Environmental Science and Engineering Magazine-March 2009

Drinking water treatmentin the Far North

An innovative approach tobiosolids processing

New Canadian process approved todetoxify chlorinated solvents

Economical wastewater lagoonaeration system

CanadianEnvironmental

Official Show Guide For:

The 17th Annual

Conference & Tradeshow

April 20 - 21, 2009

CANECT2009Metro Toronto Convention Cen

tre - South BuildingScheduled Session Topi

cs

Environmental regulation and compliance

Managing approvals and permits

Proactive air emissions compliance

Reducing carbon costs

Environmental management standards and guidelines

Managing inspectors and investigators

Industrial waste and waste diversion

Water and wastewater compliance

Brownfields - the new rules

Spills management and compliance

Co-organized by Environmental Science & Engi-

neeringMagazine, CANECT is the largest event of

its kind in Canada, typically attracting so

me 2,000

tradeshow visitors and conference delegates. Con-

ference delegates and tradeshow visitors are a high quality

audience of senior people responsible for environmental

engineering, regulations and compliance issues.

CANECT 2009 will again be co-located in the same hall

with Health & Safety Canada, an annual tradeshow of the

Industrial AccidentPrevention Association (IAPA). This

annual show attracts over 6,000delegates, including

those

with EH&S and senior management responsibilities.(Visit

www.iapa.ca for details)

Combined, CANECT and Health & Safety Canada are

expected to attract some 475 exhibiting com

panies and 8,000

tradeshow visitors. Tradeshowbadges from either show will

allow admission to both showsat no extra charge. T

o register

for free tradeshow registration, please visit www.canect.net,

or

fill out and fax in the free pass that came with this copy of

ES&E magazine.

If you would like toreceive a printed C

ANECT

conference program, please contact Dar

lann Passfield,

Tel: 905-727-4666 (Ext 30), or Toll Free

: 1-888-254-8769,

Email: [email protected].

Conference details are also available at w

ww.canect.net

www. C A N E C T. n e t

Official CANECT 2009Showguide - Page 78

March 2009

www.esemag.com

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:47 PM

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:55 PM

FEATURES

ES&E invites articles (approx. 2,000 words) onwater,wastewater, hazardous waste treatment andother environmental protection topics. If you are in-terested in submitting an article for considerationin our print and digital editions, please contactSteve Davey at [email protected]. Please notethat Environmental Science & Engineering Publi-cations Inc. reserves the right to edit all text andgraphic submissions without notice.

DEPARTMENTS

Product Showcase . . . . . 73-77

Environmental News . . . 88-95

Professional Cards . . . . . 89-95

Ad Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

ISSN-0835-605XMarch 2009Vol. 22 No. 1Vol. 22 No. 1Issued March 2009

CCAANNEECCTT Official CANECT 2009Showguide

Environmental Science & Engineering Magazine presents the 17th Annual Canadian Environmental Conference and Tradeshow, April 20-21, 2009, Toronto . . . . . . . . . . . .78CANECT Floor Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80, 81Exhibitor Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82-87

7 Infrastructure costs - when more than the price is right - Editorial comment by Tom Davey

8 Businesses and investors warned about growing water scarcity 10 Achieving faster environmental approvals in Ontario14 Rebalancing lake chemistry to reduce and control phosphorous contamination20 The benefits of web-based employee training22 How one utility simplified its drinking water disinfection operation24 Wastewater recycling for carwashes26 Ontario accredits municipal drinking water system operators30 Bioremediation of soils and groundwater contaminated with fuel oil34 Extreme drinking water treatment in the Far North38 Bonnechere Valley’s answer to septage disposal40 London chooses an innovative approach to biosolids processing44 Controlling lake weeds with mechanical harvesting48 Oxygen diffusion allows for quick remediation at a former fuel dispensing site52 New ways of reducing phosphorous in Lake Simcoe54 Structural rehabilitation of water mains with fast-set polymeric resin58 Containment of a salt byproduct at a potash mine60 Rehabilitating and redeveloping a small arms manufacturing facility62 New Canadian process approved to detoxify chlorinated solvents65 OWWA/OMWA spring conference preview66 Economical wastewater lagoon aeration system69 BCWWA spring conference preview72 Proper training and planning essential for cyanide spill and release response88 Why we must effectively manage waterworks infrastructure deficits

Page 27Page 27 0Page 40


Official Show Guide For:The 17th Annual

Conference & TradeshowApril 20 - 21, 2009CANECT2009Metro Toronto Convention Centre - South Building

Scheduled Session TopicsEnvironmental regulation and compliance

Managing approvals and permits

Proactive air emissions compliance

Reducing carbon costsEnvironmental management standards and guidelines

Managing inspectors and investigators

Industrial waste and waste diversion

Water and wastewater compliance

Brownfields - the new rules

Spills management and compliance

C o-organized by Environmental Science & Engi-

neering Magazine, CANECT is the largest event of

its kind in Canada, typically attracting some 2,000

tradeshow visitors and conference delegates. Con-

ference delegates and tradeshow visitors are a high quality

audience of senior people responsible for environmental

engineering, regulations and compliance issues.

CANECT 2009 will again be co-located in the same hall

with Health & Safety Canada, an annual tradeshow of the

Industrial Accident Prevention Association (IAPA). This

annual show attracts over 6,000 delegates, including those

with EH&S and senior management responsibilities. (Visit

www.iapa.ca for details)Combined, CANECT and Health & Safety Canada are

expected to attract some 475 exhibiting companies and 8,000

tradeshow visitors. Tradeshow badges from either show will

allow admission to both shows at no extra charge. To register

for free tradeshow registration, please visit www.canect.net, or

fill out and fax in the free pass that came with this copy of

ES&E magazine.If you would like to receive a printed CANECT

conference program, please contact Darlann Passfield,

Tel: 905-727-4666 (Ext 30), or Toll Free: 1-888-254-8769,

Email: [email protected].

Conference details are also available at www.canect.net

w w w . C A N E C T. n e t

ContentsMarch092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:48 PM Page 4

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:55 PM

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March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:56 PM

March 2009 | 7www.esemag.com

Comment by Tom Davey

Infrastructure costs - when more than the price is rightlowest bid in all the tenders and hadbeen awarded the project. Therewas no response to this except afew nods of approval for this safe-guarding of the public purse. I won-dered if anyone there ever thoughtof how safe and regular water sup-ply impacts our health.It is not long ago that people

died in Walkerton, Ontario, andhundreds more were seriously sick-ened when tainted water came inthrough the town’s water supply.This tragedy highlighted the vitalrole of treatment plant operationand the need for training. One oper-ator was sent to jail for his negli-gence.Clean water ironically, must be

dirt cheap in the low bid ethos. Inever hear ladies saying how cheaptheir dresses or furniture had been,or hosts saying the wine they wereserving was the cheapest theycould find. In fact, being cheaphas, adjectivally, become a putdown on a person’s character.Back to infrastructure costs.

Most water pipes, hydrants andvalves last for decades, with theirservice to human health being in-calculable. The same goes for waterand wastewater treatment plantsand sewers. Seldom mentioned arethe engineer’s skills and knowledgein designing the infrastructure forboth services. Consulting engi-neers, in fact, often have to bid onprojects where low price is consid-ered much more keenly than theirexperience.Would any of the male coun-

cilors, so vigorously purchasing en-vironmental infrastructure orselecting consulting engineeringfirms, shop around for the lowestprice surgeons if they were contem-plating a vasectomy? No way. Theywould anxiously research the repu-tation of the surgeon.

Tom Davey is Senior ConsultingEditor of EnvironmentalScience & Engineering.

named, no mention was made of thefirm’s experience, nor of previousprojects it had completed. Nor wasthere any mention of the reputationof the pipe supplier.The councilor simply announced

that the project was over one kilo-metre long and Grapple GrummetsIncorporated had submitted the

This column has often ar-gued against what it desig-nated as The Low BidEthos. As a reporter in the

UK, Canada and Australia, I oftenattended council meetings whereidiotic decisions were sometimespassed off as statesmanlike pro-nouncements. I also attended par-liamentary meetings which wereeven more banal than the councilmeetings.I recall attending a meeting

when one of the councilors an-nounced the result of a decision oninfrastructure. It concerned detailsof a successful award for the supplyand construction of a water mainover one kilometre long.During the announcement the

contractor’s firm was mentioned andthe approximate length of the proj-ect, but not the diameter of the watermain. Nor was the actual pipe mate-rial mentioned; it could have beencast iron, asbestos or hollowed outtree trunks. None of the componentsimportant for public health or hy-draulic sustainability was mentioned.While the contracting firm was

Canadians have been seeing the rag-ing Australian fires daily on telev-sion. It is particularly poignant to meas our daughter Penny was born inMelbourne, Victoria, when I spentsome two years working for the Aus-tralian Broadcasting Corporation.Now, hearing of the awful deaths

and seeing the massive housingwreckage, along with the severe eco-logical damage from these forestfires, I wondered how many of theseburned-out homes would ever be re-built as the fires surely have reducedthe amount of timber for logging.The global economic downturn willfurther handicap Australia.Canada has vast forests, in a coun-

try larger than Europe or the UnitedStates, along with a very efficientlogging industry. While Australia’s

stricken forests will recover overtime, I wondered if Canada coulddonate, say, a shipload of timber forrebuilding of the burned-out homes,perhaps encouraging other countriesto emulate this move.I know there are strict regulations

about any sort of plant life importsbecause of the isolated location of theAustralian continent, but it seems apossibility as well as an excellent op-portunity for Canadians to demon-strate their humanity and forestrycapabilities.

Tom Davey

Could Canadian trees assist fire-ravaged Australia?

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:56 PM

Environmental Science & Engineering Magazine8 | March 2009

Environmental Science& Engineering

Editor and Publisher STEVE DAVEYE-mail: [email protected]

Senior Consulting Editor TOM DAVEY

Sales Director PENNY DAVEYE-mail: [email protected]

Sales Representative DENISE SIMPSONE-mail: [email protected]

Accounting SANDRA DAVEYE-mail: [email protected]

Circulation Manager DARLANN PASSFIELDE-mail: [email protected]

Production Manager CHRIS MAC DONALDE-mail: [email protected]

Technical Advisory Board

Jim BishopStantec Consulting Ltd., Ontario

Bill Borlase, P.Eng.City of Winnipeg, Manitoba

George V. Crawford, P.Eng., M.A.Sc.CH2M HILL, Ontario

Bill DeAngelis, P.Eng.Associated Engineering, Ontario

Dr. Robert C. LandineADI Systems Inc., New Brunswick

Marie MeunierJohn Meunier Inc., Québec

Peter J. PaineEnvironment Canada

Environmental Science & Engineering is a bi-monthlybusiness publication of Environmental Science & Engi-neering Publications Inc. An all Canadian publication,ES&E provides authoritative editorial coverage ofCanada's municipal and industrial environmental controlsystems and drinking water treatment and distribution.

Readers include consulting engineers, industrial plantmanagers and engineers, key municipal, provincial andfederal environmental officials, water and wastewaterplant operators and contractors.

Information contained in ES&E has been compiled fromsources believed to be correct. ES&E cannot be respon-sible for the accuracy of articles or other editorial matter.Articles in this magazine are intended to provide infor-mation rather than give legal or other professional ad-vice. Articles being submitted for review should bee-mailed to [email protected].

Canadian Publications Mail SalesSecond Class MailProduct Agreement No. 40065446Registration No. 7750

Undeliverable copies, advertising space orders, copy,artwork, film, proofs, etc., should be sent to:Environmental Science & Engineering, 220 IndustrialPkwy. S., Unit 30, Aurora, Ontario, Canada, L4G 3V6,Tel: (905)727-4666, Fax: (905) 841-7271,Web site: www.esemag.com

Printed in Canada. No part of this publication may bereproduced by any means without written permission ofthe publisher. Yearly subscription rates:Canada $75.00 (plus $3.75 GST).

Global climate change is exac-erbating water scarcity prob-lems around the world, yetfew businesses and investors

are paying attention to this growing fi-nancial threat, according to a report issuedtoday by Ceres and the Pacific Institute.

Decreasing water availability, declin-ing water quality, and growing water de-mand are creating immense challenges tobusinesses and investors who have his-torically taken clean, reliable and inex-pensive water for granted. These trendsare causing decreases in companies'water allotments for manufacturing,shifts towards full-cost water pricing,more stringent water quality regulationsand increased public scrutiny of corpo-rate water practices.

The report concludes that climatechange will exacerbate these growingwater risks, especially as the world pop-ulation grows by 50 million people everyyear. Already, China, India and the west-ern US are seeing growth limited by re-duced water supplies from shrinkingglaciers and melting snowcaps that sus-tain key rivers. Meanwhile, agriculturaland power plant production have beencut back due to more frequent and moreintense heat waves and droughts in largeparts of Australia, California and thesoutheast US.

“The business community needs towake up to the reality that water is be-coming scarcer and will likely becomeeven more so in many parts of the worlddue to climate change," said Mindy S.Lubber, president of Ceres, which pub-lished the report, Water Scarcity & Cli-mate Change: Growing Risks forBusinesses and Investors.

“This research sheds important lighton the critical link between climatechange and water issues. For businesses,addressing the risk factors of waterscarcity and conflict is as urgent as ad-dressing energy security and greenhousegas emissions,” said Jason Morrison,program director at the Pacific Instituteand the report’s lead author.

The report identifies water-related risksspecific to eight key industries, including:

• Electric Power: Drought-inducedwater shortages have already causedpower plant shutdowns in Europe, Braziland the southeast US that led to pricespikes and reduced economic growth.Thepower industry depends heavily on waterand accounts for a staggering 39 percentof freshwater withdrawals in the US.

• High-Tech: Eleven of the world's 14largest semiconductor factories are in theAsia-Pacific region, where water scarcityrisks are especially severe. IT firms re-quire vast amounts of ultra clean water;Intel and Texas Instruments alone used11 billion gallons to make silicon chipsin 2007. A water-related shutdown at afabrication facility operated by thesefirms could result in $100-$200 millionin missed revenue during a quarter.

• Beverage: Coca-Cola and PepsiCobottlers lost their operating licenses inparts of India due to water shortages andall major beverage firms are facing stiffpublic opposition to new bottling plants –and to buying bottled drinking water al-together. NestléWaters has been fightingfor five years, for example, to build thecountry's largest bottling plant in Mc-Cloud, California.

Businesses and investors warnedabout growing water scarcity

continued on page 96 ...

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:56 PM

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Project Management

Improvements to the process comenone too soon. As Ontario’s economy ischallenged by the loss of manufacturingjobs, it is vital that the provincial au-thorities do what they can to make lifeeasier for the manufacturing sector,while meeting the public’s expectationsthat the process will help to mitigate en-vironmental impacts and protect thehealth of the human population and theplanet as a whole.

However, applicants must do theirshare of the work. Failure to meet theMOE’s requirements and public expec-tations can result in a delay or failure ofa company’s ability to make the plannedchanges to its facility. Therefore, suc-cessful applicants and technical contactsneed to understand the new measuresthat the MOE is implementing and beaware of the new challenges facing theapprovals process in order to take ad-vantage of the more timely process.

These steps that are being taken in

For years, Ontario’s Ministry ofthe Environment (MOE) has re-ceived more requests for envi-ronmental approvals than it has

been able to process. This increase in ap-proval requests has been caused by agreater focus on environmental compli-ance from both MOE inspectors and en-vironmental compliance auditors. Inaddition, the regulations that applicantsare required to comply with have becomemore complicated and the applicationshave progressed from equipment-spe-cific to facility-wide assessments.

The result has been significant de-lays for facilities in receiving the ap-provals they need to conduct theirbusiness. Now, thanks to some newmeasures in place, the MOE appears tobe ready to turn the corner — process-ing more applications than it receives,working down some of its accumulatedbacklog and issuing more timely ap-provals as a result.

Ontario may provide some suggestionsfor other jurisdictions fighting the sameneed to process applications in a speedy,transparent way.

Giving the Ministry theinformation it needs

As Dale Carnegie might have said, itis important for permit applicants tofind out what Ministry officials need toapprove the application and the public’sexpectations on the project, and thengive it to them. Our experience helpingapplicants meet MOE requirementspoints to several trends:

1. Better Guidance. One of thebiggest changes has been clarity aroundthe MOE’s expectations, so that appli-cants have a better idea of what theMinistry needs to see in an application.

From the applicant’s perspective,sometimes in the past the process hasbeen less than crystal clear. The risingcomplexity of the MOE’s expectationscontributed to murkiness that was frus-trating to applicants. From the Ministry’spoint of view, many of the applicationsthey received did not provide the infor-mation necessary for a speedy reply tobe issued, so a back-and-forth dialoguewould ensue, resulting in the MOEspending more time on each application,with more chance for rejection or delay.

The MOE has consolidated guidanceon the approvals program, on its web-site at www.ene.gov.on.ca/en/business/cofa/index.php. This page has been or-ganized into sections dealing with air,waste and water approvals. Documenta-tion falls into one of three categories:• “Guide to applying” documents that

describe the application process.• Checklists that are required in the

application package.• Detailed policy documents that

outline the technical requirements ofthe application.Applicants and technical contacts

should familiarize themselves withthese requirements before submittingany application.Applicants who providethe MOE with complete applicationsare promised faster service.

How to achieve faster environmental approvalsin Ontario

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By Sean Capstick

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2. Quality control and qualityassurance. Errors in calculation or tran-scription and forgotten attachmentsslow the approvals process and have adetrimental effect on the regulator’sconfidence in the report’s conclusions.

As with any production process,there needs to be due diligence aroundthe preparation of each application.Sound procedures include following thelong-established engineering practice of“one person calculates, another checks.”Careful process planning includes“stop” signs along the way for verifica-tion, to avoid building conclusions onincorrect data. If regulators are awarethat the report was prepared with a rig-orous QA/QC process, they are likely tohave greater confidence in it.

In addition, the quality of the reportmay be improved by the appropriate useof external professional support. Whilein-house personnel may have full quali-fications in developing reports, externalprofessionals may have more experiencethat pays off in fewer errors, more fac-tors being considered, and in the end, ahigher-quality report.

It is an approach much like “value

engineering,” which is based on the ideathat investing extra resources in theplanning stage can pay off in fewerproblems and delays during the imple-mentation stage.

The MOE has announced a pilot pro-gram to provide front-of-the-line serv-ice to selected air applications forindustries with known and predictableimpacts. In order to access this pro-gram, the applicant preparer must at-tend an orientation session conductedby the MOE.

3. Perfect examples. It may seemlike a minor point, but one aspect thatslows down applications is where infor-mation is placed. If the report follows aconsistent format, officials reviewing ithave fewer problems finding the infor-mation they need to make a decision.Less time hunting means a faster ruling.Consistency in formatting also reducesthe chances that important informationwill be inadvertently left out.

To support this, the MOE has devel-oped a sample application program fora fictional company. Perhaps as a bowto the astonishingly resourceful ACMEcompany that supplies Wile E. Coyote

in the Roadrunner cartoons, the hypo-thetical applicant is called ACME Inc.The first sample application package islocated on the MOE’s website atwww.ene.gov.on.ca/envision/gp/5987e.pdf and deals with Section 9 Air andNoise Applications.

The MOE continues to develop ap-plication packages for air, noise andother media. Additional sample appli-cation packages are being prepared forthe following application packages:• Part V: Waste approvals that deal

with an organics composting facility,a waste transfer and processingfacility, a small landfill site and alandfill gas collection system.

• Section 9: Air and noise approvalsthat provide examples of an ESDMReport using the AERMODdispersion model, an acousticassessment report, an applicationpackage to extend the operationalflexibility of a basic comprehensiveCofA and the air emissions from thelandfill gas collection system.

• Section 53 and Safe Drinking WaterAct approvals that deal with waterand residential services development

Project Management

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Project Management

tice documents that outline practicesthat will result in a more timely reviewof a Section 9 air and noise CofA appli-cation. This group, with the support ofthe MOE, has been meeting regularlyover the last year to identify “guidancegaps.”The practices contain clarification or

examples about what information mustbe included in an application or emis-sion summary and dispersion modellingreport to meet the MOE’s expectations.The idea behind this group is that if allthe practitioners support each other withexamples of what worked well in thepast, then everyone will have more suc-cess.The best practices that have been de-

veloped to date and a list of topics for fu-ture practices can be found in theOntario sections of the Air and WasteManagementAssociation website: www.awma.on.ca/practitioners.htm. Some of

for stormwater management, sewerand water distribution systems.Over 250 people attended outreach

sessions in October 2007 to providefeedback into this process. These ses-sions were lively discussions that helpedshape the application packages and al-lowed technical input into how the in-formation is best presented. The newsample application packages will beposted to the MOE website. Informalconversations with MOE representa-tives, and other anecdotal evidence, in-dicate that most Section 9 applicationsreceived now follow the format pro-vided in the online sample.Applicants are advised to review the

sample application packages and use theformat provided for a faster review.

4. Best practices. In an effort to sup-port the MOE’s desire to receive qualityapplications, a group of practitionershas been working to develop best prac-

the people who have driven this initia-tive are members of the AWMA, whichin turn has agreed to allow its website tobe used to disseminate the information.This area of the website is open to all,and technical contacts who are prepar-ing applications would be wise to reviewthese topics. The group is also lookingfor interested individuals to preparedraft practices that can be added to theavailable list after review by the group.

The Ministry’s checking processApplicants are wise to give the MOE

what it wants, but the MOE has also im-plemented a process to check that it is get-ting what it needs. In the past, applicantsmay have unknowingly submitted incom-plete applications as a result of the lack ofclarity, or knowingly left out sections witha promise to submit information later. Inresponse to this, the MOE has enhancedthe application screening conductedwhenan application is received.This completeness check is conducted

by non-technical application processorswho look for missing information at thesame time that they are logging the ap-plication into the system.Applicants withincomplete applications are typicallygiven twoweeks to submit a complete ap-plication or the application will be re-turned. A challenge is also posed by anapplication that is not typical.This screening process reinforces the

need to understand the guidance mate-rial, check your work and follow the ex-amples that are being developed to helpyou understand the process. Missing asigned checklist from the package canneedlessly delay the process.More work is required to make the ap-

plications withstand the technical reviewthat follows. An applicant’s goal shouldbe a complete application that providesthe minimum information that the MOErequires to approve the application. Up-front efforts taken to “bullet-proof ” theapplications will pay dividends during thereview process.Close attention to what the Ministry

wants, and making sure that applica-tions are prepared along those lines, canhelp organizations weather today’s “in-teresting times” more easily.

Sean Capstick, P.Eng. is with GolderAssociates Ltd. E-mail:

[email protected]

Vent and tower at a Mississauga, Ontario, plant.

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:57 PM


Water Quality

contributing factor in phosphorous accu-mulation.It was also established that the highest

phosphorous concentrations appearedduring the fall lake turnover event that oc-curs naturally when the lake’s thermalstratification is broken.

Treatment methodologyExperts determined that the best

treatment option was the application offerric chloride (FeCl3) during the fall

Therehabilitation of LakeHeney,a lake with a surface area of12 km2, was undertaken for theLake Heney Foundation, and

was accomplished through the applicationof more than 1,600 tonnes of ferric chlo-ride to the lake.

Lake characteristicsLocated 100 kilometres north of

Gatineau in the province of Quebec,Lake Heney was the site of a large-scalefish farming operation during the 1990s.The discharge of the aquaculture’s efflu-ent into the lake, combined with othercontributing factors, resulted in a steadyincrease of the lake’s phosphorous con-centrations. Since the fish farming busi-ness closed in 1999, phosphorous levelsin the lake have averaged 25 μg/L with-out any sign of improvement.Faced with deteriorating water quality

conditions, the Lake Heney Foundationsought out a university panel to launch anintensive water quality study aimed atfinding a viable water treatment solution.Extensive water qualitymonitoring eventswere carried out over a period of severalyears and established that the lake sedi-ments were deficient in iron, an essentialelement in binding phosphorous to thelake bed. The lengthy lake retention time,determined to be seven years, was also a

turnover event. It was selected for its ca-pacity to precipitate phosphorous and tobind it to the lake sediments. Specifi-cally, the ferric chloride injected intothe lake reacts with the water to produceiron oxyhydroxide, a solid which bindsthe phosphorous during the precipita-tion process. It is commonly used inwastewater treatment systems to removephosphorous from the treated effluent.

Rebalancing lake chemistry to reduce and controlphosphorous contamination

ByGilles Fortin, Mark Somers and Jonathan Hodgson


Large barge being towed by the tug boat.

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:57 PM

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:57 PM


In order to determine the effectivenessof this treatment option and its safetywhen released into an aquatic environ-ment, a pilot project was carried out in asmall bay in the lake during the month ofNovember 2004. The bay was isolatedusing an impermeable membrane andfive tonnes of ferric chloride were dis-tributed in the bay in order to obtain alake concentration of 1.3 mg/L of Fe.

The pilot project demonstrated thatthe large-scale application of FeCl3being proposed was a viable option.Theenvironmental consulting firm, WESAEnvir-Eau, a member of WESA GroupInc., was commissioned to design andimplement the treatment throughout theentire body of the lake. The firm wascommissioned with overseeing all ad-ministrative, engineering and logisticalaspects of the project.

Logistical constraintsWESA Envir-Eau faced major obsta-

cles during the design and execution ofthis project. One of these was the dailyapplication of 100 tonnes of a highlycorrosive liquid in a 25-day period, with-out jeopardizing the aquatic life of thelake. Ferric chloride is corrosive to mostmetals and its use on a project of thisscale presented many challenges.An in-jection system had to be designed thatprevented contact of the chemical withany metal components.

The chemical required heavy dilutionprior to its introduction into the aquaticenvironment in order to prevent any ad-verse impacts. The product’s corrosivityrequired a highly controlled and moni-tored work environment with extensiveprotectivemeasures for worker health andsafety and for the general environment.

The application had to be carried outduring the fall lake turnover, a time periodcharacterised by highwinds, snow, fog andice, which provided less than favourablenavigation conditions. In addition, theshort daylight hours during this periodforced navigation beyond sunset.

A system of “just in time delivery”was coordinated with the chemical sup-plier to reduce the need for on-site stor-age of large quantities of hazardouschemicals. A constant supply of FeCl3was then crucial to the success of theproject and this had to be transported bytanker truck over rural roads not de-signed to handle such heavy traffic.

Water Quality

continued overleaf...Figure 1.

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:57 PM

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Gorman-Rupp of Canada Ltd.70 Burwell RoadSt. Thomas, Ontario N5P 3R7, CanadaTel: (519) 631-2870Fax: (519) 631-4624E-mail: [email protected]

©2008 Gorman-Rupp of Canada Limited. Gorman-Rupp of Canada Limited is an ISO 9001:2000 Registered Canadian Company.

