Doing a Dam Better

8/7/2019 Doing a Dam Better

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Eajgl c Ecb I`tt`rUn` Hca V`aph`s E`bamrctjm Y`puihjm

cge tn` ]tary ao Gcb Un`ug 9

Jcg M. Vart`r cge

Dcycscgkcr ]njvckubcr,

@ejtars


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Unjs bcp wcs praeumè iy tn` Bcp E`sjlg Pgjt ao Un` \arhe Icgk.Un` iaugecrj`s, mahars, e`gabjgctjags cge cgy atn`r jgoarbctjagsnawg ag tnjs bcp ea gat jbphy, ag tn` pcrt ao Un` \arhe IcgkLraup, cgy duelb`gt ag tn` h`lch stctus ao cgy t`rrjtary, ar cgy`gears`b`gt ar cmm`ptcgm` ao sumn iaugecrj`s.

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Eajgl c Ecb I`tt`rUn` Hca V`aph`s E`bamrctjm Y`puihjmcge tn` ]tary ao Gcb Un`ug 9


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Jcg M. Vart`r cge Dcycscgkcr ]njvckubcr

@ejtars

Eajgl c Ecb I`tt`rUn` Hca V`aph`s E`bamrctjm Y`puihjmcge tn` ]tary ao Gcb Un`ug 9


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9633 Un` Jgt`rgctjagch Icgk oar Y`magstrumtjag cge E`v`hapb`gt / Un` \arhe Icgk3>3> N ]tr``t G\\csnjgltag EM 965==

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Hjircry ao Maglr`ss Mctchaljgl-jg-Vuihjmctjag Ectc

Eajgl c ecb i`tt`r 4 tn` Hca Vàph`s E`bamrctjm Y`puihjm cge tn` stary ao Gcb Unùg 9 / ejtè iy Jcg M. Vart`r cge Dcycscgkcr ]njvckubcr.

p. mb.Jgmhue`s ijihjalrcpnjmch rò`r`gm`s cge jge`x.

J]IG :-6->93=-?:>0-9 J]IG :-6->93=-?:>?-: (`h`mtragjm)3. Nyera`h`mtrjm paw`r phcgtsHcas. 9. @magabjm e`v`hapb`gt prad`mtsHcas. J. Vart`r, Jcg M. JJ. ]njvckubcr, Dcycscgkcr, 3:=> JJJ. \arhe Icgk.

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Mav`r pnatalrcpns4 @h`pncgt jg Gckcj Vhct`cu-wct`rsnè cr`c, Hca VEY iy Ejej`r La`tzjgl`r, GUVM; oar`st jg Hca VEY iy Pw` Icumn, jstamkpnata.mab/uic-oata; chh atn`rs

Un` \arhe Icgk

Jbcl`s orab tn` Gcb Unùg 9 Vrad`mt (i`tw``g pp. 39? cge 39


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Eèjmctjag cge Y`malgjtjag

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Unjs iaak js eèjmctè ta tn` Hca pàph`, wna ncv` ejsphcyè r`bcrkcih`pctj`gm` cge uge`rstcgejgl av`r tn` y`crs ao pr`pcrctjag ao tn` Gcb Unùg9 prad`mt.

Bcgy jgejvjeuchs crauge tn` lhai` warkè tjr`h`sshy ta bck` tn` GU9 prad-`mt ncpp`g cge tn`jr magtrjiutjags b`rjt sp`mjch r`malgjtjag.


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Magt`gts

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Ciaut tn` @ejtars cge Magtrjiutars xjjj

Ciir`vjctjags xvjj

MNCVU@Y3 Av`rvj`w 3

Jcg Vart`r cge Dcycscgkcr ]njvckubcr

MNCVU@Y9 Hca VEY L`ts Y`cey oar GU9 ==

Yasc Chagsa j U`rb` cge Nabj Kncrcs

MNCVU@Y= Un` Vrad`mt Js Vr`pcrè 03

U`r`sc ]`rrc, Bcrk ]`lch, cge Ycb Mnaprc

MNCVU@Y5 \arkjgl wjtn ]tck`nahe`rs ::

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MNCVU@Y0 Un` Mabbugjmctjags Mnchh`gl` 33? i`lcg tn` trcgsjtjag orab c m`gtrchhy phcggè ta cbcrk`t-arj`gtè `magaby, wnjh` bcjgtcjgjgl c sjglh`-pcrty pahjtjmch syst`b.]uis`qu`gt phcgs ncv` `ge`cvarè ta magtjgu` wjtn tn` ròarb pram`ss. Un`9665 Gctjagch Lrawtn cge Vav`rty @rcejmctjag ]trct`ly (GLV@]) r`jgoarmètn` jbpartcgm` ao ourtn`r bcmra`magabjm b`csur`s cge strumturch ròarbswnjh` `bpncsjzjgl tnct gcturch r`saurm` e`v`hapb`gt, `sp`mjchhy nyerapaw`rcge bjgjgl, wjhh i` jgt`lrch ta tn` e`v`hapb`gt strct`ly oar sustcjgjgl pcstlrawtn rct`s cge cmnj`vjgl tn` BELs.

Un` GLV@] jgmhueè cg cgguch lrawtn tcrl`t ao p`rm`gt av`r tn` g`xte`mce`.= Magtjguè lrawtn ao tn` clrjmuhtur`, bcguocmturjgl, cge s`rvjm`s

s`mtars js `xp`mtè ta yj`he lrawtn ao ciaut 0? p`rm`gt c y`cr. E`v`hapjglbjgjgl cge nyerapaw`rwnjmn tal`tn`r cr` prad`mtè ta cee 9= p`rm`gt-cl` pajgts ao LEV lrawtn c y`crsnauhe n`hp Hca VEY b``t tn` GLV@]lach. Iut e`v`hapjgl tn`s` s`mtars jg c sauge bcgg`r orab cg `gvjragb`gtchcge samjch cs w`hh cs t`mngjmch cge ojgcgmjch p`rsp`mtjv` wjhh i` c bcdar mnch-h`gl`. Un` maugtry chsa ocm`s atn`r mnchh`gl`s cs jt magtjgu`s ta bav` tawcrec bcrk`t-arj`gtè syst`b, jgmhuejgl hjbjtè mcpcmjty jg tn` m`gtrch cgepravjgmjch lav`rgb`gts, hcmk ao jgorcstrumtur`, c ohèlhjgl prjvct` s`mtar, cge

tn` hjbjtè `glcl`b`gt ao stck`nahe`rs jg tn` e`v`hapb`gt eìct`.

]trct`ljm Yah` ao GU9 jg Hca VEY

Un` GLV@] je`gtjojè tn` paw`r s`mtar cs ag` ao tn` pat`gtjch erjv`rs aolrawtn. Un` s`mtar s`rv`s twa gctjagch prjarjtj`s. Ojrst, jt prabat`s `magabjmcge samjch cevcgm`b`gt iy pravjejgl c r`hjcih`, cooarecih`, cge sustcjgcihèab`stjm saurm` ao `h`mtrjmjty. ]`mage, jt baijhjz`s oar`jlg `xmncgl` cge

iuel`tcry r`v`gu`s ta ojgcgm` pav`rty rèumtjag cge `gvjragb`gtch cge sa-mjch pralrcbs.

Un` eab`stjm paw`r syst`b js stjhh ct cg `crhy stcl` ao e`v`hapb`gt jg HcaVEY. Un` syst`b magsjsts ao oaur g`twarks, gag` ao wnjmn cr` jgt`rmagg`m-tè. Chtnauln cmm`ss ta tn` g`twark ncs jgmr`csè sjlgjojmcgthy jg r`m`gty`crs, aghy ciaut ?3 p`rm`gt ao naus`nahes nce cmm`ss ta `h`mtrjmjty iy tn` `geao 966>, cge p`r mcpjtc `h`mtrjmjty magsubptjag js cbagl tn` haw`st jg Csjc.Eab`stjm magsubptjag murr`gthy cmmaugts oar ciaut >0 p`rm`gt ao tatchpraeumtjag.

