ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Dr. H.BilgeMutluer

ELE 789 Special Topics in Electrical

ELE 789 Special Topics in Electrical

and Electronics Engineering:

and Electronics Engineering:

Electrical Power Quality

Electrical Power Quality

2ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Course Outline

Course Outline

1.Power Quality (PQ) Definitions and

Objectives

2.Power System Modeling and

Simulation for PQ Analyses

3.Voltage Quality

4.Harm

onics and Harm

onic Elimination

5.Reactive Power Compensation

6.EMI, Grounding and Wiring

3ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Voltage

VoltageQuality

Quality

T

ransie

nts

P

ow

er

frequency

dis

turb

ances

F

licker

and

low

frequency

dis

turb

ances

H

arm

onic

s*

4ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Voltage

VoltageQuality

Quality

V

olta

ge

Sa

gs a

nd

In

terr

up

tio

ns

T

ran

sie

nt

Ove

rvo

lta

ge

s

F

licke

r

S

ourc

es o

f F

licker

F

licker

Mitig

atio

n

V

olta

ge

Re

gu

latio

n

P

rincip

les o

f V

oltage R

egu

lation

D

evic

es f

or

Voltage R

egu

latio

n

5ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Voltage

VoltageSags

Sagsand

andInterruptions

Interruptions

B

oth

are

result

of

the

faults

H

ave

econo

mic

alim

pact

C

an b

e a

void

ed

or

conta

ined

6ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Event Duration

Event Duration

In

sta

nta

ne

ou

s

One

half

cycle

30 c

ycle

s

M

om

en

tary

30 c

ycle

s

3 s

econds

T

em

po

rary

3 s

econds

1 m

inute

S

ho

rt D

ura

tio

n V

ari

atio

n(V

olta

ge

)

1

min

ute

7ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

CBEMA andITI Curves

C

BE

MA

Cu

rve

,

ad

ap

ted

fro

mIE

EE

44

6

In

form

atio

n

Te

ch

no

log

y

Ind

ustr

yC

ou

ncil

(IT

IC)

gra

ph

8ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Interruption

Interruption

A

n inte

rruption

of a d

ura

tion

limite

dto

the

period

required

tore

sto

re s

erv

ice b

y

auto

matic

or

superv

isory

contr

olle

d

sw

itchin

gopera

tions

or

by

manual

sw

itchin

gat lo

cations

where

an o

pera

tor

is

imm

edia

tely

availa

ble

.

M

om

enta

ry, T

em

pora

ry, S

usta

ined

9ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Ride Through

Ride Through

M

easure

of th

e a

bili

ty o

f contr

ol devic

es to

susta

in o

pera

tion w

hen s

ubje

cte

d to p

art

ial

or

tota

l lo

ss o

f pow

er

of a s

pecifie

d

dura

tion

10

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Recovery Time

Recovery Time

In

terv

al re

quired for

outp

ut voltage o

r

curr

ent to

retu

rn to a

valu

e w

ithin

specific

ations a

fter

ste

p load o

r lin

e

changes.

11

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Sources

Sourcesof of Sags

Sagsand

andInterruptions

Interruptions

G

enera

llycaused

by:

F

au

lts

(sh

ort

cct)

M

oto

r S

tart

-u

p

A

rc/

La

dle

Fu

rna

ce

s

M

iso

pe

ratio

n

12

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Sources

Sourcesof of Sags

Sagsand

andInterruptions

Interruptions

13

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Estimating

EstimatingVoltage

VoltageSag

SagPerformance

Performance

D

ete

rmin

e:

S

ag

sre

su

ltfr

om

tra

nsm

issio

nsyste

m

S

ag

sre

su

ltfr

om

dis

trib

utio

nsyste

m

E

qu

ipm

en

tse

nsitiv

ity

tovo

lta

ge

sa

gs

E

valu

ate

the

econom

ics

of diffe

rent

solu

tions

14

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Area

Areaof of Vulnerability

Vulnerability

A

rea

of

vu

lne

rab

ility

V

olta

ge

sa

gri

de

thro

ug

hca

pa

bili

ty

M

ay b

e d

ete

rmin

ed

fro

mh

isto

rica

ld

ata

15

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Equipment

EquipmentSensitive

SensitivetotoVoltage

VoltageSags

Sags

M

ostE

ffective:

D

ura

tio

na

nd

ma

gn

itu

de

Less

Effective:

P

ha

se

sh

ift, u

nb

ala

nce

, m

issin

gvo

lta

ge

, e

tc..

