Drexel Smart House Final Presentation

1LEARNING FROM SMART HOUSE

ARCH 491 - FALL 2012 – INSTRUCTORS SIMON TICKELL, PAUL SCHULTZ

12/10/12 Drexel Smart House 2012 2

How did we define our study?September 2012: • Budget constraints - Design for addition deferred.• Critical Stabilization required - masonry, windows & roof.• Application of Passive House principles.

Students Mission Statement: • A living lab to study energy usage on a college campus.• A test platform for sustainable technologies.• Flexible, easily adaptable infrastructure.• Monitor electrical, water and fuel usage.• A house that could inform students and neighbors alike.


What were our opportunities?Site – Connecting to the Neighborhood thru demonstrations of sustainable site strategies.

Interiors – Imagining new, flexible ways of inhabiting a building and improving indoor air quality

Enclosure – How to improve the performance of a 100 year old building shell?

Building Systems – Understanding energy use and developing effective strategies for using less.

Site Team Mission Statement Christopher Rafalowski, Tal Bubil, Rob Dlugos, Emily Burchill

Create a site plan that enriches research, understanding, and community involvement through creating multi-use garden spaces, dynamic outdoor spaces, and an entrance way that holistically contributes smart ideas and green resources while meeting ADA standards.

• Guide rainwater collection into rain garden areas• Construct a multipurpose ‘demo-deck’ • Design a cohesive and inviting ramp

for students and faculty


“Demo-deck”

• Outdoor classroomo Used for demonstration purposeso Perform environmental studies

• Community gathering area• Area to overlook rain-garden• Symbol of possible addition


The Ramp

ADA Guidelines• Anything over 1:20 is a ramp• Max 1:12• Max Rise for a run is 20”• Min. W = 36”

o Landings o W= W of runo Min. 60”o Switchback requires 60” x 60”o Min. 60”

Smart House Ramp Design• Finished Floor Plan Elevation- 97.71• Ramp “Z” and “L” start at 92.99• “U” start at 92.69


Rain Garden Plant Selection

Recommended Plants for PA Rain Garden• Butterfly weed, Asclepias tuberosa• Swamp milkweed, Asclepias tuberosa• Cardinal Flower, Lobelia cardinalis• Great blue Lobelia, Lobelia siphilitica• Bee balm, Monarda didyma• Threadleaf corepsis, Coreopsis verticillata• Blazing star, Liatric Spicata• Eastern coneflower, Rudbeckia fulgida• Blue flag, Iris versicolor• Cinnamon fern, Osmunda cinnamea• Tussock sedge, Carex stricta• Spicebush, Lindera benzoin


5

Sun Study

Drexel Smart House 201212/03/12

Site Plan Option One“U-Ramp”


Option One West Elevation


Site Plan Option Two“L-Ramp”


Option Two Sections

Drexel Smart House 201212/03/12 9

East West Section

North South Section

Site Plan Option Three“Z-Ramp”



ENCLOSURE TEAMINTRODUCTION

PRESENTATION OUTLINEINTRODUCTION

-TEAM MEMBERS & TOPICS OF DISCUSSION

-GOALS & OBJECTIVESCLIMATE ZONESDRAWINGS

- PLANS - SECTIONS

- WALL TYPESPROPOSED RECOMMENDATIONSCALCULATIONS & COSTMECHANICAL DOWNSIZING: GREEN BENEFITS

MISSION STATEMENT

The mission of the Enclosures Team is to retrofit the existing building structure with a system that will:

OBJECTIVES

Improve energy efficiency

Control air flow

Minimize water infiltration

Enable downsizing of mechanical systems

Glenn Mancini Sonia Oliveros Matt Burns


ENCLOSURE TEAMCLIMATE ZONE

GEOGRAPHIC AREAThe map indicates Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is

located in the Mixed-Humid Zone, which is

Climate Zone 4.

A mixed-humid climate region receives more

than 20 in. of annual precipitation

And the average monthly outdoor temperature

drops below 45 degrees F during winter

months.