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:57 PM

Marine equipmentBased on logistical constraints,

WESA Envir-Eau opted for the use of asingle large barge towed by a tug-boat.The barge, which was constructed of sixindividual compartments assembled to-gether on-site, provided a working area

of 560 m2. One of the compartments hadan integrated fuel storage componentwhich provided the capability for fuellingthe tug-boat, power-generating equip-ment and the mechanical pump. Thebarge operations were self-contained andthe barge itself was fitted with a heated

office, serving as shelter for the employ-ees and electronic equipment.The navigation relied on a DGPS

system and a depth sounder, both feed-ing a computer in the office. The navi-gational data was relayed to a computerin the tug-boat by means of a LocalArea Network (LAN).

Chemical delivery systemThe product was stored in three tanks

that held the daily application of liquidferric chloride, eliminating the need toreturn to the base for refilling andthereby optimising the time schedule.Lake water was used to dilute the FeCl3prior to injection and was collected fromthe front of the barge using a high powerdiesel pump.The concentrated ferric chloride was

injected into the pump’s discharge linethrough a venturi device. Once intro-duced into the system, the mixture wasnot in contact with metal components.The dilution rate was 150 litres of ferricchloride to 4,000 litres of water. The di-luted chemical stream was then routedto a submerged diffusion boommountedat the stern of the barge. The diffuserboom was designed in conjunction with


Water Quality

Lake water is collected using a high-power diesel pump.

March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:48 PM


Water Quality

McGill University engineers.Flow meters were incorporated into

the system at strategic points through-out the assembly to provide operatorswith the means to control the concen-tration of the chemical solution througha system of flow valves. The system wasdesigned to allow for a predetermineddilution of the chemical. The storagetanks were fitted with sensors to moni-tor the level of liquid and to sequencethe delivery of the chemical solution,while maintaining a balanced load dis-tribution on the barge. All componentsof the system were equipped with elec-tronic memories and the data was down-loaded daily to the main computer.

Project operationIn order to ensure a steady supply,

several tanker cars of ferric chloridewere warehoused at the Ottawa railwayyard, more than 125 kilometres from thelake. It was decided that the balance ofthe stock would be delivered directlyfrom the supplier in Varennes, Quebec.

The spreading operation could not beinitiated until the fall lake turnover event.The thermal stratification break wasreached on November 14, 2007, in thenorth section of the lake and November19, 2007, in the southern half. Approxi-mately 1,600 metric tonnes of ferricchloride were distributed throughout thelake over a period of 18 days, from No-vember 20th to December 6th, 2007.

The supplier delivered a total of 46tanker loads, using three tankers a day car-rying a combined weight of 100 tonnes offerric chloride. The lake distribution routewas selected to allow for maximum dis-persal of the product through the naturalcurrents of the lake (Figure 1). The deliv-ery system was designed to distributethree times more chloride in the southbasin in order to compensate for the dif-fering volume ratios between the northand south portions of the lake.

The dispersion results met the objec-tive of 1.3 mg/L of Fe in the lake asspecified by the Foundation’s scientificconsultant. Members of the scientificteam were tasked with the monitoringof pH and other parameters throughoutthe distribution process to prevent anyadverse effects on water quality.

ConclusionsIt was necessary to overcome critical

logistical, environmental and technical

challenges throughout the operation. Theschedule was short, the weather and visi-bility poor for the most part and the mag-nitude of the operation large in the contextof a small lake in western Quebec. Due tothe short project schedule, many tasks oc-curred concurrently, such as equipmentfinal design and testing, environmental ap-provals and ultimately execution.

Data available on the Lake HeneyFoundation’s website indicate that afterthe first year of monitoring, the phos-phorous concentrations have decreased

to 10 μg/L. The success of this undertak-ing and the positive impact on lake waterquality demonstrates the feasibility ofthis type of project elsewhere. Largebodies of water may be effectively re-habilitated in limited time-frames.

Gilles Fortin, Mark Somers andJonathan Hodgson are withEnvir-Eau Inc. E-mail:[email protected]

Supplier ofWater &Wastewater Treatment Equipment

C & M Environmental Technologies Inc.Tel: 705.725.9377 Fax: 705.725.8279 Toll Free: 1-800-570-8779

Email: [email protected] Website: www.cmeti.com

Upflow Sludge Blanket FiltrationTreatment Systems

Screens, Classifiers,Clarifiers, Digester Covers, Mixers

Aeration Systems, Disc&Tube Diffusers

Shaftless Conveyors,Vertical Conveyors, Sludge Silos,

Live Bottom Bins

Chain & Flight Sludge Collectors,NRG Collector Components

Slide Gates, Sluice Gates, Stop Logs

Aeration Systems

Clarifiers

Solids Handling

Water •Wastewater

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:58 PM


Continuing Education

TheInternet and online traininghave seen significant gains inthe last decade. Research indi-cates that over 67% of Cana-

dians now have an Internet connectionand that more people, even in older agegroups, are using the Internet on a reg-ular basis.

For that reason, organizations todayare using online training to complementtheir “hands on” training efforts. This isespecially true of public entities, includ-ing water and wastewater management.Many public entities throughout NorthAmerica are using TargetSafety’s Pre-ventionLink system to help them miti-gate risk while providing cost-effectiveonline training. Medteq Solutions isTargetSafety’s Canadian affiliate.

With over 40 water and wastewatercourses in addition to general safetycourses, the PreventionLink course plat-form library can help organizations en-sure the highest level of understandingin the water/wastewater operator subjectarea. Numerous “soft skill” courses arealso available (e.g. WHMIS, sexual ha-rassment, asbestos awareness, etc.) aspart of the course library to round outthe training solution.

Course content is designed with theadult learner in mind and is structuredto ensure maximum retention. Eachcourse includes multiple study exercisesin every lesson. Most courses consist ofapproximately 10 lessons that take onaverage 30-45 minutes to complete.When the student has successfully com-pleted the assigned lessons, a final mul-tiple-choice examination must be takenbefore the system will generate a stu-dent certificate. The passing grade levelcan be adjusted to suit the organization’sparticular requirements.

Currently, in Ontario, 18 of the water/wastewater operator courses are ap-proved for Continuing Education Units(CEUs).

Navigation within the courseware isdesigned so that minimal computerknowledge is required.A simple click ofthe “Next” or “Back” button will movethe student through the lessons. Should a

student have a question during thecourse, he or she can click “Ask a Ques-tion” and the system will assemble an e-mail with the question and send it to theindividual of your choosing (e.g. super-visor, health and safety representative).Because the system is web-based, nosoftware needs to be downloaded, so or-ganizations with restrictive IT policiescan use it easily without computer hard-ware/software re-configuration.

Customized training coursesOnline training can be made organi-

zation-specific by uploading policies andprocedures into a respective course. Stu-dents must then read and acknowledgethat they understand how the policy re-lates to the standard course content. Thisprovides an organization with a specifictraining experience, and also strengthens“due diligence” documentation related topolicies and procedures.

In addition, the PreventionLink sys-tem facilitates the uploading of yourown training content. This can includevideos, PowerPoint presentations anddocuments of various types. Once up-loaded, the system is designed to allowthe administrator to create assignmentsaround the uploaded resources. For ex-

ample, a health and safety policy couldbe assigned to be read by the employee.The system will track that the employeehas read the policy as well as provide hisor her responses to questions that youhave included in the assignment to en-sure knowledge retention.

The expansion of the Internet has re-sulted in exponential growth in free, in-dustry-specific training resources. Onecan easily search the Internet and findcontent on a subject of interest. The Pre-ventionLink system allows you to har-ness the power of the Internet bypointing an employee (via url link) tothe exact location on the Internet towatch a video or view a manufacturer’sspecification sheet, for example, andhave the system report back to you ifthis has been completed.

An essential part of an online train-ing and risk management solution is toverify employees’ knowledge retentionof subjects related to their job function.PreventionLink provides the ability tocreate a question bank categorized bysubject so that tests can be built usingquestions from the bank. The questionbank can be loaded by simply typing in

The benefits of web-based employee trainingBy Nelson Lawrence


March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:58 PM


the question and identifying the correctanswer, or by copying and pasting fromanother document type into the questionand answer fields.

Creating tests is a simple processthat requires identifying the questionsor question categories you want in thetest, deciding whether to randomizequestions and what the passing gradeshould be. Once the test is created, it isstored in a library that can then be in-cluded in assignments sent out to theemployee. This means that if you sendan employee a policy to review, you canin the same assignment include a testthat you created to substantiate his orher knowledge of the policy. This fea-ture will greatly increase the depth ofyour “due diligence” documentation aswell as greatly reduce the amount oftime you spend marking tests.

ReportingWeb-based solutions provide great

flexibility in enabling you to generatereports on employee activity. You canlog into your training system and gen-erate reports from any Internet-readycomputer equipped with a browser. Ifyou are a “road warrior,” this allows youto make assignments to staff and checkon progress of previous assignmentsfrom various computer access pointsthroughout your day. Here are a few ofthe reports you may wish to run:1. Completed assignments.2. Overdue assignments.3. Incomplete assignments.4. Activity summary by employee.5. Rapid completion report.6. Test results.7. Active user list by department.

Web-based solutions will typicallygenerate a report for you to view in anhtml format, allowing you to view theresults of your employees’ activityquickly and easily. But what if you needto do more analysis on the employee

data or send it to a larger database sys-tem? PreventionLink allows you to ex-port the data into a comma separatedvalue (.csv) format that basically gener-ates a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet con-taining your data. Once it is in thisformat, you can do further sorting andfiltering as well as import into otherdatabase systems.

Web-based training enables the de-livery of theoretical components of ed-ucation in ways that are measurable,verifiable and transferable, and that

complement the practical components,resulting in a more worthwhile and ed-ucationally viable training experience.

Additionally, return on investmentcan be very impressive when one con-siders the many and varied ways that anonline training/risk management solu-tion could be deployed in a specific or-ganizational setting.

Nelson Lawrence is withMedteq Solutions. E-mail:

[email protected]

An essential part of anonline training and riskmanagement solutionis to verify employees’knowledge retention ofsubjects related to their

job function.

Continuing Education

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:58 PM


Disinfection

ager, George Hanson, arrived. His pre-vious experience had been with regionalrural water systems in North Dakota.One of his first actions was to evaluatethe system and its operations to deter-mine its needs and plan an improvementprogram where required. His objectivewas to reduce operating and mainte-nance costs and simplify the system,while maintaining the high quality ofservice that the customers expected andthe operating personnel provided.

Hanson saw the need to simplify thedisinfection operation and replace thelabor-intensive and chemically unstablefeed system. His successful experiencewith chlorine gas in the Dakotas led himto recommend a change to a simpler,more stable chemical that offered a sim-plification of the system. He recom-mended that hypo be replaced as thedisinfectant by chlorine gas. This rec-ommendation ran counter to the generaltrend in the industry.

Perception vs. realityThere was and is a great deal of pres-

sure from engineers, regulators, electedofficials, the general public and envi-ronmentalists to move away from chlo-rine gas to bulk-delivered or on-sitegenerated sodium hypochlorite. Sincethe 1980s, there has been a widespreadpublic perception that chlorine gas isunsafe. This view has been stoked by re-

Chesapeake Ranch Estates wasestablished in 1960 on thewestern shores of the Chesa-peake Bay, about an hour’s

drive to Washington, D.C. or Baltimore.Since there was no readily availablewater, a privately owned water systemwas built to serve the development.

By 1979 the community had grown toseveral thousand subscribers and theChesapeake Ranch Water Association(CRWA), a not-for-profit co-operative,was founded. The water system has beenoperated by the co-operative for nearly30 years.

By 2008, the water system suppliedalmost 10,000 people through 4,000connections serving homes and busi-nesses, while providing fire protectionfor the development. Two elevated stor-age tanks with a combined storage of750,000 gallons and 70 miles of distri-bution lines are served by four wells op-erating at depths in the range of 600 feet.

The quality of the aquifer requiredonly the addition of a disinfectant to thewater to meet Maryland state guidelines.The CRWA system strove to maintain a 1mg/L (ppm) residual level to meet theserequirements. The disinfectant chosenwas sodium hypochlorite (hypo). Thewater was pumped from the wells for dis-tribution and storage, with hypo addedby positive-displacement chemical-feedpumps. Dosages of approximately 2mg/L (ppm) were sufficient to providethe desired system residual.

Hypo was supplied in bulk by truckfor off-loading to CRWA tanks. The 12%strength solution was transferred from1,500-gallon plastic containers on stakebed trucks to both the on-site feed andstorage tanks at each well site. Somesmall systems pump directly from thebulk shipping containers placed at eachsite. Other small water systems haveused common household bleach (5%strength) pumped directly to the systemfrom the bleach container.

Operation changeFor over 30 years, CRWA used the

hypochlorite feed system for disinfec-tion. In the 1990s, a new general man-

cent newspaper headlines relating to ex-plosive devices strapped to chlorinecontainers in Iraq.

An analysis by the Chlorine Gas Dis-infection Association of news headlinesabout incidents of “chlorine leak,” “chlo-rine gas” or “chemical explosion” showedthat 60-65% of the incidents werehypochlorite-based (calcium hypochloriteand sodium hypochlorite), even thoughthe implication was that chlorine gas wasthe source of the leaks.

While it is correct that chlorine gas istoxic and supplied under pressure in 150-pound cylinders, ton containers, tanktrucks and rail cars, the handling and useof the containers has never been safer.There are over 50,000 water treatmentsites and many use chlorine gas from150-pound cylinders. Only the largersystems, an estimated 1-2% of the watertreatment facilities, receive chlorine gasin large quantities or containers such aston containers, tank trucks or railcars.

The fact is that all forms of chlorinemay create dangerous conditions. Sev-eral incidents have been reported of ex-plosions at installations of on-sitegenerators. Calcium hypochlorite canhave chlorine gas releases and can be apotential fire hazard. Sodium hypochlo-rite can release chlorine gas from mix-ing with other chemicals (acids andalkalis) and from heat.

From hypo to gas: How one utility simplified itsdisinfection operation

Eclipse actuator systems can close hazardous gas valves on 150 lb. and toncylinders in less than one second when activated by remote sensor andswitches.

By Gerald F. Connell

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:58 PM


DisinfectionHypo, which is made using chlorine

gas, is about three times more expensivethan an equivalent amount of chlorinegas. The exact value can vary with geo-graphical region and shipping costs. Onepound of chlorine gas provides approxi-mately the same oxidizing and disinfect-ing potential as one gallon of hyposolution (12% strength). The volume of a150-pound cylinder is less than six cubicfeet, while the volume of 150 gallons(over 1,200 pounds) of hypo is about 19cubic feet. Since the concentrated chlo-rine gas has less shipping volume andweight for comparable quantities of chlo-rine gas, shipping costs are less for gas.

The solutionWhen Hanson suggested replacing

hypo with chlorine gas at CRWA, he metresistance from all sides, but mostly fromthe operating personnel. The perceptionthat chlorine gas is more dangerous thanhypo was the major obstacle.

Given these concerns, and since theCRWA system had been using hypo foralmost 40 years, a change to gas wouldcertainly require the understanding andco-operation of the operating personnel.Hanson started an educational process,explaining the differences between thetwo disinfectants from their chemicaland physical properties to methods ofhandling and feeding. Questions wereasked and answered. Eventually, the op-erating personnel agreed to try using gas.

All four well sites now operate withchlorine gas as the source of disinfectant.They operate with a minimum of trouble,at lower cost and reduced maintenance.

Each disinfectant room uses a set ofscales to weigh the 150-pound chlorinecylinders. The cylinders are mounted oneach scale and provide an indication ofthe amount of chlorine consumed.Spare cylinders are stored in the sameroom. The total amount of chlorine on-site at any time is less than 500 pounds(one cylinder in use, one full cylinderon standby and two replacement cylin-ders). There is no concern about pro-viding heat since Hanson’s experienceof the Dakota operation showed thatchlorine gas can be fed even during sub-zero weather.

Continuous chlorine feed rates of 10pounds per day (200 gr/hr) are attainablewith direct cylinder-mounted chlorinegas feeders under sub-zero weather con-

ditions. Air conditioning of the room isnot necessary in summer since thestrength of the chlorine is constant at100%. Changing chlorine containers isrequired each week or two.

CRWA has been using chlorine gasfor over eight years. The once reluctantoperating personnel are now chlorinegas advocates. One minor leak devel-oped at a container connection that wasquickly rectified and caused no damageor injury. Training helped the personnelunderstand what to do with chlorine

containers if leaks occur in the future.Additional safety systems, such as au-

tomatic shutoff systems that would closethe cylinders if a leak were detected bythe gas detector, could be considered.

George Hanson suggests that utilitiesshould look at all the facts (costs, main-tenance, service, etc.) to understand thecase for staying with chlorine gas orconverting from hypo to gas.

Gerald Connell is a consultant.E-mail: [email protected]

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March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:59 PM


Water Reuse

quest for wastewater recycling, some ofthese plans will pay up to one-half of thecost of buying and installing a system.

How reclaim worksFor all types of carwashes, particu-

larly touchless systems, it is importantto understand how reclaim works. Thereare several types of systems, in twomain categories: biological and me-chanical systems.

Biological systemsBiological systems use bacteria to

break down and consume the organiccontaminants found in the wastewater.This is done most commonly within abioreactor. Bioreaction systems providean environment suitable for collectionand consumption of the contaminantswithin a vessel (container) that housesa biomass material the bacteria can at-

Reclaim is an important buzz-word in the carwash industrythese days. Many US stateshave instituted very tight

water restrictions and some have evendeclared a state of “drought emergency.”Many cities, counties and townshipsnow require reclaim (wastewater recy-cling) to be a standard part of any newcarwash, and some require existing car-washes to retrofit.

Carwash owners are, therefore, nowlooking harder at reclaiming their usedwater for many reasons, but mostly as away to stay in business.

In locations where water is plentiful,few consumers realize that using waterin various processes, including car-washes, creates waste. Sewer systemsare reaching capacity and many needmajor upgrades and/or rebuilding. Re-ducing the volume and level of pollu-tants in wastewater can save millions inupgrades.

Carwash owners and their suppliershave avoided reclaim systems for years.Past systems were plagued with problemssuch as foul odours, high maintenance,poor water quality and breakdowns thatinterrupted washing. Between the lostrevenue and poor wash quality, reclaimgot a bad name, prompting many in thebusiness to avoid it whenever possible.

Reclaim systems are now availablethat are reasonably priced, inexpensiveto install, do not smell, maintain them-selves and do not interrupt the opera-tor’s revenue stream. Even better, fromthe operator’s point of view, they pay forthemselves by dramatically reducing thecarwash’s water and sewer bills.

These reclaim systems can reducewater purchases from the municipalityby 50-75%, and, since the sewer bill isbased on how much water is used, it isalso substantially reduced. In manycases, the savings less the payment onthe equipment equals profit on the bot-tom line, starting with the first month ofoperation.

What’s more, in the United States,governmental assistance plans are inplace or being developed in severalstates. Designed to aid companies in the

tach to and live within. This vessel(bioreactor) is aerated, providing a suit-able amount of oxygen to keep the bac-teria aerobic. Wastewater is passedthrough the bioreactor, where contami-nants are collected and consumed verymuch like a sewer plant.

The pros – Biological systems willconsume organic chemicals such as hy-drocarbons (oil and grease) and almostall biodegradable soaps. This helps re-duce the level of soap buildup withinthe system from washing operations.Biological systems are less likely toproduce foul odours and require lessmaintenance. Sludge in carwash pits isreduced by consumption of the organicmaterials within the sludge.

The cons – Bacteria cannot breakdown and consume inorganic materialssuch as minerals. Dirt (soil) is made upof three primary parts: sand (rock), clayand organic materials. To a gardener, agood soil blend is about one-third ofeach. Biological systems will leave par-ticulates floating in the water unlessthey are removed by another method orhave plenty of time to settle out. Sus-pended solids left in the water may ad-versely affect the life of the washingequipment.

Mechanical filtrationMechanical filtration methods vary

widely. They consist of filters in cy-clonic, centrifugal, bag, cartridge ormultimedia form.All are designed to re-move particulate matter; some will alsofilter out contaminants such as hydro-carbons. The mechanical approach isdifferent from system to system and allhave their good and bad points.

Many mechanical systems requirelarge in-ground pits to support theirfunction, and these sometimes costmore than the filtration equipment it-self. Mechanical systems require filterchanges or back-flushing to remove thecollected contaminants. Intervals be-tween filter changes vary from systemto system.

The pros – Mechanical systems arecapable of reducing suspended solids inthe wastewater from as large as 100 mi-crons down to as small as one micron.

Wastewater recycling for carwashesBy Alan G. McCormick and Kerry G. Smith

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:59 PM


Water Reuse

Reducing suspended solids results inlonger washing equipment life.The cons – Mechanical filtration

will not remove soaps, wax and otherliquids, causing a rainbow on the carfinish. Some systems operate at veryhigh pressures to increase filter life andthen become a safety concern. Down-time for filter changes must be consid-ered. Finally and most importantly,biological odours may be a problem.

The best systemA combination bio/mechanical sys-

tem can do it all. These systems can re-move suspended solids, organics, soaps,wax and hydrocarbons, reduce pitsludge and provide the cleanest waterpossible for the washing processes.Properly designed systems won’t smell.

Bad odour is a serious problem be-cause customers will not come back toa carwash that puts a skunk in theirtrunk. Bacteria growth in reclaim waterbegins to occur immediately. There aremany possible ways to eliminate anodour problem:

1. Ozone, when input into the entirewater supply in sufficient quantities, mayeliminate bacteria via oxidation. Thedownside is that it also creates oxidationon all the equipment and most often willrequire chemical supplementation.

2. Hydrogen peroxide or chlorinecan be dosed into the wastewater (re-claim system) to kill bacteria on con-tact. Much like ozone, these chemicalsare corrosive and hard on equipment.

3. Microbiological treatment using

biodigesters – a combination of bacte-ria, enzymes and nutrients – can over-whelm naturally occurring bacteria,eliminating odour. They work by out-competing the naturally occurring bac-teria that cause smells and take controlof the system. This approach brings ad-ditional benefits such as decreased pitsludge, removal of organic chemicals(soaps and waxes) and hydrocarbons(oil and grease) and, best of all, an over-all cleaner system.

What are the goals foryour carwash?

Using reclaim water in the wash canactually help provide very clean cars.Because the carwash is using “free” re-claim water, it can use more of it. Thereis no need to reduce water flows to thewash cycles to reduce water usage. Infact, the flow can be increased to pro-vide optimum washing.With a properlyfunctioning reclaim system, the onlyfresh water needed is for the final “spot-free” rinse and possibly for mixingchemicals.

Some chemicals can be mixed usingreclaim water, but this may take a bit ofexperimentation. Chemical companiesare rushing to develop “reclaim friendly”products.

Based on which wash the customerbuys, water usage without reclaim willbe from a low of 30 to a high of 64 gal-lons per car. With reclaim, a car can bewashed with as little as seven gallons offresh water. The following are somewater volume examples for a touchlesswashing system and the possible alter-natives, using reclaim:9 gals. undercarriage wash (reclaim)6 gals. presoak pass (reclaim)12 gals. each high-pressure wash pass

(reclaim)12 gals. high-pressure rinse (reclaim)6 gals. wax application

(possibly reclaim)12 gals. primary rinse (reclaim)7 gals. spot-free rinse (fresh)

ConclusionCarwash operators choosing a re-

claim system should consider the totalcost of ownership, including installation(with underground tanks and plumbing),filter replacements, lost revenue duringfilter changes, odour control chemicalsand pit maintenance. Downtime experi-enced during a retrofit must be consid-ered. Finally, they should get a guaranteethat it won’t smell.

Alan G. McCormick and Kerry G.Smith are with Hydro Engineering Inc.

For more information, E-mail:[email protected]

Many cities, countiesand townships now

require reclaim to be astandard part of anynew carwash, and

some require existingcarwashes to retrofit.

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:59 PM


Operator Certification

ing water had been compromised.As a result, the government of On-

tario called for an inquiry into theWalk-erton event. Effective June 13, 2000, theHon. Justice Dennis R. O’Connor wasappointed as a commissioner to carryout the inquiry, report on his findings,and provide recommendations to ensurethe safety of Ontario’s water supply.

Part One of the Report of the Walk-erton Commission Inquiry was releasedon January 18, 2002. It found that anumber of factors had played a roleleading up to the contamination ofWalkerton’s water supply system and,ultimately, the water itself. JusticeO’Connor also found that several fail-ures in the way the provincial govern-ment exercised its overview role hadbeen contributing factors.

Part Two of the report, released onMay 23, 2002, contained Justice O’Con-

An initiative to regulate themanagement and licensingof municipal drinking-watersystems across Ontario is

now being implemented. It will involvethe ConformityAssessment Division ofthe Canadian General Standards Board(CGSB) as well as the provincial gov-ernment, and it is the culmination of aneight-year process following an eventthat most Ontarians will remember.

Between May and June 2000, atragedy took place inWalkerton, Onario,that led to the deaths of seven residentsand the serious illness of more than 2,000others. At the time, the cause of thetragedy was not understood; no one hadreason to suspect that the town’s drinkingwater system was contaminated with E.Coli bacteria, Escherichia coli O157:H7.However, many questions led to the sus-picion that the safety of the town’s drink-

nor’s recommendations for the futuresafety of drinking water. One of thoserecommendations was for a government-wide drinking water policy and a SafeDrinking Water Act (SDWA) for Ontario.Justice O’Connor proposed that the Min-istry of Environment (MOE) take thelead in developing and implementing thepolicy. He also addressed the need forquality management through mandatoryaccreditation and operational planning.

The government implemented sev-eral measures to meet these recommen-dations, including the passing of Bill195, Safe Drinking Water Act, 2002, en-acted as Chapter 32 of the Statutes ofOntario, 2002; the implementation ofThe Municipal Drinking Water Licens-ing Program (MDWLP); the develop-ment and enacting of Section 19 of theSDWA; and the development of theDrinking Water Quality Management

From tragedy to quality: Ontario accreditsmunicipal drinking water system operatorsBy Sachere Butler and Daniel Lamothe

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:59 PM



Standard (the Standard). The MOE isresponsible for the administration of theSDWA and the MDWLP and overall as-surance of adherence to the Standard.

Paragraph 22 of Part IV of the SDWArequires that one or more accreditationbodies be designated or established for theaccreditation of the operating authoritiesfor drinking water systems. The CGSBwas approached by the MOE to take partin this provincial program as the accredi-tation body for the operating authorities.The CGSBwas selected for its unique fi-nancial structure as a cost-recovery or-ganization, and for its successful ongoingrelationship with the provincial govern-ment through auditing in the food sectorusing the Hazards Analysis Critical Con-trol Point (HACCP).