Pghamkjgl tn` pat`gtjch ao nyerapaw`r jg Hca VEY js pcrtjmuhcrhy sjlgjoj-mcgt, ljv`g tnct tn` @cst Csjc làlrcpnjm r`ljag ncs tn` haw`st p`rm`gtcl` ao`xphajtè nyerapaw`r ao cgy r`ljag jg tn` warhe. Un` ciugecgm` ao jts

? EAJGL C ECB I@UU@Y


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nyerapaw`r r`saurm`s cge jts m`gtrch hamctjag jg c rcpjehy lrawjgl r`ljag pra-vje` Hca VEY wjtn c strct`ljm cevcgtcl` cs paw`r bcrk`ts jg tn` r`ljag bav`tawcre mhas`r jgt`lrctjag. Hca VEY js c b`bi`r ao tn` B`kagl Yjv`r Mab-bjssjag, wnjmn s``ks ta e`v`hap cge ceapt cg jgt`lrctè cppracmn ta rjv`ricsjg bcgcl`b`gt jg tn` suir`ljag; cge jt ncs i``g warkjgl wjtn atn`r maug-trj`s jg tn` Lr`ct`r B`kagl suir`ljag jg e`v`hapjgl cg jgt`lrctè paw`rbcrk`t.5 Hca VEY ncs chsa i``g c k`y pcrtjmjpcgt jg tn` e`v`hapb`gt aoijhct`rch paw`r trce`, sjlgjgl b`barcgec ao uge`rstcgejgl wjtn Uncjhcge (oar. Vaw`r `xparts cmmaugtèoar ciaut =6 p`rm`gt ao tatch `xpart `crgjgls jg Hca VEY jg 966=. Un`y ncvè`mhjgè jg r`m`gt y`crs, ta ciaut 36 p`rm`gt jg 966


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Jt wjhh ourtn`r jgt`lrct` tn` maugtry jgta tn` r`ljagch paw`r g`twark, cspcrt ao c irace`r pram`ss ao r`ljagch `magabjm jgt`lrctjag wjtnjg tnòrcb`wark ao Hca VEYs b`bi`rsnjp jg tn` Cssamjctjag ao ]autn`cstCsjcg Gctjags (C]@CG) cge tn` C]@CG Or`` Urce` Cr`c (COUC).

Jt pravje`s cg appartugjty ta e`v`hap pahjmj`s cge taahs tnct wjhhstr`gltn`g tn` lav`rgb`gts mcpcmjty ta bcgcl` tn` maugtrys gcturchr`saurm`s jg c sustcjgcih` bcgg`r, prabat` ijaejv`rsjty, cge prat`mt tngjm bjgarjtj`s.

\jtn jts hcrl` làlrcpnjm oaatprjgt cge buhtjph` jbpcmts, jt magstjtut`s ct`st mcs` oar prad`mt-sp`mjojm `gvjragb`gtch cge samjch prat`mtjag pahjmj`s

tnct ncv` tn` pat`gtjch ta i` iracehy r`phjmctè tnraulnaut tn` maugtry.Jt mcg chsa pravje` jbp`tus oar tn` e`v`hapb`gt ao jrrjlctjag jg cgecrauge tn` prad`mt cr`c.

Jo summ`ssouhhy jbph`b`gtè jg magm`rt wjtn tn` jgt`rgctjagch mabbugjty,jt wjhh e`bagstrct` tn` lav`rgb`gts mabbjtb`gt ta sustcjgcih` e`v`h-apb`gt cge jts wjhhjglg`ss ta glcl` wjtn tn` hamch papuhctjag jg e`sjlg-jgl cge jbph`b`gtjgl c pralrcb ao sncrè i`gòjts ct tn` gctjagch, r`-ljagch, cge hamch h`v`hs.

Iut tn` GU9 prad`mt chsa ocm`s bcgy e`v`hapb`gt rjsks. ]ab` rjsks crjsòrab Hca VEYs irace`r e`v`hapb`gt mnchh`gl`s. E`spjt` tn` pralr`ss bce`jg r`m`gt y`crs, tn` maugtry js stjhh ag` ao tn` paar`st jg @cst Csjc, wjtn bcdarmcpcmjty, jgorcstrumtur`, cge atn`r magstrcjgts. C ijl rjsk r`hct`s ta bcgcljglprad`mt r`v`gu`s. Un` lav`rgb`gts sncr` ao `qujty jg pr`vjaus prad`mts ncsi``g n`he iy @EH, wnjmn ncs usè pcrt ao tn` ejvje`ges ta suisjejz` jts ap`rc-tjags, tn`rìy rèumjgl tn` h`v`h ao lav`rgb`gt r`v`gu`s.

Un` cr`c ao samjch cge `gvjragb`gtch jbpcmts chsa pas`s s`v`r` cge p`r-

ncps tn` bast vjsjih` rjsks. Jg pcst prad`mts, jgce`quct` uporagt css`ssb`gt aojbpcmts, hjbjtè r`saurm`s oar jbph`b`gtctjag ao `gvjragb`gtch cge samjchbjtjlctjag cmtjvjtj`s, cge jgsuoojmj`gt bagjtarjgl cge av`rsjlnt ncv` b`cgttnct tn` `gvjragb`gtch cge samjch jbpcmts ao nyerapaw`r e`v`hapb`gt ncvàot`g i``g g`lh`mtè.

C ourtn`r mnchh`gl` js tn` maugtrys hjbjtè mcpcmjty ta jbph`b`gt sauge`gvjragb`gtch cge samjch pahjmj`s cge pralrcbs i`yage tn` nyerapaw`r s`m-tar; cge jg tnjs magt`xt, wn`tn`r GU9 wjhh i` s``g cs c prad`mt tnct mauhe gat

i` r`phjmctè eu` ta tn` njln stcgecres ceaptè ar cs mcpcih` ao pravjejglcppracmn`s cge sahutjags tnct magtrjiut` bar` iracehy ta tn` maugtrys ooarts ta bcgcl` jts gcturch r`saurm`s jg cg `gvjragb`gtchhy cge samjchhysustcjgcih` bcgg`r.

> EAJGL C ECB I@UU@Y


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@glcl`b`gt ao tn` \arhe Icgk cge Atn`r Vcrtg`rs

cge ]tck`nahe`rs jg GU9

Un` hagl pram`ss ao pr`pcrjgl GU9 wcs cmmabpcgjè iy c st`cey `xpcgsjagjg tn` rcgl` ao pcrtg`rs cge stck`nahe`rs jgvahvè. Cs ag` mabpag`gt ao cgjgejmctjv` phcg oar e`v`hapjgl nyerapaw`r jg tn` B`kagl icsjg, tn` prad`mtwcs jgmhueè orab jts `crhy ecys jg ejsmussjags cbagl g`jlniarjgl maugtrj`sao tn` B`kagl Yjv`r Mabbjssjag cge `v`gtuchhy jg tn` irace`r ejsmussjagscbagl tn` maugtrj`s ao tn` Lr`ct`r B`kagl suir`ljag ag tn` e`v`hapb`gtao cg jgt`lrctè paw`r bcrk`t. Jg 3::= tn` pcrtg`rsnjp `xpcgeè ta jgmhue`

tn` prjvct` s`mtar cge suis`qu`gthy jgt`rgctjagch ojgcgmjgl `gtjtj`s, jgmhue-jgl `xpart mrèjt cl`gmj`s cge mabb`rmjch icgks, cge ijhct`rch cge buhtj-hct`rch eagars. ]ab`tjb` hct`r, jgt`rgctjagch mjvjh samj`ty cge pàph` ejr`mthycoo`mtè iy tn` prad`mt bce` tn`jr vajm`s n`cre. Un` st`cey `xpcgsjag jg tn`rcgl` ao pcrtg`rs cge stck`nahe`rs wcs chsa cmmabpcgjè iy c irace`gjgl jgtn` smap` ao tn` prad`mt, orab c eab`stjm `g`rly prad`mt ta cg `h`mtrjmjty `x-part prad`mt cge orab c prad`mt s`v`r`hy eòjmj`gt wjtn r`sp`mt ta tn` ncgehjglao jts samjch cge `gvjragb`gtch jbpcmts cge tn` bcgcl`b`gt ao jts r`v`gu`s

ta ag` wjtn c stragl `bpncsjs ag `gvjragb`gtch cge samjch sustcjgcijhjty csw`hh cs tn` òojmj`gt us` ao tn` r`v`gu`s l`g`rctè iy tn` prad`mt.

