EGYPT: The Land Of Mysteries

EGYPT: The Land Of Mysteries

Geography of Egypt: LocationsEgyptLuxorSuez CanalIsraelMemphisLake NasserSaudi ArabiaThebesAswan DamLower EgyptRosettaRed SeaUpper Egypt*CairoNileNile DeltaAlexandriaGulf of SuezLibyaGizaMediterranean SeaJordanKarnakRosettaSudanSinai Valley of the Kings

Ancient Egypt Where is Egypt located? Northeastern Africa along Nile ValleyWhy was Egypt called The Gift of the Nile? longest river in the world 4,200 milesIts banks overflowed hence, making the land fertileTradeWhat was the Nileometer ? Used to measure the height of the Nile to control flooding

Ancient Egypt Continued What discovery opened the way for the study of the Egyptian history? Rosetta StoneWhat was Rosetta Stone?Is a Basalt Slab inscribed by priest in hieroglyphics1799 Napoleon troops found it and Jean Champollion translated the stone

Readings: Human HeritageDelta:a fan-shaped area of fertile landCataracts:Physical borders- desert, sea, waterfallsShadoof-a machine to lift water from the Nile to the basins

Uniting Upper and Lower EgyptWho unified Egypt?NarmerThree Major Periods in Egyptian history1. Old Kingdom / Age of Pyramid 2. Middle Kingdom / Age of the Nobles3. New Kingdom / Age of the Empire

Old KingdomWhat are the three seasons in Egypt?1.Flooding2.Coming Forth 3.HarvestDuring the Old Kingdom, Egyptian rulers acquired extensive power.

Theories of building a pyramidSiteResearchGiza

BlueprintImhotep

Theories cont.Workers are assembledAfter the HarvestPaid: food, clothes Tools

Site is cleared

Theories: cont.Stones are made at the quarries and moved to the siteAcross the Nile RiverLimestone: stone cutters

Stones are placedSleds/ rollers

Theories cont.Capstone is raisedGoldStart to dismantle the ramps and polish stones

Pyramid is built40 stories, 23 years, 2 million stones: KhufusThree theories to building pyramids1. Single ramp system2. Wrap around ramp system3. Combinations of the single and wrap around ramp system

Movie: PyramidsWho was Osiris? - Reign over King of the dead -Isis was his wife - Killed by Seth Who was Maat? - Harmony in society - Idea of the Universe in perfect harmony Who was Kafre? - Believed to be Sphinx - Son of Khufu

Pyramid Con. Who was Khufu? - Pharaoh of Egypt - Great pyramid at Giza built for him - Cartouche - Oval around Pharaohs name What was ka? - Soul - Spiritual part

Procedures of MummificationMummification- process of preserving the bodyNatron- dehydrated the bodyCanopic Jars- containers for organsWhat did they do with the brain?Resin- preserved the bandagesSarcophagus- coffinsOld Kingdom Quiz: TERMSEgyptKAResinNileometerBAKafreNarmerImhotepHerodotusPyramid TheoryRosetta StoneDynastyYoungPharaohHieroglyphicsCartoucheMaatMummificationKhufuNatronReasons for the decline of the Old Kingdom1. Heavy Taxes2. People lose loyalty to the Pharaohs3. Civil Wars

MIDDLE KINGDOM or AGE OF THE NOBLESGovt officials take overPharaohs lose powerThe start of the Valley of the KingsHyksos invade Egypt

New Kingdom or Age of the EmpireAhmose, an Egyptian prince defeated the Hyksos and started the New Kingdom.

Hatshepsut

Thutmose III

Amenhotep IV

Tutankhamon

Ramses IINew Kingdom:Hatshepsut:She built obelisks and a magnificent tomb. She was interested in trade. She was one of the first women rulers in history. She was known as the bearded queen. Egypt grew rich during her reign.

Thutmose IIIHe was referred to as the Napoleon of Egypt. He conquered Palestine, Syria and Phoenicia. He created the largest empire Egypt has ever seen. He was buried at the Valley of the Kings. There is some confusion on the defacing of Hatshepsuts tombs.New Kingdom:Amenhotep IV-He wanted to return all power back to the Pharaohs. He fired all temple workers and closed the temples. He changed the religion of Egypt to Monotheism. The worship of Aton. He changes his name to Akhenaton. Tutankhamon-He became the Pharaoh at the age of 9. He was forced to return Egypt to Polytheism and open the temples. His tomb was discovered by Howard Carter. The dig was paid by Lord Carnarvon. The tomb was discovered in the Valley of the Kings. ( Mummies Curse)New Kingdom:Ramses II-He was known for building monuments. He fought against the Hittites. They signed the first written treaty in history. He was the Pharaoh when Moses led the Exodus. He is the best preserved mummy.Review Sheets Where is Egypt? Northeastern Africa Who called Egypt the Gift of the Nile? Why? Herodotus father of history one of the first to record historyWhat are the three Seasons? Flooding, Coming forth, harvestNileometer Use to measure the height of the NileRosetta Stone Three writing system *Greek *Demonic *Hieroglyphics; Thomas Young; Jean Champollion; Discovered by Napoleon Troops Narmer- unified upper and lower EgyptThree Historical periods- Old Kingdom or Age of Pyramid, Middle Kingdom or Age of Nobles, and New Kingdom or Age of EmpireHieroglyphics- picture writingsPapyrus- paperPharaoh- great houseMummification- process of preserving the bodyTheories of building the pyramids- 1. single ramp 2. wrap around 3. combination of the twoValley of the Kings- tombs in Upper Egypt Hyksos- invaded Egypt using chariotsKa- soulBa- bodyMaat- harmony in societyWhat was the purpose of jewelry? ProtectionCartouche- oval around Pharaohs nameHatshepsut-Thutmose III-Amenhotep IV-Tutankhamen-Ramses II-