In November 2006, the CGSB initi-ated testing of the accreditation programfor operating authorities as a pilot pro-gram. The Municipality of North Mid-dlesex was selected to be the firstparticipant and Middlesex received aCertificate ofAcknowledgement inApril2007 for its successful completion of thepilot program. Four other pilot sites fol-lowed suit: Lake Huron, Napanee, Ver-

milion Bay/Machin and Dryden.OnMarch 31, 2008, the CGSB signed

a five-year agreement with the MOE toprovide accreditation services for its li-censing program.

The role of the CGSBThe CGSB’s role as accreditation body

will be to review the operating authorities’applications for accreditation, carry outaudits to ensure adherence to the Stan-dard, accredit the operating authority afterconsidering the auditor’s recommenda-tions, and monitor the ongoing conform-

Water plant operator cleaning filter assembly.


March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:59 PM



authorities.Applications will be receivedthroughout 2009 and 2010 in staggeredstages, beginning with the larger munici-palities, then the medium-sized munici-palities and ending with the smaller ones.

There are three options available tothe operating authorities during initialapplication, based on whether an on-siteaudit is conducted and on the number of

ity of the accredited operating authority’squality management system (QMS) to therequirements of the Standard.

The CGSB is responsible for accredit-ing the operating authorities and theMOEis responsible for licensing the owners.

The Accreditation Program for Oper-atingAuthorities has been designed to fa-cilitate the process for the operating

Standard elements covered. These op-tions are Limited Scope – Partial Stan-dard, Limited Scope – Entire Standard,and Full Scope – Entire Standard. Thereare also options available throughout theprogram for transitional and emergencysituations in which one operating au-thority replaces another.

The programwill be carried out in thefollowing manner. The operating author-ity submits its application to the CGSB.Each application received will be as-signed to an auditor who will conduct asystems audit (desktop review) of theQMS documentation and prepare anaudit report identifying any corrective ac-tions to take. Operating authorities thatapplied for Limited Scope – Partial Stan-dard accreditation and Full Scope – En-tire Standard accreditation will thenproceed with an on-site verification audit,and corrective action request if necessary.

Once all corrective actions have beenaddressed to the satisfaction of theCGSB, a certificate of accreditation willbe issued to the operating authority forthe accredited subject system. Regard-less of the initial option chosen by the

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operating authority, the end result is thatall operating authorities must obtain FullScope – Entire Standard accreditationfor their subject systems as a require-ment under MOE’s licensing program.

Once Full Scope – Entire Standardaccreditation has been obtained, theCGSB will conduct annual audits ofeach operating authority’s QMS to en-sure continued adherence to the Stan-dard. This will be carried out inthree-year cycles with the first twoyears involving a surveillance audit (asystems’ audit and, if necessary, an on-site verification audit) and the third yearinvolving a full re-accreditation audit (asystems’ audit and an on-site verifica-tion audit). Certificates will be re-is-sued every three years upon successfulcompletion of the re-accreditation audit.

The key people managing the pro-gram are Don Fulton, manager, DanielLamothe, conformity assessment spe-cialist, and Sachere Butler, administra-tive co-ordinator. The team is currentlyworking on recruiting auditors and ad-ditional resources, and making finalprogram infrastructure arrangements tostart receiving applications.

In November 2008, Fulton andLamothe attended a question-and-answersession with members of the MOE inToronto. The session gave the operatingauthorities a chance to ask questionsabout both the accreditation program andtheMunicipal DrinkingWater LicensingProgram, as well as to meet the membersof the CGSB. Approximately 70 operat-ing authorities attended the session, andother sessions are being planned with thegoal of connecting with all operating au-thorities in the province.

In total, there are over 700 municipaldrinking water quality management sys-tems that will require Full-Scope – En-tire Standard accreditation by June2012. This means completing more than700 audits across Ontario in approxi-mately 3½ years, a challenge for theCanadian General Standards Board, but,with its 75 years of experience, it is con-fident it can provide the necessary serv-ice on this important initiative.

Sachere Butler and Daniel Lamothe arewith the Canadian General Standards

Board. For more information,E-mail: [email protected]


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March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:59 PM


Bioremediation

ity of the soil conditions and the site to-pography.

A spill of this nature occurred at aresidential property near Dwight, On-tario, on the shore of Lake of Bays. Ap-proximately 900 litres of heating oilescaped from a storage tank located atthe front corner of a home on a steep up-gradient from the lakeshore.

The lakeshore was approximately 18metres from the spill site and the slopeof the terrain towards the lake was ap-proximately 45 degrees. Due to the steepgrade and heavy rains at the time the oilspill occurred, free-phase oil had reachedthe lake within days of the spill, necessi-tating the installation of oil spill contain-ment booms to prevent further migrationof the oil into a nearby protected water-fowl sanctuary.

In addition to installing the booms inthe lake, the topography of the site re-quired an interceptor trench to be exca-vated upgradient of the lake, and theheavily affected soils were immediatelyexcavated from the exterior of the foun-dation walls of the residence.

Additional site investigations con-firmed that the oil had also seepedthrough the cinder blocks of the founda-tion wall and migrated under the resi-dence. The soil and groundwater under

Soil and groundwater contamina-tion resulting from the failure ofdomestic fuel oil storage tankson residential properties can

present a number of significant environ-mental problems. These include contam-ination of drinking water and harmfulvapours, which can lead to significantimpacts to the environment, healththreats to humans, and potential risks toplants, animals and the ecosystem.

When a domestic fuel oil spill occurs,remediating the contaminated soils andgroundwater is paramount for home-owners, not only for health reasons, butalso with a view to maintaining propertyvalues.When fuel oil escapes from leak-ing or damaged domestic fuel oil stor-age tanks or fuel oil supply lines, it canquickly become a very complicated sit-uation, especially if any of the spilled oilmigrates underneath the structure of thehome or has the potential to affect thegroundwater.

Depending on the site conditions, thecosts of cleaning up domestic fuel oilspills can range from a few thousanddollars to hundreds of thousands of dol-lars or more. As these costs continue toincrease, insurance companies, environ-mental consultants and property ownersare constantly looking for ways to con-trol them.

Excavating contaminated soils andtransporting the soils off-site for dis-posal has become significantly more ex-pensive over the past few years, so theuse of alternative technologies such asoil-degrading microbes to treat the con-taminated soils and groundwater on-sitehas resulted in considerable savings inoverall clean-up costs.

Under ideal soil conditions, in whichthe soils are of uniform composition anddensity, the migration route of the oilthrough the soils would be downward ina conical pattern. Whenever there areobstructions and/or changes in soil com-position, the oil, drawn by gravity, willfollow the route of least resistance. Ac-curately determining the extent of a con-tamination plume depends on severaldifferent factors, including the complex-

the dwelling were heavily affected by thespill.

As the groundwater contamination atthis site presented the highest risk of fur-ther impacts to the lake, a series of moni-toringwells and a large-diameter recoverywell were installed at the site.

The groundwater from the recoverywell was pumped to a mobile treatmentunit (MTU) provided byOil Spill ControlServices Inc., which treats contaminatedgroundwater through an oil separator andfilter system. Once the MTU was acti-vated and no further contamination wasfound in the lake, on-site hydraulic con-tainment of the contaminated ground-water was achieved. Attention was thenfocused on the remediation of the con-taminated soil beneath the residence.

In addition to oil seeping through thefoundation wall in the basement, oilcontamination was found in the concreteof the basement floor. The resultingvapours permeated the home, forcingthe occupants to relocate for health rea-sons. The walls and floor were treatedwith Golden BioClean 200, an oil andgrease degrading cleaner, and air scrub-bers were activated in the basement.After four days, the vapours had dimin-ished and the homeowners were able tomove back into the residence. Portions

Bioremediation of soils and groundwatercontaminated with fuel oil

Oil seepage on the inside wall of the foundation.

By Larry Muzzin

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 6:59 PM


establishing that these products had sat-urated the area from the site of the spill tothe location of the recovery well. Test re-sults from the groundwater samplestaken from the MTU showed progres-sively less dissolved petroleum hydro-carbon contamination. The diminishingpetroleum hydrocarbon concentrations inthe groundwater samples confirmed thatthe microbes were degrading the fuel oil.

Once the groundwater samples com-ing through the MTU were clear of fueloil contamination, it was reasonable toconclude that the remediation of the soilhad been accomplished. The MTU con-tinued to operate to ensure this conclu-sion, and to alleviate any concerns offurther undetected contamination or typ-ical rebound effects when remediatingcontaminated groundwater.

The time required for the remediationof the contamination at the property wasapproximately 15 months. If bioremedi-ation had not been considered, other fea-sible alternatives for remediation wouldhave been demolition of the building andremoval of the contaminated soil, or un-derpinning the building and removing

the bacteria will remain in the soil untilall the food supply, the petroleum hy-drocarbons, is depleted. The harmlessby-products, H2O and CO2, and the ex-pired microbes become a part of the nat-ural soil structure.

The areas where the contaminatedsoil had been excavated were not back-filled, allowing easier access for the mi-crobial slurry to the expected migrationroute of the contamination plume. A re-taining wall with a roof extension wasput in place to prevent erosion along thebuilding’s foundation walls, and was indue course also enclosed and heated sothe microbial activity could continueduring the winter months.

The microbial slurry was also appliedin the area of the basement where the soilhad been exposed from the removal of theconcrete floor. The microbial slurry andsupport agents were applied in these twoareas, the excavated area and the exposedbasement area, equally and on an ongo-ing basis, from July 2007 to August 2008.

Field observations showed that thebioremediation products that had beenapplied had reached the recovery well,

the contaminated soil. In the first case, anew building would have had to be con-structed; in the second case, soil wouldhave had to be replaced. Both scenarioswould have been costly - up to three orfour times the cost of bioremediation.

Demolishing buildings and excavat-ing contaminated soils on any contami-nated site will not improve the levels ofcontamination in the groundwater, andgroundwater remediation will still be re-quired in order for the legislative clean-up requirements to be met.

Although the drawback to bioreme-diation is the amount of time requiredfor it to take place, the benefits go be-yond the financial. They include reduc-ing contamination in landfill sites,reducing damage to the integrity of thecontaminated area, and reducing use ofheavy machinery, all factors that reducethe impact on the environment.

Larry Muzzin is with Golden Environmental Services.

For more information, E-mail: [email protected]

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Water Treatment

be accessible for a few weeks each year.Distance presents a problem because ofthe high cost of building and maintainingroads and pipelines. At nearly $1 millionper kilometre for a road and a pipeline insome locations, simple economics placesdistant piped water sources beyond thereach of most communities. Add to thiscost the potential for pipeline freezingand the severe operating conditions, andcloser becomes a lot better.Over the past decade, the Government

of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) hascommitted significant resources to ensur-ing safe, reliable and accessible drinkingwater for all residents. A co-ordinated ef-fort of GNWT departments has been es-tablished to deliver on this commitment.From a technical perspective of

drinking water quality, a multi-barrierapproach is the grounding principle. Amulti barrier is an integrated system ofprocedures, processes and tools that col-lectively prevent or reduce the contam-

Thinking “outside the box”, orin the case of the CanadianNorth, “outside the ice cube”,has resulted in design and con-

struction innovations for water treat-ment plants in response to extremeconditions across the Northwest Terri-tories and Nunavut.The challenges of working in the

Canadian north extend well beyond re-membering to add 10 to 20 degrees oflatitude beyond the 49th parallel for aproject location. Extreme cold, very lim-ited access, extraordinary costs and scantresources are a few of the routine chal-lenges that engineers, suppliers and con-tractors have become familiar with indesigning and building for high latitudes.Maps of the NWT and Nunavut may

suggest that the territories have an abun-dance of water, but they don’t present theentire picture. Rawwater supplies may beabundant, but they may be at a great dis-tance from communities, and may only

ination of drinking water from source totap in order to reduce risks to publichealth. For the NWT multiple-barrierapproach, three distinct barriers havebeen formulated.The first barrier is “keeping water

clean” by preventing contaminants fromentering drinking water sources. Thesecond barrier is “making water safe,”which focuses on identifying, treatingand removing natural or man-made im-purities. The third and final barrier is“proving water is safe,” by developingand maintaining strong quality monitor-ing programs and taking swift correctiveaction when deficiencies are identified.

Sachs Harbour projectAll of these factors were applied to

the extreme water treatment engineer-ing completed in Sachs Harbour, NWT,by AECOM (formerly Earth Tech).Sachs Harbour is located along theBeaufort Sea, on the southwestern shoreof Banks Island, at 71˚ 59' N latitude,

Extreme water treatment in the Far NorthBy Glenn Prosko and Ken Johnson


March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:48 PM

125˚14' W longitude. It is the mostnortherly community in the NorthwestTerritories, 520 km northeast of Inuvik.This small traditional community has apopulation of approximately 150, whichis serviced by water and sewage trucks.Access to Sachs Harbour is by sched-uled and charter air service from Inu-vik. Freight service is completed by asingle annual supply barge, which de-parts from Hay River in June.

Sachs Harbour was named after theship Mary Sachs of the Canadian ArcticExpedition of 1913. In 1929, a permanentsettlement was established when threeInuit families settled there to trap. In1953 the RCMP set up a detachmentpost, and the residents lived a very tradi-tional lifestyle, hunting muskox, caribouand polar bear. Today the community'seconomy is still based primarily on hunt-ing and trapping, and to a lesser degreeon tourism. Oil and gas exploration con-

tinues in the Beaufort Sea, and local busi-nesses include retail and food sales, sup-porting mostly the local needs.

In 1978, an intake and truckfill fa-cility near Water Lake (also referred toas DOT Lake, MOT Lake and WaterSupply Lake) was constructed in SachsHarbour. This water system includedone intake complete with a submersiblepump feeding water from Water Lakeinto the truckfill facility. Raw waterfromWater Lake was chlorinated usinga calcium hypochlorite solution that wasmixed and stored in the facility.

During August of 2002, the GNWTDepartment of Public Works and Serv-ices completed a review of Sachs Har-bour’s water system management andinfrastructure. This report identifiedseveral deficiencies related to the exist-ing water supply system and the opera-tion and maintenance practices. The


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March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:48 PM


major recommendation arising from thisreport was the need for a new watertreatment facility in the community.During the summer of 2003,AECOM

was selected to provide engineering serv-ices to upgrade the existing water treat-ment facilities in Sachs Harbour. Thescope included compliance with currentand future water quality requirements, andaccommodation of future increased waterdemands as a result of population growth.

Recognizing the need for a simple,easy-to-operate water treatment system,the GNWT conducted pilot testing onvarious raw water sources around theterritory. The testing concentrated onthe use of cartridge filtration in smallnorthern communities that have excel-lent raw water characteristics, with theaim of gaining regulatory approval forthe use of cartridge filtration for meet-ing all of the existing and proposed fu-

ture Guidelines for Canadian DrinkingWater Quality (GCDWQ).The results of the pilot testing proved

favourable for the application of car-tridge filtration for small communities,and approval from the regulatory au-thorities was received in October 2003.The approval letter stated that the car-tridge filtration treatment method, alongwith chlorination, met the proposed newGCDWQ turbidity guideline, and there-fore was approved for treating pristinesurface water sources.The success of this pilot project pro-

vided another significant alternative toconsider for water treatment upgradingin Sachs Harbour.

Goals and process options forSachs Harbour

The water treatment evaluation inSachs Harbour used the following wateruse criteria for evaluating the potentialwater treatment processes and design-ing the water treatment system:• 2025 population – 192• 2025 average daily demand –18,043 L/day

• 2025 peak day factor – 2.1• 2025 peak daily demand –37,980 L/day

• Fire flow requirement – 1,000 L/minAECOM reviewed existing and antic-

ipated legislation pertaining to drinkingwater quality requirements for the NWT,as set out in the PublicWater Supply Reg-ulations (1990) under the Public HealthAct (which follows the GCDWQ). Therecommended water quality goals for theupgraded Sachs Harbour water treatmentsystem are shown in Table 1.

Water Treatment

Parameter Current Guidelines Anticipated NWT/GCDWQ Goal for Sachs HarbourFuture Guidelines

All parameters listed GCDWQ GCDWQ GCDWQ except where under the current GCDWQ superseded within this table

Turbidity MAC = 1.0 NTU Conventional Treatment Conventional Treatment AO < 5.0 NTU MAC = 0.3 NTU MAC = 0.3 NTU

Membrane Treatment Membrane Treatment MAC = 0.1 NTU MAC = 0.1 NTUCartridge Filtration = 1 NTU Cartridge Filtration = 1 NTUAO < 5.0 NTU AO < 5.0 NTU

Trihalomethanes IMAC = 100 ug/L LRAA: 80 ug/L LRAA: 80 ug/L

Haloacetic Acid None LRAA: 60 ug/L LRAA: 60 ug/L

Giardia cysts None 99.9% (log 3) removal 99.9% (log 3) removal

Viruses None 99.99% (log 4) removal 99.99% (log 4) removal

Cryptosporidium oocysts None 99.9% (log 3) removal 99.9% (log 3) removal

Table 1: Water Quality Goals for Sachs Harbour.

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A raw water quality analysis in SachsHarbour revealed that only the turbidityparameter exceeded the goals, which in-dicated that the source water from WaterLake is very good. Although no analysiswas done for Giardia and Cryptosporid-ium, it was determined that SachsHarbourfaces a low risk for the contamination ofthese two pathogens of the water supplydue to the absence of any activities asso-ciated with them nearWater Lake.

Various viable treatment process op-tions were evaluated for water treatmentimprovements. Several advantages anddisadvantages of each option were identi-fied and used in the evaluation of the op-tions, which are summarized in Table 2.

The evaluation indicated that CartridgeFiltration-UV (Future)-Chlorination wasthe best treatment option for Sachs Har-bour, based onmeeting the water quantity,water quality and operational require-ments. Financial requirements of the var-ious treatment train options were alsoconsidered in the evaluation.

The O&M costs for UF membranesare based upon an estimated membranelife, but this can be difficult to predictwithout extensive pilot work and can

Treatment Train Advantages Disadvantages

Clarification-Filtration Proven technology in the • Production of chemical - UV NWT (Aklavik and Fort sludges that need to be (Future) - Chlorination MacPherson are similar stored and disposed of

except without UV) by truck• Operators must posses

knowledge of chemistry in order to deal with changes in raw water quality

• Future UV disinfection requires a large amount of power

• Requires water to be stored within the plant for fire flowrequirements

Cartridge Filtration-UV • Simple to operate • Cost of replacement (Future)-Chlorination • Simple to maintain cartridge filters

• No water storage required • Future UV disinfection • Low capital cost requires a large amount

of power

UF Membrane • One-step treatment train • Amount of wastewater Filtration-Chlorination to meet all water quality generated is greater

goals than other options• Limited operator • High capital and

intervention, simple maintenance costoperation • Requires water to be

• Wastes can be disposed stored withinof directly to the the plant for fire flow environment requirements

Table 2: Water Treatment Process/Train Options.


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Cartridge filtration may achieve a 2-log reduction of Giardia and Cryp-tosporidium, and exceed the USEPAturbidity objective of 1.0 NTU. There-fore, cartridge filtration provides treat-ment greater than the current GCDWQ,and is capable of meeting the new tur-bidity guidelines. Based on this conclu-sion, UV disinfection was deferred as afuture process improvement, to beadded if and when the GCDWQ adopt aCryptosporidium goal of 3-log removal.

Considering that the Cartridge Filtra-tion-UV (Future)-Chlorination processwas capable of meeting all the current re-quirements and was the least expensive,it was the recommended treatment train.This process is capable of meeting all theobjectives outlined by the GNWT forSachs Harbour, and will provide a secure,easy-to-operate water treatment plant forthis extreme location well into the future.

Glenn Prosko, P.Eng., andKen Johnson, M.A.Sc., MCIP, P.Eng.,

are with AECOM. E-mail:[email protected]

Water Treatment

March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:48 PM


Biosolids Management

Formany septage haulers acrossOntario, the uncertainty sur-rounding the future of septagedisposal is the cause of both

frustration and confusion; however, this isnot the case for haulers in the Townshipof Bonnechere Valley (Eganville). Lo-cated an hour west of Ottawa, BonnechereValley is one of the few municipalities inOntario which has already addressed theissue of septage disposal by using Geo-tube® dewatering containers.The township first trial-tested these

dewatering containers in a small pilotproject, processing about 21,000 gallonsof septic tank waste in July 2005. AGeotube unit measuring 22 ft. x 22.5 ft.was filled and allowed to dewaterthrough the winter months. Not only didthe unit successfully dewater the sludge,the lab results of both the effluent andretained solids were impressive.The effectiveness, simplicity and af-

fordability of the technology encour-

aged BonnechereValley to use Geotubeunits as a long-term solution for thetreatment of septage and biosolids fromthe wastewater treatment plant.Construction on the permanent de-

watering and processing facility beganin September 2007 and was completedin April 2008. Located directly acrossthe road from the wastewater treatmentplant in the Village of Eganville, the de-watering and processing facility is nowfully operational and consists of six,thirty foot circumference, fifty foot longGeotube units. Two of the units are lo-cated in a greenhouse structure so thatbiosolids from the wastewater treatmentplant can be dewatered during wintermonths. These units also provide haulerswith a winter disposal facility for emer-gency pump outs that may be requiredduring the winter.The process for a septage hauler to

empty a truck at the dewatering facilityis simple and straightforward. Haulersare required to pull their tanker trucksup to the septage station and empty theload from their tanker into the 10,000gallon underground holding tank. Afteremptying their trucks, haulers can then

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March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:10 PM

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drive away and resume business asusual. Local haulers will no longer haveto spend time land-applying septage tofields, nor will they have to handle po-tentially dangerous chemicals.

A simple bar screen removes solidwaste, such as plastics, during emptyingto ensure nothing too large is pumpedinto the holding tank. Once the 10,000gallon holding tank has reached capacitythe screened septage is mixed by a sub-mersible pump located in the holdingtank. The waste is then pumped into aGeotube container. While the sludge isbeing pumped from the holding tank it ismixed with a polymer solution. As withmost dewatering technologies, polymeris required in order to separate the solidsfrom the liquids.

While the dewatering containers arefilling, a clear filtrate immediately be-gins to filter through the container.Eganville’s units sit on a concretedrainage bed which is designed to directthe filtrate, via gravity, into a 10,000gallon filtrate storage tank. Once thestorage tank is filled with clear filtrate,a batch entry is made back to the head-

works of the treatment plant where thefiltrate undergoes further treatment tomeet stringent Ministry standards be-fore being released to the environment.

Once the unit has finished dewater-ing and the retained solids have beenprocessed into a nutrient, the contentscan be easily removed by a front endloader. Now the nutrients can be appliedto approved fields, or used for energyproduction.

The simplicity and affordability ofGeotube dewatering containers meansproactive septage haulers do not have towait for decisions to be made onbiosolids disposal in Ontario.Affordablefacilities can be implemented by haulerson their own land, providing dewatering,treatment and storage of septage.Haulers can also encourage their respec-tive municipalities to follow BonnechereValley Township’s example and addressthe issues facing the septage industry.

Matthew Green is with BishopWater Technologies.

E-mail: [email protected]


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March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:11 PM



TheCity of London, Ontario, isserviced by six wastewatertreatment plants. The Green-way Pollution Control Centre

is the largest of these, and accepts allbiosolids produced in the City.

The Greenway PCC stores sludge,typically containing 3% to 4% solids, inholding tanks. The sludge is then mixedwith polymer and pulp, and dewateredinto a cake with an average solids con-centration of 22.5%. An average of 217tonnes/d of this cake was produced in2007, resulting in a Total Dry Solidsmass of 48.6 tonnes/d.

After the sludge has been dewatered,it is incinerated. Due to the high capitalcost of these units, the City has opted toaccept all biosolids at the Greenway fa-cility for centralized incineration.

In the summer of 2008, an extensiverebuild project was undertaken to reha-bilitate the incinerator. R.V. Anderson

Associates Limited was retained by theCity of London to select and implementan alternative biosolids processing strat-egy. The process would be operationalfor the six month period that the incin-erator was expected to be taken offline.

During this time, throughput for theinterim stabilization system had to matchthat of the incinerator, as additional stor-age was not available. The treated sludgehad to comply with Ontario Ministry ofthe Environment (MOE) regulations anda revised Certificate ofApproval was re-quired. The biosolids were to be trans-ported by truck via city streets, so theaesthetics of the biosolids were ex-tremely important.

SelectionThere were two strategies considered:

processing the biosolids so that theywere suitable for land application, orshipping wet cake to the landfill facility.Land application provided the benefit ofrecycling nutrients in the processedsludge, the sustainable option. Con-versely, this option was weather de-pendent and would require storage of thebiosolids until ambient outdoor condi-tions were suitable for application. The

An innovative approach to biosolids processing

Bioset product after storage and screening.

By Scott MacIntosh

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:11 PM



biosolids would also have to complywith the Nutrient Management Act.

The second option, sending wet caketo the landfill facility, would require theleast amount of capital cost but wouldcause a variety of other issues to arise.Odours would be very strong and ship-ping through city streets would likely leadto many odour complaints from the pub-lic. Pasteurization of the sludge would notbe taking place so the biosolids wouldhave to be immediately buried at thelandfill, causing tipping fees for disposalof the wet cake to be six times the cost ofstoring ClassA biosolids.The cake wouldnot be suitable for use as either dailycover or land application.

Due to costs, odour and spill con-cerns, and environmental responsibility,this option was quickly dismissed.

It was determined that the biosolidswould be processed and stored at theW12a landfill facility. A portion of thematerial would be used as daily cover,while the rest would be stockpiled forpotential land application pending MOEreview. An application for a Certificateof Approval for a transfer station at thelandfill is currently being reviewed bythe MOE. In order to meet the landfillcriteria for eventual land application,processed biosolids had to meet ClassArequirements for pathogen reduction.

After analyzing some methodologiescapable of producing ClassA biosolids,a few downfalls became apparent. Someprocesses produced a liquid slurry thatwas high in ammonia and very odorous.These liquids would have the potentialto contaminate a water source via stormsewers if a tanker truck spill occurred.Some processes would produce ClassAbiosolids under elevated temperaturesand pH, but could potentially lose thisstatus once the product was returned tonormal environmental conditions.

The process offered by Texas-basedBioset, Inc. satisfied the design criteria.The output from the process is solidrather than liquid, and thus a spill wouldbe less likely to migrate into a waterbody. It would also make the clean-upmuch easier. These were major factorsas shipping of this product was to occurseveral times a day for six months. Theoutput appears much more like topsoil,negating some of the negative publicperceptions for land application of anodorous liquid slurry. The output haslow levels of ammonia, making theodour much less noticeable than manyliquid land-applied products.