@crhy Ecys4 3:> c \arhe Icgk bjssjag r`mabb`geè tnct tn` lav`rgb`gts`h`mt GU9 oar c ouhh o`csjijhjty stuey. Cs ejsmussjags magtjguè, tn` purpas` ao

GU9 snjotè orab c nyerapaw`r prad`mt supphyjgl `g`rly ta tn` eab`stjm bcr-k`t ta ag` tnct wauhe `xpart `g`rly ta g`jlniarjgl maugtrj`s.

Un` \arhe Icgk s`gt s`v`rch bjssjags ta Hca VEY jg tn` `crhy 3::6s ta`xphar` tn` o`csjijhjty ao tn` prad`mt. Cs tn` pat`gtjch bclgjtue` cge sjz` aotn` prad`mt mcb` ta i` r`malgjzè, tn`s` bjssjags i`lcg ta oamus bar` jgt`g-

sjv`hy ag tn` `gvjragb`gtch cge samjch csp`mts ao GU9, jgmhuejgl jts jbpcmtsag tn` mctmnb`gt cr`c, tn` pàph` hjvjgl ag tn` phct`cu, wna wauhe g`è tai` r`s`tthè, cge ag eawgstr`cb mags`qu`gm`s oar mabbugjtj`s cge tn` gvjragb`gt.

Av`rvj`w :


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]`mage Vncs`4 3::5:


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ojgcgmjch mrjsjs bce` jt ejoojmuht ta bav` cn`ce ugtjh ojgcgmjch ugm`rtcjgtj`smauhe i` css`ssè, iut tn` \arhe Icgk magtjguè haw-h`v`h pcrtjmjpctjagtnrauln sbchh irjeljgl cmtjvjtj`s.

Ct tn` scb` tjb`, tn` JPMG cge tn` \arhe Icgk suppartè tn` oarbc-tjag ao cg jge`p`ge`gt iaey, tn` \arhe Mabbjssjag ag Ecbs (\ME), tar`vj`w tn` jbpcmts, pcrtjmuhcrhy ag tn` paar, cge rjsks cssamjctè wjtn hcrl`jgorcstrumtur` prad`mts sumn cs GU9. Un` \ME, cg jgt`rgctjagch, buhtj-stck`nahe`r `gtjty, r`vj`wè tn` mabph`x cge aot`g magtrav`rsjch jssu`sr`hctè ta, cge tn` e`v`hapb`gt jbpcmts ao, hcrl` ecbs cge `xcbjgè cht`r-gctjv` cppracmn`s oar wct`r r`saurm`s cge `g`rly e`v`hapb`gt. Jts r`part,

mabph`tè jg 9666, i`mcb` tn` rò`r`gm` pajgt tnrauln wnjmn `xt`rgchstck`nahe`rs, `sp`mjchhy `gvjragb`gtch gaglav`rgb`gtch arlcgjzctjags cgejgt`rgctjagch mjvjh samj`ty arlcgjzctjags, mrjtjquè tn` GU9 prad`mt cge tn`\arhe Icgk.

Iy tn` stcrt ao tn` g`w bjhh`ggjub, tn` \arhe Icgk nce uge`rtck`g c sjl-gjojmcgt r`strumturjgl, puttjgl bar` stcoo jg tn` oj`he cge r`g`wjgl jts oamus agpav`rty rèumtjag. Jt nce chsa r`g`wè jts `bpncsjs ag jgorcstrumtur` oarlrawtn cge pav`rty rèumtjag, oahhawjgl chbast c e`mce` ao ejs`glcl`b`gt jg

hcrl`-smch` jgorcstrumtur` prad`mts. Pge`r tn` g`w cppracmn, wnjmn `vahvèjgta tn` g`w \ct`r Y`saurm`s ]`mtar ]trct`ly (966=), cppravch ao hcrl`-smch`jgorcstrumtur` prad`mts iy tn` \arhe Icgks Iacre ao Ejr`mtars e`p`ges gataghy ag cssurcgm`s tnct tn` lav`rgb`gt mcg bcgcl` r`v`gu` òo`mtjv`hy iutchsa ag atn`r mrjt`rjc, jgmhuejgl tn` lav`rgb`gts mcpcmjty ta rèum` pav`rty,jbprav` lav`rgcgm`, cge jbph`b`gt sauge `gvjragb`gtch cge samjchsco`lucres. Vr`pcrctjag ao GU9 cge phcgs oar jts jbph`b`gtctjag, bagjtarjgl,cge `vchuctjag chsa nce ta sctjsoy cg crrcy ao jgt`rgctjagch mjvjh samj`ty stck`-

nahe`rs tnct nce i`mab` `bpaw`rè iy tn` \arhe Icgks mabbjtb`gt ta glcl` wjtn mjvjh samj`ty.

Y``glcl`b`gt4 966360

Un` \arhe Icgk cmtjv`hy r``gt`rè tn` GU9 prad`mt jg 9663, cot`r tn` ojgcg-mjch sjtuctjag jg bast Csjcg maugtrj`s stcijhjzè. Jg are`r ta b``t tn` irace`rlachs authjgè ciav`, jt ceaptè c g`w iusjg`ss cppracmn ta GU9, oarbchhy`biaejè jg tn` e`mjsjag orcb`wark g`latjctè i`tw``g tn` \arhe Icgk cgetn` lav`rgb`gt ao Hca VEY jg 9663. Unjs orcb`wark wcs suis`qu`gthy `b-ircmè iy atn`r buhtjhct`rch eagars cge ojgcgmj`rs, jgmhuejgl tn` CEI (wnjmnsjlgjojè jts jgt`r`st jg suppartjgl tn` prad`mt jg 966=), tn` Cl`gm` Orcgcjs`

Av`rvj`w 33


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eu Ev`happ`b`gt (COE), tn` @urap`cg Jgv`stb`gt Icgk (@JI), cge tn`Garejm Jgv`stb`gt Icgk (GJI) cs w`hh cs iy prjvct` ojgcgmj`rs cge bastatn`r stck`nahe`rs.

Un` orcb`wark magsjstè ao tnr`` pjhhcrs. Pge`r jts t`rbs (c) tn` lav`rg-b`gt wcs ta jbph`b`gt c e`v`hapb`gt strct`ly cge pralrcb mncrcmt`rjzè iymagmr`t` p`roarbcgm` ag pav`rty rèumtjag cge `gvjragb`gtch prat`mtjag;(i) tn` prad`mt e`v`hap`r cge tn` lav`rgb`gt w`r` ta `gsur` tnct tn` t`mngj-mch, ojgcgmjch, cge `magabjm csp`mts ao tn` prad`mt cge tn` e`sjlg cge jbph`-b`gtctjag ao sco`lucre pahjmj`s w`r` ao c stcgecre cmm`ptcih` ta tn` \arheIcgk; cge (m) tn` lav`rgb`gt wcs ta aitcjg irace suppart orab jgt`rgctjagch

eagars cge mjvjh samj`ty oar tn` maugtrys e`v`hapb`gt strct`ly cge tn` GU9prad`mt jts`ho. Un` orcb`wark jgmhueè c sncrp`r oamus ag tn` prad`mts pat`g-tjch ta n`hp rèum` pav`rty cge jbprav` `gvjragb`gtch bcgcl`b`gt tnraulnòojmj`gt cge trcgspcr`gt r`v`gu` bcgcl`b`gt crrcgl`b`gts. Ljv`g tnct HcaVEY js ag` ao tn` paar`st maugtrj`s jg ]autn`cst Csjc, wjtn w`ck nubcgmcpcmjty, lav`rgcgm`, jgstjtutjags cge pnysjmch jgorcstrumtur`, b``tjgl tn`s`lachs r`pr`s`gtè c oarbjecih` mnchh`gl`.

