.ncNR iLLe r,nrrcNr d,.n urdcrnnnnsrlur\rcrJ !Lsd)i,io, r mluns.

V()o!!lqQ',n:!s. Thr.. fruJ! trr (r(1.(:,irrNlE ) rhd rhai r...nr lfv qu:rrnr.,J! rhun a.(tuntt.. fr.rutr. Thq a!trnrar

tlky rtrt' ar.!d b ,tiJ rhc h,^rlirti\ rr,trfuJhs(rq.oJ s..'c B(i nr.J nlrlnrc hNrrnnei s lrr$r\:.J (nnir)sr. rh.J.Ns b..rF.lrlr. !.ulrtrhrrqnr: rn- sL. Jnl .!r (.i!lnr.n,xaL.tr t,l1 Irrselt nn h.r n,ta\.i1trr. r r. :ll\LlJL,i\r rul ihc l...liLrcir..on,nrgi, tlt das.la\hr Jnl noi r.rJ rl,.lo.k, sh.\.oL.l n.rlr rNrr.Mru.r1,, Lrliryqu.itr s(c ,nr,trxt)rt$.( Sh! rJmtrr,l drnn! (lr': nri! hr

riu$Lxrcd H.r.nr,nrcs .d drrnris{rui:worLcd utllri hclD inrrolr hcr $..hrurymN.rr Lll: B(i, citri lclrdr.srr-Nxy She

lrN u,ous.onnns n,nrdrLis l)cctrscslt did

rot rcad so shc Ms nor rrrnt nn dre rcubu-hrr q i:. ln cfl..t, sM wis nor rL[ to do dNsr.m r.rivitics uhich rlomn r te$cd ihcnnd.n( Nl,drlrr nq rc . l lI nrg rhe srmc

n.l slikc B$irnd CtrLr, Eni$^rcd thrrthclJ.snn,ins Jr.oulJ nor.ni.y 1]). Ji$ be.NJrc alB,{): tiL 6u$dcd Sh! did trorpftpak or( rln..\d so sh. L$fi.J r|rrsheNoulJs.ii l.id noE tu rhc \..ihnrt (lu i: E!$ duLghnrf ex|lLi.N.nrn rnkRnnrg rirlgnrJ.ir!tlle!o.,l]tnirft]lrz li!.iu!t ol lxcknr! oarrc|[r'..n, dr.rn,Li: ihrdn:,dirya.rd d[m ()icrJ lrr1).o.her n n.tardynris ruI.,rnncnh nrlghrhrlr not rcrl.lir tr.nl

McrnNhiLe, Arygr in.L l)iq wd. rcsFonncD6

*h. rlid not icct mxnn,s trnl, rllt[sr".ini. iics.iL6A i".Lutliii!\rul)trlary(luf. lh.f.rd rh?r'.rl,ne nr. r.vcl\*5 nreadng.nrdth.trvNxbnl;ry Lnxr.rf lis inrB^.nrs rficrk,nlnrg. An*rr rl.ld rirat.lxsrrm ,'.nvrit:ni.h xs \ouhnr) ,ll,::$, rcillLDslruizzG,

luLf !liiuLsnn), $u, rtic nnJ xsngnmrnr, ril

'hL ii'rt'i titujrr \tr.Lll tucr$in! nf l'rdr Eorh

oinr.m il$ i{rerd d be..r\. or ntc rrivirics1l.n! rn LLA esl]erLrUy!..,h,1.,ry(luiz, rhq,r.uLn !n.w .trc ,r.m ii,! oi $m. unIaflL,:r$onlsrtrln,cl drld rlJ ur dr.N.rJs inr

F\rn tMushdm.(lrcn, (:ih niE.i )oaiLcm lilr ri!$rxtu,l L)curs. nrrIis (rli, rlLoanre

rrillnldtrr ,tlrccl r]]ar dn! &tiltl n.N rttNnnr,l)tr,|, nromr, rud Vo.'Lul.q ruu )lso lcn,pk"t!t l.l J.retll:x. v,q Thul ,,1n, turlizrl

56

tl t!.a0{ 1ln \..rtnrlxryqr,: is prcnr .Jn\iig J(fion r.rivltrrh.rc nr. nndent5 r(t.ih! worJs whit rir.'.rhrrs^ !.nrgir.nr.rsNULn!, tL.n sonlLn.sl.dge nr t.nN.lrr.-nunriitnnr iDd spclli.s vN inprorEl.

