Essay of Phisiology

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i c D o m a i n

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Essay on the physiology of writing, by Doctor Javal.

Javal, Émile, 1839-1907.New York, W.B. Harison [1894]

http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t0wq0f605

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gi eteac hers

ementin

eauthori edreport

ppointedto

e ct . o h n a c ks o n

actic eofHand

of the erticalwriting

g e n e r c l ea rl t he

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ountriesarethe

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O F W R I TI N G

I T IN G A N D L O P IN G W R I T IN G .

o n — I . H i s t or i c R e i e w

ofA dults— III. The

IV . Transforma-

gintoR unning

o n.

.

edin the

h a i n g co me u n de r

rofPublic In-

f u ne i 1 8 1 a p-

e s of t h e e e a n d t h e us e o f gl a ss e s e p t.

an d p ri a t e li g ht i ng ^ , f r om t h e po i nt o f

ft he e e s O c t .i , 1 7 9 B o o ks a nd

2 1 7 9 M ec ha ni sm o fw ri ti ng M a 2 1



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it i ng . 9

houtneglecting

schoolfur-

ofsc hoolbooks

eorge and

andc ameto

Adiiii iistra-

r i ti n g fo r o u ng

cipalc auseofnc arsight-

appeared.

ofthe report:

nk thatgreat

e ac ting ac -

d sformula

htpaper^ the

andm opiaw ill

snotdenied

ponthesub-

ting intheplace

spinalc olumn.



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en willap-

lanc e but

ainforsound

beopposedto

sthefurther

thecharacters

whic he er one

u rs e l e s h a e

dalsothat

nadultand

hand which

traighterlines

eedonl inc linethe

i n a n c as e t h e

placingthe

metric al parallelto

thepaperinf ront

oidthelateral

nowsofre-

malpositionof



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t t er o f a n ua r 2 ,

t o s tu d t h e h g i e n ic

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asub-commit-

thesub ec tof

thissub-c ommittee

fthespecial

1 i n f ul l a n d pr o -

tion which

:

m c ou i s e a nd t h e

hildrenshallbe

ormulaof Mine.

A w r it i ng o n s tr a ig h t

O D R E C T .

ma think

earstheAdminis-

nabletoc on-

7 -i i a 7- s c t o ol s . i e ne r al r e po r t b

Printing stablishmentandMasson s

8 4 .



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e

anuar 26

osingtheadop-

n ranceisthe

ginthiswa .

a s1 8 1 * I p oi nt ed

achingrun-

drenaccus-

lope and a

edaph siologic al

mentsof thehand

riting.

tudiesthat

ting: i .

nentandw iththe

rsaloneare

ereasthewrist

nthelatter.

it i ng . R e u e c i en t i/ i ou c M a 2

V I I. p .6 7 .

ng o ci et e dc B i o lo gi e N o . 2 , 1 8 3 .



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t in g . 15

nfreehand

. Henc e it

eehandto

itisnotpossible

thewrist.

tto writewith

anc etothe

gintowriteon

ethemincline

andtheslope

ourse.

co n i n ce d t ha t t he

c hildrenistowrite

ughtogi espec imens

oungc hildrento

h e ma o r it o f

lopeofthe

ce s sa r t o s a n o t h -

madopt ertical



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pologi efor

heacadem a

er smallimpor-

we er thatin

inf iringatlong

soldiers sightis

nglishParlia-

othemost igor-

us andt iebest

eof theac ad-

ec tofpopular

bers therecollec-

population

wingthereading

ne a u i s n o t e t f or -

htoc allattention

alf itness which

ppreciatedb



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therartic le. The

ingnolonger

eused.B ut

r thewasteof

ewriter itisfar

er thiswaste

of theedition

ficestoe plain

entionofprinting

constantl

easedgraduall in

o rt o f i de n ti t b e tw ee n

terslasted

r t he i n e n ti o n of

tabl the

e seethe

arancetowards

tur thisin-



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g. 2 3

r theresult

othateasil ob-

oad-nibbedpen.

dpen cut

nad anc ewhic his

nc eof thef ree-

a y strokesare

ac c ordingtothe

ortheunitthe

e theletter

nasquare of

enibs in

ebetweenthe

eenibs.The

ttersiiandn

theuprights

arealittlemore

thanforn.

ffersfrom



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tan pressure

hebroad-nibbed

andtheelastic

artermasteri

cles orcon e

romtheendof the

ontributedpower-

thesi eof

th i s in e n ti o n i t w as

eunderthepen-

oldpeople.

opia particularl

mustha eac ted

direc tion sothat

me b allow-

thanthe

earsightedness

dtheirwriting.



