entry level1

8/7/2019 entry level1

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Entry-Level Training

for Commercial MotorVehicle Operators

49 CFR Part 380


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Driver Qualifications

380.503 (a)


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Driver Requirements

A driver must meet the following requirements:

Be in good health and physically able to performall duties of a driver.

Be at least 21 years of age. Speak and read English well enough to converse

with the general public, understand highwaytraffic and signals, respond to official questions,and be able to make legible entries on reportsand records.

Be able to drive the vehicle safely

Have only one valid commercial motor vehicleoperators license.


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Driver Responsibilities

Is your cargo properly secured?

Are you familiar with methods and procedures forsecuring cargo in a commercial motor vehicle?


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Disqualification ofDrivers

A driver is disqualified from operating a commercial motorvehicle (CMV) on public highways, for the followingoffenses:

Driving a CMV while under the influence of alcohol.

Driving a CMV while under the influence of a disqualifyingdrug or other controlled substance.

Transporting or possessing a disqualifying drug orcontrolled substance.

Leaving the scene of an accident that involves a CMV.

Using a CMV to commit a felony.

Using a CMV to violate an Out-of-Service Order.


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Driver Medical Qualifications

Minimum Standards to maintain medicalcertification.

Vision

Hearing Hypertension

Other health-related problems Drug use Alcoholism

Epilepsy Diabetes Mental disorders Limb impairment


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Vision Standards

Must have at least 20/40 (Snellen) in each eyewith or without corrective lenses.

Field of vision of at least 70 degrees in the

horizontal meridian in each eye. Ability to recognize the colors of traffic signals

and devices showing standard red, green, andamber.

If a driver meets the above criteria using

corrective lenses, your medical certificate mustread Qualified only if wearing corrective lenses.


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Hearing Standards

Must perceive a forced whispered voice at notless than 5 feet with or without use of hearingaid.

Does not have an average hearing loss greaterthan 40 decibels at 500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, and 2,000 Hzwith or without hearing aid.

If a driver meets the above criteria with anhearing aid, your medical certificate must read

Qualified only when wearing a hearing aid.


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Hypertension Guidelines

Stage 1: Blood pressure is between 140/90 and 159/99 Driver can get a one-year certification. Must have a DOT re-certification exam each year thereafter.

At re-certification, blood pressure must be equal or less than140/90 to obtain another one-year certification.

If blood pressure falls between 140/90 and 159/99, a one-timecertification for 3 months may be issued.

Stage 2: Blood pressure is between 160/100 and 179/109 One-time certificate for 3 months can be issued.

Drivers must seek professional help and lower blood pressuredown to or less than 140/90

Driver can get one-year certification

Driver must be re-certified every year thereafter Stage 3: Blood pressure exceeds 180/110

Will be medically disqualified

Must bring blood pressure down to 140/90 or less to receive six-month certification

Must seek re-certification every six months


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Drug Use Standard

A driver may NOT use a controlled substancesuch as an amphetamine, narcotic, or any otherhabit-forming drug. EXCEPTION: A driver may use such a substance or drug if

the drug is prescribed by a licensed medical practitioner whois familiar with the drivers medical history and assignedduties AND drug will not adversely affect the drivers abilityto safely operate a CMV.

Motor carriers may obtain a practitioners writtenstatement about how the use of a particular drugaffects transportation safety.


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Alcoholism Standard

A driver must have no currentclinical diagnosisof alcoholism.

After counseling and/or treatment, a driver maybe considered for medical certification.


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Other Health Standards

Epilepsy

A driver with epilepsy, or any other condition which is likely tocause loss of consciousness will NOT be medically certified todrive a CMV.

MentalDisorders A driver must not have any mental, nervous, organic or functionaldisease or psychiatric disorder likely to interfere with ability to drivea CMV.

Diabetes A driver must not have any established medical history or clinical

diagnosis of diabetes mellitus currently requiring insulin for control. Loss of Limb

If there is loss of a foot, leg, hand, or an arm, the driver cannot bemedically certified UNLESS the driver possesses a SkillPerformance Evaluation Certificate.


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Hours of Service

380.503 (b)


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Introduction

According to the US Department of Transportation,the revised Hours of Service Regulations:

Will save up to 75 lives and prevent as many as1,326 fatigue-related crashes annually

Move toward a 24-hour work-rest cycle

Increase the opportunity for restorative sleep byincreasing the amount of off-duty time by twohours

Strike a balance between uniform and consistentenforcement, and operational flexibility


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Who Must Comply?