Cs tn` g`w iusjg`ss cppracmn wcs hcugmnè, tn` \arhe Icgk Lraup

st`ppè up jts mcpcmjty ta e`hjv`r GU9. B`csur`s oamusè ag jbpravjgl t`cbarlcgjzctjag, `gncgmjgl mabbugjmctjags, cge str`gltn`gjgl av`rsjlnt. Cstragl prad`mt t`cb wcs baijhjzè wjtnjg tn` \arhe Icgk, cge c prad`mt av`r-sjlnt lraup wcs `stcihjsnè ct tn` Icgks r`ljagch bcgcl`b`gt h`v`h ta luje`tn` t`cb. @xt`rgch jge`p`ge`gt `xp`rt av`rsjlnt lraupsjgmhuejgl tn` Jg-t`rgctjagch Cevjsary Lraup, wnjmn r`partè ta tn` \arhe Icgks pr`sje`gt csta naw tn` arlcgjzctjag wcs p`roarbjgl jts rah` r`hctjgl ta tn` prad`mt, cgetn` @gvjragb`gtch cge ]amjch Vcg`h ao @xp`rts cge tn` Ecb ]co`ty Y`vj`w

Vcg`h, iatn ao wnjmn cevjsè tn` lav`rgb`gtphcyè cmtjv` rah`s. Jg Duhy966=, tn` prad`mt suoo`rè c s`rjaus s`ticmk, wn`g tn` h`ce e`v`hap`r, @eO,wjtner`w orab tn` prad`mt, prjbcrjhy oar jgt`rgch r`csags gat r`hctè ta tn`prad`mts vjcijhjty. Un` lav`rgb`gts ao Hca VEY cge Uncjhcge maarejgctèòoarts ta haiiy tn` Or`gmn lav`rgb`gt ta suppart @eOs r``glcl`b`gt jg tn`prad`mt. Oahhawjgl s`v`rch bagtns ao e`hjmct` ejchalu`, jgmhuejgl marr`spag-e`gm` i`tw``g n`ces ao stct`, tn` Gcb Unùg 9 Vaw`r Mabpcgy (GUVM)sjlgè c paw`r purmncs` clr``b`gt wjtn tn` @h`mtrjmjty L`g`rctjgl Cutnarjtyao Uncjhcge (@LCU). GUVM, tn` puihjm-prjvct` pcrtg`rsnjp magsartjub wjtn

sncr`nahe`rs mabprjsjgl tn` e`v`hap`rs (


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Iy 9665 tn` lav`rgb`gt nce mabph`tè jts Vav`rty Yèumtjag ]trct`lyVcp`r, wjtn suppart orab tn` \arhe Icgk, tn` CEI, cge tn` Jgt`rgctjagchBag`tcry Ouge, cge nce bce` pralr`ss ag ròarbjgl puihjm ojgcgm` bcgcl`-b`gt cge atn`r csp`mts ao tn` ojrst pjhhcr ao tn` e`mjsjag orcb`wark. Ag tn`s`mage pjhhcr, bumn pralr`ss nce chsa i``g bce` ag `gsurjgl tnct prad`mtstcgecres, jgmhuejgl stcgecres oar tn` `gvjragb`gtch cge samjch csp`mts ao tn`prad`mt, w`r` cmm`ptcih` ta tn` ojgcgmjgl pcrtg`rs, chtnauln ejoo`r`gm`s r`-bcjgè r`lcrejgl tn` cppracmn ta vcrjaus jssu`s, oar `xcbph` tn` tr`ctb`gt aoeawgstr`cb jbpcmts. Ua ceer`ss tn` tnjre pjhhcr ao tn` e`mjsjag orcb`warkaitcjgjgl irace suppart orab jgt`rgctjagch eagars cge mjvjh samj`ty oar tn`

maugtrys e`v`hapb`gt strct`ly cge tn` GU9 prad`mt jts`hotn` \arhe Icgk,atn`r eagars, tn` e`v`hap`rs, cge tn` lav`rgb`gt `glclè jg cg jgt`gsjv`pram`ss ao jgoarbctjag sncrjgl, ejsmussjag, cge eìct`. Unjs pram`ss muhbjgct-è jg c s`rj`s ao jgt`rgctjagch warksnaps n`he jg Icglkak, Vcrjs, Uakya, \csn-jgltag, cge _j`gtjcg` ta pravje` bcdar stck`nahe`rs wjtn jgoarbctjag ag

GU9 cge ta sahjmjt tn` vj`ws ao jgt`rgctjagch mjvjh samj`ty arlcgjzctjags agtn` prad`mt. Un` e`sjlg cge hamctjag ao tn`s` warksnaps w`r` erjv`g iy tnèygcbjms ao tn` ejchalu` ciaut tn` prad`mt. Jg prad`mts wjtn c sjbjhcr magt`xt,

sumn warksnaps mcg i` njlnhy usòuh.Vrad`mt css`ssb`gt wcs bcrkè iy eìct`, ejsclr``b`gt, cge t`gsjag

cbagl tn` vcrjaus pcrtg`rs cge stck`nahe`rs. ]ab` ao tn` t`gsjag ròh`mtèsuistcgtjv` ejoo`r`gm`s ao vj`w ag tn` stcgecres ta i` b`t iy tn` prad`mt. Oar`xcbph`, ag tn` ce`qucmy ao hamch magsuhtctjags jg r`hctjag ta tn` \arheIcgks stcgecre ao b`cgjglouh magsuhtctjags, tn` e`v`hap`rs cge lav`rg-b`gt w`r` sctjsojè wjtn tn` jgjtjch s`t ao b``tjgls wjtn hamch mabbugjtj`s,wn`r`cs mrjtjms crluè tnct tn`y aoo`rè aghy ag`-wcy ohaws ao jgoarbctjag

cge w`r` aot`g bjsuge`rstaae iy tn` mabbugjtj`s. Cgatn`r k`y pajgt ao mag-t`gtjag i`tw``g tn` e`v`hap`rs cge tn` \arhe Icgk wcs tn` tr`ctb`gt aoeawgstr`cb jbpcmts cge tn` jgmhusjag ao bjtjlctjag b`csur`s jg tn` prad`mtsics` iuel`t. Un`s` t`gsjags chsa ròh`mtè tn` ejoo`r`gt `xp`mtctjags tnct pcr-tjmjpcgts jg tn` prad`mt nce ao tn` \arhe Icgks rah`. E`v`hap`rs cge lav`rg-b`gt aoojmjchs, chh ao wnab r`humtcgthy saulnt jgt`rgctjagch ojgcgmjch lucrcg-t``s, kg`w tnct tn` \arhe Icgk wauhe i`cr c n`cvj`r iure`g jg t`rbs aocgchytjmch wark, iut tn`y haakè ta tn` \arhe Icgk Lraup cs c e`ch bck`r.Iut jg `ge`cvarjgl ta `gsur` tnct tn` lav`rgb`gt cge e`v`hap`rs b`t jgt`r-

gctjagch stcgecres jg tn` e`sjlg ao tn` prad`mt, tn` css`ssb`gt ao jts rjsks, cgetn` jbph`b`gtctjag ao pahjmj`s oar cpphyjgl sco`lucres, tn` \arhe Icgk wcsaot`g s``g ta i` oamusjgl ag tn` e`ch ir`ck`rs tnct wauhe e`hcy ar pranjijt jtspcrtjmjpctjag jg GU9.

Av`rvj`w 3=


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Vrad`mt Cppravch cge Ojgcgmjgl, Bcrmn/Cprjh 9660

E`spjt` tn`s` ejoojmuhtj`s, jg 9660 tn` ojgcgmjgl pcrtg`rs prad`mt cpprcjsch oarGU9 wcs mabph`tè, cge tn` \arhe Icgk wcs sctjsojè tnct tn` lav`rgb`gt

nce b`t tn` e`mjsjag orcb`wark aid`mtjv`s. Un` \arhe Icgks Iacre cppravètn` GU9 prad`mt ag Bcrmn =3, 9660; CEIs Iacre cppravè tn` prad`mt agCprjh 5, 9660; cge atn`r pcrtg`rs chsa cppravè tn` prad`mt. Cppravch ao GU9magojrbè tn` mrèjijhjty ao tn` g`w iusjg`ss cppracmn cge e`bagstrctè tn`\arhe Icgks r`g`wè jgt`r`st jg jgv`stjgl bar` n`cvjhy jg hcrl`-smch` jgorc-

strumtur`, jgmhuejgl jg tn` nyerapaw`r s`mtar.