The processThe initial installation of a BIOSET™

process was made ten years ago at theKingwood, Texas WWTP, and servicesthe 5.25 MGD facility. After its initialsuccess, an additional five pilot studyplants were set up in the United States.Two were located in Louisiana and threein Florida, all providing good results. Op-erators from the Greenway PCC travelledto Florida to look at two installations.After being impressed with the operator

feedback, the City gave their support tothis method.

The process achieves Class Abiosolids via the time vs. temperatureequation and pH adjustment per theEPA 503 regulations. Biosolids andchemicals are homogeneously mixed ina screw feeder and pumped to an insu-lated reactor using a hydraulically acti-vated duplex piston pump. The reactoris a 32-foot long cylindrical vessel withplug flow characteristics.

The design retention time was onehour, with a peak flow retention time of43 minutes. This easily exceeds the 20

Lime silo is raised above the roof. Lowering the lime silo through the roof.


Pump and hopper.

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:11 PM


minute peak limit set by the EPA.All pro-cessing takes place in the enclosed ves-sel, so odours can be contained and easilyremoved with an ammonia scrubber.The process relies on the addition of

quicklime and sulphamic acid. Thequicklime increases the pH in excess of13, breaking down cells within the reac-tor, resulting in increased concentrationsof free ammonia. The process utilizesthis free ammonia to kill pathogens in thebiosolids. The high pH in the material isoften maintained for some time afterbeing discharged from the reactor, en-suring pathogen reintroduction does notoccur. Some reports have shown a pH of12 was maintained for up to six months.Because the free ammonia is respon-

sible for disinfection, operating tempera-tures need only to be maintained at 55°C.Pasteurization through temperature aloneoccurs at 70°C, requiring either addi-tional chemical or energy costs. The tem-

perature increase is achieved through theexothermic chemical reaction, thus thesystem requires no additional heatinginput. By eliminating the need for auxil-iary energy requirements, costs and en-vironmental impacts are reduced.The process also offers some addi-

tional benefits to pasteurization. Manymetals contained in the biosolids are pre-cipitated out in high pH conditions, re-ducing their solubility and mobility. Thiswas not a major factor, however, at theGPCC as their sludge is typically low inmetals. The process also provides freecalcium ions that can react with hydro-gen sulphide and organic mercaptans,reducing these biological waste odours.

Design, construction andcommissioning

Since the process relies on maintain-ing adequate temperatures, the ambienttemperature of the installation locationis important. Most installations had been

made in the southern United States, sothe process was placed entirely outdoors.Given Canada’s cold conditions, an out-door installation would not work.To further complicate matters, out-

door installations typically have lessspace constraints and a linear setup canbe completed. There was no space for alinear arrangement in the existingGreenway building, so a three-story de-sign was needed. This required cuttinga large hole in the roof of the buildingand lowering a 45’ tall lime silo throughthe roof with minimal horizontal clear-ance. The pump and piping were in-stalled in the basement of the buildingand the reactor on the third floor.The installation in London is the first

of its kind in Canada. Accordingly, theapprovals process necessitated earlycontact with the MOE to confirm thisnew technology was suitable for the ap-plication and would be acceptable to theMinistry. The installation at the GPCC,a facility that operates in excess of 30MGD, is also the largest installation byBioset, Inc. in the world.The incinerator contract mandated

shutdown on August 15, 2008, so a criti-cal deadline had to be met. The Biosetprocess was first considered in Decemberof 2007. From the time of initial consid-eration to design, approval, implementa-tion, and operation, a period of only eightmonths elapsed.The design, approval, andimplementation of new technologies canbe very time-consuming, but, given themandatory incinerator shutdown date,there was no possibility for extension.This created a very demanding timelinewith no flexibility.

OperationsBiosolids were hauled at a rate of at

least one truck per hour, creating a con-tinuous flow of traffic. This process wasrun for 24 hours a day, five days a week.The process was shut down on the week-end to prevent hauling traffic at peaktimes. This left little room for error inthe process as storage space was limited.Night dumping at the landfill was alsorequired, which typically is not done.The process accepts cake from

sludge presses into a hopper, where it ismixed with the lime and acid and thenpumped to the reactor on the third floor.There are four presses feeding into thehopper, which complicated the system


Reactor vessel.

The Bioset process.

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:11 PM


controls. Depending on which presseswere running, the pumping rates andacid/lime feed rates had to be adjustedaccordingly. Operators had to monitorthe hopper levels and pump rates to en-sure the process ran correctly.

When the process ran continuouslythere were very few problems. Issuesbegan occurring when weekend shut-

downs took place. Typical installationsoperated with a cake that was about13% to 15% solids. The cake producedat Greenway is mixed with polymer andpulp, and then fed through presses pro-ducing a material that is about 22.5%solids. Due to the high solids concen-tration of the cake, the reactor outletpipe would get plugged. A lubrication

system at the outlet had to be con-structed to inject water into the reactorto ensure proper flow on start up.

ConclusionsThe project was delivered on time

and on budget. The process output wasregularly monitored and, with a few ex-ceptions, met the requirements of ClassA biosolids for storage at the landfill fa-cility. During the period of time that thishauling took place, there were no odourcomplaints. Given the high public ex-posure of this project from continuoushauling on city streets, it was significantthat the output from the system was aes-thetically acceptable.

The incinerator is now back on line,but the process has been retained as acontingency system for the future. Thiswill allow processing of all biosolidsproduced in the City, even in an emer-gency situation where the incinerator isundergoing maintenance.

Scott MacIntosh, B.A.Sc, EIT, is withR.V. Anderson Associates Limited.

E-mail: [email protected]


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March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:11 PM


Ecosystem Management

Since the 1970s, aquatic vegeta-tion growth on Canada’s play-ground waters has beenincreasing at an alarming rate.

This infestation has resulted in areas be-coming overgrown and congested, withmajor losses for tourism. In addition,damage to watercraft through fouledpropellers and water intakes has causedmany overheated engines and substan-tial repair costs. Boat owners and thoseobserving the overgrown waters nowlook for new destinations to visit andspend their tourist dollars.

This problem originally began in Eu-rope and then made its way into theUnited Sates and up into Canada. At onestage in the US, watercraft being takenfrom one lake to another would be put inquarantine for a period of one week orchemically sprayed to kill any fragmentsof plant vegetation that might have at-tached themselves to the boat or trailer.

Fragments from some plants havebeen noted to begin producing roots asearly as four days after separation fromthe main plant. With this re-growth andthe expanding water sports market, thespread of fragments from lake to lake orwithin the existing lake habitat is af-fecting the waterways in many ways.

As the impact of this invasion be-came clear, governments began to studythe problem more closely, to find waysto control the spread and to evaluatewhether there was a use for the vegeta-tion to offset the costs of controlling it.In Ontario, only one chemical was au-thorized for use in the aquatic environ-ment, along with mechanical harvestingmethods, to control the vegetation. Var-ious agricultural processes were under-taken but were of limited value.

Drawbacks of chemical treatmentChemical treatment appears to deal

with some plants, but does not addressothers. In addition, a licensed applicatormust apply the permitted treatment inlarger commercial areas, while individ-ual cottage owners may apply their ownwith approval. Posting of signs is also re-quired to advise adjacent landowners ofthe application date. Use of the water islimited for the following four to five

Controlling lake weeds with mechanical harvesting

Launching the harvester.

By Bruce Foxton


days while the chemical remains active.This form of aquatic plant control

continues today, but the invasion of var-ious aquatic plants into many lakes andrivers has been changing since the mid-'80s, resulting in reduced effectivenessof chemical treatment. In addition, thepublic has become far more aware ofchemical applications, both on land andin the water environment.

With chemical treatments, die-backof the plant vegetation occurs. After afew days, the dead plant material beginsto decompose and fall to the floor of thewater body. With the decomposition,oxygen is used up in the water columnthat normally provides oxygen to otherinhabitants of the environment.

This is the same process that occursduring the fall and winter months in abody of water when the vegetation diesback because of dropping water temper-atures and lack of sunlight. These die-backs can result in fish kills appearing inthe spring as a result of reduced oxygenlevels and icing-over conditions; thesecan prevent fresh oxygen from gettinginto the water and dissolving, as nor-mally happens during the course of waveand other water actions.

With both the artificial die-backcaused by the chemical contact and thedie-back that occurs naturally in the end-

of-season cycle, many years of plantvegetation accumulate. In addition, thewater bodies are affected by silt beingdisturbed on the floor by storm condi-tions or shoreline discharge. This mate-rial becomes a suspended solid in thewater column. In areas where vegetationhas remained untouched and reaches thewater’s surface during the summer sea-son, the suspended solids in the watercolumn are trapped by the vegetation,which acts as a snow fence. There is noroom to maintain the circulation of thesolids among the dense vegetation in thewater column so it falls to the floor ontothe layers of dead vegetation that haveaccumulated.

Over time, this build-up on the floorremoves storage capacity within thewater basin, causing flooding down-stream during high-water times of theyear. Further accumulation can be foundaround obstructions in the water such asrocks, debris, docks and other structuresthat act like snow fences, causing watermovement to slow and settling out thesuspended solids.

Mechanical weed harvestingMore favourable results can be ob-

tained with the use of mechanical har-vesting rather than chemical treatmentto deal with the vegetation problem. The

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:11 PM

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methods are comparable in cost.However, mechanical harvesting

needs to be done properly. Commercialoperations use state-of-the-art equip-ment with paddle-wheel propulsion thatdoes not get tangled in vegetation, asoutboards or similar types of propulsiondo. This commercial equipment also hassides to control the direction of the har-vested vegetation, up and onto the har-vester head following cutting.

Normal operations are usually notpermitted until July 1, unless otherwisestated in the issued permits. In commer-cial-size operations, shoreline off-load-ing operations have to be set up, usuallythrough the use of a shoreline conveyor,in which a harvester can travel to thenearest off-loading site and transfer theharvested vegetation onto the con-veyor.This, in turn, moves the materialinto trailers, roll-off boxes or trucks tobe removed to organic processing sitesor local composting programs.

The basic principle of mechanical har-vesting is a mechanical head with cuttingteeth along the bottom and two sides. Asthe harvester moves forward through thewater, the teeth located on the three sides

of the head move and cut the vegetationdown to a depth of approximately fivefeet. The vegetation is then conveyedonto a moving conveyor located behindthe cutting teeth and centred between thetwo sidewalls of the head.

Concerns about fish being swal-lowed up by the conveying head are notjustified, as vibrations from the splash-ing of the paddle wheels in the watercause the fish to move away. When thevegetation is dense, small minnows mayalready be trapped in it, but the har-vester design permits workers to be sup-ported on either side of the harvesterhead, where they can manually sortthrough the dense vegetation and returnthe minnows to the water. When thevegetation is not as dense, the construc-tion of the harvester allows the smallminnows to flow or fall through theconveyor links and return to the water.

If necessary, the conveyor can be putin reverse to off-load any materialcaught on the head. The vegetation thatis conveyed out of the water is then dis-charged onto a secondary conveyor onthe deck of the unit. Once fully loaded,the harvester transfers the load to the

shoreline conveyor.When excessive rain forces up water

levels, mechanical harvesters can getcloser to shore, but, with increasedwater levels and rainfall, underminingof shorelines can result in off-loadingproblems, as soft ground makes it diffi-cult to set up a shoreline conveyor or tobring trucks close to shore.

Under the opposite conditions, dryseasons can result in lake and river lev-els receding from shorelines, allowingfloating vegetation from the springmonths to become stockpiled in theseshallows, then decomposing, resultingin odours. This can limit the ability ofmechanical harvesters to get near shoreto remove accumulated vegetation.Sometimes not even manual removalcan deal with the volume of vegetationstockpiled by local onshore winds.

Harvesting innovationsInland Aquatics has adapted a walk-

ing dredge that can work both on landand in the water, carrying out many func-tions with a nine-foot rake on its excava-tor-like head. This unit can move itselfinto the shallows, stockpile the vegetationand bring it back out into operational


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March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:12 PM



depths for the mechanical harvesters tocollect and return to accessible shorelinelocations for off-loading.

To deal with such extreme conditions,a vehicle with balloon tires can be pro-pelled through the water to accept vege-tation from mechanical harvesters andtransport some 15 tons of material to ac-cessible boat launches, road ends or beach

accesses, and discharge it into waitingcontainers while permitting harvesters tocontinue operating. This unit can travelinto the near shore, remove the vegetationthrough a conveyor system or rake opera-tion similar to the dredge, and then moveon with limited disturbance to the area.

Studies have revealed that followingmechanical harvesting, the harvested area

becomes much healthier because of in-creased water circulation, reduced watertemperatures and improved fish health.

Bruce Foxton is withInland Aquatics. E-mail:

[email protected]

The harvester in action.

Heron Instruments offers a line of high quality groundwater monitoring instrumentation diverse enough for any groundwater project & any budget. The dipper-T & the Water Tape water level indicators are standards for measuring depth of water in wells, boreholes &standpipes. For narrow spaces the Skinny Dipper is aperfect fit. The Heron Conductivity PlμS Level &Temperature meter make conductivity profiling quick and easy. Use the Heron dipperLog groundwater data logger for continual, long term monitoring of water levels & temperature. Add the dipperWave system and communicate with your dipperLog at distances of up to1 Km (1000 yds). The H.OIL Oil/Water interface meter will measure product layers on your water as thin as1mm. When portability is an issue, choose either the Little Dipper water level indicator or the Sm.OILinterface meter, small enough to fit in any back pack.

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March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:49 PM


Site Remediation

fectively to help eliminate the potentialfor exposure. Emitters are installedquickly, provide immediate remedial ac-tion, and require minimal maintenancecosts throughout the remedial process.TheWaterloo Emitter is a device, de-

veloped by researchers at the UniversityofWaterloo, which uses a patented tech-nology to allow the enhancement of nat-ural groundwater remediation processes.The technology is based on diffusionprinciples, whereby a concentration gra-dient is set up between the inside of thedevice tubing and groundwater. This al-lows for the release of oxygen, or otherbio-enhancing amendments through thetubing to encourage and sustain thegrowth of microorganisms required forin situ bioremediation of contaminatedgroundwater.Manufactured by Solinst Canada Ltd.,

the Waterloo Emitter simply consists ofsilicone or polyethylene tubing coiled

Historical releases of petroleumhydrocarbons at fuel dispens-ing facilities have resulted inimpacts to groundwater and

soil. These impacts may represent a riskto human health, the ecology, or present aliability to the facility owner.Remedial approaches to these sites

range from natural attenuation, to pumpand treat, to excavation of all impactedmaterials. Limitations of these approachesinclude prolonged remedial time-framesand/or excessive costs.At a former fuel dispensing site in

southern Ontario, historical petroleumhydrocarbon impacts were preventingthe site from being redeveloped, as wellas representing a potential liability to thecurrent site owner. During facility de-commissioning activities in the mid-1990s, contamination in the shallowgroundwater and soil were noted. Lim-ited excavation was completed to re-move readily accessible impacted soil.These initial excavation efforts failed tocompletely remediate the groundwateron the site, which was migrating towardsa sensitive receptor down gradient.In 2007, Vertex Environmental Inc.,

who specialize in the in situ remediationof contaminated groundwater, were con-tracted to assess and ultimately clean upthe site. A review of remedial options forthe vacant site was completed and rec-ommended the installation of an en-hanced bioremediation system involvingthe introduction of oxygen into the sub-surface. However, concerns due to nearbyresidences limited the methods availablefor the introduction of oxygen to pas-sive/semi-passive techniques that wouldnot produce petroleum hydrocarbonvapour.Based on a technical and financial

review, the recommended remedial ap-proach involved the installation of Wa-terloo Emitters™ to allow the diffusionof oxygen into the impacted ground-water with the objective of stimulatingbiological degradation of the petroleumhydrocarbons. Migration towards down-gradient receptors was a major concern;this solution would work quickly and ef-

around a PVC frame. Single or multipleEmitters can be installed in screenedwellsor open boreholes, spanning the contam-inant plume thickness.When a fluid is in-troduced into the tubing, a concentrationgradient is created between the inside ofthe tubing and the groundwater.The device works in accordance with

Fick’s Law, whereby diffusion will occuruntil there is equilibration in chemicalconcentration inside and outside of thetubing. With this technology the oxygen(or other amendment) can be replenishedconstantly and, since the groundwaterflow around the Emitter is continuous, anequilibration point is never reached. Thisresults in steady, controlled diffusion intothe groundwater, without any decrease inconcentration of the amendment gas dueto bubbling.A total of fourteen devices were in-

stalled on site in October of 2007. The

Oxygen diffusion allows for quick remediation at aformer fuel dispensing site

Waterloo Emitter groundwater remediation device.

By Tricia Lane and Rick McGregor


March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:12 PM

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March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:49 PM

Site Remediation

geology of the site consists of granularfill to a depth of approximately threemetres below ground surface, which isunderlain by a thin sand unit on top ofweathered dolostone. The groundwatertable is located approximately two me-tres below ground surface within the fillunit.The contaminant plume occurredin the unconsolidated silty sand to adepth of approximately three metres,and initially stretched 30 metres longand 15 metres wide.

The devices were installed in 4-inchdiameter wells screened at and belowthe water table. The shallow ground-water flow is towards a nearby river lo-cated approximately 40 metres to thenorth of the property. Flow is estimatedto be approximately 15 metres per year.In order to prevent the contaminationplume from reaching the river, the Emit-ters were installed in wells forming a“fence” along the down-gradient prop-erty boundary.

Using three oxygen tanks, the deviceswere placed in series, with five Emitterseach connected to two tanks and foursharing the last tank. Dried air containing21% oxygen was released through the

polyethylene tubing and allowed to dif-fuse directly into the contaminant plume.

When a gas is applied to the Emitter,there is a direct correlation between anincrease in applied pressure and an in-

crease in the amount of gas available todiffuse into the groundwater. An oxygentank and gas regulator maintained at 20psi provided oxygen, allowing immedi-ate bioavailability of molecular oxygen.

Former UST

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MW-1

Historical Plume

Emitters

Groundwater Flow Direction

River

Layout of property and remediation efforts on site.

March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:49 PM


Purging each series, once every week, allowed anygroundwater gasses (CO2, CH4) that may have back-diffusedinto the tubing, to be vented to the atmosphere. Purging en-sured the performance of the units, by making certain thatthe concentration of oxygen in the tubing remained at an op-timal level, providing a steady flow of oxygen to the con-taminant plume.

During the remedial process, dissolved oxygen (DO) sampleswere collected on a monthly basis and groundwater samples forBTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) and total pe-troleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were collected quarterly fromdown-gradient monitoring wells.

Samples collected within one month of the installationshowed that DO levels in the monitoring wells had increasedan average of 880%. These levels help create ideal conditionsfor microorganism growth, which leads to aerobic breakdownof petroleum hydrocarbons.

Alkalinity within the groundwater increased from an av-erage of 89 mg/L as CaCO3, to greater than 300 mg/L, sug-gesting an increase in micro activity. Throughout theremedial process it was also observed that the pH of thegroundwater remained neutral, between 6.7 and 7.0.

Initially, TPH levels were measured to be a maximum of27,000 μg/L and averaged 9,600 μg/L. Initial BTEX levels

were approximately 11,000 μg/L. Within six months, sampleresults showed that the levels of BTEX and TPH had droppedbelow the analytical detection limit. Upon meeting the Soil,Ground Water and Sediment Standards for potable water, asset in the Ontario Environmental Protection Act, the Emittersystem could be decommissioned just one year after the in-stallation.

At decommissioning, no biofouling of the system wasnoted, nor was the rate of oxygen release decreased with time.Some ferric iron precipitation was observed on the Emitters,which could explain the decrease in dissolved iron that wasmeasured throughout the process. Dissolved iron levels de-creased from an average 890 μg/L to below the analytical de-tection limit.

In the end, the site was cleaned up in less than a year. The re-medial efforts worked quickly, eliminating the risk to the sensi-tive down-gradient receptor, while protecting the health ofnearby residents. The site owner is no longer dealing with con-tamination issues, and has property that is now safe for redevel-opment.

Tricia Lane, BSc. (Hon) is withSolinst Canada Ltd. E-mail: [email protected]

Rick McGregor, MSc., MBA, CGWP, P.Geo., is with VertexEnvironmental Inc. E-mail: [email protected]

Site Remediation

Samples collectedwithin one month of the installation

showed that DO levels in themonitoring wells had increased an

average of 880%.

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March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:49 PM


Phoslock is made by combining claycalled bentonite with the element lan-thanum. When mixed with water, itforms a semi-liquid or slurry, which isthen sprayed onto the surface of a waterbody.As the mixture sinks, it binds withphosphorous in the water to form an in-soluble compound that traps phospho-rous particles in a fine layer of sedimentat the bottom. In this form, phosphorousis no longer available as a nutrient toplants and algae.

Phoslock has undergone significanttesting and is safe, based on the con-centrations used within the pilot project.It is already being used in several coun-tries such as Australia, New Zealand,the United States, Germany, the Nether-lands and the U.K. Evidence from testsaround the world indicates it can re-move up to 95% of phosphorous anddoes not harm water quality or aquaticspecies.

LSRCA’s field test applications ofPhoslock in the Lake Simcoe watershedare the first to be carried out in Canada.

The pilot project consists of:• A field trial on a marsh located

on a farm.• An application into a stormwater

management pond in Newmarket.

Every year approximately 67tonnes of phosphorous enterLake Simcoe from sewagetreatment plants, storm sewers,

septic systems, urban, rural and agricul-tural run-off, rain, snow and wind-bornedust. To improve water quality, the On-tario government passed the Lake Sim-coe Protection Act in December 2008. Itrequires the province to develop a pro-tection plan for the lake and surroundingareas to address excessive phosphorous.

The draft Lake Simcoe ProtectionPlan, the most comprehensive water-shed-based legislated plan in Canada,was released in January 2009 for publicconsultation. It calls for developing acomprehensive strategy for managingphosphorous by reducing the loading to44 tonnes per year.

As part of the protection strategy, theprovince is working with the Lake Sim-coe Region Conservation Authority(LSRCA) on a pilot project to evaluatea product called Phoslock® that couldhelp to reduce phosphorous fromsources such as stormwater ponds andthe Holland Marsh. The LSRCA re-ceived $276,000 to measure the effec-tiveness and safety of Phoslock for usein the local watershed.

• A one-time application into theScanlon Creek reservoir in Bradford.

• A field study by the ConservationAuthority and the Ministry ofAgriculture, Food and Rural Affairsto look at the impact of Phoslock onirrigation and operational practiceson farms.

• Laboratory testing to validate thescience and test Phoslock, particularlyin “muck” soil, in Ontario.

• Testing the product to assess impactson the aquatic health of theecosystem.Evaluating Phoslock is just one action

the Ontario government is taking to ad-dress phosphorous levels in Lake Simcoe.

For more information,visitwww.ene.gov.on.ca/en/water

/lakesimcoe orwww.lsrca.on.ca/phoslock

New ways of reducing phosphorousin Lake Simcoe Photos courtesy of LSRCA

March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:49 PM

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Water Main Rehabilitation

main in North America.More than 10,000 kilometres of

mains have been rehabilitated over thelast 10 years, mostly in Europe andAus-tralia, using a spray-on, non-structuralfast-set resin. Like cement or epoxy lin-ing, this lining forms a physical barrierbetween the water and the main surface,preventing tuberculation and water qual-ity deterioration.However, “non-structural” means it

does not guard the water mains againstany leaks or breaks, and that was exactlythe problem the City ofVaudreuil-Dorionwanted to solve. The water mains hadlost most of their structural integrity duemostly to an aggressive soil. A total ofsix leaks and two breaks had occurredlast year.NSF-61-compliant Spray-in-Place-

Pipe (SIPP) quick-set structural polymericresin can be used for the rehabilitation of2-inch-diameter and larger potable water

In the fall of 2008, the City of Vau-dreuil-Dorion, Quebec, an off-is-land suburb of Montreal with apopulation nearing 28,000 people,

rehabilitated a total of 1.4 kilometres of150-mm and 250-mm-diameter cast andductile iron water mains using a fast-setpolymeric resin.The work consisted of cleaning, dry-

ing and projecting several coats of NSF-61 polymeric resin on the inside walls ofthe mains to obtain the required struc-tural reinforcement. Since the resin setsin only a few seconds, it was possible torestore water service to customers on thesame day of the work, without using abypass system. The City estimated itsaved several hundreds of thousands ofdollars that would otherwise have beenspent to replace the water mains.Acuro is believed to be the first com-

pany to having successfully sprayed astructural liner inside a potable water

mains. The polymeric resin is structuralby definition, since it exceeds the physicalrequirements of the Cure-in-Place-Pipe(CIPP) ASTM F1216 standard (bag-liner), widely accepted in the industry.The fast-set nature of the polymeric

resin (gels in five seconds, tack-free in30 seconds) allows return to service onthe same day as the work, rendering op-tional the use of a bypass system. In thiscase, the City opted not to use a bypasswhile asking for residents’ co-operation,thus saving thousands of dollars (andheadaches).Acuro’s rehabilitation method aims

at the structural reinforcement of distri-bution and transmission water mains,pipelines and conduits by installing aformulated fast-set polymeric resinliner, which is spray-formed to the orig-inal conduit by use of a hand spray orrobotic sprayer. The polymeric resin is athermoset material, cure-applied using

Structural rehabilitation of water mainswith fast-set polymeric resin By Stephane Joseph

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impingement mixing under hydraulicpressure within the tube. The SIPP iscontinuous and tight-fitting.

The polymeric resin used for theproject is corrosion-resistant; encrusta-tion will cease and the water main C-Factor will not decrease over time. TheC-Factor of a water main lined withresin is comparable to that of a PVCpipe. Polymeric resin shows a 10%elongation, which enables protectionand service continuity in the case of a

pipe break. In addition, the resin is re-sistant to all chemicals used in watertreatment processes, including chlorine.Without VOCs, the resin has a 50-yearlife span. In fact, the resin passed the100-year life span required for use innuclear plants.

Another major benefit of the poly-meric resin is that it is renewable; it canbe sprayed over and over, year after yearif need be. It also bridges small cracksand it provides a monolithic, close-fit

lining to the host pipe, regardless of itsdiameter or shape. Non-NSF polymericresin has also been used for many yearsto rehabilitate manholes, sanitary andstorm sewers and surfaces. Polymericresin is also an encasement system forlead, heavy metals and asbestos.

Work proceduresIn Vaudreuil-Dorion, a public tender

was issued with both the bag-liner CIPPand SIPP specifications. The SIPPmethod was selected. Compared to thecurrent trenchless CIPP rehab methodused, SIPP is usually about 30% less ex-pensive.