All employers, employees, drivers, andcommercial motor carriers that transportproperty in interstate commerce

Property carrying Commercial Motor Vehiclesare defined as: Having a Gross Vehicle/Combination Weight/Rating of

10,001 lbs. or more

OR

Transporting hazardous materials of a type and quantityrequiring placards


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On-Duty Time Defined

All time at a carrier or shipper plant, terminal,facility, or other property, or on any publicproperty, waiting to be dispatched

All time inspecting equipment or inspecting,servicing or conditioning any motor vehicle

All driving time

All time (other than driving time) in or upon anycommercial motor vehicle except time resting in

a sleeper berth


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On-Duty Time Defined

All time loading or unloading a commercial motorvehicle, supervising, or assisting in the loadingor unloading, attending a commercial motorvehicle being loaded or unloaded, remaining in

readiness to operate the commercial motorvehicle, or in giving receipts for shipmentsloaded or unloaded

Repairing or waiting for a vehicle to be repaired

Providing a breath or urine sample (incl. travel) Performing any work for a motor carrier

Performing compensated work for anyone


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Hours of Service Rules

Limits on Driving:

A maximum of 11 Hours Driving after which a

driver must have at least10

consecutive hours off-duty before drivingagain

A maximum period on-duty of 14 consecutivehours after which a driver must have at least 10consecutive hours off-duty before drivingagain

A maximum of 60 hours on-duty in any 7consecutive days OR70 hours on-duty in any 8consecutive days. Once reaching these limits, thedriver cannot drive again until cumulative hours arebelow 60 or 70, whichever is applicable.


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14 Hour On-Duty Rule

No driver may drive for any period after the end of the 14th

consecutive hour after having come on-duty following 10consecutive hours off duty.

Time logged off-duty for meals, load/unload delays, fueling, etc.

will not extend the1

4 hour on-duty period. The 14 hour on-duty period can only be extended by sleeper

berth time. (Refer to sleeper berth rules for application.)

Off-duty time that occurs during a tour of duty must be includedwhen calculating the 14 consecutive hour on-duty period.However, it is not included when calculating compliance with the

60/70 hour rule. There is a 16-hour exception to this rule, but it will not be useful

in route design or planning.


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60/70 Hours of Service Rule

The 60/70 hour rule prohibits a driver fromdriving for any period after having been on duty:

60 hours in any 7 consecutive day periodOR

70 hours in any 8 consecutive day period

A driver may engage in non-driving work afterreaching the limit, but the hours must be addedto the total


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34 Hour Restart Rule

A Drivers hours accumulated in a 7 or 8 dayperiod may be restarted after taking 34 or moreconsecutive hours off-duty

Returning to work after 34 consecutive hours off-duty gives the driver 60 or 70 available hours,whichever applies.

Can only be used if 60/70-hour limit has not beenexceeded


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SleeperBerth

10-hour break may be taken in two separateperiods

Neither period may be less than 2 hours

The two periods must total at least 10 hours (ifless than 10 hours, the sleeper berth time doesNOT count)

Only time in the sleeper berth may be recordedas sleeper-berth time


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Log Book Specifics


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Driver Responsibilities

Log entries must be current

Name of city, town, and state where each change of dutystatus occurs must be recorded in the remarks section (city&/or town cannot be abbreviated)

Entries must be made in drivers own writing Time standard at the home terminal must

be used

Entries must be completed in duplicate

Entries for multiple days off or vacationsmay be consolidated onto a single log

Original record of duty status must be submitted to thecarrier within 13 days


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Record Keeping

Keep a copy of each record for the previous 7consecutive days in your possession andavailable for inspection while on duty

Carrier must keep records of duty status and allsupporting documents for 6 months

100 air-mile radius truck drivers may continue touse a time card or time sheet as their record ofduty status


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Objectives of The Hours of Service

Why do we have Ruleslike the Hours of Service?

To permit commercial motor vehicle (CMV) driversadditional opportunities for quality rest andrestorative sleep

To reduce the number of crashes caused by drowsy,

tired, or fatigued CMV drivers.


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Driver Fatigue Facts

Starting the work-week tired is the single mostimportant factor influencing truck driver fatigue

31 percent of all fatal collisions involvingcommercial drivers most likely involve fatigue

Caffeine may help create a state of physicalstimulation, but not necessarily maintain mentalalertness

Sleep is NOT a voluntary activitysleep will

occur regardless of a drivers will to prevent it


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Symptoms of Fatigue

Frequent yawning

Your body feels stiff or eyes close and havetrouble focusing

Squirming in your seat Day dreaming

Tailgating or suddenly braking for no reason

Inconsistent, variable acceleration

Trouble keeping your head up

Drifting in your lane


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Methods on How to Combat Fatigue

Sleeping during normal hours can reducedriver fatigue

When you get tired, stop driving

Use your down-time wisely Plan your trips to include stopping at a location

that will allow you to get quality rest

Eat a well-balanced diet and exercise regularly

Keep fresh air in your vehicle Use medications cautiously, particularly

prescription medications


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BOTTOM LINE

Most often you control your own sleepingpatterns

Examine your own personal sleep habits to helpreduce your exposure to the dangers of drivingwhile fatigued

THE ONLY SAFE DRIVER IS AN ALERT DRIVER!!