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g. 2

hisdoubleac tion

g l as s es h a s

imum fortheuse

sbecomeanessential

e a nd m o pe s be gi n

glasses

uenceoftheir

w h i ch i s o ne o f t he

c entur , has

gingtheformof

simplicit , b

es peoplewho

astetheir

blehea y

eansofc hangesof

dthe write

w illbegi en



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ti n g. 2 9

s whoareunder

e r f a st a n d

noughtolimittheir

onof ertical

didthe know

nerinwhic hthe

heotherc anbe



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TI N GO F AD U L T ,

ttowrite

nthatthe arc

utatthesame

otbe directec

intendedt ^

Thewritin<

belegible

ef ttheprimar

sablethat inaddii

w ithouttoogreal

antforthosewhd

ofessions

ghtin the

sc hoolsandir

whatfronll

theteac hingo c



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r i ti n g. 3 1

c hools weare

somedetailthe

mongadults. We

stud themethod

allthosewho

o befollowed

c utionof thebodil

ethodc onsistsinob-

orkingof themost

eitherb natural

possesse c ep-

hemo ements

ample thoseof

of theChamberof

ile look ingc onstantl

thespotthe

gsinaf ine

d suf f ic ientl legible

artotheprinters.



s s_ u s e # p d



ti n g. 3 3

areameasure

otionsof thewrist

ofabsoUitel

ichisproduced

tmightbesaid

o t o s p ea k t h e

butonthis

ted ariousother

stoshapethe

o ementin

a n d re g ul a ri t t h e

l e gi b il i t .

ristandf in-

o me p e op l e b a

eto form

allowofwrit-

emuststillbea

a n ce o f t he w h ol e

isthisc on-

sisapoint



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stbelaid.

a eforgot-

tingmaster

geofthetable

sona narrow

absolutel im-

eof thewritingis

anarc ofac irc le

elengthof the

thatof thehand

ic he tendsui

pro ethis af ter

edforwriting

thebegin

theforearm ie

asac entre thef

ranarcofaiiii

astocoincideiri

totheuppeilici

mmobilit o c c



s s_ u s e # p d



i g . 35

rapidit of

noftheforearm

thoutrequiringthe

isc ausednec-

iswholl dis-

enalongtheline.

thiss stemis

lineispre-

s o t o sp e ak w i th

nothingis

straight

asapi otbrings

.Thefirstis

e paperadopted

hediagonalwhic h

owerleft

almostperpen-

ble.The

writing when-



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ngwrittenis

arm themo e-

necessaril a

eaterthan 5 ' ,

rsandthe

anc eof thehand

nsiderabl , par-

rokes.

blesustoan-i

writing putonthe

ewritera

eac hofwhic ha

thepentraces

esultant thesC i

paperthe

armandhand

s.

m andof

ed thedownstrokes

nnearl perpen-



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sion thatitis

papertoward

tequaltothe

dthatthewrit-

aterclear-

posedtheelbow

ble apart

beusedwithout

oughha ingno

bowc anser e

d p i o t f or t h e mo e -

c e w ithre-

ebod , that

s notentirel

es althoughit

sede es one

swork anditis

sotoplacethedots

f o r e r c o m-



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ti n g. 3 9

as o ns t h e e e s a re

sagreeableto

uelines c onse-

owriteaswead ise

eantheheadto

thetwoe es

asnearl as

ne thisisa

radults w ith

ebod areno

ultinwriting

sontheis and

onotwait

dtoputthe

ndthec rossestothe

enienc esc ome

terruptionof the

tein onegroup

elettersof the



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er c onsiderable

oretimetostop dot

ntheregularmo-

omaketwoor

al l , m a n p e r-

er m an , d o n ot

c rossthe/

whencecome

ccentstothe

reatl w ithlegi-

, sc atterdots

d whilewiththe

t h es e s ig n s ar e

erplac es.

puttingthe

until the

ongisf inished

culcatein

e donot



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' r it hi g. 1

bettertofor-

dotsandac cents

atthe be

ntl inreading

punc tuationshould

thefirst

emonec anwrite

arl . Ifw riting

printers itis

otsandaccents

nderwritinglegible

topeopleha -

suppressing

totakenotes

laiuo towrite

gsofthe most

ndallthesesigns

o erleisurel ,

a s e cr e ta r .

sothe er great



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ew illshow

as beenre-

n e e n l a n d

lit isinc reased

sof time onre-

edotsandac c ents

bidtheomis-

g re s er e d e c l u-

n pe r so n al u s e.

t h at t h e he a y

a e r s l ig h t e -

ndratherb the

pressure

traf inepoints

andthoseofmedium

nnecessaril long

f o r th e c ap r ic e o f

mfrombeing

sthe areini



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-andq andhere

e made

e p en ^ J a ck s on

etthec onnection

ltakeaform

r se d e a s t o

obeconfused

edthataman

a eagood

ha elef tthe

hemustbe

eriod suc hahand-

rtedtoodis-

. I f e r g r ea t ce -

writingw illbe

nedpaper and

regular

thewrist.