16

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Equipment

EquipmentSensitive

SensitivetotoVoltage

VoltageSags

Sags

E

quip

mentsensitiv

eto

magnitude

U

nd

erv

olta

ge

rela

ys,

pro

ce

ss

co

ntr

ol, A

SD

E

quip

mentsensitiv

eto

magnitude

and

dura

tion

E

lectr

on

icp

ow

er

su

pp

lies

E

quip

mentsensitiv

eto

oth

er

chara

cte

ristics

17

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Sag

SagPerformance

PerformanceEvaluation

Evaluation

T

ransm

issio

n

Syste

m

In

terc

on

ne

ctio

n

T

ran

sfo

rme

r

Co

nn

ectio

ns

V

olta

ge

Sa

g

Typ

es

18

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Sag

SagPerformance

PerformanceEvaluation

Evaluation

V

oltage

Sa

gT

ypes

in t

he

transm

issio

nsyste

m

19

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Sag

SagPerformance

PerformanceEvaluation

Evaluation

D

istr

ibution

Level:

A

ffe

cte

dfr

om

tra

nsm

issio

na

lso

U

tilit

yp

rote

ctio

nsch

em

e

V

olta

ge

sa

gp

erf

orm

an

ce

:

Num

ber

of fe

eders

A

vera

ge

feeder

length

A

vera

ge

feeder

reacta

nce

S

hort

circuit

equ

iva

len

tre

acta

nce

at th

esubsta

ion

F

eed

er

reacto

rs(ifany)

F

au

lthis

tory

20

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Sag

SagPerformance

PerformanceEvaluation

Evaluation

F

au

lts

on p

ara

llela

nd

sam

efe

eders

,

E

sam

e/p

ara

llel:

perf

orm

ance

for

ride

thro

ugh

vo

ltag

eof

vs

E

int:

Inte

rruption

perf

.

N

1&

N3: fa

ult

perf

orm

ance

data

(S

LG

,

3LG

)

L

int:

circuit

mile

sof

exposure

toS

LG

and

3LG

33

11

)(

ss

ssame

EN

EN

vE

+

=

33

11

)(

pp

sparallel

EN

EN

vE

+

=

)(

)(

31

int

int

NN

Lv

Es

+

=

21

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Principles

Principlesof of Protection

Protection

Incre

asin

gC

ost

Custo

mer

Solu

tions

Utilit

yS

olu

tions

Ove

rall

Pro

tection

Insid

e

Pla

nt

Contr

ols

Pro

tection

Equip

ment

Specific

ations

12

34

22

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Solutions

Solutionsat at the

theEnd

EndUser

UserLevel

Level

O

ptim

um

solu

tion

necessary

P

rote

ction

for

sm

all

loa

ds

(up

to5kV

A)

P

rote

ction

for

indiv

idual/gro

ups

of

equip

ment(u

pto

300kV

A)

P

rote

ction

for

larg

egro

ups

of lo

ad

(LV

)

P

rote

ction

at th

eM

V o

rH

V levelor

on the

supply

level

23

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Solutions

Solutionsat at the

theEnd

EndUser

UserLevel

Level

F

err

ore

so

na

nt

Tra

nsfo

rme

rs

M

ag

ne

tic

Syn

the

siz

ers

A

ctive

Seri

es

Co

mp

en

sa

tors

U

PS

M

oto

r-G

en

era

tor

Se

ts

F

lyw

he

elE

ne

rgy

Sto

rag

e

S

up

erc

on

du

ctin

gM

ag

ne

tic

En

erg

yS

tora

ge

(SM

ES

)

T

ran

sfe

r S

witch

es

24

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Ferroresonant

FerroresonantTransformers

Transformers

1

:1 t

ran

sfo

rme

rs

excite

don

hig

h

sa

tura

tio

n

F

or

co

nsta

nt,

lo

w

po

we

rlo

ad

s

25

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Magnetic

MagneticSynthesizers

Synthesizers

S

imila

rto

Consta

ntV

oltage

Tra

ns. (C

VT

)

