RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT: INDIAN SCENARIO

BY –ABHIJEET PANDA(13011092)

CONTENTS1. Introduction (Understanding of Nuclear waste, Sources of

Nuclear waste )2. Reasons of limiting Nuclear power plants And Impacts of

Nuclear waste –Health & Environment3. Why Nuclear power is called climate-friendly energy source?4. Classification of Nuclear waste on basis of radioactivity5. Nuclear Waste Management according to BHABHA ATOMIC

RESEARCH CENTRE6. Methods of Disposal (Practical and Impractical)7. Conclusion8. Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

• Any activity related to the nuclear fuel cycle, that produces or uses radioactive materials generates radioactive waste.

• Radioactive wastes are generated during various operations of the nuclear fuel cycle. Mining, nuclear power generation, and various processes in industry, defense, medicine and scientific research produce byproducts that include radioactive wastes.

REASONS OF LIMITING NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS AND DANGERS THAT SURROUND NUCLEAR WASTE DISPOSAL

• Long Half Life• Storage• Affects on Nature• Accidents/Natural • Terrorist Attack• Drinking water • Scavenging• Transportation• Expense• Health Effects

Nuclear_waste_flask_train

Nuclear waste container

STORED CONTAINER

RADIOACTIVE WASTE LEAKING FROM DAMAGED STORAGE DRUM

WHY NUCLEAR POWER IS CALLED CLIMATE-FRIENDLY ENERGY SOURCE?

IT GENERATES POWER WITHOUT RELEASING CARBON DIOXIDE.

CLASSIFICATION OF NUCLEAR WASTE ON BASIS OF RADIOACTIVITY• Radioactive waste can be in gas, liquid or solid form, and its level of radioactivity can vary.

• Depending on the level and nature of radioactivity, radioactive wastes can be classified as • Low Level Waste• Intermediate level waste And • High Level Waste.

VOLUME OF WASTE

LOW LEVELINTER-MEDIATE LEVELHIGH LEVEL

90

7 3

NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT ACCORDING TO BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE

As a waste management philosophy, utmost emphasis is given to waste minimization at all stages of design, operation and maintenance. For effective confinement, volume reduction is a key factor in the choice of technologies for use in radioactive waste management plants

1.IMMOBILISATION OF HIGH LEVEL LIQUID WASTE INTO VITRIFIED BOROSILICATE GLASSES

2. ENGINEERED INTERIM STORAGE OF THE VITRIFIED WASTE FOR PASSIVE COOLING & SURVEILLANCE OVER A PERIOD OF TIME, QUALIFYING IT FOR ULTIMATE DISPOSAL

3. ULTIMATE STORAGE/DISPOSAL OF THE VITRIFIED WASTE IN A DEEP GEOLOGICAL REPOSITORY.

TECHNOLOGY OF VITRIFICATION IN INDIA

•Pot melter used at Trombay •Joule Heated Ceramic Melter (JHCM) at Tarapur•Cold Crucible Induction Melting (CCIM)

METHODS OF DISPOSAL (PRACTICAL AND IMPRACTICAL)

• Above Ground Disposal• Geological Disposal• Deep bore hole disposal Impractical Methods• Ocean Disposal • Disposal at Subduction zone• Disposal in Outer space

DEEP BORE HOLE DISPOSAL

GEOLOGICAL REPOSITORY

_Low-level radioactive waste storage pit

CONCLUSION

•Radioactive waste disposal practices have changed substantially over the last twenty years. Evolving environmental protection considerations have provided the impetus to improve disposal technologies, and, in some cases, clean up facilities that are no longer in use. Designs for new disposal facilities and disposal methods must meet environmental protection and pollution prevention standards that are stricter than were foreseen at the beginning of the atomic age.

•Disposal of radioactive waste is a complex issue, not only because of the nature of the waste, but also because of the stringent regulatory structure for dealing with radioactive waste. India has achieved self-reliance in the management of all type of radioactive waste. Decades of safe and successful operation of our waste management facility stand testimony to international standards. An ongoing effort to upgrade technology to minimize radioactive discharge is also on.

SUBMITTED BY- ABHIJEET PANDA 13011092 CIVIL ,VSSUT

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTERNETJOURNAL BARC WEBSITEGOOGLE- IMAGES