Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman...
Transcript of Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman...
![Page 1: Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key Issues Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995. P.M. Chapman –EVS Environment Consultants.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070310/552fc0fe497959413d8bb857/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ecotoxicology and Pollution-Key IssuesMarine
Pollution Bulletin 31:167-177, 1995.
• P.M. Chapman– EVS Environment Consultants
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Mapa Conceitual do Artigo
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O que é e onde está a Ecotoxicologia
• Ecotoxicologia é o estudo dos efeitos de contaminantes e poluentes sobre as comunidades biológicas.
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Contaminação x Poluição
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Como começaram os ensaios ?
• Grandes problemas ambientais sem solução. TLM 50 para tentar investigar tais problemas.
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AVALIAÇÃO DE RISCO DE SUBSTÂNCIAS QUÍMICAS:
MARGENS DE SEGURANÇA
Concentração preditiva que não causa efeito (PNEC)
Maior concentração observada sem efeito(NOEC)
Efeito agudo EC50
10-1
102
101
103
100
104
Freqüência de respostas
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Reativo x Próativo
• Mudança gradual de um pensamento reativo para um proativo.
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Alvos fisiológicos (endpoints) e seus significados
• Efeitos agudos: Mortalidade e Imobilidade
• Efeitos crônicos: Crescimento, reprodução, fecundidade...
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Três grandes problemas ambientais
• Efeitos físicos: alterações e perda de hábitat
• Efeitos Biológicos: Introdução de espécies exóticas
• Efeitos químicos: Poluição
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Testes atuais x testes do passado
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Testes atuais e alvos fisiológicos e desenvolvimento de novos testes
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Vias de exposição e comparação de informações
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Testes com efeitos reprodutivos
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Variabilidade aceitável em resultados de ensaios de ecotoxicidade
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Diferenças entre alvos fisiológicos
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Concentração externa x Concentração interna
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Estabelecendo novas hipóteses
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Integrando toxicidade e outras informações
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Validação, verificação e extrapolação
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Ecotoxicologia e Política