The scope included the rehabilitationof 350 metres of 150-mm and 1.2 kilo-metres of 250-mm-diameter water mains,along with the addition and/or replace-ment of main valves located on the mainsto be rehabilitated.

Although some changes have beenbrought to the process, field operationswere mostly based on the Code of Prac-tice: In Situ Resin Lining ofWater Mainsfrom the UKwater industry, andAWWAM28. Assistance from City staff was

Water main lined with polymeric resin.


March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:13 PM


customers and arrangements with sen-sitive customers were also planned.The customers’ service lines were

closed right after 8 a.m. every morning.The access pits had been excavated atthe existing valves’ location one or twodays previously. A one metre section ofthe water main was cut and removed toget access from both ends of the watermain. The main was inspected with a

minimal. Field technicians had receivedthe proper training and were certified bythe manufacturer of the spray-on system.Following site investigation and pro-

ject planning with City staff, boil-wateradvisories were distributed door-to-doorto customers, advising the nature of theproject and warning about the water in-terruption between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m.Asa courtesy, water bottles were offered to

video camera and cleaning operationsstarted immediately afterward.All videoinspections were digitized on-site.Following power cleaning, the main

was dried with squeegee and com-pressed air. Another video inspectionwas conducted to validate the cleanli-ness of the water main prior to spraying.A 3-mm thickness of resin was ap-

plied for the 150-mmwater main, and 5-mm thickness for the 250-mm watermain to meet the Fully Deteriorated Pipecondition of theASTM F1216 standard.A robotic cutter was used to drill and

reinstate the service lines, which wereonly partially blocked and easily visible,as their locations were also markedprior to lining. In addition to the printedrecord produced by the spray-rig soft-ware, confirming the volume (resinthickness) applied, a video inspectionwas also performed to validate properinstallation, especially around the serv-ice line connection.The water main was then disinfected

as per AWWA standards, pressure andwater tightness tests were performed andwater samples were collected for labo-ratory analysis. The main was recon-nected only at one extremity, creating anartificial dead-end until final test resultswere known. All tests results came backnegative. Water service was always re-stored at the end of each day for sanitaryuse even though it was not consideredpotable. Backfilling and reinstatementof the road surface followed.

Lessons learnedLessons were learned from the ap-

plication in Vaudreil-Dorion:1. Waving of the resin on the main

wall is amplified and appears worsethan it actually is. During the last weekof work, the outside temperature wasdown to –15C. It was found that warm-ing the compressed air used at the tip ofthe spray gun allowed for the proper dis-persion of the resin.2. As the resin was sprayed in both

directions in the water main, coverage ofthe near surrounding of the service lineswas excellent, preventing water infiltra-tion between the liner and the main.3. The water distribution system

mapping was quite accurate. However,an additional access pit was required tonegotiate a 90-degree bend that was notmarked on the original drawings.

Spray reel used to apply polymeric resin.


March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:50 PM


4. Because the 250-mm-diameterwater main was very fragile, a bypasswas installed between hydrants only toregulate the pressure between the twozones, thus preventing water mainbreaks during the opening-closing oper-ation of the valves.

5. Polymeric resin can be sprayedmanually for larger transmission watermains. As an example and to meet theCIPP standard, calculations show that14 mm of polymeric resin would beneeded to structurally reinforce a 750-mm-diameter transmission water main.

Structural evaluationA structural evaluation of the water

mains had been done several weeks pre-viously, using an electromagnetic probeto measure the wall thickness loss. The

worst area observed showed a 55% ma-terial loss. For such an evaluation, noexcavation was required, only the dis-mantling of the fire hydrants’ innermechanism. However, the probe canalso be used right after cleaning andprior to lining. Traveling at about 10metres/minute, the probe is insertedfrom one end of the water main to theother to determine, in situ, the watermain’s wall thickness loss, and thus itstrue structural condition.

CARE programTomaximize water main rehabilitation

budgets, Acuro has developed the CARE(Clean-Assess-Rehabilitate) program toprovide assurance and guidance about thelevel of rehabilitation required for eachwater main.Thework steps are as follows:

1. Clean the water main in the morning.2. Determine on-site the wall thicknessloss using the probe.3. Spray the desired thickness of poly-meric resin in the afternoon to provide anon- to a full-structural rehabilitation.

A step-by-step program is feasiblesince as many coats of resin as requiredcan be applied to obtain the desired pro-tection, as guided by the results of theevaluation.

Managers now have the option to re-habilitate the water mains in a non-structural fashion (i.e. 1-mm thickness)and use the on-site evaluation to deter-mine the water main’s true structuralstate and increase the resin thicknesswhen required.

ConclusionTo date, the City ofVaudreuil-Dorion

has not experienced any water qualitycomplaints or leaks or breaks on thelined water mains, despite the polartemperatures of this winter.

Stephane Joseph, B.A. (Env.), iswith Acuro Inc. E-mail:

[email protected]

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ings slowly leaches into the ground. Per-colating downward into a substrata ofsandstone, the leachate locates cracks orfissures in the sandstone and then, underpressure, begins to migrate outward be-yond the containment site area.

DeWind One Pass Trenching’s task atthis mine location was to install a trenchas part of the containment/control sys-tem that would effectively prevent the

movement of the leachate offsite whereit would create an environmental hazardto surrounding farmland.

MDH Engineering Solutions de-signed a system of deep interceptorshafts drilled every 3.048 metres to adepth of 22.86 metres into the sand-stone substrata and then filled withsand. As the salty plume migratedthrough the sandstone it would makecontact with a sand filled shaft and,being under tremendous pressure,would rise up the shaft toward the sur-face. Once near the surface it would becaptured, channeled and redirected backinto the containment area by way of acontinuously running trench. The trenchwas designed to gravity flow the con-taminated water toward a sump and thenpump the liquid back inside the con-tainment site.

In effect, what MDH EngineeringSolutions designed was an elegantlyengineered closed loop system wheremigrating contaminants would be con-tinuously captured and returned back be-hind the containment dyke.

However, the construction of thetrench portion of the capture system

Dewind One Pass Trencher installing sump station.

Large potash mining operationsare being carried out in multi-ple sites by a company inCanada’s western provinces. At

one of the mining operations, tailingscontaining large concentrations of saltare consolidated in massive piles in hold-ing areas. Surrounded by dykes, thesepiles create a contamination hazard as,over time, the salt contained in these tail-

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March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:14 PM


Groundwater Protection

posed some difficulties. The high mois-ture content of the soil, with its tendencyto collapse, would make constructionnot only difficult but, in fact, hazardous.The trench system would by necessityhave to follow the outside perimeter of

the dykes that surrounded the moun-tainous piles of tailings. These soildykes could themselves collapse whileexcavating the capture trench.

A conventional open excavation con-struction method was likely to cause thevery kind of cave-in that the site manager,Lorne Schnell from Morsky IndustrialServices, feared. “Basically there was noroom to dig a trench this close to thedyke”, he said.

Schnell knew this project was goingto require a construction method thatwould minimize soil disturbance, thus

maintaining soil stability in and aroundthe construction zone, especially closeto the dykes.

Schnell found what he was lookingfor in the One-Pass Trenching systemdeveloped by DeWind, of Holland,

Michigan. It is more of an incision-likecut that displaces minimal amounts ofsoil. Because the One-Pass Trenchersupports the opening as it cuts and si-multaneously backfills the trench withsand, gravel, or iron, a collapse is es-sentially eliminated.

In this project the backfill was 2NSsand placed over HDPE-SRD11 slottedpipe which was placed at the bottom ofthe trench, all in the same pass. Theproject remains ongoing as work is dis-continued in the winter months andrestarts in late spring.

DeWind has to date installed well over2,000metres (6,561 ft) of trench to a laserprecise depth that declines slightly overdistance, allowing the effect of gravity todirect the flow of captured contaminantsdownward toward the sump pumping sta-tion. The station itself was placed in po-sition by the One-Pass Trencher.

Other important advantages inherentin the DeWind One-Pass approach in-clude the reduction of spoils requiringmanagement and removal. A reducedamount of soil is removed to cut thetrench and some of this soil actually isrepositioned right back over the cut. Fur-thermore, because there is no open ex-cavation, there is an inherent safetyfactor built right in which makes the in-stallation risk free to on-site personnel.

The work done in the construction ofthe trench at the mining operation’s tail-ings site was less costly, more preciseand installed significantly quicker thanwould have been possible if a conven-tional approach had been attempted.


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Because the One-Pass Trencher supports theopening as it cuts and simultaneously backfillsthe trench with sand, gravel, or iron, a collapse

is essentially eliminated.

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:14 PM


Brownfields

mixed use plan, incorporating residential,light industrial, commercial and institu-tional land uses. The proposed architec-tural design is based on stewardshipconcepts which will focus on environ-mental responsibility, resource efficiency,occupant comfort and well-being, andcommunity development.

The pre-purchase, due diligence re-view completed by Terrasan, prior to ac-quiring the site, revealed that the variousdecommissioning works required for re-development would cost in excess of $5million and would include hazardousmaterial abatement, structural demoli-tion and subsurface soil and ground-water remediation.

Upon a thorough review of the over-all site conditions, including salvage op-portunities, implementation of buildingreclamation strategies, resource materialrecovery opportunities, as well as im-plementing sustainable remedial strate-gies, the site decommissioning costswere calculated to be well below theoriginal estimate of $5 million.

Terrasan has completed an extensivehazardous material abatement program,which involved the removal of asbestoscontaining materials (ACMs), mercury,

In September of 2006, Terrasanfinalized the purchase and acquisi-tion of a 60 acre parcel of landknown as the Dominion Arsenal

Lindsay and began the appropriate stepsto redevelop this historic property.

The property was utilized for indus-trial manufacturing purposes, from theconstruction in 1914 of a small armsmanufacturing facility, owned and oper-ated by the Canadian government, upuntil its closure in June 2005 as a rubbermanufacturing facility.

When Terrasan acquired the derelictand under-utilized property, it housednine interconnected buildings, totalingapproximately 200,000 ft2, three out-buildings, one partially-submerged con-crete munitions’ test firing range, andeight former munitions’ storage cells.

The property is located in the southend of Lindsay, Ontario, and is sur-rounded by residential, parkland and in-stitutional property uses. Although thesite was zoned General Employment,the City of Kawartha Lakes recognizedthat it was not a long-term General Em-ployment use site.

As a result, Terrasan put forth a sitedevelopment plan that encompasses a

polychlorinated biphenyls, and haz-ardous chemicals located throughout thebuilding.

The asbestos abatement work com-ponent included the containment and re-moval of the asbestos-containing pipeinsulation wrapping located along the20 ft high ceilings throughout the nineinterconnected buildings and the threeoutbuildings, and the subsurface aerosolboiler pipe wrapping located withinsubsurface trenches located throughoutthe property.

PCB decommissioning at the sitemeant the removal of all light ballasts,and transformer decommissioning.

Demolition activities took place in2007. On-site structural demolition wasperformed by mechanical means, utiliz-ing tracked excavators with variousdemolition-related attachments such asgrapples, shears and pulverizers to ex-pedite efficiency. Demolition activitiesadhered to the Waste Audit Report.

The purpose of the waste audit wasto determine the amount of demolitionmaterial which could be reduced, re-used and recycled. It was determinedthat approximately 99% of the demoli-tion material, including all concrete,

Original building section of the Dominion Arsenal Lindsay occupied by the brass foundry and coal gasification plant.Upon its final use as a manufacturing facility this portion of the building manufactured inner tubes for various types ofequipment.

Decommissioning and redeveloping a small armsmanufacturing facility siteBy Doug Dolby

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:14 PM


Brownfields

brick, concrete block, ferrous and non-ferrous metal, and wood, could be re-implemented into the new developmentplan or sold as processed recyclicate.

A review of the subsurface soil andgroundwater conditions at the site re-vealed that contaminants of concernconsisted of chlorinated solvents, petro-

leum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons and various heavy metals.At this time, Terrasan is in the processof reviewing the feasibility and cost-ef-fectiveness of utilizing various remedialstrategies. The remedial options beingconsidered for the project are: ex-situbioremediation in constructed bio cells;

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ex-situ and in situ chemical oxidization;groundwater “pump and treat” throughinstalled extraction wells; and solidifi-cation/stabilization of the surficial soilsimpacted with heavy metals.

To expedite the development process,Terrasan has sub-divided the propertyinto a 20 acre parcel and a 40 acre par-cel. The rationale behind this methodol-ogy is to seek two separate Records ofSite Conditions (RSC). The 20 acre par-cel of land, located to the northwest ofthe property, housed the industrial build-ings and, therefore, subsurface soil andgroundwater impacts are more predom-inant in this area of the site. The 40 acreparcel located to the south of the prop-erty has remained primarily untouchedby industrial usage.

Completing two separate RSCs willenable development to commence via atiered approach by initiating develop-ment within the 40 acre parcel and re-mediating the 20 acre parcel in tandem.

Doug Dolby is with TerrasanGroup of Companies. E-mail:

[email protected]

Proposed Master Plan Concept looking from the southeast.

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:14 PM


Site Remediation

Due to their pervasive use inindustrialized countries, per-sistence in the environment,and poor disposal techniques

prior to regulations, chlorinated solventsrank among the most severe and com-mon groundwater contaminants in theworld.

Recently, Environment Canada ap-proved a new method, which usesmicro-organisms to eradicate these toxiccompounds. It is built on a sophisticated,mixed culture of naturally-occurringanaerobic bacteria. One particular speciesconverts poisonous chlorinated solventsinto benign compounds.

Known as bio-augmentation, the re-mediation technology was pioneered byDr. Elizabeth Edwards, a chemical en-gineering professor at the University ofToronto, and her colleagues at Geosyn-tec Consultants. Dr. Edwards’ discover-ies and innovations were funded largely

New Canadian process approved to detoxifychlorinated solvents

Students from Dr. Edwards’ lab visit Geosyntec in Guelph; Dr Edwards is in thefront row on the left.

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:14 PM


Site Remediation

by the Natural Sciences and Engineer-ing Council (NSERC).

Drawing on post-graduate studentsfrom Dr. Edwards’ team, Geosyntecformed a subsidiary, SiREM Labs, tocommercialize the technology. Since2003, SiREM has deployed the mixedculture, dubbed KB-1®, to clean upmore than 150 contaminated sites in theUnited States and Europe. According toDavid Major of Geosyntec, there aretens of thousands of sites in NorthAmerica, contaminated with variousforms of chlorinated solvents.

This class of chemical compoundsincludes: perchloroethene or PCE with

four chlorine atoms; trichloroethene orTCE with three; dichloroethene or DCEwith two; and monchloroethene (orvinyl chloride) with just one chlorinesubstituent.

Vinyl chloride, used to make plas-tics, is a known carcinogen. PCE, or“Perc” is a common dry cleaning sol-vent. PCE and TCE, even in tiny con-centrations measured in parts perbillion, are suspected of causing canceras well as other severe ailments, such asliver, central nervous system, respira-tory and kidney diseases.

The military, along with the automo-tive, aerospace and electronics sectors,

Electron micrograph of theDehalococcoides in KB-1.Reductive dechlorination.

employs chlorinated solvents as indus-trial-strength degreasers. At one time,they were even used to remove caffeinefrom coffee.

Chlorinated solvents were first syn-thesized chemically in the 1930s, but ittook almost 50 years before the adversehealth effects were recognized.

Prior to the establishment of envi-ronmental regulations in the late 1970s,the compounds were simply dumped inopen pits, based on the misunderstoodnotion that they would simply degradein the presence of sunlight. The realityis that chlorinated solvents are heavyand generally insoluble compounds thatsink well below the water table.Yet theyare sufficiently soluble to contaminatepotable water in sub-surface aquifers.

Today, for the most part, chlorinatedsolvents are safely recovered and recy-cled. But the legacy of decades of im-proper disposal methods is an enormousclean-up challenge.

Prior to the advent of bio-augmenta-tion, one of the most common methodsof groundwater remediation was “pumpand treat” technology. According to Dr.


March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:50 PM


Site Remediation

Edwards, bio-augmentation is less thanhalf the cost, can work quite a bit faster,and requires far less energy, resulting inlower greenhouse gas emissions. More-over, KB-1 is capable of destroying con-taminants, whereas “pump and treat”merely moves them from one mediumto another.

The origins of Dr. Edwards’ bio-aug-mentation technique date back to 1989,when Cornell University research indi-cated that PCE and TCE could be com-pletely dechlorinated to non-toxic ethenein anaerobic digester sludge. A shorttime later, Dr. Edwards and colleagueslocated an Ontario site, where largeamounts of ethene were detected. Re-searchers uncovered a microbial culture,capable of rapidly degraded TCE, thatwould ultimately become KB-1.

When KB-1 was first enriched in thelab, the precise identity of the dechlori-nating microorganisms was unknown.Several different microbes have sincebeen identified that derive energy forgrowth from dechlorination, but mostare unable to fully dechlorinate PCEand TCE. Further research showed thatfull dechlorination is unique to a group

of anaerobic microbes, called Dehalo-coccoides, initially identified in 1997.

Dehalococcoides are unusually tinyanaerobic bacteria, about 500 nanometresin diameter, much smaller than E. coli.They grow by consuming hydrogen - anelectron donor that is their only energysource - and breathing chlorinated sol-vents, which serve as electron acceptors.As the electron acceptors are reduced, thechlorine atoms are replaced by hydrogenatoms, thereby converting chlorinatedsolvents into non-toxic ethene, also morecommonly known as ethylene.

The researchers discovered that KB-1 harbours at least two distinct strainsof Dehalococcoides. Regardless of thestrains, they confirmed that the rate ofdechlorination is significantly faster inmixed cultures than it is in pure cul-tures. Indeed, in the mixed culture ofKB-1, the dechlorinating microbes willdouble every one to three days.

In 2008, KB-1 successfully com-pleted the New Substances Notification(NSN) approval process under theCanadian Environmental ProtectionAct. In fact, KB-1 is the first and onlymixed culture to date approved for use

by Environment Canada under NSN.As Dr. Edwards notes, Canada’s cli-

mactic and geological conditions arequite different from those in the UnitedStates and Europe, where KB-1 hasbeen applied successfully for more thanfive years.

She says the unique nature of everycontaminated site is probably the biggestchallenge confronting those who designand engineer bio-remediation solutions.Each site requires a customized ap-proach because of differing characteris-tics related to the flow of groundwater,the presence of possible inhibitors, theheterogeneous mix of aquifer materials(rock, gravel, sand and clay), and the na-ture, amount, and distribution of toxiccompounds.

“You must have good characteriza-tion of the site. If you don’t know ex-actly what you are dealing with, how areyou supposed to clean it up?”, she asks.

Effective characterization, Dr. Ed-wards adds, also aids in determiningwhich sites should be cleaned up first.


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ConferencePreviews

dent of the UN General Assembly. In-sight into managing today’s challengeswill be offered by Lou Di Gironimo,General Manager of Toronto Water.Technical sessions will cover treat-

ment, distribution, university research,management, young professionals, pub-lic affairs, small systems, source waterprotection, water efficiency, climatechange, groundwater treatment, EA andmaster plans, and metering issues.The Pipe Tapping Demonstration re-

turns this year with teams from Ottawaand Toronto. The winning utility will beeligible for the AWWAACE 2009 com-petition in San Diego this June. Also re-turning is the Water Taste competition.A “Water For People” fund-raising

golf tournament and a tour of the Lake-view Water Treatment Facility are alsofeatured events.This year, operators can take advan-

tage of the special reduced rate offered

The 2009 Ontario Water WorksAssociation/Ontario Munici-palWaterAssociation joint an-nual conference and tradeshow

will be held at the Toronto CongressCentre, May 3 - 6.Keynote session speakers include the

Ontario Minister of the Environment,John Gerretsen, and Maude Barlow,Senior Advisor on Water to the Presi-

at the conference for the MandatoryCourse for Drinking Water Operatorsand Water Quality Analysts. TheYoungProfessionals will again be holding aWater Cup Challenge and a fun event ofnetworking.The event also features a 100 booth

tradeshow, organized by the OntarioWaterWorks EquipmentAssociation; itis open Sunday evening, May 3, andMay 4 and 5.

For more information, visitwww.owwa.ca, call (416) 231-1555,or E-mail: [email protected]

Maude Barlow to address 2009 OWWA/OMWAannual conference

Maude Barlow

John Gerretson

March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:50 PM


Wastewater Treatment

for lagoon development. In Alberta, atypical piece of land is governed by thewastewater retention capacity, which re-quires a minimum of four days foranaerobic cells (two minimum), 60 daysfor a facultative cell and 12 months fora storage cell. This results in tens ofacres of land needed for a lagoon for avillage or small town, and hundreds ofacres for a town with a population of afew thousand people.

The treatment efficiency of activatedlagoons is related to the lagoon hydraulicretention time; to obtain high treatmentefficiency, the hydraulic retention timemust be long. That requires a large quan-

Small municipalities predomi-nantly use conventional lagoons(stabilization ponds) for munic-ipal wastewater treatment. Many

industrial operations, including food pro-cessing and pulp and paper production,also use lagoons for process and sanitarywastewater treatment.

With adequate design and retentiontime, lagoons provide acceptable waste-water treatment with a substantial re-duction of nutrients and bacteria. Theoperating costs of conventional lagoonsare low and the treatment process issuitable for varying wastewater flowrates and biological loading. However,there are several essential drawbackswith this treatment process.

In the Canadian environment, withlong periods of low temperatures, con-ventional lagoons have to provide alengthy residence time for the wastewaterto accomplish adequate treatment. As aresult, large areas of land are required toaccommodate the lagoons. The locationof the lagoons is sensitive in relation tourban and industrial developments, recre-ational facilities and transportation corri-dors due to a potential smell.

The selection of land is also critical,as the local near-surface hydrogeologi-cal conditions will have a direct andprofound impact on the lagoon con-struction costs. A low groundwater tableand high ground elevation not subject tosurface water flooding are essential con-ditions for the lagoon site location.

The local soil quality also has a di-rect impact on the lagoon constructioncosts. Good-quality local clay can beused as a liner to accomplish a water-tight structure that will meet environ-mental requirements for wastewaterseepage control. Importing clay will in-crease the construction costs. Other op-tions for construction of a watertightstructure are synthetic liners or ben-tonite, soil/cement mixture, concrete orasphalt liners. These are all usuallymore expensive than a local and im-ported clay liner.

The size and location of the land re-quired are often the most critical factors

Economical wastewater lagoon aeration systemBy Jan Korzeniowski

tity of air supply to keep the wastewatersolids in suspension and to provideenough oxygen supply for adequate bio-logical treatment activity in the lagoon.

Efficient and less costly lagoon aer-ation can be provided with a novel aer-ation system and treatment process thatoperates as an activated sludge treat-ment process with activated sludge re-cycle, and that can be designed as asecondary or tertiary treatment process.

The wastewater aeration is primarilyaccomplished outside a wastewater la-goon, although some aeration is contin-ued inside the lagoon or in an aerationtank. The wastewater aeration is pro-

Figure 1: Wastewater aeration system schematic.

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:15 PM


vided by a circulation pump and an airaspirator-mixer that has a high-effi-ciency air supply and oxygen transfer tothe wastewater.

The pump is a standard wastewatereffluent pump. A non-clog wastewaterpump is not required. The air aspirator-mixer is a venturi-type device with pre-and post-spiral mixers. The basic com-ponents of the aeration system areshown in Figure 1; they include a circu-lation pump, an air aspirator-mixer andan aeration tank.

Wastewater flows by gravity to theaeration tank and to the circulation pump.The circulation pump supplies the influ-ent wastewater to the air aspirator-mixerunder a pressure usually between 15 and30 psi. A vacuum condition is developedin the air aspirator, which allows air toflow into the device and mix with thewastewater. The pre- and post-spiral mix-ers promote the air and wastewater mix-ing and transfer of oxygen into thewastewater.

The influent wastewater is usuallysettled raw wastewater or a mixture ofsettled raw wastewater and aeratedwastewater or activated sludge, or both

recycled from the treatment process ofwhich the aeration system is a majorcomponent.

The aeration system can provide acontinuous aeration, an intermittent aer-ation and a continuous mixing, and acontinuous mixing without aeration ofthe wastewater, which result in a con-tinuous aerobic, intermittent aerobicand anoxic, and continuous anoxic con-dition respectively. Also, wastewaterprior to aeration can be supplied to theupper part of the aeration tank as asource of carbon for denitrification.

The aeration system, with properprocess controls, can provide BOD re-moval, and nitrification and denitrifica-tion processes in a single tank.

This aeration process can be appliedto the aeration of existing lagoons to in-crease their capacity several times or tonew lagoons with very small land arearequirements for a continuous or inter-mittent discharge of treated wastewaterto the environment.

Simple improvements can be carriedout to increase an existing lagoon’s ca-pacity. A single-cell lagoon can be pro-vided with recirculation pipes that will

supply settled wastewater to the aerationsystem and discharge aerated wastewaterback to the lagoon. Proper location of thesupply and discharge pipes in the lagoonwill ensure a recycle of activated sludgefrom the lagoon to the aeration system.Thus, the treatment process can operateas an activated sludge process with asludge recycle.

An additional aeration tank can beprovided with the aeration system to en-hance the treatment efficiency. This isprimarily desirable in cold climates. Theflow of the wastewater from the lagoonto the aeration system can be by grav-ity, to minimize the complexity and costof the aeration system.

The lagoon will have three differentoperating zones: primary settling zone,aeration and sludge recycle zone, andsecondary settling zone. Many existinglagoons are provided with anaerobic,facultative and storage cells. The pro-posed aeration treatment system can beinstalled in the facultative cell.

In an existing lagoon consisting oftwo cells, one cell can be partitioned tocreate a primary settling cell, a clarifi-



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nitrification and partial denitrificationare also possible.

The wastewater flow through thetreatment process is primarily by grav-ity, except the aeration part through theair aspirator-mixers, which provides thesystem with simplicity, reliability andlow capital and operating costs.

Future expansion of the system canbe accomplished by construction of sec-ond primary settling and clarificationcells in the storage cell.

cation cell, an activated sludge returncell and a storage cell. The other existingcell can be kept in operation after theaeration system is installed as a secondstorage cell, or closed and reclaimed.

This arrangement offers good con-trol of the treatment processes involved:primary settling, activated sludge recy-cle and clarification. The first storagecell can be used for future expansion ofthe aeration system and the second stor-age cell will allow for flexibility in anintermittent discharge of the treatedwastewater to the environment, if thisis necessary or beneficial.

An additional aeration tank can beprovided with the aeration system to en-hance the treatment efficiency. Thisis primarily desirable in cold climates.