R.tcllins QuL DcsiJrs {ulnnxryrluf, ihcR

wr aln, rcrlhrn qun. Stunot $ .irJ ihxt

rh's x.nviry fuslrcrl dur to rcad IItl).ydid r.ir.NJ, dr!] woulJ nLb ir

^ nlrnl rarcr m d]n

(tri: !i g.txL11s.ort.T1,ir rtiri.! ear ilso irh.e *hc( th. stud.ntro'la u:!v.uhnlxrl,n: rontoit. Argg. dnired rhr nrii qri: r.dl..nrlirvq i: \L( lltlut os! of\vlrrnt r.rnrlfu n!rl.I\nonrg dris qui:,ltc Jnl noi on\kno\ r1l: n.irrirnm lnrl mern n!.lurnni!1tr\o r Lc l,r,nJ,6rr h. il$.oul\l L:. n[ vo s

m?.!nt*r I ile A.3si,lrciisr,a dlt slic

sluuld |rq.m ih( (|,i: N.Ll b r. ing tl,r tlklIlsLc,ld not nrl n,.l,r '*\,ln r.t b.:bl. t,rftll rlt. s.rr ..rBhcnsnrlr nr i.r.lhrn qu L:

Lr rmll L, Enti n .d tlut this (t,ri: ift..I h.r r.riJ. Shc tqrft. n,s th. tulll nor .nlv .ncc

btrt nn( hDr.s or fo! in.s b rullth(l..i,nlrln *.rf so n,xrshc..,ld l). nu.nr nr r.tdhrlr

STU D ENTS' PE RC EPTION ON sTRATEG ES

IO BU LDVOCABULARY USING TI]E NOVEL

Ihc .li0 l.om the nr.rrn$sfimJ aNrtu.lmntL'.\ tlustrJrns $c!l nr nnrnnt rlttr\b-n.uhrr l.r R alln9 lh. noltl nr LbA. ,\ftoiNinrg trlarFsbtrhrfrht ihq r.r nltr

ri'nilirNirh, B{ 1iinl, L\n, and Enii,r,illr(onl.l Nli thcir iritnls o Lnow dre msrii,gV'l,iLAiscrr Br..xnliir..ltl.t qoh.n.Fn.J r Jlnonarli' nnr fic fdnlm,ll.rid1l)ti r.uJortd} m(ring ar.r i irlnntr

rnn, tnili', dr.tr snartphon6 Thcn,Arysr,ltdr Citu.lai$.J rhxi rhq sreiml tlt n.rnirq.lnrc . s ri.n tl. ..nrcxr t(lilod Tlqali rdmnt.J dlt xit$ g(fiig s.mc nlq lnrln'Lrq, thel J,r .c.hrlues t, krrr rnc \!.nnLLrr'Thos. t..hltrN ir. str nq n.i$ rnl u! ns rh.

T^!iDg noi.s.Sn rt$'116( b Hntnntth. wokl. nrcy (uJwNb] iiknr! nnnr norrs

Ir..rl.lt.l,L.r'".,nn,lIf jounr orrrt.rx-rnnt rrtkn dr..nl.n rli. n.tl lJerint*l nr,t

o.r im. sla.s.t n@ !r! sxrrcrrcadln!.nrr

rotel tli.montriL.kynr h ntn sh! nr.l ir

.n h{n)m Mll Trh,nqnotu {is)lni (ritri:

fn icrrn.c n) ftir.nbtr ftN soRl Sh ii ii rl

J,c$n,tu nrcro .,{. n.icbo.f, rnlil,cnu'sli nr.t by1tuiq tln,"ods, she r: rLL!'n,

t.os h, $ r, :t,.ll thc soaL ( ort..ny son\.-

rlm.r sh. rl!r hr,.l! rnn.hnondi!.rll.n rlr!

rf,at 6y sn rlr ilt lftldrNhn tnnnfiion .i nrK i Il,'ing l*.Nhr (lLri Jnl, Diti ind Eflri

url'llf.nJrJ *o drrn,. (l(l tdr kmra Ait.rrlDi, thq lokc.l nrl Jr. monrng "r nr.m n1

(nnc itr.xrn,cs.+ drN.n l.J n, nr. nov.l

Lr\n,s nrc n.rsod5 Bcsitl.s iJ<nrq $n.not s tnl'.r on dr! book or Jindlf.n thr n$al,