16

ENCLOSURE TEAMPLANS

12/10/12 - Drexel Smart House 2012

BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN

17

ENCLOSURE TEAMPLANS

12/10/12 Drexel Smart House 2012

SECOND FLOOR PLAN THIRD FLOOR PLAN

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ENCLOSURE TEAMSECTIONS


CROSS SECTION

19

ENCLOSURE TEAMSECTIONS

ATTRIBED TO (12 PT)


LONGITUDINAL SECTION


ENCLOSURE TEAMWALL TYPES

EXISTING CONDITIONS



OPTION 1: OLAYA STUDIOS



OPTION 2: PASSIVE HOUSE



OPTION 3: REALISTIC

12/10/12 - Drexel Smart House 2012 24

ENCLOSURE TEAMPROPOSED RECOMMENDATIONS

buildingscience.com) great building scientists

Super Insulation or Deep Energy Retrofit (DER)?A Deep Energy Retrofit project upgrades an existing building with super insulation and other efficiency improvements.Very high levels of insulation (typically R40 walls and R60 roof R20 in the basement walls and R10 under the basement floor)

There are a few key elements of super insulating a house:Super insulated buildings typically include:

High R-Value or Low Thermal Heat Loss CoefficientThe heat loss through a regular construction is characterized by the thermal heat loss coefficient or U-value.Achieve R-Values of 22 – 60 on all external walls, slab foundation and roofs.

Reducing Thermal Bridging Heat will flow through the path of least resistance such as wood, metal or certain foundation materials.

Airtight Construction Airtight construction, especially around doors and windowsBuilding an airtight thermal envelope is important for energy savings, humidity control and ensuring the longevity of the building structure.

High Efficiency WindowsWindows must be extremely efficient as well to complement the super insulation. Recommend triple pane R5 Windows.

Air-tight construction - keep your cash from leaking thru your home. R-35 walls - Keep that cold out R-50 Roof – Keep that heat in.


ENCLOSURE TEAMPROPOSED RECOMMENDATIONS Rock Wool + XPS (Extruded polystyrene)

• Cannot absorb water so the R-value is not affected• Stone wool is water repellent yet vapor permeable. • Does not support mold or fungal growthFire ResistantStone wool can withstand temperatures up to 2150º F (1177º C). ASTM E136Sound AbsorptionThe non-directional fiber orientation of the stone wool helps the absorption of acoustic waves.Dimensional StabilityStone wool retains it’s characteristics unaltered over time.

Joists or structural framing pocketed into the brick should be protected by wrapping the end with bitumen flashing to stop it from soaking up water from the brick.


ENCLOSURE TEAMPROPOSED RECOMMENDATIONS

VAPOR BARRIERSFUNCTIONS OF VAPOR BARRIERS

TYPICALLY A PLASTIC OR FOIL SHEET

USED TO REDUCE THE RATE AT WHICH WATER VAPOR CAN MOVE THROUGH A SPACE

RESIST DIFFUSION OF MOISTURE THROUGH WALLS, CEILING, AND FLOOR ASSEMBLIES

AIR BARRIERSFUNCTIONS OF AIR BARRIERS

SLOW THE MIGRATION OF AIR.

CONTROL AIR LEAKAGE INTO AND OUT OF THE BUILDING ENVELOPE

CREATE A SEALED BUILDING ENVELOPE

APPROPRIATE AIR BARRIERS INCLUDE AVB MEMBRANES, GYPSUM BOARD, OSB, PLYWOOD

CRITICAL POINTS

AIR BARRIER MUST BE CONTINUOUS AND UNINTERRUPTED THROUGHOUT THE BUILDING ENVELOPE AND AT PENETRATIONS

MUST BE INSTALLED IN THE CORRECT LOCATION(S) WITHIN THE WALL ASSEMBLY

12/10 /2012Glenn Mancini- Drexel Smart House 2012 27

ENCLOSURE TEAMCALCULATIONS & COST

Insulation Type Material Safety R Permeability Cost Green Fiberglass Spunglass fiber supports combustion 3.05/in Absorbs moisture $ Formaldehyde Closed/Open cell foam petroleum supports combustion 3.6/6.5 /in Non/semi $$$ Some fungicide Natural volcanic basalt hydrophobic material Stone wool rock and recycled slag Non combustible 4.1/in Vapor permeable $$ Zero Waste to Landfill XPS (Extruded Polystyrene) petroleum Meets ASTM C 578 Type X 5/in low vapor permeance $$ petroleum-based chemicals

Cellulose Pulp products Class A fire rated 3.8/in Very high Hygroscopic $$ 82% Recycled Content

For maximum benefits all insulation requires careful detailed installation.