In another alternative for the aerationsystem, one existing lagoon cell is par-titioned into a primary settling cell, aclarification cell and a storage cell.Also, the aeration system is providedwith an aeration tank and a partial set-tling tank for recycle of activated sludgeto the aeration system. With this system,high efficiency and control can be ac-complished over the BOD removal, and

The second cell of the existing lagooncan be used as an additional storage cellto allow for more flexible intermittentdischarge of the treated wastewater to theenvironment, if necessary.

In a modification of this system,anaerobic and anoxic tanks are addedupstream of the aeration system for re-moval of phosphorous and nitrogen.

The aeration tank can provide BODremoval and nitrification, and partialdenitrification, and the anaerobic tankcan provide phosphorous removal. Thedenitrification process is completed inthe anoxic tank.

The aeration system ensures good con-trol over the aeration and mixing of thewastewater in the aeration tank with con-trol of the air supply volume and flow rate,without affecting the wastewater mixingefficiency due to the use of the circulationpump. Also, the system provides for asupply of wastewater as a carbon courseto the upper part of the aeration tank. Suchoperation facilitates conditions for ade-quate aeration to accomplish BOD re-moval and nitrification in the lower partof the aeration tank and partial denitrifi-cation in the upper part.

Additional treatment processes areavailable for further treatment of thewastewater for land irrigation and in-dustrial processes, and even for domes-tic use for flushing toilets, if allowed byfuture regulations.

Jan Korzeniowski is with J.K.Engineering Ltd. E-mail:

[email protected]

Big Trout Lake lagoon.

March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:50 PM


drinking water supply and treatment anddistribution, small drinking water sys-tems, drinking water disinfection, drink-ing water system management, waterconservation, water sustainability, crossconnection control, wastewater collectionand treatment, wastewater managementand reuse, small wastewater systems, de-centralized wastewater systems, organic

The British Columbia Water andWaste Association’s 2009 an-nual conference and tradeshowwill be held at the Penticton

Trade & Convention Centre,April 25 - 29.Maude Barlow, Senior Advisor on Waterto the President of the UN General As-sembly, will present the keynote address.

Technical session topics include:

Penticton to host 2009 BCWWA annual conferenceand tradeshow

residuals processing and recycling,stormwater management, drought man-agement, municipal operations, assetmanagement, security issues, emergingtechnologies, operations, analytical tech-nologies, service delivery, governance andfunding, Water For People projects andprograms.

This year the conference will includetechnical tours of the SummerlandWaterTreatment Plant, theThirsk Dam, and theWestbank Irrigation District. Also therewill be a Water For People wine tour.

The event also offers a number ofcompetitions for operations personnel,including large pump tear down, smallpump tear down, and a “Top Ops”knowledge contest. There will also be atradeshow.

For more information, visitwww.bcwwa.org, call (604) 433-4389,

or 1 (877) 433-4389.

ConferencePreviews

March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:50 PM

If it’s about water, it will be at WEFTECIf you can only attend one water quality event during the year...make it WEFTEC and discover why it is the largest water quality event in North America.

WEFTEC offers the best water quality education and training available and is the leading source for water quality developments, research, regulations, solutions, and cutting-edge technologies.

Collection SystemsFacility OperationsMembrane TechnologiesMicroconstituents/EDCsNutrient RemovalResiduals and BiosolidsStormwater ManagementSustainable PracticesUtility ManagementWastewater TreatmentWater ReuseWatershed Management

0982nd Annual Water Environment Federation

Technical Exhibition and ConferenceOrange County Convention CenterOrlando, Florida, USAConference 10-14 October 2009Exhibition 12-14 October 2009

Online Registration is available March 31, 2009. Visit www.weftec.org for details.

March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:51 PM

THEWorld’s WaterEVENTSan Diego, California June 14–18, 2009

We have a badge with your name on it.With more than 1,000 water industry professionals sharing their expertise with you, ACE09 delivers essential education and innovation to sustain safe water worldwide.

Take advantage of discount registration rates, available through April 17, 2009.

Visit www.awwa.org/ace09 for the most current information, and to register for ACE09.

Register now!

March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:51 PM


Emergency Response

rience and hands-on training.They also realize, through exercising

emergency response plans, that an or-ganization must be co-ordinated to han-dle a cyanide event. Where time iscritical, they must deploy respondersand medical personnel, as well as beingprepared with supplies and equipment.

Being able to smell cyanide is not areliable indicator for identifying thelevel of danger. Some people report thatthey can smell or get a slight taste intheir mouth, when exposed to low con-centrations of cyanide; others do notsmell the cyanide. Therefore, it is im-portant to realize that people who aredemonstrating non-traditional behav-iour may be affected by the toxic prop-erties of cyanide.

Signs of serious poisoning includecold, clammy, heavily sweating skin,redness of the skin, and a grey/blue dis-coloration of the skin, which may occuras the cyanide is impairing the body’sability to take in oxygen.

Cyanide does not have an odour inthe solid state, but, if ingested or if itcomes in contact with other bodily flu-ids such as perspiration, it becomes asystemic poison. The severity of impactto the body is based on the dose re-sponse relationship and time taken todecontaminate, administer an antidoteand oxygen at the scene.

Medical help is required to monitorthe patient and provide the sodium ni-

Cyanide is a systemic poisonthat targets organ systemssensitive to low oxygen lev-els, such as the central nerv-

ous system (brain), cardiovascularsystem (heart and blood vessels), aswell as the pulmonary system (lungs).Depending on the dose-response rela-tionship, an acute effect can cause per-manent damage due to the lack ofoxygen.

These facts may conjure up fears thatcyanide is going to ‘get you’! And, itmay get you, if you don’t understand itscomplexity, as well as respect its physi-cal and chemical properties.

The International Cyanide Manage-ment Code was developed to help re-duce the potential exposure of workersand communities to harmful concentra-tions of cyanide, to limit releases ofcyanide to the environment, and to en-hance response capability in the eventof an exposure, spill, or release. TheCode addresses the gold mining indus-try’s process production, transportation,storage and use of cyanide. It also fo-cuses on accident prevention, training,emergency response and exercising pro-cedures and plans.

By contrast, several decades ago, highschools that taught metal-work had openboxes of sodium cyanide for students touse when they were working on projectsthat required case hardened steel!

The three golden rules for respondingto cyanide exposure, spill or release are:

• Never assume.• Suit-up for toxicity.• Work clean.Many Chemical Biological Radio-

logical and Nuclear (CBRN), Haz-Mat,and Industrial Emergency Responseteams are trained on cyanide. However,it is often without actually usingcyanide, to demonstrate its chemicalproperties, reactions, and how to modifyconditions, or how to stop the offgassing of hydrogen cyanide gas. Re-sponders, who have made a split-seconddecision, that has made a difference, re-alize the value of this knowledge, expe-

trite antidote intravenously. Medicalpersonnel must be protected, becausecasualties who become sick to theirstomach will bring up bodily fluids thatmay be reacting with ingested cyanidethat will be releasing highly toxic hy-drogen cyanide gas.

Cyanide, when wet, becomes waterreactive and toxic when inhaled, ingested,or absorbed. Cyanide, at a neutral pH,releases hydrogen cyanide, which is apoisonous liquid below 25.6ºC and a poi-sonous gas above 25.6ºC. Acute expo-sures can be rapidly fatal.

Understand the risks and hazards, andassume nothing, protect your entry routesto the body and stay clean. These factscan be scary to responders who do nothave first-hand experience with cyanide.They should be of concern to people whodecide to rush in to help others withouttraining and proper protection.

Responders must understand and re-spect the complexities of what they areworking with. When you have a strongcorrosive-basic substance, you add acorrosive-acid to neutralize the base toa pH of 7. However, deciding to add anacid to neutralize cyanide would createmuch off gassing of poisonous hydro-gen cyanide and result in an adversecondition. To reduce or stop the gener-ation of hydrogen cyanide, a strongerbase (not acid), such as a hydroxide, canbe used to make the pH value of the

Proper training and planning essential forcyanide spill and release response

How to identify contaminationon crusted snow. Photo courtesyGoldcorp, Musselwhite Mine,Ontario.

By Cliff Holland

continued on page 96...

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:33 PM

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ACGTechnology ADI Systems

Aquateck Aquateck

Armtec

Armtec

Armtec provides BEBO concrete archbridges in Québec, Ontario and WesternCanada. Based on technology devel-oped in Switzerland, BEBO arches arean economical alternative to cast-in-place concrete or structural steelbridges. They are available in a range ofshapes with spans up to 31m.Tel: 519-822-0210, Fax: 519-822-1160E-mail: [email protected]: www.armtec.com

Concrete arch bridges

The Gasmet Dxseries analyzersare designed formobility andthey can be usedin a variety ofdifferent meas-urements. Gas-

met Dx-4000 analyzers are typicallyused in stack emissions monitoring, cat-alytic process control and in a variety ofdifferent applications where multiplegas compounds need to be accuratelymonitored on-site.Tel: (888) 965-4700E-mail: [email protected]: www.avensyssolutions.com

On-site portable analyzers

The PolychemWeda system is a self-driven, fully submerged system usingwing-mounted shredder pumps that pro-vide superior pumping capacity to thor-oughly remove solids and sedimentfrom the bottom of rectangular or circu-lar clarifier basins without clogging.Tel: 705-725-9377, Fax: 705-725-8279E-mail: [email protected]: www.cmeti.com

Remove solids and sediment

Drive yourprocess andyour bottomline! TheEmotron M20shaft powermonitor pro-tects ma-

chines and processes against destructiveoverload and underload conditions.There are currently over 500,000 M20sprotecting applications the world over.For more information, contactEmotron’s authorized Eastern Canadiandistributor, Aquateck.Tel: 877-633-0999, Fax: 514-633-9374E-mail: [email protected]: www.aquateck.com

Shaft power monitor

PeriFloChemTuffpumps solveproblems withtroublesomediaphragmmetering pumps

feeding potassium permanganate.Undissolved crystalline potassium per-manganate causes repeated clogging ofpump ball check assemblies and back-pressure valves, resulting in excessivefouling, extensive downtime, and com-plex and costly maintenance. The solu-tion – ChemTuff Peristaltic Pumps!!!Tel: 877-633-0999, Fax: 514-633-9374E-mail: [email protected]: www.aquateck.com

Pumps in action Stormwater solutions

Armtec provides awide range ofCONTECHstormwater qualitymanagementsystems through-out Canada. Prod-ucts includeVORTECHShydrodynamic

separation systems and VORTFILTERfiltration systems. These systems areamong the best for capturing suspendedsolids, oils, grit and trash from storm-water runoff.Tel: 519-822-0210, Fax: 519-822-1160E-mail: [email protected]: www.armtec.com

Avensys C&M Environmental Technologies

www.esemag.com

ACGTechnology

ACG Technol-ogy’s packagetreatment sys-tem offers per-formance anddurability. Itprovides sewage

treatment within a small footprint. Aer-ation, mixing and settling can be ac-complished in compact, easilytransported ISO containers, ideal for re-mote locations. Provides flexibility ofadding future parallel units, an econom-ical means of meeting the needs of anygrowing sewage loads.Tel: 905-856-1414, Fax: 905-856-6401E-mail: [email protected]: www.acgtechnology.com

Package Treatment System

ADI’s latest innovation in industrialwastewater treatment and waste-to-energy is the anaerobic membranebioreactor, or AnMBR. This membrane-based, high-rate anaerobic treatmentsystem provides superior treatment ofwastes in a small-footprint, easy-to-operate package.Tel: 800-561-2831, Fax: 506-452-7308E-mail: [email protected]: www.adisystemsinc.com

Anaerobic membranebioreactor

Coalescing oil/waterseparators

ACG Technology’scoalescing oil/water separatorsare available incarbon steel, stain-less steel, FRP andpolypropylene con-struction. Standard

systems include air operated diaphragmpump, air filter and floating skimmer.Adjustable weir and skimmer height pro-vides optimal oil removal and minimaldisposal volume. Standard range is 1 to50 GPM.Tel: 905-856-1414, Fax: 905-856-6401E-mail: [email protected]: www.acgtechnology.com

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:16 PM

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Can-Am Instruments Can-Am Instruments

Gardner Denver Engineered Products

C&M Environmental Technologies

Canadian Safety Equipment

Lightweight plastic ventilator

Pelsue has introduced the new 1325pAxial Ventilator with Airpac 15' or 25'hose canister. This rugged ventilator isperfect for confined space entry ventila-tion and is available in 12 VDC or 115VAC.

Tel: 800-265-0182, Fax: 905-272-1866E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.cdnsafety.com

Claessen Pumps

Grindex’s new stainlesssteel pump line com-bines the integrity ofyears of tested designwith the ingenuity anddurability of new tech-nology. Inox pumps canbe used in applicationsthat would destroy theiraluminum predeces-sors. Their stainlesssteel construction en-

ables them to endure pH values from 2 –10, making them ideal for extreme envi-ronments with highly acidic or alkalinecontents. Tel: 705-431-8585, Fax: 705-431-2772E-mail: [email protected]: www.claessenpumps.com

New stainless steel pumps

Canadian Dura-bility Guidelinefor CorrugatedSteel Pipe Cul-verts. Your loca-tion in Canadamay affect thelong-term per-formance of yourinfrastructure.Understanding

your local environment helps you to se-lect the steel material best suited to yoursite, for optimum durability and value.

Tel: 866-295-2416, Fax: 519-650-8081E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.cspi.ca

Gravity pipe design

Corrugated Steel Pipe Institute

Using large diameter corrugated steelpipe under parking areas and play-grounds is a cost-effective way to meetreduced runoff and environmental re-strictions while allowing revenue pro-ducing services, recreation andcommercial development. Design soft-ware is available, FREE. Tel: 866-295-2416, Fax: 519-650-8081 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.cspi.ca.

Underground stormwatermanagement

Corrugated Steel Pipe Institute Endress + Hauser

Endress+Hauser Flowtec AG inSwitzerland, the company’s new calibra-tion facility, sets standards worldwide.The facility produces measurementsthat deviate no more than ±0.015 per-cent from the reference value – equiva-lent to about the contents of onechampagne glass in one thousand litresof water. Endress+Hauser operates inaccordance with internationally ac-cepted standards for the accreditation ofits products.Web: www.ca.endress.com

New calibration facility

Gardner DenverCentrifugalProducts Groupoffers a SiteAudit programdesigned toevaluate your

centrifugal blower system and deter-mine if it is optimal for your process. Ifyour process requirements or systemdesign have changed, a reconfiguredblower could mean efficiency improve-ments and cost savings.Tel: 770-632-5000, Fax: 770-631-0765E-mail: blowersolutions@

gardnerdenver.comWeb: www.gardnerdenverproducts.com

Reconfigured blower

The WesTechClearLogic™MBR, featuringAlfa Laval Hol-low Sheet™membrane tech-nology, offersclear advantagesto the MBRprocess, includ-

ing ultra-low trans-membrane pressure,even flux distribution across the mem-brane and full chemical circulation dur-ing clean-in-place (CIP) operation. Tel: 705-725-9377, Fax: 705-725-8279E-mail: [email protected]: www.cmeti.com

MBR technology

The Sigma 910AV measures averagevelocity directly without the need fortime-consuming flow profiling, signifi-cantly reducing the cost of installationand operation. This meter will log leveland velocity data for more than 60 dayswithout changing a battery.

Tel: 905-829-0030, Fax: 905-829-4701E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.can-am.net

Area velocity flow meter

Highland Tankprovides youwith thestrongest andmost reliablegrease inter-ceptors in the

industry - the best alternative to agrease trap. Highland interceptors aredesigned to remove animal and veg-etable-based fats, oil, and grease (FOG)from wastewater discharged from foodservice establishments.

Tel: 905-829-0030, Fax: 905-829-4701E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.can-am.net

Grease removal system

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:16 PM


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H2Flow Tanks & SystemsGeneq

The JetMix Vor-tex Mixing Sys-tem can be usedin bio-solidsstorage wheresolids suspen-

sion is important. Benefits of using theJetMix system include: Intermittent op-eration saves 60-90% in power con-sumption; expensive tank cleanout andscheduled maintenance not required;easily installed in existing tanks; multi-ple tank mixing using a central pumphouse. JetMix was a recipient of a 1997Innovative Technology Award from theWater Environment Federation.Tel: 519-469-8169, Fax: 519-469-8157E-mail: [email protected]: www.greatario.com

Greatario Engineered Storage Systems

John Meunier KSB Pumps

Heron Instruments

Klorigen on-sitegenerators are a vi-able alternative topressurized chlo-rine gas cylindersand bulk sodiumhypochlorite. Theyproduce sodiumhypochlorite at a10 - 12 % concen-tration, with capac-

ities ranging from 50 to 20,000 lbs ofequivalent chlorine per day.Tel: 905-286-4846, Fax: 905-286-5805E-mail: instrumentation@

johnmeunier.comWeb: www.johnmeunier.com

Sodium hypochloritegenerator

Water hammer canoccur in large-scalepiping systems whenfluid flows are sud-denly interrupted,e.g. due to rapidvalve closing/open-ing or pump stops.Effects can rangefrom annoyingnoises to significant

damage to pipes, pumps and valves.KSB’s free-of-charge brochure showshow effective surge-control measureshelp to avoid this phenomenon.Tel: 905-568-9200E-mail: [email protected]: www.ksb.ca

Water hammer

Web-based monitoring system

The HOBOU30/Wi-FiRemote Moni-toring Systemis a web-basedmonitoring

system that provides real-time, remoteaccess to energy and environmental dataover any Wi-Fi network. HOBOlink™is a new web-enabled software platformthat can be used to access current andhistorical data, set alarm notificationsand relay activations, and control thesystem from their computer. The HOBOU30/Wi-Fi provides around-the-clockmonitoring of various types of renew-able energy systems.

Web: www.hoskin.ca

Mini water level indicator

The little dipperis a small, backpack sized waterlevel indicatorused for measur-ing the depth ofwater in wells,

boreholes and standpipes. It will signalwater with a bright LED light and solidbuzzer tone, allowing the user to makewater level measurements accurate to1/100th ft or to each millimetre. It sig-nals when contact is made with water;the water shorts the probe tip and bodyto complete a circuit.Tel: 800-331-2032, Fax: 905-634-9657E-mail: [email protected]: www.heroninstruments.com

Level and temperature meter

The Conductiv-ity Plus Leveland TemperatureMeter enablesaccurate meas-urements of con-ductivity, waterlevel and tem-perature inwells, boreholes,

stand pipes and open bodies of water. Itcan be used to profile conductivity andtemperature to depths of 1,000ft (300m).

Tel: 800-331-2032, Fax: 905-634-9657E-mail: [email protected]: www.heroninstruments.com

Hoskin Scientific

Water reservoir & tank mixer

PAX Mixer is a very innovative, simplemixer designed to mix water storagereservoirs and standpipes. It offers supe-rior mixing performance with little en-ergy consumption, easy installation, lowcapital cost. It eliminates stagnation andstratification, minimizes residual loss,prevents nitrification.Tel: 905-660-9775, Fax: 905-660-9744E-mail: [email protected]: www.h2flow.com

Landia

Chopper pumpsLandia chopper pumps solve the toughestproblems when pump-ing difficult-to-handleliquids with high solidcontents. Chop and re-duce solids particlesize while pumpingwith our special knifesystem. Eliminateclogging problems andprevent costly break-downs. Landia chop-per pumps areoperating in: raw un-screened effluents,food industry effluents, paper mills, slur-ries and sludges, and much more.Tel: 604-552-7900, Fax: 604-552-7901E-mail: [email protected]

The SXBlueII-L GPS is acompact, real-time receiverthat deliverstrue sub-meterperformance

every second to your application. Itsintegrated lightweight design makes itthe ideal choice for a variety of industryapplications including GIS, forestry,mining, utilities, agriculture, surveyand environmental, at a price you canafford.Tel: 800-463-4363, Fax: 514-354-6948E-mail: [email protected]: www.geneq.com

Sub-meter mapping receiver

Heron Instruments

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Layfield Group Metcon Engineering Metcon Engineering

Pressure Systems Pressure Systems Primary Fluid Systems

Primary Fluid Systems SAF-T-FLO Chemical Injection

Pressure Systems has added a wireless-compatible model to its comprehensivewaterMONITOR line of KPSI™ Trans-ducers to be used for high accuracymeasurement of water resources in envi-ronments where the transducer is perma-nently installed and used with wirelesstransmitters to broadcast data. Tel: 800-328-3665, Fax: 757-865-8744E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.pressuresystems.com

Wireless-compatibletransducer

Pressure Systems' highly reliable, hydro-static and submersible 700, 705 and 750KPSI™ Transducer models are now builtand ready to ship in just two days, signif-icantly reducing facility downtime asso-ciated with a transducer’s failure.Tel: 800-328-3665, Fax: 757-865-8744E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.pressuresystems.com

Transducers ready in two days

ACCUDRAWcylinders areideal for the cali-bration of meter-ing pumps,batch systemsand for handlinghazardous chem-icals. Standardsizes from 100 -20,000 ml; vari-ety of endflanges and port

connections available; acrylic outershield; custom designs available.Tel: 800-776-6580, Fax: 905-333-8746E-mail: [email protected]: primaryfluid.com

Glass calibration cylinders

The 4000 ml ACCU-DRAW cylinder, of highclarity polypropylene,offers easy-to-read bluegraduations, large, non-drip pouring spout andremovable base for easystorage and washing.Chemical and high tem-perature resistant, thiscylinder meets all re-quirements of CFR 21(FDA) section 177.1520and ISO 6706 standards.

Tel: 800-776-6580, Fax: 905-333-8746E-mail: [email protected]: primaryfluid.com

Laboratory cylinder

SAF-T-FLO has what operators need forsafe and successful chemical injection.Our large inventory of high qualityequipment and ability to solve your sim-ple and complex problems means youget the right equipment for your specificneeds. Tel: 800-957-2383, Fax: 714-632-3350 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.saftflo.com

Municipal chemical injection

GeoFlexGeomembrane isa unique blend ofvirgin polymersand additives thathave been opti-mized to deliverflexibility, elong-

ation, cold temperature resistance, long-term UV stability, and advanced chemicalresistance. Layfield’s GeoFlex will con-sistently perform to the highest standardsavailable in the industry.

Tel: 800-840-2884, Fax: 780-455-5218E-mail: [email protected]: www.layfieldgroup.com

Geomembrane

Watson-MarlowBredel positive dis-placement pumpsare the perfectchoice for hardsludge handling ap-plications. With op-erating pressure to

232 psi and flow rates to 350 gpm, theysave time and money by successfullyhandling the toughest applications. SPXhose pumps are the perfect choice forcorrosives, abrasives, shear sensitive flu-ids, high viscosity fluids, high densityfluids, large solids, and stringy material.

Tel: 905-738-2355, Fax: 905-738-5520E-mail: [email protected]: www.metconeng.com

Sludge pumps

The Gas Feedersystem is com-prised of a massflowmeter spe-cially designed tooffer high accu-racy control andmeasurement of

gas. This unit has an integral valvewhich accepts a remote set point forflow control. A flow indicator providesindication of flow and has a needlevalve for manual control. A two stageregulator provides a constant pressureregardless of inlet pressure fluctuations. Tel: 905-738-2355, Fax: 905-738-5520E-mail: [email protected]: www.metconeng.com

Mass flowmeter

Rocky Mountain Soil Sampling

Site investigations

RMSS specializes in difficult access siteinvestigations. Our equipment is easilybroken down into helicopter, ATV andman portable packages so you can getyour job done without huge mobilizationcosts. Soil sampling, monitoring wells,geo-technical testing, we go anywhere.Tel: 604-947-RMSS (7677)Fax: 604-947-9500 Web: www.rmsoil.com

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:17 PM


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Solinst Canada

Sustainable DevelopmentTechnology Canada

Sapphire Group

Filter cartridges

Absolute ratedPOLY-PLEATcartridges meetor exceed thethree-log (99.9%)removal require-ments describedin National Sani-tation Foundation

Standard 53 for cyst-sized particles. Forthis reason, POLY-PLEAT filter car-tridges are ideal to control cryp-tosporidium, giardia cysts and otherharmful microorganisms to help ensurecyst-free drinking water.Tel: 800-565-5278, Fax: 905-820-4015E-mail: [email protected]: www.service-filtration.com

BTP plants

Sapphire is the exclusive representativefor the Resetilov Biological TreatmentProcess wastewater package plants inCanada. These BTP plants are ex-tremely popular in Europe and can han-dle high flow volumes within a verysmall footprint. These plants produceexceptional effluent quality, are inex-pensive and easy to operate.Tel: 403-537-8470, Fax: 403-537-8479E-mail: [email protected]: www.sapphire-group.ca

Sanitherm, a di-vision of PeakEnergy Services,has perfectedcontainerizingtheir SaniBrane®MBR. ThecontainerizedSaniBrane isportable, provides

excellent effluent on start-up, is operatorfriendly and comes pre-wired, pre-plumbed and tested. The system for any-where needing reliable waste treatmentwith a small footprint!Tel: 604-986-9168, Fax: 604-986-5377E-mail: [email protected]: www.sanitherm.com

Membrane bioreactor

Sanitherm, a division ofPeak Energy Services

The in-house devel-opment of SEW-Eurodrive’s new X-Series heavy indus-trial gear units isnearly unrivaledwith its fine size

graduation that covers the medium tor-que range from 43,000 to 129,000 ft-lb.The large number of pre-defined acces-sories offers a high degree of flexibilityfor adapting to a broad range of applica-tion situations, with a minimum of com-ponents at maximum utility.

Tel: 905-791-1553, Fax: 905-791-2999E-mail: [email protected]: www.sew-eurodrive.ca

SEW-Eurodrive

Heavy industrial gear units

Smith & Loveless

Grit chamber

The Smith & LovelessPISTA® Grit Chambermaintains the highestproven grit removal effi-ciencies over a widerange of daily flows be-cause of its exclusive

forced vortex design. It removes grit andother discrete particles, separates organ-ics and inorganics, and reduces grit ac-cumulation in downstream basins,channels, weirs and piping. This resultsin reduced wear on mechanical equip-ment. Complete grit pumping, dewater-ing and washing components areavailable.Tel: 913-888-5201, Fax: 913-888-2173E-mail: [email protected]: www.smithandloveless.com

Levelogger Junior

The new LTCLeveloggerJunior providesthe low costconvenience ofthree measure-ment parame-ters in oneprobe. It com-

bines a datalogger, memory for 16,000sets of readings, 5-year battery, pressuretransducer, and temperature and conduc-tivity sensors, in a small waterproofhousing.Tel: 905-873-2255, 800-661-2023Fax: 905-873-1992, 800-516-9081E-mail: [email protected]: www.solinst.com

Cleantech funding available

If you have aninnovativeclean technol-ogy, Sustain-able Develo-

pment Technology Canada (SDTC)wants to hear from you. The SD TechFund™ is open for Statements of Inter-est from February 25 to April 22, 2009.SDTC supports the development anddemonstration of clean technologies byCanadian companies. Visit the fundingsection of our website for more informa-tion on how to apply.Tel.: (613) 234-6313E-mail: [email protected]: www.sdtc.ca

Waterra PumpsWaterloo Barrier

Waterloo Barrier is alow permeability cutoffwall for groundwatercontainment and con-trol. It is a new design ofsteel sheet piling, featur-ing joints that can besealed after the sheets

have been driven into the ground, andwas developed by researchers at the Uni-versity of Waterloo. It has patent/patentpending status in several countries.Canadian Metal Rolling Mills assisted indeveloping the product.Tel: 519-856-1352, Fax: 519-856-0759E-mail: [email protected]: www. waterloo-barrier.com

Controlling contaminatedgroundwater

Waterra'sClear PVCEcoBailersare avail-able in threesizes, 0.5"OD, 0.7"OD and1.5" OD x36" in length. These are high qualitydisposable bailers for quality samplingresults.