T

hre

ephase

A

bout15-2

00 k

VA

E

nerg

yis

sto

red

in s

atu

rate

dre

acto

rand

capacitor

26

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Active

ActiveSeries

SeriesCompensators

Compensators

S

tatic

De

vic

e

F

ew

kV

Ato

few

MV

A

F

ast

(qu

art

er

cycle

)

resp

on

se

tim

e

C

an

pro

vid

eb

oo

stin

g

ab

ou

t5

0%

27

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

OnOn-- Line

LineUPS

UPS

T

he

loa

dis

alw

ays

fed

th

rou

gh

UP

S

N

o t

ran

sfe

r tim

e

E

xce

llen

tri

de

-th

rou

gh

P

rote

cts

the

loa

dfr

om

po

we

rlin

e

dis

turb

an

ce

s

B

att

eri

es

Lin

e

Rectifie

rIn

ve

rte

r

Ba

ttery

Ban

k

Man

ual

Bypa

ss

Loa

d

28

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Standby

StandbyUPS

UPS

O

ff-l

ine

T

ran

sfe

r tim

e 4

mS

L

oa

dis

no

t p

rote

cte

d

fro

mtr

an

sie

nts

N

o r

eg

ula

tio

n

29

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Hybrid

HybridUPS

UPS

V

olta

ge

Re

gu

latio

n

M

om

en

tary

rid

e

thro

ug

h

30

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Motor

Motor --Generator

GeneratorSets

Sets

E

ne

rgy

is s

tore

din

in

ert

ia,

usu

ally

flyw

he

els

L

osse

s

N

ois

ea

nd

ma

inte

na

nce

O

utp

ut

fre

qu

en

cy!

N

ot

su

ita

ble

for

som

elo

ad

s

U

pto

15

Se

cs

31

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Flywheel

FlywheelEnergy

EnergyStorage

Storage

10s to

2 m

ins

ride

thro

ugh

In

vacuum

, hig

hspeed

(10000 r

pm

),

pow

er

ele

ctr

onic

s

R

oto

r is

both

machin

eand

genera

tor

32

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Superconducting

SuperconductingMagnetic

MagneticEnergy

Energy

Storage

Storage(SMES)

(SMES)

S

ma

llfo

otp

rin

t

F

ast

U

nlim

ite

dd

uty

cycle

R

ech

arg

ele

ss

tha

n

90

s

4

.2K

te

mp

era

ture

U

pto

3 M

jou

les

33

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Transfer

Transfer Switches

Switches

2 c

ycle

sw

ith

vacuum

bre

akers

S

tatic

sw

itches

aboutquart

er

cycle

34

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Dynamic

DynamicVoltage

VoltageRestorer

Restorer(DVR)

(DVR)

S

tatic

Syste

m

F

ast

35

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Ride

RideThrough

ThroughAlternatives

Alternatives

C

hara

cte

rize

syste

mP

Q p

erf

orm

ance

E

stim

ate

cost

C

hara

cte

rize

costand

effectiveness

P

erf

orm

econom

icalanaly

sis

36

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Cost

CostEstimation

Estimation

P

roductre

late

dlo

sses

Labor

rela

ted

losses

A

ncill

ary

cost(r

epair, lo

stopport

unitie

s,

penaltie

s)

37

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Costs

Costs

0,1

Sag

with

min

. V

.

betw

ee

n70%

-

90%

0,4

Sag

with

min

. V

.

betw

ee

n50%

-

70%

0,8

Sag

with

min

. V

.

Belo

w5

0%

1In

terr

uption

Weig

htin

gfo

r

econom

ic

Analy

sis

Cate

gory

2,3

Tota

l

0,1

10

,1S

ag

with

min

.

V.

be

twe

en

70

% -

90%

0,4

10

,4S

ag

with

min

.

V.

be

twe

en

50

% -

70%

0,8

10

,8S

ag

with

min

.

V.

Be

low

50

%

11

1In

terr

up

tion

Tota

lE

vent

# p

er

yea

r

Weig

ht

Cate

gory

38

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Costs

Costs

39

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Costs

Costs

40

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Motor

Motor Starting

StartingSags

Sags

M

ay b

e in the

range

of 15%

-30 %

M

ay b

e u

pto

many

seconds

M

ore

dra

matic

case

for

moto

r gro

up

sta

rt-u

ps

41

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Motor

Motor Starting

StartingSolutions

Solutions

A

uto

transfo

rmers

R

esis

tance-

reacta

nce

sta

rters

P

art

win

din

gsta

rters

D

elta w

ye

sta

rters

S

tatic

sta

rters

A

SD

42

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

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ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

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PowerQuality

Quality

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43

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

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ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

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ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

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ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

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ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

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ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

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ElectronicsEngineering

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ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

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ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

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ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

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Reclosing

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48

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

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ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Reliability

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50

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

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Sectionalizing

51

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

Increased

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Sectionalizing

52

ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

Quality

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ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

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ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

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ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

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ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

andElectronics

ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

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PowerQuality

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HW I

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ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

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ElectronicsEngineering

Engineering; ; Electrical

ElectricalPower

PowerQuality

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ELE 789:

ELE 789: Special

SpecialTopics

Topicsin

in Electrical

Electricaland

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ElectronicsEngineering

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ForFurther

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