$nJ.nrs 'Lsc\lifodl tcJni(L'r n, im|r.R ilor

!.!,trlrq nrcflcin,cllrrns r. ny B.ri,l)rhrrl Fnri iml drt tL$ !.cJ .h. oobtlir} rltrrrklnrgfitli.ir rc.cllinslrtn T., (ll ni. rorrrlq r nL.rrtiin rrs,s, rh.t.iel n, u{ l])!nc$ \L.ds nr.l lou.,l a! nrtrl, is nr., (n'lJLrr..k!&,1'l,r "h! rLs. r tl,r',, 6u1.qnr

h.rnLitrs rtu,r..r ii,r r orJ-i.siqnn,rnt (irirh

nt q[ {N rhdr dr.rnn inl " lii,rLi:sgnnlent

$lin!r wis rlut rllir Lirl.\rrri.f.. T]\dr,IrnL

xnn Cn : Ls. rfc.l tLrxt d,"! n,t.nL cn,lnor.(1

57

nre words r aNriiijrxtNt brt ilyr nn tl rho\,s.(h r sD.rkine n.hor thcl.h.ftcJ uifi trichJsno,n ile qiire n.urtnrrr(Enj:lnL Edn(.tr6xI )cp*nn.ni). Ciitu elen $ill hm.hL.e.i whrrtrrly \o s she uni i,r rire ronn^iti.\ nL.h

^uroir/, (ur, Ud., hd /i,o6.dp. Dit. rddcn drallDc oi nre nringr int Durle her hottvar.d bre lilc novrl *is tc.{,sc it!v} tuhenri,n,thit n DtuviJ.d morevo.iLr,laryr. t.rr

sio lrrxt.riqu lvrt nrc.hfi(B. rn.!lJ,rn,r, ilhrm.nh wA rrcsrrt..l nr.hc rcti!o,1.rtr. ,Jrr.r, r,tnr u,,l,r.rr'r.trr. r!,n.\.."n,1, nn{n ,,. utirl \rjr!, +.t.rr!u.L| trJi h |,tr.- ! t,ut r a.d, i rh.,o\r1tr,!

n.r r.. h.d f.r rh.nr. Untinnirrsor.ts Jid noiLn .r nun.n,:, -mrrchcrsn j ft nrdi.rttLlnft r..rLthrr us.d in tlr n.hl sas n.iItrrGom ihcsn(o(cipa.ill rt ir aa([e]wtrt)Naridr (1006) s|o stes rhx. Rtut s nui.n:tsJu'la.on.,in 9t% ro !8% a nnir*orts so+ r.ru.l r ,,1.!t.r, .r, trr t.rran.t,nrnL!i r'-nr lrr.t., rtf , nllrri.hc,,(1001) \,ntr hN rnrtr HrNnkis whtrtr v&\n)ir l.rmfs nleJ r .on,lrrcho\ilt! hfrt nri(I'i.nr! I n.\y Lnsuxle Q,nr)roLrcnsiLt. ino,tri.{f is d.nncJ A 'n irjrm sirn tu rl[ $k[,;\sl)({ll h ]itncLcy.nn rhrnrkrcri tr.ds\$J.Itrq. Fnir rhc dra, tr..n L.lin.wn il\r thero!!l wN ntur.nnr! !n.c irM: tul.r n, drcir{ud!nti J)]ry lirc. Hihirinoatu (tooi) \y],nltu wnh I \.,xrils rlu. R.{tinn nr.trcDLis\u|)riosi b lr! ]nk,.sjDsrnLt.trturoi,non r.rirlon: J tl r rho! r,ilL te.l rturdd 6 uJ

I..nrrr.trc!,.s rn t)urtlti,r!!o.ri ,n: lhcnn,.., l!r.,i ,,.t ,r,nL rr,I xLrr.LJ,nqrqn n rFI tr \t.A ' ntrm.r r,-Fn,rl .lr.r, Ii, (,rt.r ,,.r\1.,r.

