EGYPT: The Land Of Mysteries

Geography of Egypt: LocationsEgypt Luxor Suez CanalIsrael Memphis Lake NasserSaudi Arabia Thebes Aswan DamLower Egypt Rosetta Red SeaUpper Egypt *Cairo NileNile Delta Alexandria Gulf of SuezLibya Giza Mediterranean SeaJordan Karnak RosettaSudan Sinai Valley of the Kings

Ancient Egypt Where is Egypt located?

Northeastern Africa along Nile ValleyWhy was Egypt called “The Gift of the Nile”?

longest river in the world – 4,200 milesIt’s banks overflowed hence, making the

land fertileTrade

What was the “Nileometer” ? Used to measure the height of the Nile

to control flooding

Ancient Egypt Continued What discovery opened the way for the

study of the Egyptian history? Rosetta Stone

What was Rosetta Stone?Is a Basalt Slab inscribed by priest in

hieroglyphics1799 Napoleon troops found it and Jean Champollion translated the stone

Readings: Human HeritageDelta:a fan-shaped area of fertile landCataracts:Physical borders- desert, sea, waterfallsShadoof-a machine to lift water from the Nile to the

basins

Uniting Upper and Lower EgyptWho unified Egypt?

NarmerThree Major Periods in Egyptian history

1. Old Kingdom / Age of Pyramid 2. Middle Kingdom / Age of the Nobles

3. New Kingdom / Age of the Empire

Old Kingdom What are the three seasons in Egypt?

1.Flooding2.Coming Forth 3.Harvest

During the Old Kingdom, Egyptian rulers acquired extensive power.

Theories of building a pyramidSiteResearchGiza

BlueprintImhotep

Theories cont.Workers are assembledAfter the HarvestPaid: food, clothes Tools

Site is cleared

Theories: cont.

Stones are made at the quarries and moved to the site

Across the Nile RiverLimestone: stone cutters

Stones are placedSleds/ rollers

Theories cont.

Capstone is raisedGoldStart to dismantle the ramps and

polish stones

Pyramid is built40 stories, 23 years, 2 million stones:

Khufu’s

Three theories to building pyramids

1. Single ramp system2. Wrap around ramp system3. Combinations of the single and

wrap around ramp system

Movie: Pyramids

Who was Osiris? - Reign over King of the dead -Isis was his wife - Killed by Seth Who was Ma’at? - Harmony in society - Idea of the Universe in perfect harmony Who was Kafre? - Believed to be Sphinx - Son of Khufu

Pyramid Con.

Who was Khufu? - Pharaoh of Egypt - Great pyramid at Giza built for him - Cartouche - Oval around Pharaohs name What was ka? - Soul - Spiritual part

Procedures of Mummification

Mummification- process of preserving the body

Natron- dehydrated the bodyCanopic Jars- containers for organsWhat did they do with the brain?Resin- preserved the bandagesSarcophagus- coffins

Old Kingdom Quiz: TERMSEgypt KA ResinNileometer BA KafreNarmer ImhotepHerodotus Pyramid TheoryRosetta Stone DynastyYoung PharaohHieroglyphics CartoucheMa’at MummificationKhufu Natron

Reasons for the decline of the Old Kingdom1. Heavy Taxes2. People lose loyalty to the Pharaohs3. Civil Wars

MIDDLE KINGDOM or AGE OF THE NOBLES

Gov’t officials take overPharaohs lose powerThe start of the Valley of the KingsHyksos invade Egypt

New Kingdom or Age of the Empire

Ahmose, an Egyptian prince defeated the Hyksos and started the New Kingdom.

Hatshepsut

Thutmose III

Amenhotep IV

Tutankhamon

Ramses II

New Kingdom:Hatshepsut:

She built obelisks and a magnificent tomb. She was interested in trade. She was one of the first women rulers in history. She was known as the bearded queen. Egypt grew rich during her reign.

Thutmose IIIHe was referred to as the Napoleon of Egypt. He conquered Palestine, Syria and Phoenicia. He created the largest empire Egypt has ever seen. He was buried at the Valley of the Kings. There is some confusion on the defacing of Hatshepsut’s tombs.

New Kingdom:Amenhotep IV-

He wanted to return all power back to the Pharaoh’s. He fired all temple workers and closed the temples. He changed the religion of Egypt to Monotheism. The worship of Aton. He changes his name to Akhenaton.

Tutankhamon-He became the Pharaoh at the age of 9. He was forced to return Egypt to Polytheism and open the temples. His tomb was discovered by Howard Carter. The dig was paid by Lord Carnarvon. The tomb was discovered in the Valley of the Kings. ( Mummies Curse)

New Kingdom:Ramses II-

He was known for building monuments. He fought against the Hittites. They signed the first written treaty in history. He was the Pharaoh when Moses led the Exodus. He is the best preserved mummy.

Review Sheets Where is Egypt? – Northeastern Africa Who called Egypt the “Gift of the Nile”? Why? Herodotus – father of history – one of the first

to record historyWhat are the three Seasons? Flooding,

Coming forth, harvestNileometer – Use to measure the height of the

NileRosetta Stone – Three writing system *Greek

*Demonic *Hieroglyphics; Thomas Young; Jean Champollion; Discovered by Napoleon Troops

Narmer- unified upper and lower EgyptThree Historical periods- Old Kingdom or Age of

Pyramid, Middle Kingdom or Age of Nobles, and New Kingdom or Age of Empire

Hieroglyphics- picture writingsPapyrus- paperPharaoh- “great house”Mummification- process of preserving the bodyTheories of building the pyramids- 1. single

ramp 2. wrap around 3. combination of the twoValley of the Kings- tombs in Upper Egypt Hyksos- invaded Egypt using chariotsKa- soulBa- body

Ma’at- harmony in societyWhat was the purpose of jewelry? ProtectionCartouche- oval around Pharaoh’s nameHatshepsut-Thutmose III-Amenhotep IV-Tutankhamen-Ramses II-