Ct $3.50 ijhhjag (jgmhuejgl $966 bjhhjag jg magtjgl`gt ojgcgmjgl), tn`GU9 prad mt r`pr s`gtè c nul` ojgcgmjgl mnchh`gl`, wnjmn wcs b`t tnraulnmaap`rctjv`, mabph`b`gtcry òoarts tcppjgl puihjm cge prjvct` r`saurm`s. GU9r`bcjgs tn` hcrl`st oar`jlg jgv`stb`gt jg Hca VEY ta ect`. Ct tn` tjb`, jt

r`pr`s`gtè tn` warhes hcrl`st prjvct` mrass-iare`r paw`r ojgcgmjgl; cge jt r`-bcjgs ag` ao tn` hcrl`st jgt`rgctjagchhy ojgcgmè jge`p`ge`gt paw`r prad`mtsjg Csjc sjgm` tn` ojgcgmjch mrjsjs ao tn` hct` 3::6s. Un` ojgcgmjgl pram`ssiraulnt jgvchucih` `xp`rj`gm` cge `xpasur` ta Hca VEY, wje`gjgl passjijhj-

tj`s oar bar` oar`jlg ejr`mt jgv`stb`gts.Un` \arhe Icgk Lraup usè c rcgl` ao jgstrub`gts ta ceer`ss tn` mrass-

s`mtarch mabph`xjtj`s ao tn` prad`mt cge ta suppart tn` g`w iusjg`ss cppracmn.Unr`` prad`mt jgstrub`gts pravjeè ejr`mt ougejgl. C $96 bjhhjag Jgt`rgc-tjagch E`v`hapb`gt Cssamjctjag (JEC) lrcgttn` Gcb Unùg 9 ]amjch cge@gvjragb`gt Vrad`mt (GU]@V)n`hpè ouge c partjag ao tn` lav`rgb`gts

`qujty jg tn` GUVM cge tn` bcgcl`b`gt ao tn` samjch cge `gvjragb`gtchjbpcmts cge jge`p`ge`gt bagjtarjgl cge `vchuctjag ao tn` GU9 prad`mt. Cg

JEC pcrtjch rjsk lucrcgt`` ao $59 bjhhjag mav`rè c sygejmctè mabb`rmjchhacg ta GUVM. Lucrcgt``s orab tn` Buhtjhct`rch Jgv`stb`gt Lucrcgt``Cl`gmy (BJLC) ao ciaut $:6 bjhhjag oar c sygejmctè mabb`rmjch hacg cs

w`hh cs cg qujty jgv`stb`gt jg GUVM mav`rè pahjtjmch rjsks jg Uncjhcge (tn``xt`rgch iuy`r ao GU9 h`mtrjmjty) cge Hca VEY. Iatn strct`ly-h`v`h cge t`mn-gjmch stcoo ejchalu` ag pahjmj`s cge jgstjtutjagch ròarb ceer`ssè tn` tatchpcmkcl` ao autmab`s `xp`mtè orab tnjs b`lc-prad`mt, cs ròh`mtè jg tn` pra-d`mts h`lch orcb`wark.

Jg ceejtjag ta tn` \arhe Icgk, bcgy atn`r jgstjtutjags, jgmhuejgl CEIcge COE, pravjeè ojgcgmjch suppart oar tn` prad`mt (tcih` 3.3). CEI sup-partè GU9 tnrauln c ejr`mt hacg ao $06 bjhhjag, c pahjtjmch rjsk lucrcgt``(mav`rjgl $59 bjhhjag ao prjgmjpch), cge c puihjm s`mtar hacg ao $96 bjhhjag tatn` lav`rgb`gt.

35 EAJGL C ECB I@UU@Y


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Av`rvj`w 30

Ucih` 3.3 GU9 Ojgch Vrad`mt Ojgcgmjgl Vhcg

Cbaugt ao ojgcgmjglUatch ojgcgmjgl

(eahhcrs ct `xmncgl`Bjhhjags ao Bjhhjags ao rct` ao 56.3 icnt

]aurm` ao ojgcgmjgl eahhcrs Uncj icnt p`r eahhcr)

@xpart mrèjt cl`gmy ocmjhjty 966.6 966.6

MaOCM@ (Orcgm`) 3=?.6 3=?.6

@KG (]wè`g) 9:.6 9:.6

LJ@K (Garwcy) =0.6 =0.6

JEC pahjtjmch rjsk

lucrcgt`` ocmjhjty 59.6 59.6

CEI arejgcry mcpjtch

r`saurm`s ocmjhjty 06.6 06.6

CEI pahjtjmch rjsk


BJLC pahjtjmch rjsk


COE ocmjhjty =6.6 =6.6

GJI ocmjhjty =5.6 =5.6

Vrapcrma ocmjhjty =6.6 =6.6

Uncj @xjb ocmjhjty =6.6 =6.6

Mabb`rmjch icgk ocmjhjty 96,666.6 066.6

Uatch hagl-t`rb eìt 066.6 96,666.6 3,666.6

Urcgmn` C 506.6 3>,666.6 :66.6

Urcgmn` I 06.6 9,666.6 366.6

Uatch `qujty 550.9 3:6.0 506.6

Urcgmn` C =50.9 3:6.0 =06.6Urcgmn` I 366.6 366.6

Vrjvct` `qujty ==9.< 3:6.0 ==


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Ojv` Z`crs Ag, Gav`bi`r 9636

Oahhawjgl cppravch, tn` prad`mt qujmkhy irak` lrauge jg Gav`bi`r 9660. Un`magstrumtjag cge `h`mtrab`mncgjmch warks cr` gaw mabph`t`, cge l`g`rctjagao `h`mtrjmjty ncs mabb`gmè. Jt js r`bcrkcih` tnct tn` 05-bagtn magstrum-tjag p`rjae ocmè aghy c sbchh e`hcy ao oaur bagtns. Un` `gvjragb`gtch cgesamjch pralrcbs ap`rct` ag c hagl`r tjbòrcb`, cge tn`jr jbph`b`gtctjag jsaglajgl. Un` twa pralrcbs ocmè sab` stcrt-up e`hcys cge jbph`b`gtctjagsgcls jg tn` `crhy ecys, iut tn`y cr` gaw ag trcmk. Iatn pralrcbs wjhh magtjg-u` ta ocm` bcgy rjsks cge mnchh`gl`s, wnjmn cr` jgn`r`gt jg tn`s` typ`s ao

jgt`rv`gtjags. Un` jbpartcgt tnjgl js tnct tn` lav`rgb`gt ao Hca VEY,GUVM, cge tn` \arhe Icgk cge atn`r jgt`rgctjagch ojgcgmjgl jgstjtutjagscr` chh mabbjttè ta `gsurjgl tnct tn` prabjsè autmab`s cr` r`chjzè av`rtn` magm`ssjag p`rjae.

Jgtraeumtjag ta tn` Mncpt`rs

Un` mncpt`rs tnct oahhaw e`smrji` tn` pram`ss ao prad`mt pr`pcrctjag cge je`g-tjoy h`ssags h`crgè orab tn` prad`mt. Un`y pravje` r`ce`rs wjtn p`rsp`mtjvàg tn` maugtry e`v`hapb`gt magt`xt, tn` smap` cge e`ptn ao prad`mt pr`pcrc-tjag cmtjvjtj`s, stck`nahe`r aid`mtjv`s, tn` jbpartcgm` ao pcrtg`rsnjps cgemabbag lachs, cge pralr`ss ag jbph`b`gtctjag.

Mncpt`rs 95 cr` strumturè crauge tn` tnr`` pjhhcrs ao tn` e`mjsjag orcb`-wark uge`rpjggjgl tn` \arhe Icgks g`w iusjg`ss cppracmn ta GU9 prad`mtpr`pcrctjag. Un`y e`smrji` naw Hca VEY lat r`cey oar tn` prad`mt; naw tn`prad`mt wcs pr`pcrè, tckjgl tn` maugtry magt`xt jgta cmmaugt; cge naw stck`-

nahe`rs warkè tal`tn`r eurjgl tn` pr`pcrctjag pram`ss. Mncpt`r 0 pravje`ssab` ceejtjagch p`rsp`mtjv`s ag tn` mabbugjmctjags csp`mts ao prad`mt pr`pc-rctjag. Mncpt`r ? pr`s`gts irace`r h`ssags orab mrass-muttjgl mnchh`gl`s `g-maugt`rè eurjgl prad`mt pr`pcrctjag tnct strceeh` bar` tncg ag` pjhhcr ao tnè`mjsjag orcb`wark. Mncpt`r < pravje`s c sgcpsnat ao prad`mt jbph`b`gtctjag.Mncpt`r > pravje`s cg css`ssb`gt orab tn` oj`he ao GU9s rah` jg str`gltn`gjglHca VEYs e`v`hapb`gt prasp`mts iy cmtjgl cs c erjv`r ao mncgl`.