:.lnom rk.n n, thtutr.h.,s Th,rtritd tu nnnthc nnui,'! l.) rh.nown.l, ituti.,r!j rLit Lt,\ r!,ul n,6rr nuLtqil! rrof.rmh tc.b D"Tl).r ii ', tincjyrli r irscr(h auttJo.. t,Nasrj, (100r) d LbAo,rLl.snrllcntsn)t..uli,rleN ..nfq tunlc AN.trr.ur

Ahrr*r,i:nrr*d: ruLtcnhJd? ii)[,,-,lnq.rrilr\ Dhrn rklLiI! qui:. thr icrt,d

DtscutstoNsTL). rerrlN.idr s rs.r..li irJt.r( tLrLtrscd

on nkl.nN Irr..l).ion, tti. rorlar nrt l.rri,r!mI url i nlt dnltt.s Jon. i,r hftsre.tnrqll{tr, c.il.jj.L , r.irl,nr ,r,!!iL,ut.nl.

' l ',!. E\.,, n, !r.rrtrt,r,,trrsrt,!

$odcr6 (Rfn, cnrar Eni) acLhxn{N wh.n!1.i,,!,rui::N rtrq..ulddl,oytrirrd{mcD,c.fl1,gs. BNcJ or ih.Jra, dkr.arit,,xn\,si J ior$ l)c.rtri nh nictr n^t i r. ftii,r,str n..!lu Ln!nsir liolu.isc Th4Iet.to$,tur. (iJiir! r. r drcnn! turt Lr!ause of rtrc,!, r r.r In

l\r!!i J I tr. ). J ntr(,tr rr 1.! t'.j,tr.t,.lvhrn,.nft! lrd.ipNs !.t. IiD,iqLr l).trcbrur rrr.J !, tlr(.i, Iilh ].vriftEnsL,dr rori.lntrrd h Ls i| ti,t wtr| NonirJ,r tn,t.rsanl11006) uho rrc ,t r t.LA \xrkr tr.I a(rv!d.hr.utrhgl).!l LryL,sir r,!t,.iur$ tir db\. s|.n.Enr:i.h Ill]'n]cni t:rlt rj rn,n.nrrtsrt. r ].Ado,rn(ts n,cnr r)\,rI hxd.r nr niJlhtxnJ, Erl,.: n.!,1

lll)!o.i, iir tuini,,!n&. t,fN nr s.!r,rir'r!'rn$, nnr tnrl$tuLl ri,, \,nr! Rrn,r:t,nn n,r n(ntl u.r on Ri r) l[ nr [rtuslN.D tr.,u:. iti. n)fn,.n.i, rio,n nk,,drly LiIc i) rift nnn. ol( ).trj milhr lur r

58

iike.l rudcrb ro ru.llrltur r.idi.gih. nonlusins iheir.avnrvods. Usu, U nr thh R$ion,

rl|} r lnrc nNL.rLls l.rn !r. lrisxctivix..

$rs l,L. ? trilsr fur fllcrs rc u\c rl.r.nls i'l.onkxs. h is inhresrh L!. ann Mun.i.(l00ar)\rL. highlisht drxt urng tlk word! Frodo(nalyi,\ wrnih! n rr.rii.nt t. Dukc $udcntr rcncNb.r dr. ialg( vo.rLar ldy l.r^o(l (rl1 Ad.liri.n.,Uv,oubnlcthc dr$,i.nrr oirhcmrLa useJ ihrs.iJs ld rrcihrg b thcn nr fts. So, tr is tuctrlurF,)1s.(:004)xnJ Lins! rn,lNrr (1005)

My 11*i 6 d.tl,)1,lns rlrrn !.n'ln Lltry, $ndchb

.xn Feriorm dr! lansuase NlllTlI rcr'lN,mFlftll.t nr rpplynrs LLArd

Eljl ruJ$ts, hr.ll.s n lJ ituroJur.i,n.slr.n $.ri.r is skfi .fii...xh tu$t.!ro\iie s.rftnlir G tl'. $trLlorr blnn !oi'r!on t,( nrsi n4.l Itistela se not lnu'duts hrt rctrJ rn Enddr lxnlurlc n.rlR(.Jii'g Dov.L $irh.nr siviiis x rr.r Nhnn!1i,!r rcit| r frxc rnnfl..rrrill DuI rhun

anxnarrnl n. n's Jqnln!rni!ni.. lnrlt..lNroonr. k.rJlmotivt tL.nrinr( nrg r

ErylrL tuxrtrh.n nr.r inroi undciitrnd $hrttlBrci fulftuL[!(r n,$tn4sqsnn. nr

Aliu!(nng n,lnrcnt lrNrim.cs by uli,rqslnri$on.s nr ErslhL linpripc, thcn..ni.d$( milhr 1,. {*n.iurlf .|,',Nd T|.r, r[.tu.lN.rD gilt i hishu lL\rl ollitc rrwrllikci no\rl Byd.ntgs., dr. *rncn6 wilLn.t Lc