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Driver Wellness

380.503 (c)


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What is Wellness?

An Ongoing Process

Awareness

Personal Responsibility

Making choices towards a more positive andbalanced healthy lifestyle

An Attitude

Optimal HealthQuality of Life!

HEALTHY LIFESTYLES CAN PREVENT DISEASE


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Elements of a Healthy Lifestyle

Good Nutrition: Eating Right

Weight Management

Proper Rest

Proper Hygiene

Physical Activity

Avoidance of Tobacco

Avoidance ofDrugs & excess Alcohol

Stress Management

Cholesterol & Blood Pressure Control


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Steps to Eating Right

Eat a variety of foods

Maintain a healthy weight

Limit saturated fat

Eat plenty of vegetables, fiber and grains

Use sugars, salt, and sodium in moderation

Drink responsibility and in moderation


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Food Pyramid


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Calorie Facts

A calorie is a unit that measures energy.

Sources Include:

Carbohydrate

Fat

Protein

Alcohol


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Fats

How much can I have?

30 percent of calories

73 grams of fat in a 2,200-calorie diet

Saturated fats

Monounsaturated fats

Polyunsaturated fats


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Sugars

Sugars include:

White sugar

Brown sugar

Corn syrup

Honey

Molasses

Added Sugars include:

Candy

Soft drinks

Jams and Jellies

Fruit canned in heavysyrup

Chocolate Milk

Sugar that you add


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Salt & Sodium

Foods high in salt and sodium:

Cured meats

Luncheon meats

Many cheeses

Most canned soups and vegetables

Soy sauce


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Weight Management

What is Obesity? Chronic condition defined by an excess amount body fat

Facts: 55% of truck drivers are overweight (national average is

20.9%)

Health Risks associated with obesity: Insulin resistance

Type-2 diabetes

High blood pressure

Stroke

Heart attack

Cancer

Sleep apnea


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Personal Hygiene

Body Odor Two kinds of Sweat:

Eccrine

Apocrine

Tips to control body odor: Bathe at least once daily with an antibacterial soap

Use a deodorant with aluminum or zinc

Launder clothing more often

Avoid the regular consumption of spicy or sharp-smelling

foods


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Personal Hygiene Cont.

Bad Breath

Causes: Improper hygiene

Diet Gum Disease

Smoking

Tips to control bad breath: Brush and floss regularly

Schedule regular dental check-ups Use a tongue scraper

Drink plenty of water

Use mouthwash


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Physical Activity

Drivers need to be in good physical condition towork safely

Physical activity to maintain a healthy body

CAUTION!!

Before starting any new program of physical

activity, the first thing all drivers should do is geta complete physical and discuss the exerciseprogram with their doctor


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Exercise

Boosts energy levels & mental capacity

Reduces stress

Reduces risk of disease

Improves Flexibility

Sleep

Overall sense of well-being

Center forDisease Control recommendsexercising for 30 minutes per day


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Exercise Tips forDrivers

Walking or running around a truckstop

Riding a bicycle Can be carried on truck

Fold-up bicycles are available

Many stretching exercises can be done in yoursleeper: Knee to chest stretch

Sitting stretch

Standing and extension Quadriceps

Use small weights (dumb bells) in or out of thetruck


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Tobacco

50% of truck drivers smoke National overall average is 25%

Cigarettes are recognized as a major cause ofcancer and heart disease

Dipping is 4 times more dangerous than smoking

One person dies every 10 seconds from smoking

Nicotine inhalation also causes a shock-wave inblood sugar levels

Tobacco smoking produces deficiencies of manyvitamins


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Alcohol Use

Definition: The intoxicating agent in beverage alcohol, medications,

food, or other consumable source

Most widely used and abused drug

Major factor in most suicides, homicides,domestic violence, and accidents

Alcohol is a poison that kills cells in the brain,heart, liver, and pancreas

Excessive alcohol use is responsible for 100,000

deaths annually Alcohol consumption is the major cause of

vehicle accidents.


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Alcohol Facts

Alcohol is a DOWNER that reduces activity in thecentral nervous system

At intoxicating doses, alcohol can decrease heartrate, lower blood pressure and respiration rate,and result in decreased reflex responses andslower reaction times.

Alcohol consumption can induce sleep disorders


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Drug Use

Marijuana THC, an active ingredient found in marijuana, can be found

in the body for up to 6 weeks after use Can cause serious impairment to your driving ability, image

distortion, paranoia, and rapid changes in emotion

Amphetamines Can cause high blood pressure, dizziness, fever,

convulsions, blurred vision Long term use can cause acne, malnutrition and frequent

illness

Cocaine Can cause damage to your brain, heart, and liver Can cause aggressive behavior, convulsions, seizures, and

strokes


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Drug Use Cont.