ENCLOSURE TEAMMECHANICAL DOWNSIZING: GREEN BENEFITSA smart insulation plan will allow a much smaller than conventional heating system, sometimes just a small backup heater Smaller HVAC systems can actually provide greater comfort and lower the homeowner's energy costs.

Keeps your cash from leaking thru your home. R- 22 - 35 walls - Keep that cold out R-60 Roof – Keep that heat in.

Reducing the energy use and greenhouse gas emissions produced by buildings is fundamental to the effort to slow the pace of global climate change.


GOALS

DEFINE A REALISTIC ENERGY BUDGET

DESIGN A FLEXIBLE ENVIRONMENT WHERE VARIOUS SYSTEMS CAN BE TESTED

SUGGEST A STRATEGY FOR ENERGY USE FEEDBACK TO OCCUPANTS

EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE OF SUGGESTED MECHANICAL OPTIONS

MICHAEL MAGEE, CHRISTOPHER TRETINA, NEIL CAMPBELL & HAL KESSLER

MECHANICAL TEAM

Drexel Smart House 2012

ENERGY BUDGET

30

BASELINE PASSIVE HOUSE

17.25 [BTU/hr-ft2] 3.17 [BTU/hr-ft2]

Olaya Specifications≤ 3.17 [BTU/hr-ft2] or ≤ 4.75 [kBTU/ft2-yr]

12/10/12

PASSIVE

PROPOSED

BASELINE

8.28

4.52

1.76

49.11

40.09

22.92

80.08

60.09

26.89

R-VALUE

WINDOWS WALLS ROOF

31

ENERGY BUDGET

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

0.02

0.5

0.77

ACH

ACH @50 Pascals

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

3.17

10.25

17.25

SPACE HEATING LOAD

kBTU/hr-ft2


FIXED VS. FLEXIBLESYSTEMS & METERING

IMAGE ATTRIBUTED TO HK

KEY FEATURES ALL FIXTURES ARE FLEXIBLE AND CAN BE SWITCHED OUT FOR TESTING

PIPING, WIRING, & FEEDBACK LOOP ARE FIXED

ALL ENERGY & WATER USE IS METERED FOR USER FEEDBACK

AUTOMATED ADJUSTMENTS TO HVAC/LIGHTING BASED ON SENSORS

SOLAR HOT WATER

LEGEND FLEXIBLE METER SENSOR


ELECTRICAL USE PER SPACE

DOMESTIC SUPPLY

SANITARY LINE

VENT VENT

M

MM

M

M

M

M

M

M

LAVATORYWATER CLOSET SHOWER LAUNDRY

DASHBOARD

CISTERN

CISTERNTREATMENT

M

RECEPTACLES M

OVERFLOW

OCCUPANCY S

S

TEMPERATURE S

PRESSURE SPER SPACE

HVAC

LIGHTING

ROOF LEADER

TO GARDEN

DASH BOARD

M


FIXED VS. FLEXIBLEFEEDBACK

IMAGE ATTRIBUTED TO WWW.LUCIDDESIGNGROUP.COM

KEEPS TRACK OF ELECTRICITY USE BY SPACE

CALCULATES THE AMOUNT OF SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTED

KEEPS TRACK THE AMOUNT OF WATER USED

KEEPS TRACK OF GREY WATER COLLECTED

SUGGESTED FEATURES KEY FOB ACCESS TO PLUMBING FIXTURES FOR REPORTING

MONTHLY WATER USE REPORTS ISSUED TO INDIVIDUALS

-INCLUDES SHOWER, SINKS, TOILET & LAUNDRY

MONTHLY ELECTRIC USE REPORTS ISSUED TO FLOORS

-INCLUDES LIGHTING & RECEPTACLES

SHOWER DASHBOARD FOR “REAL-TIME” DATA FEED BACK ON WATER USE

THE BRAIN OF THE SMART HOUSE; THE DASHBOARD

INDICATES WATER LEVELS IN CISTERN

Mechanical Floor Plan Layout

FIXED VS. FLEXIBLEMECHANICAL LAYOUT

Mechanical Section Plan


SOLAR INVERTER BACKUP BATTERIES

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS

SOLAR HOT WATER PANELS

SYSTEM READY CONDUIT PIPE

ELECTRIC PANEL/ METERCISTERN

CISTERN OVERFLOW SOLAR HOT WATER HEATERS

ELECTRICAL GRID IN

GRADE

FILTERED GREYWATER AND RAINWATER INTAKE

CISTERN

IRRIGATION SUPPLY LINE

SOLAR INVERTER

ELECTRICAL GRID IN

ELECTRIC PANEL/ METERSOLAR INVERTER BACKUP BATTERIES

DEMO WALLS

SOLAR HOT WATER HEATERS

FURNACE

CISTERN OVERFLOW

LEGEND

FIXED FLEXIBLE ----------

CONCRETE PAD

ERV

35

FIXED VS. FLEXIBLEMECHANICAL SYSTEM

Main components of the mechanical system are fixed but allow for the system to be flexible by switching out the units

FIXED

FLEXIBLE

Option 1

Option 2

ERV Exhaust

DX Furnace

VRF System

System Ready Conduit Pipe

Electric Panel

Concrete Pad

ERV

Hot Water Heaters

Outside Air Intake


FIXED VS. FLEXIBLEPhotovoltaic ModuleConnections for the photovoltaic module system are fixed but allow for quick connection to the system to be flexible by changing out the electric meter and adding the panels on the roof.

FIXED

FLEXIBLE

Photovoltaic Electrical System

Rooftop Photovoltaic Panels

Photovoltaic Connection Pipe


PV Conduit Pipe

PV Panels

Electrical Panel

Generation Meter

Inverter

Isolation Switches

PV Conduit Pipe

PV Conduit Pipe

FIXED VS. FLEXIBLESOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM

FIXED

FLEXIBLE

Solar Hot Water Heaters

Rooftop Solar Hot Water Panels

Solar Hot Water Hot Feed and Cold Return Pipe


Solar elements are in place along with connections for the solar water heating system and space for a solar water heater are fixed but allow for quick connection to the system to be flexible by adding the panels on the roof and a solar water heater.

Solar Water Heating System Piping

Solar Hot Water Panels

Solar Hot Water Heaters

Connections for the cistern water collecting system along overflow pipes and supply lines are fixed but allow for quick connection to the system to be flexible by adding the cistern and connecting the pipes.

Cistern Storage Tank

Filtered Greywater and Rainwater Intake

FIXED VS. FLEXIBLECISTERN COLLECTION SYSTEM


To Irrigation System

Cistern Overflow

To Toilets For Flushing

39

FIXED VS. FLEXIBLEVENTILATION FORCED AIR PLAN-FURNACE/ DX SYSTEM

RETURN AIR

SECTION TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN

AIR HANDLING UNIT

LEGEND

CONDITIONED AIRMAKE-UP AIR (UNUSED)OUTSIDE AIRMAKE-UP AIR RETURN (UNUSED)

ERV


40

FIXED VS. FLEXIBLEVENTILATION FORCED AIR PLAN-VARIABLE REFRIGERANT FLOW

ERV


FAN COIL UNIT

LEGEND

CONDITIONED AIRMAKE-UP AIRREFRIGERANT LINESMAKE-UP AIR RETURN


41

FIXED VS. FLEXIBLEVENTILATION: NON-FORCED AIR SYSTEMS (i.e. Radiant Floor)