{rscJ r.idin: x rn!.1 k,5ii,,..irnntitugnrn x nonl hrcsty n ith.fi fntinnMrr thev

$rrl.in\nnLs S).tlnrm,!h.l,rrr ndrxrik

Nrrninr bllore Jonrsrlir ixr( rLar..trllldNnnnlc rlnm ii 0di'r!.

cot{cLUsl0NLIJA rs i g..J id.) rrrrli.dLr: r.iLlnrgrlN.

I lslt\u, nu.lents nee.l a For.r tiilrlrL AtlryliJr EJu.tri.n dcp:hncDtoione u.nrrnrnr lnJ.rcsi! iinfl.mdftn rh. LbAusnsx n.Rl.]nrn(Mi$ tl,r {uJ.tBt, r.rd, t|ct.xrhcrsupporeJ rstrh x.rivti.snr.li

^sr \..j1) Ltrf

qur Nl dcLl, ng qrn. BAe.l ondtiu.l.nr'pcr..$ion, tl,! rtiviriN Ll.f. rc .It!.rnt n,

fush thrnr tu r nn]x.ctlni.'..rln,Ls\Ntn thonsh $ncruJ.nts lilt ri0{rftd NlrnrnN i h! b.sflrins, l,nt ftul! dr$ in' tti rlurdr{g.i b.D.nr lr.N tlr. i.iivtr,ls.Th.r arNrdif, nllrnxn' tr.r rii'ny.rtrtdb dretr l.rk,,idnrr.n... nr r.rhts En!ll!l)

tux$.Th. [tlnrs nnsht hNtlr(,n.xu: t) rl]. r

utnrlliriq \kh, rorrl nrtnll rLniquircllsv.vri in rr.!Lnigs.v. ! prss, $rLl.nts

r r.d b Lc ftcr!$d,n ru.lnrqthe L,rL S,r itI nLslNtcJ aor tci.Lctr rlro $rt i. nnrlemotl1,Aln J Eljl r.ntuxiL !rrh.nnd. siru linnilirri m Enr:ihh L.nrlujrc

'utL n

$m n \,:l rgr!i,nfl.rLn.r,fs.'li ikc,slui n.q Iist Lrlor., !n! n"'.15. Vnl, r .lrtn.rv, suJdrs rh.,1o r.r lik riJn,q"Lll nor

l,r dcNln lm.J r.rJnrr rh. br! M rl w.r*lrriftn n) tl). tr4.t hnlurlr \nh nrimilirr\n.iLul,D Unlikc nonLr, Jntrt nlrilr &

"i,nrlc rnJ rld.. Ii N*.,"1,Nl rttm,nxry

mtunls l,rnm lntr",lu.itr!nr.1.trF unr

rr n lrnlr ni dt NLrtr.ldm.d rro,n ni.l,.ol,l,s.l.r11n,n$Lr,dtrJrr i,.foii.tlnr.tTli.nksgni,r! r nrc.n\.uLrdr! inturli..J nl

tli. no\cl I i r,,\',11i$ r!iillorh.r.nliurelrlu.snlt-m I x nnn.Tl].nn'I,c. i'nLglcr.J n, Nlr iuJu$ n, *rltnt .ultur.s

59

.mfrtlcJ r thc lrn$agc l.rnred lrcm tltdorl Tliccrlrur. nur Lc rchrcd r. rhe $tntortiL.o iml p.lir.o.\ h n! miDi.ysh{ethes.(i'rs n expli,kd Jesrnled iir 11,. n.v.l

Thcr.NlNon is d ter.lnr. nr EFI-..n,rex6 nray atJrl./ rl\c xppm.h b de\rlop nrcn

,nrcre* in Erdirs xntl hch th.m build \o.at u-

lary. tlo*e'q, d,er l\iJ to lnoN dre $uJents

rlMndcr.n.s. By Lno*ins tb.ir .hm.tonn,.s,rcrh.F c rblc to kno{wht matcrixl rdwh*iciili.i.s tlcsig..J to sa.porttir proles H.w-

ur, ir ir rftlrglr cLnf[in:cd ihat try tr5nt!