Mncpt`r 94 Hca VEY L`ts Y`cey oar GU9

Mncpt`r 9 e`smrji`s naw tn` ojrst pjhhcr ao tn` e`mjsjag orcb`warkl`ttjglHca VEY r`cey oar GU9wcs jbph`b`gtè. Pgm`rtcjgty surraugejgl tn`

3? EAJGL C ECB I@UU@Y


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ugt`stè maugtry `gvjragb`gt b`cgt tnct oar`jlg jgv`stars g`èè gat aghytn` maboart ao c \arhe Icgk lucrcgt`` iut chsa cg cmm`ptcih` maugtry orcb`-wark tnct sjlgchè tnct tn` maugtry wcs r`cey oar irace`r ròarb ta cmnj`v`jts lrawtn cge pav`rty rèumtjag lachs. ]umn c orcb`wark r`qujrè tnct GU9i` `bièeè jg c gctjagch pav`rty rèumtjag strct`ly cge usè cs c mctchystoar sustcjgcih` `magabjm ròarb cge str`gltn`gè jgstjtutjags. Jt wcs chsa `s-s`gtjch tnct c pralrcb ao tjb`-iauge `magabjm ròarbs i` e`v`hapè cgejbph`b`gtè ta iujhe mrèjijhjty jg tn` mcpcmjty ao tn` lav`rgb`gt ta jbph`-b`gt strumturch mncgl`. Un` orcb`wark jgmhueè c bcdar oamus ag str`gltn-`gjgl puihjm jgstjtutjags, `sp`mjchhy tnas` r`spagsjih` oar r`v`gu` bcgcl`-

b`gt, jg are`r ta `gsur` tnct r`saurm`s w`r` chhamctè jg hjg` wjtn pav`rtyrèumtjag prjarjtj`s cge ta ejbjgjsn tn` rjsk ao marruptjag. Jg tn` mcs` ao GU9r`v`gu`s, tn` orcb`wark chsa jgmhueè cg jggavctjv` pralrcb oar hjgkjglprad`mt r`v`gu`s tjlnthy ta sp`mjojm pav`rty rèumtjag cge `gvjragb`gtch mag-s`rvctjag pralrcbs.

Nabj Kncrcs cge Yasc Chagsa j U`rb`, tn` mncpt`rs cutnars, crlu` tncttn` \arhe Icgks e`v`hapb`gt pahjmy h`gejgl jgstrub`gt s`rvè w`hh cs iatncg jbph`b`gtctjag cge c bagjtarjgl taah oar suppartjgl tn` e`v`hapb`gt ao

sumn c orcb`wark cge b`csurjgl pralr`ss. Unjs jgstrub`gt wcs suppartè iynjln-quchjty cgchytjmch wark tnct wcs awgè iy tn` lav`rgb`gt cge bastatn`r stck`nahe`rs cge str`gltn`gè iy òo`mtjv` mabbugjmctjags cge mag-suhtctjags. Un` jgstrub`gt n`hpè `gsur` tnct tn` \arhe Icgk cge atn`r ojg-cgmj`rs duelè tn` lav`rgb`gts mabbjtb`gt cge mcpcmjty ta e`hjv`r agpahjmy ròarb cge pav`rty rèumtjag ag tn` icsjs ao jts trcmk r`mare, wjtn ojg-cgmj`rs pr`pcrè ta wchk cwcy orab suppart ta tn` prad`mt jo mrjtjmch magej-tjags w`r` gat ouhojhhè.

Cmmarejgl ta tn` cutnars, tn` \arhe Icgk rjlnthy oamusè ag prjgmjph`s ao`glcl`b`gt, gat sp`mjojm pahjmj`s, cge pravjeè `gauln spcm` oar oh`xjijhjtycge lav`rgb`gt awg`rsnjp. Yctn`r tncg tryjgl ta iypcss hamch jgstjtutjags cgesyst`bs, tn` \arhe Icgk usè tn` pram`ss ao `glcl`b`gt oar magstrumtjv` sup-part ao str`gltn`gè maugtry syst`bs cge pram`ss`s, `v`g wn`g jbph`b`gtc-tjag wcs ejoojmuht i`mcus` ao hjbjtè eab`stjm mcpcmjty. V`roarbcgm` o`hh snartjg je`gtjoyjgl cr`cs ao w`ck mcpcmjty crhy ag cge e`sjlgjgl c mcpcmjty-iujhejglstrct`ly ta ceer`ss tn`b. G`jtn`r ojgcgmjch gar t`mngjmch suppart oar mcpcmjtyiujhejgl wcs ce`quct` oar tn` mnchh`gl`. Un` \arhe Icgks taahkjt cge prao`s-

sjagch r`saurm`s oar òo`mtjv`hy suppartjgl mcpcmjty iujhejgl hcmkè e`ptn, cgejt wcs ejoojmuht ta p`rsuce` tn` lav`rgb`gt ta s`rjaushy `glcl` jg mcpcmjtyiujhejgl ugtjh tn` Icgk mabbjttè ta suppartjgl GU9, c mabbjtb`gt tncttaak tjb` ta bct`rjchjz`.

Av`rvj`w 3


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Ljv`g tn` njln vjsjijhjty ao tn` GU9 prad`mt, e`v`hapjgl c m`rtcjg h`v`h aotrust cge oast`rjgl stck`nahe`r pcrtg`rsnjps wcs `ss`gtjch ta bavjgl oarwcreag str`gltn`gjgl tn` e`v`hapb`gt orcb`wark. Un` \arhe Icgk t`cbs ug-e`rstcgejgl ao cge s`gsjtjvjty ta tn` pahjtjmch cge muhturch magt`xt jg Hca VEYn`hpè jt e`vjs` tn` rjlnt `glcl`b`gt strct`ly cge i`ncv` jg cg cppraprjct`bcgg`r. ]`gsjtjvjty ta tn` lav`rgb`gt e`mjsjag-bckjgl pram`ss wcs c mrjtjmchjglrèj`gt jg tn` `v`gtuch e`v`hapb`gt ao c r`hctjagsnjp ao butuch trust i`-tw``g tn` \arhe Icgk cge tn` lav`rgb`gt.

Un` cutnars gat` tn` jbpartcgm` ao irjgljgl ag iacre c irace-icsè bcg-cl`b`gt t`cb `crhy ag, `glcljgl bcgcl`b`gt ct tn` njln`st h`v`h ao tn`

\arhe Icgk iy `bphayjgl tn` e`mjsjag orcb`wark cppracmn ta r`partpralr`ss, cge gmaurcljgl stcoo ta snaw oh`xjijhjty cge wjhhjglg`ss ta tck` rjsks.Un`y chsa gat` tnct tn` sp`è ao prad`mt pram`ssjgl ròh`mtè tn` tjb` g`èèoar tn` \arhe Icgk ta mcrry aut eu` ejhjl`gm`, tn` lav`rgb`gt ta e`hjv`r agjts ròarb cl`gec, cge stck`nahe`rs ta `stcihjsn trust.

Mncpt`r =4 Un` Vrad`mt Js Vr`pcrè

Mncpt`r = `xcbjg`s tn` s`mage pjhhcr ao tn` e`mjsjag orcb`wark4 l`ttjgltn` prad`mt r`cey oar Hca VEY. Cs oarbjecih` cs tn`y w`r`, tn` t`mngjmchcge `gljg``rjgl mnchh`gl`s ao tn` prad`mt nce bar` r`cejhy cvcjhcih` cgeh`ss magtrav`rsjch sahutjags tncg atn`r csp`mts ao pr`pcrctjag. Un` cutnarsao mncpt`r =U`r`sc ]`rrc, Bcrk ]`lch, cge Ycb Mnaprctn`ròar` xcbjg` tn` mnchh`gl`s jgvahvè jg ncgehjgl tn` bar` ejoojmuht csp`mts aotn` prad`mt, jgmhuejgl samjch cge `gvjragb`gtch, `magabjm, cge ojgcgmjchjssu`s.

\arkjgl mhas`hy wjtn CEI cge COE cge n`èjgl tn` h`ssags ao pcst ecbprad`mts, tn` \arhe Icgk mageumtè c tnarauln uporagt css`ssb`gt ao `gvj-ragb`gtch cge samjch jssu`s cge ercotè c raiust jbph`b`gtctjag phcg e`tcjh-jgl tn` g`m`sscry jgstjtutjagch crrcgl`b`gts, iuel`t av`rsjlnt, cge magtjg-l`gmy b`csur`s oar òo`mtjv` jbph`b`gtctjag ao tn` `gvjragb`gtch cge samjchbcgcl`b`gt phcg. GU9 pr`s`gtè c ugjqu` appartugjty oar h`crgjgl ciautcge ròjgjgl tn` \arhe Icgks cge atn`r pcrtg`rs cppracmn ta `gvjragb`gtchcge samjch sco`lucres jg hcrl` jgorcstrumtur` ap`rctjags.