Opiates Includes heroin, opium, morphine, and codeine

Commonly found in prescription medications

Highly addictive, both physically and psychologically

Can cause restlessness, mood swings, loss ofconsciousness and even coma

PCP Can cause irrational, panicked, and violent behavior

Can cause flashbacks for years after use

Exists in many forms: May be swallowed, chewed, orsmoked


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Bottom Line on Alcohol and Drugs

Bottom Line

If you are convicted of being under the influenceof alcohol or drugs, you WILL lose your CDL from

one year to LIFE. Positive drug/alcohol test results will follow you

to a new employer

IS IT WORTH IT???


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Stress Management

Stress is the physical and mental response toany demand made on an individual

Stress has been linked to illnesses and diseases

Stress has been linked to fatigue Stress results from failure to adequately cope

with stressors Traffic

Demanding employer

Family problems Deadlines


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How Can I Manage Stress Better?

Become aware of your stressors and youremotional and physical reactions

Recognize what you can change

Build your physical reserves (exercise) Reduce the intensity of your emotional reactions

to stress

Learn to moderate your physical reactions tostress


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Road Rage

Defined as a societal condition where motoristslose their temper in reaction to a trafficdisturbance

Road rage is a serious issue of traffic safety - thesafety of yourself and others

How not to be a victim: Do not offend another driver

Dont engage

Adjust your attitude


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High Blood Pressure

What is High Blood Pressure?

The force of blood against the inside walls ofyour vessels plus your blood vessels' resistanceto blood flow create blood pressure

Causes: Blood vessels that are too narrow, which makes the heart

work harder to push blood through them

Blood vessels that are stiff and can't expand when blood ispushed through them

Blood with excessive sodium and water


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Whos at Risk for High Blood


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Who s at Risk for High BloodPressure?

People with blood relatives who have high bloodpressure, like a father, mother, or sibling

Men over the age of 55 - Women over the age of65

People who smoke People who are overweight

People with high cholesterol

People with diabetes

People who get little or no regular physicalactivity

At Risk? Talk to your doctor about HighBlood Pressure!


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Sleep Apnea, What is it?

Is a serious, potentially life-threatening conditionthat is far more common than generallyunderstood

A breathing disorder characterized by briefinterruptions of breathing during sleep

Characterized by choking sensations


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Sleep Apnea Facts

Types of Apnea: Obstructive (most common): Is caused by a blockage of the

airway, usually when the soft tissue in the rear of the throatcollapses and closes during sleep

Central: The brain fails to signal the muscles to breathe Mixed: a combination of obstructive and central

Affects more than twelve million Americans

Risk Factors: Overweight

Being a male Over the age of 40


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Symptoms &Treatments

Symptoms of Sleep Apnea Sleepiness during the day

Loud snoring

Pauses in breathing

Other sleeping difficulties

Treatments Physical or Mechanical Therapy

Surgery

Behavioral Therapy


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Untreated Sleep Apnea

Untreated Sleep Apnea can cause:

High Blood Pressure

Cardiovascular disease

Memory Problems

Weight Gain

Impotency

Headaches

Job Impairment

MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES

* See your doctor for more information *


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Last Word on DriverWellness

A healthy lifestyle allows you to:

Look better

Feel better

Think better Work better

Live longer

Have a better quality of life

Wellness is:

A Lifelong JOURNEY not a DESTINATION!!


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WhistleblowerProtection

380.503 (d)


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Whistleblower Protection Laws

What are these laws?

These laws prohibit discrimination againstworkers who complain about safety violations

Your employer cannot terminate or discipline you

if you have filed a complaint or begun aproceeding related to a violation of a commercialmotor vehicle safety regulation, standard, ororder

You have the RIGHT to refuse to work in

hazardous or unsafe situations Your perception of a hazardous or unsafe condition must beREASONABLE

You must attempt to get the unsafe condition corrected byyour employer


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How do I File a Complaint?

You may file a complaint within 180 days of the allegedviolation, with the Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA)

OSHA must investigate your complaint within 60 days ofreceiving your complaint

If OSHA decides it is reasonable to believe a violationoccurred, OSHA shall provide a preliminary order for relief

The employer and employee have the right to fileobjections of the preliminary order within 30 days ofdecision

If your employer does not comply with OSHAs decision,OSHA may bring a civil action to enforce the order


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Bottom Line

Your company cannot retaliate against you forreporting a violation

You must have followed proper procedures inreporting

Be reasonable with your employer in reportingyour perception of the hazardous or unsafeworking condition


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Questions & Discussions

Questions???

FurtherDiscussion???

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