LEGEND

MAKE-UP AIRMAKE-UP AIR RETURN

ERV


42

FIXED VS. FLEXIBLEERV SYSTEM

RETURN AIR

ERV: FIXED CONFIGURATION

EXHAUST AIR

SUPPLY AIR

OUTSIDE AIR

CONFIGURATION 1: FORCED AIR

CONFIGURATION 2: NON-FORCED AIR


DATE 12/10/12 43

PERFORMANCE OF WINDOW SHGC OPTIONS

Drexel Smart House 2012

DATE 44

PERFORMANCE OPTIONS

BASELINE R-VALUES BASELINE AIR TIGHTNESS WINDOW SHGC 0.65

PROPERTIES

PROPOSED R-VALUES PROPOSED AIR TIGHTNESS WINDOW SHGC 0.65

PROPOSED VALUES WINDOW SHADING

PROPOSED VALUES WINDOW AWNINGS WALL SHADING

4.60 28.32 76.62

PROPOSED

17.68 24.73 86.08

BASELINE

PROPOSED VALUES WINDOW AWNINGS WALL SHADING SOLAR PV ARRAY

4.73 23.29 72.78

PROPOSED + WINDOW SHADING

5.79 22.19 71.72

PROPOSED + WINDOW + SW GREEN WALL

5.79 22.19 65.40

PROPOSED + WINDOW SHADING + SW GREEN WALL + 7.2kW PV ARRAY

Drexel Smart House 2012 45

Drexel Smart House: Interiors Team

Thomas EbertRachel Kaplan

Christina Mecca

11/26/12

Our GoalOur goal is to create an atmosphere which supports both the physical and mental health of the occupants, puts as little strain on the environment as possible and promotes the highest level of learning and the expression of ideas achievable.

• Utilizing psychological principles of color and materials• Using sustainably harvested, recycled and non-toxic

materials • Separating spaces by activity or task• Providing areas or white boards to promote constant

expression of ideasDrexel Smart House 2012 4611/26/12

Plan #1 Rich Olaya’s Original Plan

• Pros– Individual sleeping

quarters– Dorm style living– Work areas with sleeping

spaces

• Cons– Less community working

space– No separation for sleep /

work

Drexel Smart House 2012 4711/26/12

Floor 2 Floor 3

Sleeping Pods

• Private sleeping and work study space

• Clothing and other personal items storage

• Internal lighting

• Can control their own temperature inside box


Plan #2 Option with Sleeping Pods

• Pros– Open sleeping area – More personal space– Privacy in bathrooms– Personal Work Space

with Community Work Space

• Cons– Large Bathroom Area

(Takes up space)– Less Community Space– Enclosed Sleeping– Pods take up large

amount of space


Floor 2 Floor 3

NanaWall or Moveable Walls


Images from The Sliding Door Company

Murphy Bed Unit


Plan #3 with Movable Wall System

Pros• Space separated by task• Extremely open and

malleable floor plan• Each floor has a

predominant function

Cons• Lack of personal

sleeping space• Separation of work

space from sleeping space

• Less private bathrooms (Co-Ed Bathroom)


Floor 3Floor 2

Reasons for Green Wall

• Exterior Use Increases Thermal Barrier of Walls.• Improves Indoor Air Quality.• Unifies Inside with Outside• Creates Direct Language with Site and Building.


Green Wall Locations- Green wall location

Proposals


Pros & ConsPros

• Air quality• Productivity• Color

Cons• Maintenance• Lighting• Location to HVAC

How the Sunlight Affects Plant Growth


Typical GSky wall

• Three different types• Light weight• Customizable


Color Scheme

• Mythic Paint Colors:– Kitchen/Dining Room - Red (Redwood) Increases

appetite (although darker shades of reds can raise blood pressure)

– Bedrooms - Blue (Birch) Promotes calming and soothing emotions

– Work Spaces - Green (Granny Smith) Increases concentration


Color Choices• Mythic Paint is a

– zero toxin paint – ultra low odor paint– durability and – No off-gassing VOC’s and cancer-causing toxins.

Drexel Smart House 2012 58

• These two other possible colors (oranges) can be used as accent walls in rooms such as the work spaces or the entrance area. This splash of color promotes excitement or warmth in a space.

11/26/12

Drexel Smart House Final Presentation

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