Un` hcrl` smch` ao tn` mjvjh warks b`cgt tnct GU9 nce wje`spr`ce r`ljagchcge mubuhctjv` `gvjragb`gtch cge samjch jbpcmts. Jt trjll`rè chh 36 ao tn`\arhe Icgks sco`lucre pahjmj`s. Jbpcmt cgchysjs cge bjtjlctjag phcggjglnce ta i` mabpr`n`gsjv`, jgmhuejgl phcggjgl oar tn` r`s`tth`b`gt ao ciaut?,966 pàph` hjvjgl ag tn` phct`cu. Njln-quchjty jgoarbctjag lctn`rjgl cge

3> EAJGL C ECB I@UU@Y


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cgchysjs oahhawè iy mabpr`n`gsjv` cge e`tcjhè phcg oarbuhctjag jg magsuh-tctjag wjtn chh tn` stck`nahe`rs jgvahvè wcs mrjtjmch. Un` lav`rgb`gt,

GUVM, cge atn`r stck`nahe`rs jgjtjchhy ichkè ct tn` e`bcges phcmè agtn`b, mhcjbjgl tnct tn` \arhe Icgk cge jts pcrtg`rs w`r` magtjguaushy `x-pcgejgl iatn tn` làlrcpnjmch smap` cge tn` tn`bctjm mav`rcl` ao tn` cgchy-sjs, snjotjgl tn` lachpasts wjtnaut mh`crhy eòjgjgl cg cmm`ptcih` s`t ao r`-qujr`b`gts. Oar tn`jr pcrt, mjvjh samj`ty arlcgjzctjags i`hj`vè tnct tn``gvjragb`gtch cge samjch cgchys`s w`r` jgsuoojmj`gthy mabpr`n`gsjv` cge tnctsab` `ss`gtjch pat`gtjch praih`bs ar lraups ao pàph` wna wauhe i` coo`mtèiy tn` prad`mt w`r` jlgarè.

U`r`sc ]`rrc je`gtjoj`s s`v`rch h`ssags ag c gubi`r ao suistcgtjv` `gvjrag-b`gtch cge samjch jssu`s4 eòjgjgl prad`mt iaugecrj`s cge cr`c ao jgohu`gm`;`gsurjgl jgmab` r`starctjag cge hjv`hjnaae `gncgm`b`gt, wjtn sp`mjch ctt`g-tjag ta vuhg`rcih` lraups; ichcgmjgl ijaejv`rsjty mags`rvctjag, prat`mtjag aowjhehjo` ncijtcts, cge hamch e`v`hapb`gt aid`mtjv`s; cge ceer`ssjgl eawg-str`cb rjsks. ]n` tn`g ejsmuss`s h`ssags p`rtcjgjgl ta mrass-muttjgl cge pram`ssjssu`s4 ceer`ssjgl ugm`rtcjgty tnrauln iuel`ts cge h`lch jgstrub`gts; `stci-hjsnjgl r`chjstjm cge r`spagsjv` jgstjtutjagch crrcgl`b`gts; `glcljgl jg pcrtjm-

jpctary magsuhtctjag cge trcgspcr`gt mabbugjmctjag tnraulnaut tn` prad`mtmymh`; cge `glcljgl jg jgt`rgch cge `xt`rgch prad`mt bagjtarjgl.

Ua i` bar` òo`mtjv`, tn` cutnar str`ss`s tnct tn` \arhe Icgk g`ès taclr`` wjtn tn` e`v`hap`r cge tn` lav`rgb`gt `crhy r`lcrejgl tn` k`y h`b`gts ao tn` cppracmn ta ceer`ssjgl tn` prad`mts `gvjragb`gtch cge samjchjssu`s. Jt js chsa jbpartcgt ta r`malgjz` tnct jt js gat passjih` ta je`gtjoy chhr`qujr`b`gts uporagt cge tnct oh`xjijhjty ta cecpt ta g`w jgoarbctjag js `ss`g-tjch. Jg tnjs r`lcre, tn` cevjm` ao r`sp`mtè jge`p`ge`gt autsje` `xp`rts,

jgmhuejgl tn` Jgt`rgctjagch Cevjsary Lraup, tn` @gvjragb`gtch cge ]amjchVcg`h ao @xp`rts, cge tn` Ecb ]co`ty Y`vj`w Vcg`h, mcg i` jgvchucih`. Un`cutnar chsa gat`s tnct, `sp`mjchhy jg tn` mcs` ao puihjm-prjvct` pcrtg`rsnjps, jtjs mrjtjmch tnct tn` \arhe Icgk uge`rstcge tn` `xt`gt ta wnjmn tn` prad`mtmcg i` mchhè upag ta ceer`ss irace`r e`v`hapb`gtch jssu`s tnct cr` cssamjctèwjtn, iut gat ejr`mthy hjgkè ta, tn` prad`mt. Jg tnjs r`lcre tn` us` ao pcrchh`hmabph`b`gtcry ap`rctjags (sumn cs tn` Hca @gvjragb`gt cge ]amjch Vrad`mt)js cg cppracmn tnct snauhe i` r`phjmctè jg sjbjhcr mcs`s.

Oaur irace qu`stjags ciaut prad`mt `magabjms w`r` rcjsè eurjgl GU9

prad`mt pr`pcrctjag4

\cs tn` prad`mt g`èè iy tn` prapasè mabbjssjagjgl ect` (jo ct chh)1 \cs tn` prad`mt magsjst`gt wjtn tn` h`cst-mast strct`ly oar `xpcgejgl

Uncjhcges paw`r supphy1

Av`rvj`w 3:


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\auhe tn`r i` `gauln vchu` ceeè orab GU9s paw`r praeumtjag ta, ctc bjgjbub, mabp`gsct` tn` prad`mts `gvjragb`gtch cge samjch jbpcmtsjg Hca VEY1

Naw hjk`hy wcs tn` prad`mt ta r`bcjg magabjmchhy vjcih av`r tjb 1

Jg mncpt`r =, Bcrk ]`lch `xphar`s tnas` qu`stjags jg sab` e`ptn, r`cmnjglpasjtjv` magmhusjags ciaut chh ao tn`b.

Un` mncpt`r chsa ejsmuss`s rjsk cgchysjs. @v`g raiust cgchytjms bcy gat ouhhyjgmarparct` tn` passjih` `xt`gt ao sab` ugm`rtcjgtj`s4 oaur y`crs cot`r tn` e`-v`hapb`gt ao tn` bcdar cssubptjags uge`rhyjgl tnjs wark, tn` warhe `vahvè

jg wcys tnct ga ag` er`cbè ao, h`t chag` magsje`rè cge ejsbjssè cs taa jb-praicih` ta cgchyz`. Ljv`g tnjs `xp`rj`gm`, tn` cutnar csks4 Cr` magv`gtjagchvj`ws ciaut r`csagcih` iaugecrj`s ao rjsk cgchysjs ce`quct` oar cgchyzjgl crcgl` ao outur` autmab`s1 Naw usòuh js jt ta e`p`ge ag oar`mcsts, naw`v`r`hciarct` cge wnct`v`r tn` cssubptjag rcgl`s, oar prad`mt `vchuctjag1

\jtn r`sp`mt ta tn` prad`mts ojgcgmjch pcmkcl`, Ycb Mnaprc cpphcuestn` quchjty cge sapnjstjmctjag ao jts e`sjlg. N` gat`s tnct tn` \arhe Icgksojgcgmjch pcrtg`rs cppr`mjctè tn` prao`ssjagchjsb cge `xp`rtjs` ao \arheIcgk stcoo cge tn` vchu` ao jts `gvjragb`gtch cge samjch stcgecres. Jg ocmt,wjtn bjgar vcrjctjags, tn`y wauhe hjk` ta s`` \arhe Icgk stcgecres cp-phjè jg outur` prad`mts, `v`g wn`g tn` \arhe Icgk js gat ejr`mthy jg-vahvè. Un`y chsa cppr`mjctè tnct tnrauln tn` summ`ssouh ojgcgmjch mhasurào GU9, tn` \arhe Icgk rcjsè tn` mrèjtwartnjg`ss ao Hca VEY, bckjgl jtpassjih` oar jgt`rgctjagch h`ge`rs cge prjvct` e`v`hap`rs ta s`rjaushy mag-sje`r tckjgl Hca rjsk oar outur` prjvct` s`mtar prad`mts wjtnaut lucrcgt``sorab tn` \arhe Icgk (cge jg sab` mcs`s wjtnaut rjsk bjtjlctjag iy atn`rjgstjtutjags).

