E-WASTE E-WASTE NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENTNUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT

A.HARISH KUMAR

I M.TECH BIOTECHNOLOGY

2014402008ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

DEFINITIONDEFINITION

• Electronic waste may be defined discarded electrical or electronic devices.

Study conducted recently by IMRB• E- waste generated in India 332,979 MT (2007)• E- waste imported 50,000 MT (2007)• Available for recycling and refurbishing 144,143 MT (2007)• Approx E-waste processed. 19,000 MT (2007)

CATEGORIES OF E-WASTECATEGORIES OF E-WASTE

Consumer electronics: Consumer electronics:

TV – LCD LED ,Refrigerator, Washing Machine, Air-Conditioners etc.,

IT and telecommunicationIT and telecommunication equipment:equipment:

Computers, Printers, Scanners, Mobile phones, Ink cartilages , Batteries, Typewriters etc.,

E-WASTE TOXINS AND E-WASTE TOXINS AND AFFECTED BODY PARTSAFFECTED BODY PARTS

COMPONENTS CONSTITUENTS AFFECTED BODY PARTS

Printed circuit boards Lead and cadmium Nervous system, kidney, lever

Motherboards Berillium Lungs, skin

Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) Lead oxide, barium and cadmium

Heart, lever, muscles

Switches and flat-screen monitors

Mercury Brain, skin

Computer batteries Cadmium Kidney, lever

Capacitors and transformers Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

Printed circuit boards, plastic

Brominated flame-retardant casings cable

Cable insulation/coating Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Immune system

Plastic housing Bromine Endocrine

INFORMATION SECURITY INFORMATION SECURITY

• Potential security threat to

individuals and exporting countries. Hard drives not properly erased, exposing sensitive information.

E-WASTE MANAGEMENTE-WASTE MANAGEMENT

1. E-waste collection, sorting and transportation.

2. E-waste recycling- dismantling, recovery of valuable resource, sale of dismantled parts and export of processed waste for precious metal recovery .

ex: Copper, silver, gold

and platinum.

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NUCLEAR WASTENUCLEAR WASTE

• Radioactive wastes are wastes that contain radioactive material.

• Radioactive wastes are usually by-products of nuclear power generation and other applications of nuclear fission or nuclear technology, such as research and medicine

• The materials are either naturally occurring or man-made.

IMPORTANT TERMS IMPORTANT TERMS

• Radioactivity - spontaneous disintegration of an unstable atomic nucleus, usually accompanied by the emission of ionizing radiation.

• The radioactivity of nuclear waste decreases with the passage of time, through radioactive decay.

• Half life – amount of time necessary to decrease the radioactivity to one-half the original amount.

• The longer the half-life, the less intense the radiation. Iodine -131 (8days),Pu -240 (6560 years),

Pu -239 (24,100 years)

NUCLEAR WASTE TYPESNUCLEAR WASTE TYPES

MILL TAILINGS WASTE• Residues remained after the processing of natural

ore to extract uranium and thorium.

MANAGEMENT– disposed in barrier of a material such as clay on top of the pile to prevent radon from escaping into the atmosphere and covering with soil, rocks or other materials to prevent erosion.

NUCLEAR WASTE TYPESNUCLEAR WASTE TYPES

HIGH LEVEL WASTE• Spent nuclear reactor fuel – ex: uranium 235.• Consist of small solid form fuel pellets in long metal

tubes.

NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENTNUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT

Longer half life, self –sustained fission.• Wet Storage - Barrier of Water, concrete, lead,

steel, depleted uranium or other suit- able materials used as radiation shielding

• Dry Storage - spent fuel is surrounded by inert gas inside a container metal or container called a cask.

NUCLEAR WASTE TYPESNUCLEAR WASTE TYPES

LOW LEVEL (OR) TRANSURANIC WASTE• Commercial radioactive wastes that are not high

level wastes or milling wastes.• Ex: Radioactively contaminated protective clothing,

tools, filters, rags, medical tubes etc.• MANAGEMENT - Commercial land disposal.

POTENTIAL FOR DISASTER!POTENTIAL FOR DISASTER!

• Chernobyl meltdown in the former Soviet Union.– Hundreds died from

radiation exposure.– Thousands

contracted cancers from high levels of radiation exposure.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

• It is important that we create a solid framework for the environmentally sound management of e-waste including wide public awareness and education.

REFERENCES • www.efymag.com• www.nrc.gov/.../br0216r2.pdf• www.nacintl.com/• www.moef.nic.in/

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