lnRrl *.r! r LbA, studcm lin brili rLtcn

REFERENCES

Al.Nxni, Ivl , lsmiil, l l. t AL.lullah,1\1 (l01rIT|c imNit[.e .l mefucogrdt r. ]trs

rrr(eriw .n.ss$ rciding.omp,thd$nlrEnglnl Ldrus! Tc(hi,,s, 6(10)i rrt-14J.

l'.l{, ( (]00+). vo.ah,L,r -rJ,',,lj,r,1-"in!k,tr,iLo@a(N rA.'rl' .o .h$roo, i.".h,"( AnnArt\r, Ml, L\rntrn$* ottrli.hlgtn lr.s.

lrrm.r,l (1007). aL [d.'.. oJ Edin, L,'ruilrlrrr,ms (4,r1!J rcn) Esd, Ilir:on Erltrr(l.r

rlLrl,et, [.,& ( nil, M (]00s) nrJrf{.Lo,ins l r(h,[q. lv]illnni, NJ, E'Lt iun

Hil.mlnonlu, M. (1005). T.i,l,iIg EnglLsh

dyorgh lL.drufr. l,.,in ol a,qkr. r,JliisAn.SiiJ,A, l(l) 5ln6

Kr.shcn, s. tr (1001). Ar!1o" .- ",lnrglr(tr!]',iritio, d bt: tuLjld Ldrr5 n)n!oxr(1, \ H, Hcrdnrnn

Lrr,Sll.,&Mr.(i.,J (1006) li.N rc.errir! r)|t)Jusnr, lnfrt,lnrr llSI. lim.ri' usc .a

ut'la,lirr i'r ) fo$r..dn! .omluirn rsl

IEIOL Qki trir, 40, 11) tllo.li,Nc, (r.T. &Numn,l). (1005) r.lrn.ll E sL

,,"e'd!r ra.niis: YorDn lnstr?r N.wntrl,M. (iIjNHill ESL/tLa

-v rrL,ll (1001) Ll v..rbuhr} llinrilrs G.m

..ntcx. Sr.ituli.s, kt.Lrlcdqe $ur.6, anlnrcir r.lxhoDshir -irh {,...s i'r Ll lc al

,Dfucrinr!. _aaSOLQtrano\ r7, 61t-670

N{i,r,, P (1001). Lnm { $.alr(L'! ,n dDruhiLk!! c,nnrnls!, UK: crnLrnls. LrinD

Nonand,l) I , sr fnNlsrnl, T. 11006) 7\

,rJdJr&t? d nqr!]tr d/ !u r.fl. Jn ra!r,;,s

E.sld io.1,.,r..,, drr' idtr( d(. \\r.nNi.,(i,ftr ler.L.rli(aifr\s.

Scl,,'ir, N. (1000). $.d6'id.- n L,Ls r,!.Mn|Ds crnbnd$ UnntF ri Pr6s, cunbidnc.

Ton,h,! , B. (l0lI). hnrt Ltr !1,r ,ridcs

inJ lrl!.cdnrc. oI nten?li lcltl()flnrnr. lnlr l.nnrnnl.{ )Maknd!,ltrJoI't -li^(.i{r ..d,l,o,a G,.!nl dLrilr) e nl.rnllo;(.,mLiJlc Unlv.Nry fr.sr pf. l-l'1.

\IiLndrxrrur., ((l0li) Tlt. us.ot Litsum nr

nr. hnluipe .[sro.",, n,.nbJs Nl xnn.

I^tr^an-", /,.ndl,1 ldo, utb. d"l El,d,io,li,nnnos,5 (L) nD ii-7')

60

APPENDIX

Qn.snns of sd.i'nunlld infurlclv uscd

I Ergaiinddm. nn t Andr (ninrg kclxs

L ilrsinnNi menurui An,| rcnhns no'tl )ins

L MentrrutArli ala[rL Jrngrn m.nL']i'i

no\rl Jiheli: n rling |drg AnJr [utinliirrng h bi* ncninglfkrn mcrbtl4l

hri lnr tcnsilmrn fcitan ncml)i'i no!01

tlahasr trysris. Balrinlnr t.iN[ Andr]

Apilt'lr ,\ r nensrirnr tc litinl Kcsulkrr

soxl rc.r6r B:srimn^ $ Ardi nr'tgriri

.1. SctLrh N.nJar.rtlxtr Losr l:,txLtr, Afi!nsAnJr l,JruLm urrrk ltbrh nrunahimilri