Tel: 905-238-5242, Fax: 905-238-5704E-mail: [email protected]: www.waterra.com

Disposable bailers

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:18 PM



Official Show Guide For:The 17th Annual

Conference & TradeshowApril 20 - 21, 2009

CCAANNEECCTT2009Metro Toronto Convention Centre - South Building

Scheduled Session TopicsEnvironmental regulation and compliance Managing approvals and permitsProactive air emissions complianceReducing carbon costsEnvironmental management standards and guidelinesManaging inspectors and investigatorsIndustrial waste and waste diversionWater and wastewater complianceBrownfields - the new rulesSpills management and compliance

Co-organized by Environmental Science & Engi-neering Magazine, CANECT is the largest event ofits kind in Canada, typically attracting some 2,000tradeshow visitors and conference delegates. Con-

ference delegates and tradeshow visitors are a high qualityaudience of senior people responsible for environmentalengineering, regulations and compliance issues.

CANECT 2009 will again be co-located in the same hallwith Health & Safety Canada, an annual tradeshow of theIndustrial Accident Prevention Association (IAPA). Thisannual show attracts over 6,000 delegates, including thosewith EH&S and senior management responsibilities. (Visitwww.iapa.ca for details)

Combined, CANECT and Health & Safety Canada areexpected to attract some 475 exhibiting companies and 8,000tradeshow visitors. Tradeshow badges from either show willallow admission to both shows at no extra charge. To registerfor free tradeshow registration, please visit www.canect.net, orfill out and fax in the free pass that came with this copy ofES&E magazine.

If you would like to receive a printed CANECT conference program, please contact Darlann Passfield, Tel: 905-727-4666 (Ext 30), or Toll Free: 1-888-254-8769,Email: [email protected]. Conference details are also available at www.canect.net

w w w . C A N E C T. n e t

March092:Mar09 3/26/09 7:04 PM


A1 Environmental Regulation andCompliance, 2009

CANECT’s essential annual introductoryand update course - presented inassociation with leading environmentallawyers from Bennett Jones LLP - hasestablished its reputation as Canadianindustries’ chosen source for cutting-edgeenvironmental regulation, complianceand due diligence training.

B1 Proactive Air Emissions Management

This course, presented by RWDIAIR Inc. and Willms & Shier EnvironmentalLawyers LLP, delivers Canada’s most upto-date guide to complying with tough,new provincial and federal air emissionsrules, and provides practical insights toavoid everyday complaints related to noise,odour and dust (NOD).

C1 Standards and guidelines for duediligence and environmental protection

A new CANECT course offered by CEAsfrom Jacques Whitford illustrates howmanagers can use recognizedEnvironmental Standards to improve anorganization’s environmental performanceand secure environmental due diligence.

D1 Dealing with industrial Solid Waste& Waste Diversion

An essential annual update on currentissues in waste management and anindustry guide to meeting the newregulatory and practical challenges of wastemanifesting, waste diversion and productstewardship.

E1 Industrial Brownfields:Working with the new rules

This course provides registrants with apractical and proven introduction and updateon complying with the new brownfieldsregulations; Records of Site Condition andthe site assessment process, remediationand development-related issues.

Program: Day 1:Bonus: All CANECT registrants can attend aFREE 8 a.m. keynote address given by Dr. JillBolte Taylor, neuroanatomist and author of “MyStroke of Insight.”Dr. Bolte Taylor has recentlybeen named one of Time Magazine’s 100 MostInfluential People. Her book is currently on theNY Times Bestseller list.

CANECTWWoorrkksshhooppssDay 1 - April 20

A2 A2 Successful strategies for dealing

with Approvals and Permits

Understanding the permitting andCertificate of Approvals process is key tosuccessful environmental management.In this course experienced professionalsand MOE approvals branch staff provideproven strategies to obtain and maintainthe approvals necessary to balancecommunity and commercial needs.

B2 Reducing GHGs and cutting carbon costs

Reducing GHG emissions is no longer justa matter of compliance, but of communityresponsibility. Attend this course to get togrips with practical steps you can take toreduce your organization’s carbonfootprint. Get in touch with the drivers, theregulations and management tools that willhelp convert carbon reduction obligationsinto cost reduction opportunities.

C2 Regulatory enforcement: Dealing with

inspectors, investigators & prosecutors

Almost any leak, spill or approvals violationcan trigger an MOE IEB investigation.Where it goes from there depends verymuch on how well prepared you are. Thisproven course gives insight into proactivestrategies to minimize negative outcomesfor individuals and organizations.

D2 Industrial water and wastewater

regulation & compliance

This course provides municipalities, MISA regulated industries and others with proven compliance strategies to deal withregulations and approvals covering water,water-taking, source water protection,Bill 133 amendments to OWRA, andproposed new model sewer-use bylaws.

E2 Spills and Emergency Response

Management and Compliance

New Spill Reporting, Contingency Planningand Environmental Penalties regulations arenow in force - along with a new zerotolerance approach to spills. Learn aboutyour compliance responsibilities under theseregulations and how to pro-activelymanage your organization’s spillcontingency planning and response.

Program: Day 2: Bonus: All CANECT registrants can attend aFREE 8 a.m. presentation by keynote speaker TimFlannery, scientist and author of “The WeatherMakers” an international best-seller on the globalwarming challenge which David Suzuki has called“One of the most important books of the century”

Day 2 - April 21

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CANECT Exhibits ... Manufacturers, distributors, suppliers and companies from the following areas:

CCAANNEECCTT CCAAFFÉÉ

IINNNN

CCAANNEECCTT TRADESHOW ENTRANCE

• Air pollution control • Analytical laboratory • Confined space entry• Consulting engineering

• Containment • Decontamination systems • Emergency response • Environmental auditing

• Filters • Groundwater treatment • Hazardous waste treatment• Health & safety

• Instrumentation & control • Legal services • Liners/geotextiles • Noise & vibration control

FFLLOOOO

RR PPLL

AANN

March092:Mar09 3/26/09 7:05 PM

NNOVATION ZONE

Stillmoreboothsthis way

Last year the combined showstotalled more than750 booths!

Act now to makesure yourcompany, productor service is represented atCANECT in 2009!Reserve yourbooth spacetoday!

HoursApril 20

- 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

April 21- 8:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.TT ‘‘0099

• Oil & water separation • Pumps, pipes, valves, fittings • Protection/safety equipment • Recycling

• Residuals dewatering, disposal & handling equipment

• Site & soil remediation

• Software systems • Spill control & containment • Stormwater control • Tanks & storage

• Transportation services • Water treatment • Wastewater treatment • Waste disposal

Tradeshow PreviewPlease visit the CANECT 2009 VIRTUAL TRADESHOWat www.canect.net!Get a head start on your tradeshow visit by touring the "virtual

booths" from participating exhibitors! In here, you will find company

descriptions, product showcases with photos, audio and video files,

"show special" coupons, and much, much more...

Check back often, as new exhibitors are added every day!

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:20 PM

Please see our ad in this issue of ES&E



Canadian Environmental Conference & Tradeshow

LLiisstt ooff EExxhhiibbiittoorrss aass ooff MMaarrcchh 1177,, 22000099




ACG Technology Ltd. #2004Woodbridge, ON 905-856-1414 Fx: 905-856-6401E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.acgtechnology.com Contact: Greg JacksonProducts/Services to be displayed: Water, wastewater and stormwater treatment equipment.

Adventus Group #2110Mississauga, ON905-273-5374 Fx: 905-273-4367E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.adventusgroup.comContact: Julie PauleProducts/Services to be displayed: Daramend®, EHC®,EHC-O®, Aquablok+™, Remox® EC

AET Group Inc. #1809Waterloo, ON519-576-9723 Fx: 519-570-9589E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.aet-group.com Contact: Scott FreiburgerProducts/Services to be displayed: With over 35 years ofexperience, AET Group is a multi-disciplinary environmen-tal consulting company that provides expertise in waste,ecology, building sciences, energy and environmentalmanagement.

AGAT Laboratories #2016Toronto, ON905-712-5074 Fx: 905-712-5122E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.agatlabs.comContact: Camilla SwagerProducts/Services to be displayed: AGAT is a full serviceaccredited laboratory, locations nation-wide, with diversetesting capabilities providing client focused “service beyond analysis”.

Air & Waste Management Association #2005Pittsburgh, PA412-904-6012 Fx: 412-232-3450E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.awma.orgContact: Malissa GoodmanProducts/Services to be displayed: A&WMA is a non-profit professional organization that provides training, information, and networking to more that 8,000 environ-mental professionals in 65 countries.

Air Phaser Environmental Ltd. #1925Surrey, BC604-532-5856 Fx: 604-533-5607E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.airphaser.comContact: Warren Zahar

Albarrie #2011Barrie, ON705-737-0551 Fx: 705-737-4044E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.albarrie.com Contact: Linda McFaddenProducts/Services to be displayed: Filtration products,baghouse accessories, filter bag cleaning, troubleshoot-ing, maintenance, SorbWeb™ Plus Secondary Spill Con-tainment Systems offers environmental risk management.

ALS Laboratory Group #1935 Waterloo, ON519-886-6910 Fx: 519-886-9047E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.alsglobal.comContact: Darlene Hoogenes-StastnyProducts/Services to be displayed: Laboratory analyticalservices.

Aqua Terre Solutions Inc. #1831Toronto, ON416-635-5882 Fx: 416-635-5353E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.aquaterre.ca Contact: Thom KewenProducts/Services to be displayed: Environmental assessment and remediation, risk management, air qualityservices, asbestos and designated substance surveys andabatement, regulatory compliance and permitting.

Avensys Inc. #2017Toronto, ON416-499-4421 Fx: 416-499-0816E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.avensys.comContact: Peter SetoProducts/Services to be displayed: Leading Canadian distributor of instrumentation and integrated solutions forthe monitoring of industrial processes and environmentalsurveillance applications for air, water and soil in the Canadian marketplace.

BakerCorp #1912Hamilton, ON905-545-4555 Fx: 905-545-9388E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.bakercorp.com Contact: Kevin BaileyProducts/Services to be displayed: BakerCorp is the industryleader in containment, pump, filtration and shoring equip-ment rental solutions. With over 90 locations nationwide andinternational operations in Europe, Canada and Mexico.

Bishop Water Technologies #2035Eganville, ON613-628-5266 Fx: 613-628-5978

March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:51 PM



CCAANNEECCTT EExxhhiibbiittoorrss


E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.bishopaquatic.comContact: Kevin BossyProducts/Services to be displayed: Passive dewateringsolutions and project implementation using Geotube® dewatering technology.

Caduceon Environmental Laboratories #2111Kingston, ON613-544-2001 Fx: 613-544-2770E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.caduceonlabs.comContact: Damien GilbertProducts/Services to be displayed: Full service environ-mental laboratories providing organic, inorganic, micro andmould analysis. Regular and rush analysis available. Clientcommitted quality assured.

Canadian Water Treatment #1913Toronto, ON416-444-5842 Fx: 416-444-1176E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.watertreatment.caContact: Lee ScarlettProducts/Services to be displayed: Canadian Water Treat-ment and its sister publication ReNew Canada (ReNew-Canada.net) will be handing out copies of their qualitybusiness magazines. Both are properties of Actual Media(actualmedia.ca)

Can-Am Instruments #1904Oakville, ON905-829-0030 Fx: 905-829-4701E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.can-am.netContact: Mark ReevesProducts/Services to be displayed: Samplers & flow meters, oil/water separators, oil/water monitors.

Century Group Inc. #1928Sulphur, Louisiana800-527-5232 Fx: 800-887-2153E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.centurygrp.comContact: Rob GreensideProducts/Services to be displayed: Century Group Inc.manufactures railroad spill containment systems for use atrailroad tank car loading/unloading racks, locomotive fuel-ing stations and railcar wash facilities.

Claessen Pumps Limited #1804Innisfil, ON 705-431-8585 Fx: 705-431-2772E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.claessenpumps.com Contact: Paul Brierton/Gord DeBruinProducts/Services to be displayed: Grindex electric submersible pumps, Power Prime pumps.

ChemiGreen Inc. #2105Toronto, ON416-273-8327 Fx: 416-987-5564E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.chemigreen.com Contact: Shachar ParranProducts/Services to be displayed: ChemiGreen developsrevolutionary solutions to environmental hurdles. Chemi-

Green’s WI-Plug system provides a solution for industrialchemical spill containment. It prevents the spill from entering the drainage system.

ClearTech #2123Mississauga, ON905-612-0566 Fx: 905-612-0575E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.cleartech.caContact: Mike O’BrienProducts/Services to be displayed: Distributor of chemi-cals, instrumentation and equipment for the treatment ofwater and wastewater. Distributor of blowers and vacuums.

Clemmer Steelcraft Technologies, Inc. #1826Waterloo, ON519-271-4751 Fx: 519-271-1092E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.clemmersteelcraft.com Contact: Chris WyattProducts/Services to be displayed: Liquid storage tankwith vacuum monitoring device, pressure vessels, heat exchangers, dry storage silos, mixers, dispersers.

Cover-All Building Systems of Ontario #2135Lucknow, ON800-268-2768 Fx: 519-528-2890E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.coverall.netContact: Kelly ThomsonProducts/Services to be displayed: Cover-All Building Systems is the leading manufacturer of steel-framed membrane buildings. Pre-engineered Cover-All® buildingsare available in clear-span widths up to 300 feet.

Direct Separation Solutions #1915Toronto, ON647-343-6595 Fx: 647-345-6543E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.directseparation.ca Contact: Brent CotterProducts/Services to be displayed: Oil skimmers forgroundwater remediation. Dust collection equipment anddry material handling valves.

Drain-All Ltd. #2007Ottawa, ON613-733-1070 Fx: 613-741-3153E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.drainall.comContact: Stephen HuzaProducts/Services to be displayed: Environmental Serv-ices: liquid/solid hazardous waste removal/disposal; emer-gency spill response; confined space entry. Industrialwet/dry vacuuming, excavation, high pressure blasting.

ECO Canada #2025Calgary, AB403-476-1960 Fx: 403-269-9544E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.eco.caContact: Elizabeth WatterworthProducts/Services to be displayed: ECO Canada was es-tablished in 1992 as part of Canada’s sector council initia-tive. It provides services for participants of Canada’senvironment sector including employers, practitioners, ed-ucators and students.

March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:51 PM


CCAANNEECCTT EExxhhiibbiittoorrssE.M.R.P. Inc. #2108Brantford, ON519-751-3504 Fx: 519-751-3443E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.emrp.caContact: John TheurerProducts/Services to be displayed: Water treatment.Ground, process, produced and wastewater. Supplies car-bon, organo clay, pressure vessels, treatment skids. Hy-drocyclones and consumables.

Environment Canada (Toronto office) #1813Toronto, ON416-739-4826 or 1-800-668-6767 Fx: 416-739-4776E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.ec.gc.caProducts/Services to be displayed: Government promo-tional material.

Environmental Science #1924& Engineering MagazineAurora, ON 905-727-4666 Fx: 905-841-7271E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.esemag.com Products/Services to be displayed: Environmental Science & Engineering Magazine.

Filter Innovations Inc. #2130Toronto, ON416-490-7848 Fx: 416-490-0974E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.filterinnovations.com Contact: John DragasevichProducts/Services to be displayed: Water filtration prod-ucts. Pump and treat groundwater treatment, oil/waterseparation, wastewater treatment. Activated carbon, bagfilters, membranes, automatic backflushing filters.

FLIR Systems #1833Burlington, ON905-637-5696 Fx: 905-639-5488E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.flir.caContact: Shannon Gauvin

Golder Associates Ltd. #1911Mississauga, ON 905-567-4444 Fx: 905-567-6561E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.golder.comContact: Roxana BahramiProducts/Services to be displayed: At Golder Associateswe strive to be the most respected global group specializ-ing in ground engineering and environmental services.

Greenspoon Specialty Contracting #2014Brampton, ON905-458-1005 Fx: 905-458-4149E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.greenspoon.netContact: Alan CaseyProducts/Services to be displayed: Greenspoon SpecialtyContracting is recognized today as one of Canada’s premierdemolition and environmental contractors. GSC profes-sional services include: demolition/decommissioning, haz-ardous materials abatement and environmental remediation.



H2Flow Equipment Inc. #1906Concord, ON905-660-9775 Fx: 905-660-9744E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.h2flow.comContact: Michael AlbaneseProducts/Services to be displayed: Industrial wastewatertreatment equipment: screens, strainers, DAFs, clarifiers,biological treatment, sludge presses, centrifuges, filters,UV, oil/water separators, conveyors, odour control.

HazMat Management Magazine/Ecolog Group #2107Toronto, ON416-442-5600 Fx: 416-510-5133E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.hazmatmag.comContact: Brad O’BrienProducts/Services to be displayed: Hazmat Management& Solid Waste and Recycling magazines, ERIS (Environ-mental Risk Information Service), and EcoLog LegislativeDatabases are Canada’s source for environmental andhealth & safety news, legislation and risk information.

Hybridyne Power Systems Group of Companies #1817Newmarket, ON866-230-3918 Fx: 866-230-3918E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.hybridynepower.ca Contact: Richard LevertonProducts/Services to be displayed: The Hybridyne Groupfocus on Hybrid (wind & solar) renewable energy systemsfor industrial/commercial applications to multi mega-wattutility scale grid connected ‘Energy Parks’ using propri-etary and patented Hybridyne Power Electronics technology.

Imperial Coffee & Services #1903Toronto, ON416-638-7404 Fx: 416-638-7947Web site: www.imperialcoffee.com Contact: Evan GlazerProducts/Services to be displayed: Ontario’s leader in office coffee and drinking water.

Indicium Compliance Solutions #1829St. Catharines, ON877-751-4029 Fx: 877-938-8978E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.indiciumcs.comContact: Ryan HolierhoekProducts/Services to be displayed: Diverse regulatory andcompliance training programs, comprehensive audits andassessments. Cutting edge IT development and innovativedangerous goods packaging solutions.

IPEX #1907Mississauga, ON800-463-9572 Fx: 905-403-1124E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.ipexinc.comContact: Jennifer TuckProducts/Services to be displayed: IPEX features Envi-rostream™ Stormwater Treatment Systems, an efficientand compact insert designed to filter stormwater at thesource.

March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:51 PM


CCAANNEECCTT EExxhhiibbiittoorrssLakes Environmental Software #2103Waterloo, ON519-746-5995 Fax: 519-746-0793E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.weblakes.comContact: Julie SwatsonProducts/Services to be displayed: Lakes Environmentalsupplies easy-to-use and sophisticated air dispersionmodeling, emissions inventory and risk assessment soft-ware to industries, government agencies and academia.

Lambert Peat Moss Inc. #2028 Riviere-Ouelle, QC418-852-2885 Fx: 418-852-3352 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.lambertpeatmoss.com Contact: Jack Scholtens & Helene ChenardProducts/Services to be displayed: Peat moss.

Layfield Group #1917Vaughan, ON905-761-9123 Fx: 905-761-0035E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.layfieldgroup.com Contact: Chris RamuscakProducts/Services to be displayed: Leading edge geosyn-thetic technologies and environmental solutions providerwith over 30 years experience.

Magnus Chemicals Ltd. #2012Whitby, ON905-434-5571 Fx: 905-434-7252E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.magnus.ca Contact: Jim GoldsbroughProducts/Services to be displayed: Smart Sponge is apolymer technology that is chemically selective to hydro-carbons. It fully encapsulates recovered oil and prevents itfrom leaching.

Medteq Solutions #2023Guelph, ON519-822-0118 Fx: 519-822-5080E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.medteqsolutions.ca Contact: Nikki DeVeerProducts/Services to be displayed: Environmental onlinecontinuing education and general safety courses completewith extensive web based due diligence reporting andtracking systems.

OHE Consultants #1828Mississauga, ON905-278-7000 Fx: 905-278-0090E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.oheconsultants.comContact: Kelly SheaProducts/Services to be displayed: OHE provides consulting engineering services specializing in occupa-tional & environmental hygiene, environmental assess-ments & remediation, asbestos and building hazardousmaterials management & control and indoor air quality investigations.

Ontario Environment Industry Association #1927Toronto, ON416-531-7884




E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.oneia.ca Contact: Alex GillProducts/Services to be displayed: ONEIA is the businessassociation representing the interests of the environmentindustry in Ontario with a membership of over 200 companies.

Osprey Scientific Inc. #1814Mississauga, ON905-820-3122 Fx: 905-820-9667E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.enviromeasure.com Contact: David PauseProducts/Services to be displayed: Monitoring and sam-pling solutions, soil and groundwater sampling devices, in-organic and organic test kits, water monitoring instrumentsand toxicity analysis.

Pack-A-Cone c/o Mindspace Inc. #1918Markham, ON 905-284-1000 Fx: 905-284-1082E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.packacone.com Contact: Cory TseProducts/Services to be displayed: Pack-A-Cone is theoriginal collapsible pylon! Available in a range of sizes andthey all collapse down to just 2” (5cm)!

Pollutech Group of Companies Inc. #2013Sarnia/Oakville, ON519-339-8787 Fx: 519-336-6965E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.pollutechgroup.comContact: Tim Moran or Greg BrownProducts/Services to be displayed: Wholly Canadianowned, providing independent environmental consultingand toxicity testing services, nationally and internationallyfrom facilities in Sarnia and Oakville.

Pollution Equipment News/Rimbach Publishing #2113Pittsburgh, PA 412-364-5366 Fx: 412-369-9720E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.rimbach.com Contact: Karen GalanteProducts/Services to be displayed: Publications: PollutionEquipment News & Industrial Hygiene News.

Polystar Inc. #1905Twinsburg, OH330-963-5100E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.polystarcontainment.com Contact: Rob NightwineProducts/Services to be displayed: Secondary contain-ment products for hazardous material transportation bytruck or rail.

Pottinger Gaherty Environmental Consultants #1815Vancouver, BC888-888-1395E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.pggroup.com Products/Services to be displayed: Practical managementmethods for contaminated sites, air quality and land devel-opment environmental issues.

March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:51 PM


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Solinst Canada Ltd. #2008Georgetown, ON905-873-2255 Fx: 905-873-1992E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.solinst.comContact: Jason RedwoodProducts/Services to be displayed: Solinst Canada Ltd.manufactures high quality groundwater and surface watermonitoring instrumentation including leveloggers, teleme-try, water level meters and multilevel systems.

Spill Management Inc. #2104Stoney Creek, ON905-578-9666 Fx: 905-578-6644E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.spillmanagement.ca Contact: Ruth HollandProducts/Services to be displayed: Response training forchemical spills using hands on workshops and classroominstruction, testing emergency plans, assess spills equip-ment and supplies.

St. Lawrence County Industrial #1807Development AgencyCanton, NY315-379-9806 Fx: 315-386-2573E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.slcida.comContact: Brian NortonProducts/Services to be displayed: St. Lawrence County –The U.S. market starts here! Your best location for an ex-pansion within the U.S. marketplace.

StormTrap #1827Morris, IL877-867-6872 Fx: 815-416-1100E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.stormtrap.comContact: Dean GrossProducts/Services to be displayed: StormTrap providesprecast stormwater management solutions for specificneeds ranging from detention and retention applications towater quality, reuse or harvesting uses.

Team Hazco Environmental Services #2306-2309Hamilton, ON905-383-5550 Fx: 905-574-0492E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.teamhazco.comContact: Peter KuiackProducts/Services to be displayed: 24/7 emergency re-sponse, training, confined space standby rescue, productsales, waste services, site remediation, environmentaltechnologies, demolition/decommissioning, environmentalconstruction.

Power Plant Supply Company #2117Scarborough, ON416-752-3339 Fx: 416-752-7637E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.powerplantsupplyco.comContact: Stephen RiesberryProducts/Services to be displayed: Magnadrive energysaving permanent magnetic couplings. Powerblanketheating blankets for thawing, curing concrete, drumheaters & propane tank heaters. Rhino Marking and Pro-tection systems, signs & post markers.

Quantum Murray LP #1816Stoney Creek, ON905-388-4444 Fx: 905-643-3106E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.echelonresponse.comContact: Mark JasperProducts/Services to be displayed: Training, emergency spillresponse, confined space rescue, regulatory consulting,demolition, remediation, waste management, abatement.

Rain for Rent #1812New York800-742-7246 Fx: 585-226-8285E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.rainforrent.com Contact: Dan PalmeriProducts/Services to be displayed: Pumps, pipes, tanks,filtration systems.

Rice Earth Sciences #2003Vaughan, ON905-760-0170 Fx: 905-760-0171E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.riceeng.com Contact: Mike KleespiesProducts/Services to be displayed: Rice provides a com-plete line of environmental supplies and rentals to servicethe needs of groundwater contractors, consultants, indus-try, and government.

RWDI Air Inc. #1923Guelph, ON 519-823-1311 Fx: 519-823-1316E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.rwdiair.com Contact: Elaine FarrowProducts/Services to be displayed: Air quality, noise & vi-bration, hazard and risk environmental consulting services.

SiREM #2112Guelph, ON519-822-2265 Fx: 519-822-3151E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.siremlab.com Contact: Phil DennisProducts/Services to be displayed: Gene-Trac® testing toquantify dechlorinating microbes. Treatability studies, toassess remedial options. KB-1® for bioaugmentation ofPCE/TCE sites.

Sonic Soil Sampling Inc. #1908Concord, ON905-660-0501 Fx: 905-660-7143E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.sonicsoil.com

March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:51 PM


CCAANNEECCTT EExxhhiibbiittoorrssThermo-Kinetics Company Ltd. #1803Mississauga, ON800-268-0967 Fx: 905-670-8530E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.thermo-kinetics.com Contact: Jeff LockhartProducts/Services to be displayed:Temperature, level, flow, pressure, ana-lytical instrumentation, processrecorders and controllers, wirelesstransmitters, pressure and temperaturegauges, gas detectors.