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r it ii ig . 5

o freehand

hemotionsof the

nderatingpart writ-

lesha ebeen

Taupierandb

ese pen-

meritedobli -

werewrongin

teac hingof

ichthe had

hewritingof

ecop ing

theimmense

op l e ha e n o n ee d t o

tthepeopleas

dlegibl , and

and Grimal

rtuosiof thepen.

ththe fin-



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e r d i ff e re n t.

whichdirec-

ng thepen

f lowingand

inpassingthat

writingformed

road straight

amed whichap-

all itisa

/dif fersf rom

dinwhichthe

w i ll b e l oo p ed . T hi s w ri t -

ediumnil ,

alhaiuh riti ig.

madeknownthe

peopletopre-

aregomgto

hildren the

ngispreferable



s s_ u s e # p d



g. 7

F C H I DR E N .

areason-

chtoachild

d o es n o t e t k no w t he

er c omplic ated

egrown-up

o writerap-

ouldthisbedesired

daptedtoit for

muc hshorter

therotationround

pento trace

w idel f roma

ritingismuc h

omakeuseof

hesemo e-

enup thec hild

tireforearmat



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a n d to m ak e u se

ersinmo ing

himselfin

ledpaperis

r en n o r ea s on e -

onof thecop -

he linesis

andisnottobe

noftheforearm

p -book is

tbeforethec hild.

that e enfor

opingwriting

sequenc eofha ^-

ht. Topro e

hec hild make

writing: if lef t

bookbeingstraight

inspiteof the



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ng . 9

c ounteract

Gi ehimmod-

hew illc op them

s no e i l a n d in

h e wi ll t i e in o ' c

straight which

ureof thespinal

a n d ab o e a l l m o -

gni edasthere-

ewriting.

tnc ti eten-

c hisgood itbe

gwriting

msel es: c op -

torc op -book

onofthe

theobliqueposi-

einclined

hichreac tsb



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he whole

turnedobUquel

fbendino:the

e restofthe

e m en t t o a o i d a

eck andto

it totheright

-bookheld

coliosiswithleft

ce d t hi r t e a rs a g o.

a s l op i ng h a nd

placedstraight

demandwhatisc on-

otenoughtoplace

d ; itmustbe

dtheunhapp

his rightside

ow whichleads

derandto

bod onthe



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g. 5 r

esascoliosis

. A neminent

hisattitudeto

eC ommission

erofPubUc

wastopic al:

o u p le a se a n d o u

" T he c el e br a te d

inecur atureof

romthebac k

tterC ; the

werthanthe

el insignif i-

eseriousisthat

titudespressthe

wminutes and

whic hthede-

muchspace

thee hortations



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ac herwouldbe

l.

anismb which

ofscoliosisand

ownelsewhere

nbemadetoit

swhoha e

a b o e a l l in

udied. Itisenough

aphsshowing

therclassof

o n t he h g i en e

nn a 1 9 2 U r b an a nd

ublishers. eef ront-

c huberttook

twoclasses

remberg the

us a t ti t ud e s of s c ho l ar s . R e u e d h g i en e

5 7 0.



s s_ u s e # p d



ti n g. 5 3

wrotesloping

hadpracticed

ear. Weareas-

entwasfaithfull

b u t e e n i f it

ee aggerated

ec tofwhic hM.

mostardentand

itisnonethe

wnpersonal

heattitudesarein

mongchil-

writing.

III ranc ois

nisterof theInterior

noMinisterof

didnotc onsiderit

publishamethod

writing andhe



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dhandwriting

atfirst.W e

iststageoithe

consistin

bleletters and

isionall f rom

B utas inthis

tbeallowedtoc on-

esttomakehim

board which

thepreser a-

ropinion should

lessbecause

lotsthanforthe

tesinan po-

less andnoth-

e heldinthe

isnec essar for

lpen. O nl



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ig . 5 7

oiosisw illha e

andthenum-

diminished.

tingthe

a r a l i tt l e wi t h th e

obemade.In

ultswhowritepass-

of thewristmo-

sloping andon

etowrite

nguseof these

utecorrela-

ms sloping

wristmotions.

twhatmo-

rst toteachthe

ndsecondtogi e

remainsan

knownif the

shouldbemade



s s_ u s e # p d



g. 5 9

N .

ritingofadults

epaperbeingin-

should

-bookbeingheld

rticalwriting

oobstacle

ngwriting.

stoha e

inprimar

somesurpriseat

ritingfor

ssions.Our

ttainedwhen



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r i t i 7i g .

thosewho

op e a n d wh o d er i e

ediff ic ultto

wr o ng w h en t h e

alltowrite

absurdastomake

ihaslope. O ur

adoptionof

rimar sc hools

stinction subtle

dedonph si-

eshownbetweenthe

writingandthat

dults.



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e e r iG s .

R IC A K E TC H .

R H AN Y .

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of rench

orderthatthe

inmindbefore

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ongitudeare

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Essay of Phisiology

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Transcript of Essay of Phisiology