Encontro dos Bolsistas do Programa CSF
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Transcript of Encontro dos Bolsistas do Programa CSF
Encontro dos Bolsistas do Programa CSF Alvaro Lima, Abril 2015
Transnational Communities- not your grandfather’s diaspora -
Traditional Understanding – The Migration Flow
ADMISSION: Who? How many?
What kind?
poverty
stagnation
overpopulation
etc…
Traditional Understanding – The Migration Flow
WHY?
CountryTotal
Population (millions)
Population from
Developing Countries (millions)
Percent of Total
Population
Top Five Source
Countries (percent of
total)
Top Five Source Countries
United States
Spain
France
UK
Netherlands
Portugal
Japan
281.4
40.8
58.5
58.8
16.0
10.4
127
28.4
1.5
3.7
3.0
1.2
0.5
1.2
10.1
3.7
6.4
5.1
7.6
4.5
1.0
45.2
44.2
20.4
30.1
48.6
62.8
69.6
Mexico, Philippines, Puerto Rico, India, China
Morocco, Ecuador, Colombia, Argentina, Venezuela
Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey, Vietnam
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Jamaica, South Africa
Suriname, Turkey, Indonesia, Morocco, Netherlands Antilles
Angola, Mozambique, Brazil, Cape Verde, Venezuela
North Korea, South Korea, China, Brazil, Philippines
Foreign-Born Population of Rich OECD Countries from Developing Countries
Source: Let Their People Come, Lant Pritchett, 2006
labor market
housingeducation
etc…
Traditional Understanding – The Settlement
ESOL
entrepreneurship
New Understand - Immigrant Transnationalism
Drivers of Transnationalism
Developments in the means of transportation and communications have changed the relations between people and places (costs);
International migrations have become crucial to the demographic future of many developed countries;
Global political transformations and new international legal regimes weakened the state as the only legitimate source of rights;
Fostered by global consumption, global production, and immigration, cultural hybridization are substituting folkloric romanticism and political nationalism enshrined as essences of national cultures;
Transnational platforms
New Possibilities – Transnational Platforms
Transnational platforms
$875
$398
$331
$218
$-
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$600
$700
$800
$900
Brazil
EcuadorMéxico
Guatemala
Guyana
Dominican R.
Colombia
Nicaragua
El Salvador
HondurasCuba
Monthly Remittance by Nationality
$278 $274
$192 $188 $185 $177
$113
ABOVE AVERAGE
BELOW AVERAGE
AVERAGE = $294
45.4%
20.5%17.8%
5.1% 4.9% 3.7%1.6% 0.8% 0.2%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
50.0%
Foods and spices
Videos, DVDs, C
Ds
Clothing
Newspapers/magazines
Books
Alcohol
Cigarettes
Craft Items
Others
Purchasing of Nostalgic Products Among Brazilians
37.6%
28.9%26.0%
5.5%
1.6%0.3%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
Does nothave / NR
Checkingaccount
Savingsaccount
Credit card Investmentaccount
Foreigncurrencysavings
Financial Accounts in Country of Origin - Brazil
MEASURING TRANSNATIONALIS
M
46.6%
36.80%
27.0%
22.7%20.0%
15.3%14.0%
10.3% 9.1%
5.7%3.7%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
50.0%
GuyanaBrazil
Ecuador
Honduras
Colombia
Nicaragua
Dominican R.
MéxicoCuba
El Salvador
Guatemala
Help Beyond Remittances
AVERAGE = 19.2%
ABOVE AVERAGE
BELOW AVERAGE
10
26.3%
12.4%
10.0%
6.7%5.0%
4.0% 3.5% 3.3% 2.8% 2.4%
0.0%0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
Guyana
Brazil
Ecuador
Honduras
Colombia
Nicaragua
Mexico
Dominican R.
Guatemala
El Salvador
Cuba
Support of Hometown Associations
AVERAGE = 6.7%
ABOVE AVERAGE
BELOW AVERAGE
MEASURING TRANSNATIONALIS
M
MEASURING TRANSNATIONALIS
M
Some Implications of Transnationalism
Portability becomes crucial for transnational migrants – education and certification processes; investment and retirement schemes, health insurance, etc.;
The concept of “community,” “society,” as well as “the local,” must be redefined as space of flows (relationships), pluri-local and nation-state-boarder spanning, instead of bounded geographic places – geographic and social container spaces;
Transnational immigrant entrepreneurs’ contributions to the economy have to be recognized as such and not as just “ethnic;”
Nation-state ideals of identity in both sending and receiving countries are challenged by transnational practices – double citizenship, transnational rights, regimens, etc…;
States must re-conceive immigration and adapt their policies and practices to accommodate transnational realities;
First Generation Innovation Portfolio
Digaai.com
Transnational Index
Diaspora Capital Services
Educational Delivery & Partnership Models
Health Care Management & Insurance Provision
Social Security
Political Representation