Transformer Protector Corporation #1808Humble, TX281-358-9900 Fx: 281-358-1911E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Web site: www.transproco.comContact: Rick Lee, Jerry BasoreProducts/Services to be displayed: TheTransformer Protector can be installedon existing or new transformers and isthe only product on the market thatcan prevent explosions from happen-ing when a short circuit occurs insideyour transformer.

TS Environmental Services #1824Mississauga, ON905-238-0362 Fx: 905-238-0361E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.tsenvironmental.comContact: Tony SamsonProducts/Services to be displayed: As-bestos management, PCB manage-ment & disposal, hazardous wastedisposal, indoor air quality, health &safety services.

X-Treme Energy Group Inc. #1936Innisfail, AB403-227-8120 Fx: 403-227-4073E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.protecstorage.ca Contact: Tony SmethurstProducts/Services to be displayed: ULCand FM approved hazardous materialsstorage facilities, emergency showers,bulk & cylinder storage buildings.

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SAVE THE DATE2ndAnnual

Ontario Water Works Equipment Association - Water for People Canada

Charity Golf TournamentHeld in conjunction with the

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Wednesday May 6th, 2009Royal Woodbine Golf Club, Toronto, Ontario

For more information and registration package please visitwww.owwea.ca

7:30 am • Registration & Breakfast9:00 am • Shot Gun Start • BBQ Lunch to follow

Golf & Lunch • $175 Includes:Green fees, golf cart, driving range & practice greens, continental breakfast, BBQ lunch, one complimentary gift. Best ball format

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Enjoy a wonderful day of golf and support a very worthwhile

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March092:Mar09 3/26/09 6:09 PM


NEWSSmith & Loveless appoint

Frank J. Rebori aspresident

S&L Chairman RobertL. Rebori recently an-nounced the promo-tion of Frank J. Reborias the new president ofSmith & Loveless Inc.

As well as serving as vice president,Frank Rebori had served as a member ofthe Board of Directors of RLR, Inc.,Smith & Loveless, Inc., Bio-Microbics,and Kalsep UK, Limited. He was alsothe Corporate Legal Council of RLR Inc.Prior to joining Smith & Loveless, Inc.in October 1999, he was an attorney withtwo law firms in Kansas City, Mo.

$110M in new water andwastewater projectsannounced for BC

The Federal and BC governments re-cently announced an investment of over$110 million for 41 infrastructure proj-ects to help smaller communitiesthroughout British Columbia meet theirpressing infrastructure needs, help stim-ulate the economy and support continuedeconomic growth.

Under the Building Canada Fund, theCity of Kamloops will receive $14.2 mil-lion to upgrade and update its existingwastewater treatment plant to providetertiary treatment and nutrient manage-ment. The project, valued at $21.3 mil-lion, benefits the 85,000 people servedby the treatment plant, as well as resi-dents of surrounding rural areas who relyon the plant for their sewage disposal.The upgrades will reduce greenhousegas emissions through methane capture,allow for the reuse of reclaimed waste-water effluent and composted sludge,and increase effluent quality for the pro-tection of the Thompson River.

Also, under a Building Canada Fundgrant, the Town of Creston’s sewagetreatment plant will undergo a $3.14 mil-lion upgrade. The existing treatmentplant, which is over 30 years old, servesalmost the entire population of 5,000,and its major employers. However, it hasreached its capacity, and is unable tomeet future growth demands.

In addition to conserving energy, im-plementing integrated resource manage-ment technologies and conserving water,the new treatment plant will improve thelevel of wastewater treatment and protectthe Kootenay River.

Another $6 million Building CanadaFund grant will mean that close to 1,000West Kelowna households will be con-nected to municipal sewer services. Thismulti-phase project includes extending amunicipal sewer to approximately 960households in West Kelowna, which hastaken over sewer services from the Re-gional District of Central Okanagan. Ex-isting on-site septic systems are reachingthe end of their useful lives, and un-treated effluent is likely impacting drink-ing water and sensitive spawning areas.

AWWA honored withCINE Award

The American Water Works Associationhas been selected to receive the presti-gious CINE Award for the DVD "WaterReuse for a Sustainable Future."

This DVD is designed for waterproviders who want to inform communi-ties, water boards, mayors, governors, etc.

on the positive potential of reuse for cre-ating a more sustainable water supply.The program explores the many applica-tions and benefits of water reuse for bothpotable and non-potable usage. The videoexplains how reuse mimics the nature'shydrologic cycle, along with treatmentcost savings, and the environmental ben-efits of water reuse. Current successfulwater reuse programs in California, Texasand Florida are highlighted.

The CINE is an International Awardthat recognizes distinguished excellenceand the highest production standards forfilm and video. Since the award’s found-ing in 1957, recognizable winners includeSteven Spielberg, George Lucas, CharlesGuggenheim, and documentarians, Stan-ley Nelson and Ken Burns.

Associated Engineeringselected as one of

Canada’s 50 Best ManagedCompanies

Canadian consulting engineering firm,Associated Engineering has been se-lected as one of Canada’s 50 Best Man-aged Companies. In selectingAssociatedEngineering for this award, sponsors of

Black & Veatch, a global engineering, consulting and construction company,provided design and construction supervision services for a recently completedSouth East Water pipeline project in mid-Sussex, in the south of England.

Among the challenges facing project engineers was the presence of unexplodedordnance in an area used for military training during World War I and II. Duringthe Preliminary EnvironmentalAssessment, it was noted the water main would belaid in the military training areas. A number of wartime shells were found alongthe pipeline route and safely removed so the vital pipeline could be built.

Project unearths wartime shells during construction

Some of the wartime shellsunearthed during construction.

The pipeline route was an area used for militarytraining during the First andSecond World Wars.

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:21 PM


NEWSthe Canada’s 50 Best Managed program,Deloitte, CIBC Commercial Banking,National Post, and Queen’s School ofBusiness, recognized the company’s highlevel of business performance, sustainedgrowth and innovation.

Since its beginnings in the 1940s, As-sociated Engineering has been an em-ployee-owned company; today about 25%of its staff share in the ownership of thefirm. In the past five years, the companyhas more than doubled in size to over 650staff in 14 offices across Canada.

The award also recognizes the com-pany’s commitment to their staff throughtraining, development, wellness, as wellas their community giving program. In2008, contributions to their communitiesand development totalled over $400,000.

The company also has a strong com-mitment to the environment, and, as partof their Carbon Neutral Program, has im-plemented initiatives towards becomingcarbon neutral.

PEI sets up onlinecontaminated site registry

Realtors, property assessors and poten-tial buyers can now get informationabout contaminated properties on PrinceEdward Island through an online registrylaunched by the Department of Environ-ment, Energy and Forestry.

Users of the registry will be able tosearch for a particular property accord-ing to its parcel identification number(PID). If a property is included on theregistry, information available on thewebsite will include the date of registra-tion and the boundaries of the areaswithin the property that are consideredto be contaminated.

A property may be listed as contami-nated if:• Analysis of soil and groundwateron the property indicates it iscontaminated in excess ofacceptable clean-up criteria.

• Environmental or human healthrisk management measures havebeen implemented for the property.

• There is a known site wherecontamination exists, such asproperties formerly used as solidwaste landfills.

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March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:21 PM


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Ontario bans over 250pesticides for cosmetic use

Ontario’s new cosmetic pesticides ban,which takes effect April 22, 2009, onlyallows the use of certain lower-risk pes-ticides for controlling weeds and pests inlawns and gardens.

The ban prohibits the sale and use ofpesticides for cosmetic purposes onlawns, gardens, parks and school yards,and includes many herbicides, fungicidesand insecticides. Over 250 products willbe banned for sale, and more than 80pesticide ingredients will be banned forcosmetic uses.

There are exceptions for publichealth, or safety reasons, such as fight-ing West Nile Virus, killing stinging in-sects like wasps, or controlling poisonivy and other plants poisonous to thetouch. Other exceptions include agricul-ture and forestry.

The ban takes the place of existingmu-nicipal pesticide bylaws, establishing oneclear set of easy-to-understand rules, andproviding certainty for businesses operat-ing in different areas of the province.

Ecojustice report saysgreen infrastructurecan prevent sewage

contamination from CSOs

An investigative report released recentlyby Ecojustice (formerly Sierra Legal De-fence Fund) highlights innovative greensolutions that could stop billions of litresof raw sewage from fouling the GreatLakes each year. Green Cities, GreatLakes: The Green Infrastructure Reportreveals that at least 89 Ontario munici-palities have combined sewer systems,which frequently cause overflows of un-treated sewage into local waterways dur-ing wet weather.

The report also provides practical ex-amples of green infrastructure techniquesused in various cities, including Toronto,St. Catharines and London, Ontario, whichreduce the frequency and severity of watercontamination from combined systems.

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:21 PM


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Ecojustice researcher and report co-author, Liat Podolsky says that “somecities are starting to mitigate the impactof CSOs by adopting green infrastruc-ture solutions which mimic natural sys-tems and reduce the volume of waterentering the sewer during storms.”While Canadian cities grapple with

the estimated $30 billion needed to im-mediately replace and upgrade antiquatedwater and wastewater infrastructure, thereport calls for an approach that focuseson preventing water from entering ourwastewater systems in the first place. Itprovides several case studies and practi-cal examples of communities that havealready invested in green infrastructure,such as green roofs, engineered and nat-ural wetlands and forests, downspout dis-connections, and permeable pavements.

Alberta commits$2 billion for large-scalecarbon capture andstorage projects

The Alberta government has introducednew legislation that provides legal au-thority to administer the $2 billion inprovincial funding for carbon captureand storage (CCS) announced by Pre-mier Ed Stelmach in July 2008.The Carbon Capture and Storage

Funding Act, Bill 14, will enable theprovince to administer funding to sup-port three to five large-scale carbon cap-ture and storage projects. It is expectedthat these projects will reduce CO2 emis-sions by five million tonnes annually by2015.

Endress+Hauser sets upnew company in Qatar

The Persian Gulf region is experiencingenormous growth. Both foreign and localfinanciers have invested enormous sumsin the oil and gas industry, as well as ininfrastructure projects. Qatar is also prof-iting from the boom in the region. “Inorder to be able to serve our installedbase and the market of the emirate evenbetter, we have decided to found our ownsubsidiary in Qatar”, says Klaus Endress,CEO of the Endress+Hauser Group.


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March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:21 PM


NEWSEnvironmental protectionorder issued to northern

Alberta company

TheAlberta government has issued an en-vironmental protection order againstWardChemical Incorporated, operator of a brineextraction, holding, and distributing facil-ity near Calling Lake, for exceedingregulatory guidelines for chlorides ingroundwater.In 2006, groundwater monitoring at

the facility showed high levels of chlo-rides and other contaminants, which ex-ceeded provincial and federal guidelines.In May 2007, further investigation

identified possible high chloride con-tamination within the groundwater on-site and visible impact on vegetationoff-site. Potential sources of the contam-ination included the brine storage pond,above ground tank storage area and sur-face run-off from the site of the facility.Alberta Environment met with WardChemical representatives in May 2007and again in September 2008 to discussa delineation plan and improved opera-tional activities to address the contami-nation. Ward Chemical has not metAlberta Environment’s expectations tocorrect the situation.Under the order,Ward Chemical is re-

quired to submit an operational plan forthe brine storage pond and the aboveground storage tanks, and a delineationplan for the remediation of both on- andoff-site contamination.

Eighteen more chemicalsincluded in Canada’s Chem-

ical Management Plan

Leona Aglukkaq, Canada’s Minister ofHealth, and Environment Minister, JimPrentice have announced the release ofthe draft assessments and risk manage-ment scopes for 18 chemical substancesincluded in Batch 4 of the ChemicalsManagement Plan.Of the 18 substances that were as-

sessed in this batch, four may be of con-cern to human health (butane andisobutane containing more than 0.1%1,3-butadiene; dimethyl sulfate; and di-ethyl sulfate) and one may be harmful tothe environment (benzenamine). The re-maining 13 substances do not pose a riskto human health.

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:21 PM


NEWS

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Out of these 13 substances, five couldharm the environment, if they werewidely used. As a result, SignificantNew Activity provisions are being pro-posed to manage the risks associatedwith these five substances. These provi-sions will prevent these substances frombeing used in the future without under-going a new series of assessments.

Irving Pulp & Paper pleadsguilty to discharging

black liquor

Irving Pulp & Paper Limited has pleadedguilty and been fined $37,000 for releas-ing black liquor, a by-product of the pulpand paper process, into the Saint JohnRiver, New Brunswick, on February 8,2007.

On February 8, 2007, as required byFederal pulp and paper effluent regula-tions, the company advised EnvironmentCanada about the release of the blackliquor. Subsequently charges were laidagainst the company in October 2008,after an investigation by EnvironmentCanada's Atlantic Region EnforcementBranch determined that effluent samplesfrom the plant were highly alkaline anddeleterious to fish.

Canadian EnvironmentMinister dogged

by protesters

Canadian Environment Minister, JimPrentice was met by a group of protest-ing polar bears as he arrived at theWhiteHouse to meet with EPA Administrator,Lisa Jackson and Energy Secretary,Steven Chu in March. The mountingcontroversy over Alberta’s tar sands hasfollowed Minister Prentice to Washing-ton, leading some to question whetherCanadian diplomacy in the US will bedefined by this single issue.

The protests came a day after Minis-ter Prentice was forced to address a freshround of criticism of Canada's tar sandsby prominent US environmentalists andmedia celebrities, including RobertKennedy, Jr. Native Canadian groupsshouted, “Stop tar sands now!” outsidethe office of Senator John Kerry whereMinister Prentice was meeting to discussclimate and energy issues.


March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:21 PM


NEWS

• MECHANICAL• ELECTRICAL• STRUCTURAL• ARCHITECTURAL• ENVIRONMENTAL• CIVIL

Experience, Innovation,Diversity, Teamwork& Commitment

www.trg.ca

form for delivery of agricultural chemi-cals in food production.• An energy-efficient building tech-

nology, that has the potential to cut homeheating costs by 10% while simultane-ously improving indoor air quality.

For more information, visitwww.sdtc.ca.

Water For Peopleshortlisted for

sustainability prize

Water For People has been shortlisted forthe US $1M Rio Tinto Prize for Sustain-ability 2008. This Prize is open to allnot-for-profit, civil society and non-government organisations working toadvance the goals of economic, environ-mental and social sustainability.David Anderson, former Minister of

the Environment for Canada and Directorof the Guelph Institute for the Environ-ment, chaired the international adjudica-tion panel that selected the ten shortlistedorganisations.Rio Tinto is a leading international

mining group headquartered in the UK.The Prize for Sustainability will be an-nounced in June.

WCWC receives MOE’s2008 Emerald Award

Back row L to R: The HonourableJohn Gerretsen, Minister of the Environ-ment and Gail Beggs, Deputy Minister,MOE, presented the award to MauriceOduor, Dr. Souleymane Ndiongue, Frontrow (L to R) Linda Thompson, Dr. SaadJasim, and Dr. Housseini Coulibaly.

The Walkerton Clean Water Centre hasreceived an award at the Ontario Min-istry of the Environment’s EmeraldAwards ceremony, which was held inMarch. The Centre received the awardfor better training and information for

Activism against the tar sands has hit acritical mass following President Obama'strip to Canada earlier in the month, com-bined with recent coverage by the Na-tional Geographic and a full-page USAToday ad, condemning the tar sands, com-missioned by the environmental groupForestEthics and the Mikisew Cree andAthabasca Fort Chipewyan First Nations.

SDTC awards cleantechnology funding

Sixteen new projects, that develop anddemonstrate emerging clean technolo-gies, have been awarded $53 million bySustainable Development TechnologyCanada (SDTC). This funding addresses

multiple sectors of the Canadian econ-omy, including:• Clean energy production using a

process that will facilitate the complexproduction of lignocellulosic ethanol,while reducing the amount of energy re-quired. This process will be integratedinto an existing ethanol facility on a pre-commercial, pilot scale using the non-food residuals from harvested corn asfeedstock.• Converting forest waste into a more

usable bio-carbon for energy productionand using sophisticated processes to cre-ate a biolatex binder for paperboardmanufacturing, which is potentially su-perior to the petrochemical alternative.• A disruption nano-technology plat-

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:21 PM


NEWS

• Hazardous Site Clean-up & Remediation• Decommissioning and Demolition• Asbestos and Mould Abatement• Contaminated Soil Removal• On-site Water Treatment

Tel: (905) 823-7965Fax: (905) 823-7932www.pcbdisposal.com

the water treatment professionals oftoday and tomorrow.

This “Innovation” category recog-nizes new and creative ways of doingbusiness. It may involve tools, processes,practices, research or policies that sig-nificantly helped to improve the Min-istry’s operations or help meet its goals.

AET Group recognized forenvironmental excellence

AET Group Inc. has been awarded theGreater Kitchener Waterloo Chamber ofCommerce 2009 Business Excellence –Environment Award.

Each year, the Environment Award isgiven to a company that has proven itsfull awareness of environmental issues,both locally in the community as well ason a global scale. This award honours or-ganizations that have an outstandingcommitment to the sustainable develop-ment of environmental solutions throughactivities, programs, stewardship, educa-tion and innovation.

Celebrate NPWW with localpublic works professionals

The Ontario Public Works Associationand its members will be celebrating Na-tional Public Works Week, May 17 to 23.Instituted as a public education campaignby the American Public Works Associa-tion (APWA) in 1960, NPWW calls at-tention to the importance of public worksin community life. The Week seeks to en-hance the prestige of the often–unsungheroes of our society – the professionalswho serve the public good every day.

Some special highlights of NPWW in-clude a US Senate resolution affirming thefirst National PublicWorksWeek in 1960,letters of acknowledgment from PresidentsDwight Eisenhower and Lyndon Johnson,

and a Presidential Proclamation signed byJohn F. Kennedy in 1962.

In 2008, the Ontario Public WorksAs-sociation was the recipient of theAPWA’s President’s Award for ChapterExcellence (PACE Award), and was se-lected by the APWA as the host for the2014 Congress and Exposition.

ADI-MBR technologychosen by snackfood producer

Golden Flake Snack Foods Inc. hasawardedADI Systems Inc. a multimilliondollar contract for a complete design-build ADI-MBR (membrane bioreactor)system to treat wastewater from its Birm-

ingham, Alabama, production facility.The Birmingham plant, a 350,000 ft2

facility, is the largest of three GoldenFlake production plants in the southeast-ern US.

The new 400,000 gpd ADI-MBR fa-cility will allow Golden Flake to direct-discharge its treated effluent to a smallstream located adjacent to the plant,eliminating significant POTW sur-charges. The treated effluent will alsoserve to enhance the downstream envi-ronment by increasing the water flowwithin the small watercourse, benefi-cially impacting the local ecosystem. De-sign of the new ADI-MBR facility isalready underway, and the plant is sched-uled to be operational later this year.

(left) Scott Freibuger and LarryFreiburger, of AET Group (right), withMurry Costello, Union Gas (centre).

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:22 PM


base above 12 to stop the reaction. This should be practiced incontrolled training exercises.

Plan ahead to decide which reagent could be used effec-tively to raise the pH value, as well as how much is required.Responders who choose to use caustic soda should rememberthat it can destroy nerve endings and dissolve body protein.During the addition of a stronger base, if an exothermic reac-tion should occur, the release of hydrogen cyanide might es-calate and become a runaway reaction.

Cyanide, which is a reducing agent, can react violentlywith a strong oxidizing agent, such as sodium chlorate, andbecome a potential fire or explosion hazard. The reaction be-tween an oxidizer and a reducing agent is sometimes referredto as a redox reaction. Redox reactions can be mild and unas-suming, or can create adverse conditions that may generateheat, fire or an explosion. Therefore, you should work withtrace-amount sized samples, to determine potential reactions.

Concentrated cyanide can be destroyed with a mild oxidiz-ing reagent that creates a mild oxidizing-reaction. Never as-sume the mild reagent is going to guarantee a safe reaction.How much you add, and how fast you add a reagent, can de-termine success or failure.

CBRN and waste management personnel who work withcontaminated cyanide cannot be sure of what other propertiesare present, so they should work with small samples to verifyreactivity and results.

In a redox reaction, cyanide is destroyed with the transferof oxygen and electrons. The cyanide has been eliminatedwhen starch paper or the redox meter indicates oxidizing prop-erties are present. Oxidation may take some time to completethe reaction and, therefore, if the oxidizing reading does notappear, or if it is lost, it means unreacted cyanide exists andmore oxidizing reagent may be required to complete thechemical reaction. As part of hands-on training, sodiumcyanide can be oxidized and a lab test used to verify that thesolution has been reduced to 10 ppm free cyanide remaining.

It is important not to carry out any reactions unless appro-priately protected against spillage or eruption and guided byan experienced person. For example, during the destructionof cyanide by oxidation, reactions have generated enough en-ergy to cause the contents to erupt and spray to the height ofa 5 metre ceiling.

When signs of cyanide poisoning are observed, time is crit-ical. A cyanide exposure can become fatal rapidly. Get to theperson or have them come out. Ensure the airways are open,apply an amyl nitrite ampoule, and supply the casualty withoxygen. Accessing medical help and planning for safe decont-amination are key factors. Dilution with water is an option, butwater will make cyanide react to form highly toxic hydrogencyanide gas. Never assume, suit-up for toxicity, and work clean!

Cliff Holland is President of Spill Management, E-mail:[email protected]. Mr Holland will be speaking

at CANECT 2009 (See page 78 for details)

• Agriculture: Reduced water availability is already im-pacting food commodity prices, as shown by last year's sharpincrease in global rice prices, triggered by a drought-inducedcollapse of rice production inAustralia. Roughly 70 percent ofthe water used globally is for agriculture, with as much as 90percent in developing countries where populations are grow-ing fastest.

The report also identified specific water-related risks forapparel, biotechnology/pharmaceutical, forest products andmetals/mining firms.

The report also highlights the intensifying conflict betweenenergy use and water availability. With increasing frequency,choosing one of these resources means undermining the other– the other usually being water. For example, the billions ofdollars spent to expand corn-based ethanol production in theUS and oil sands development in Canada have helped ensureincreased fuel supplies, but at the expense of significant waterimpacts and greenhouse gas emissions that could ultimatelylimit these ventures in the future.

Despite these looming challenges, the report concludes thatbusinesses and investors are largely unaware of water-relatedrisks or how climate change will likely exacerbate them.Weakcorporate disclosure on potential risk exposure and responsestrategies is especially glaring.

To evaluate and effectively address water risks, companiesshould take the following actions:

• Measure the company’s water footprint (i.e., water useand wastewater discharge) throughout its entire value chain,including suppliers and product use.

• Assess physical, regulatory and reputational risks asso-ciated with its water footprint, and seek to align the evaluationwith the company’s energy and climate risk assessments.

• Engage key stakeholders (e.g., local communities, non-governmental organizations, government bodies, suppliers,and employees) as a part of water risk assessment, long-termplanning and implementation activities.

• Integrate water issues into strategic business planningand governance structures.

• Disclose and communicate water performance and asso-ciated risks.

For more information, visit www.ceres.org

Businesses and investorswarned about growing

water scarcity con’t from page 8...

Proper training and planningessential for cyanide spill and

release response con’t from page 72...

g y pMarch09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:22 PM


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March092:Mar09 3/26/09 5:51 PM


Guest Comment

piped water supply with quality moni-toring and in-house sewage collectionwith partial treatment would require atotal investment of US $136.5 billionper year to 2015.” This ranges from $55to $125 per person per year.

While the magnitude of these invest-ments is huge, the challenges extend be-yond access to financing. The level ofbureaucracy and lack of local institu-tional capacity to develop, manage anddeliver projects becomes a greater dif-ficulty. This in no way implies that thesecountries do not have technically quali-fied individuals; they do. The challengeis that their numbers are few and theircapacity is at times stifled by the bu-reaucracy under which they operate.

To overcome these tremendous chal-lenges, financing institutions and donorcountries are combining efforts to developcapacity at both the national and regionallevels. There is a recognition that theknow-how and business sense of publicinstitutions are a severe limitation to theexpansion and improvement of service.Progressive countries such as Mozam-bique are engaging the private sector toleverage the capacity of local utilities.

While donor and central governmentinvestments build core service infra-structure, the government recognizesthat an appropriate tariff structure mustaddress the real cost of service delivery.Improved service capacity is essential to

Many developing countriesface enormous challengeswhen improving their watersupply infrastructure. The

task of meeting even minimum servicestandards is a result, in part, of decades ofneglect in investment. While there is nocomparison between the situation in somedeveloping countries and the state ofCanada’s infrastructure, the deplorableservice conditions in many countries area real extrapolation of the potential out-come of neglect.

The water and sanitation deficit inthe developing world is affected by anynumber of factors including:• Rapid population growth often

aggravated by migration to urbanareas due to civil conflicts.

• Ineffective public sector and poorgovernance.

• Prolonged periods of neglect andlack of investment.

• Short gap measures that lack sustain-ability.

• Difficult economic environmentswith extremely low GDP per capita.

• Extreme climatic conditions(droughts, floods) and other naturaldisasters.More that 1 billion people in the

world now lack clean water and over 2.5billion lack basic sanitation. Accordingto 2004World Health Organization fig-ures, “access for all regulated in-house

increase efficiency. This occurs throughthe reduction of unaccounted-for water(commercial losses – water consumedand not paid, and technical losses –leaks) and an increase in the number ofcustomers in order to spread the fixedcosts and increase the commercial via-bility of the service utility.

The reality of water and sanitationservicing in Canada is obviously verydifferent. We have abundant water re-sources, manageable population densi-ties, high GDP per capita, stronginstitutions, and access to a high calibreof human resources and technology.Our infrastructure is actually very good!However, we cannot take these condi-tions for granted and certainly cannotaccept a continued increase in the doc-umented service infrastructure deficit.

Economic and environmental sus-tainability needs to be addressed andrevenues must balance the cost of serv-ices.Water supply and sanitation servic-ing are a consumer commodity andmunicipalities and water utilities shouldconsider a commercial approach to serv-ice delivery. Strategic engagement of theprivate sector can play a positive role inimproving the delivery of these services.

Rui De Carvalho is SeniorVice-President of R.J. Burnside &

Associates Limited. E-mail:[email protected]

A water treatment plant in Mozambique.

Why we must effectively manage infrastructuredeficits By Rui De Carvalho, P.Eng.

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:22 PM

March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:47 PM

When you give contractors a choice you encourage competition, efficiency, sound economics and fair trade.

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March09:Mar09 3/24/09 7:22 PM

Environmental Science and Engineering Magazine-March 2009

Documents

Transcript of Environmental Science and Engineering Magazine-March 2009