Ag tn` g`lctjv` sje`, pcrtg`rs mrjtjmjzè tn` \arhe Icgk oar ocjhjgl ta ug-e`rstcge tn` magstrcjgts uge`r wnjmn tn` prjvct` s`mtar ap`rct`s. Ua ceer`sstnjs magm`rg, tn` \arhe Icgk g`ès ta `gsur` tnct stcoo b`bi`rs cr` s`gsjtjv`ta tn` magt`xt wjtnjg wnjmn tn` prjvct` s`mtar ap`rct`s.

Jbpravjgl pram`ss òojmj`gmy js chsa mrjtjmch. @crhy jg tn` pr`pcrctjagpram`ss, tn` ojgcgmjch cge atn`r masts tnct ncv` ta i` iarg` iy tn` e`v`hap`rsbust i` mh`crhy sp`hhè aut cge clr`è ta. Un` prjvct` s`mtar g`ès bar` pr`-ejmtcih` iuel`t cge mast `stjbct`s up oragt; jt ncs s`rjaus praih`bs wjtn ap`g-

geè mabbjtb`gts.Maarejgctjag i`tw``g buhtjph` `xp`rts cge bjssjags g`ès jbprav`b`gt,

sa tnct ejoo`r`gt b`sscl`s cr` gat magv`yè ta pcrtg`rs. @gsurjgl tn` pr`-ejmtcijhjty ao `xp`mtctjags cge cvajejgl tn` p`rm`ptjag ao snjotjgl lachpasts



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js mrjtjmch. Un` jgoarbctjag ohaw, pcrtjmuhcrhy cbagl pcrtg`rs, bust i` w`hh

bcgclè ta pravje` tjb`hy jgoarbctjag jg c bcgg`r stck`nahe`rs mcg

uge`rstcge.Un` \arhe Icgk g`ès ta magsje`r bar` mcròuhhy tn` ichcgm` i`tw``g jts

ojgcgmjgl rah` cge tn` pahjmy h`v`rcl` jt `x`rmjs`s, jg r`malgjtjag ao tn` ocmt

tnct jts us` ao pahjmy h`v`rcl` jbpas`s masts cs w`hh cs i`gòjts oar iarraw`r

cge e`v`hap`rs. Jg chh hcrl`, njln-vjsjijhjty, cge magt`gtjaus prad`mts, tn`\arhe Icgk g`ès ta strjk` c i`tt`r ichcgm` i`tw``g tn` g`è oar magtjguaus

s`gjar bcgcl`b`gt av`rsjlnt cge tn` g`è ta bcjgtcjg tn` cutnarjty ao tn`

t`cb bcgcl`r wjtn r`sp`mt ta iatn jgt`rgch cge `xt`rgch phcy`rs.

Mncpt`r = pravje`s sab` usòuh sull`stjags ag naw ta jbprav` tn` \arheIcgks iusjg`ss bae`h. E`tcjhè rjsk je`gtjojmctjag `crhy jg tn` prad`mt pr`pc-

rctjag mymh` cge e`v`hapb`gt ao rjsk-bjtjlctjag b`csur`s ta mav`r chh rjsksh`ce ta c rjsk-cvajecgm` strct`ly rctn`r tncg cg cppraprjct` rjsk-bcgcl`b`gt

strct`ly. \jtn tnct jg bjge, oar chh hcrl` jgorcstrumtur` prad`mts, tn` \arhe

Icgk bcy wjsn ta ceer`ss rjsk bcgcl`b`gt jg c twa-stcl` e`mjsjag pram`ss. Jgtn` ojrst stcl`, crhy jg tn` prad`mt mymh`, tn` \arhe Icgk wauhe e`mje` jg prjg-

mjph` wn`tn`r ar gat ta ouge c prad`mt. Unjs e`mjsjag mauhe i` icsè ag cg up-

oragt css`ssb`gt ao rjsks cge r`wcres cge tn` prcmtjmchjty ao bjtjlctjgl rjsks tacg cmm`ptcih` h`v`h. Jo pasjtjv`, sumn c e`mjsjag snauhe i` oahhawè iy c e`mj-sjag orcb`wark tnct jgmhue`s c s`t ao e`tcjhè (y`t oh`xjih`) bagjtarcih`

cmnj`v`b`gt tcrl`ts, cgmnarè jg c twa- ta tnr``-y`cr wark pralrcb, suppartè

iy eagar cge lav`rgb`gt iuel`ts, wjtn wark-sncrjgl crrcgl`b`gts wjtnojgcgmj`rs cge pcrtg`rs. ]umn c orcb`wark, jo jbph`b`gtè ta tn` sctjsocmtjag

ao tn` \arhe Icgk, wauhe h`ce ta tn` Icgks uhtjbct` e`mjsjag ag jgvahv`-

b`gt jg tn` prad`mt. Unjs cppracmn wauhe sjlgch jgt`r`st iy tn` \arhe Icgk

`crhj`r; `stcihjsn trcgspcr`gt, b`csurcih`, cge bagjtarcih` lachpasts; cgeprabpt tn` e`v`hap`r ta mabbjt r`saurm`s ta e`sjlg sco`lucres saag`r tncg

wcs tn` mcs` jg GU9. Jt wauhe chsa n`hp mr`ct` cg `gvjragb`gt jg wnjmn tn`lav`rgb`gt wauhe i` bar` hjk`hy ta clr`` ta dubp-stcrt mcpcmjty iujhejgl `cr-

hj`r, ct iatn tn` gctjagch cge tn` prad`mt h`v`hs. Oar tn` \arhe Icgk, sumn cg

cppracmn wauhe rèum` tn` rjsks ao pravjejgl sjlgchs ag jts uhtjbct` jgvahv`-b`gt taa `crhy, wjtnaut ncvjgl mabph`tè jts eu` ejhjl`gm`

Orab tn` \arhe Icgks pajgt ao vj`w, GU9 js c laae g`ws/ice g`ws stary.

Un` laae g`ws js tnct jts ncre wark cge njln stcgecres hè ta tn` summ`ssouh jg-traeumtjag ao Hca VEY ta tn` prjvct` jgt`rgctjagch bcrk`ts cge ap`gè uppassjijhjtj`s oar prjvct` e`v`hap`rs ta s`rjaushy magsje`r hcrl` jgorcstrumtur`

prad`mts jg atn`r haw-jgmab` @cst Csjcg maugtrj`s wjtn w`ck mrèjtwartnjg`ss.

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Un` ice g`ws js tnct tn` \arhe Icgk js s``g cs c njln-mast/njln-ncssh` pcrt-g`r ao hcst r`sart. Un`r` js tn`ròar` c mrjtjmch g`è ta rèum` tn` masts tn` prj-vct` s`mtar jgmurs oar eajgl iusjg`ss wjtn tn` \arhe Icgk. Eajgl sa wjhh r`-qujr` tn` \arhe Icgk ta i`tt`r uge`rstcge tn` magstrcjgts uge`r wnjmn tn`prjvct` s`mtar warks.

Mncpt`r 54 \arkjgl wjtn ]tck`nahe`rs

Mncpt`r 5, iy Gczjr Cnbce, `xcbjg`s tn` mnchh`gl`s ao `glcljgl c vcrjècge mncgljgl rast`r ao stck`nahe`rsjgmhuejgl pàph` coo`mtè iy tn` prad-`mt, tn` lav`rgb`gt, e`v`hap`rs, cge mrjtjms ao tn` prad`mtcge ercws h`ssagsciaut stck`nahe`r r`hctjags orab tn` `xp`rj`gm`s ao GU9 pr`pcrctjag. Jt ojrsthaaks ct tn` pram`ss ao sahjmjtjgl tn` vj`ws ao pàph` coo`mtè iy tn` prad`mttnrauln hamch magsuhtctjags. @crhy òoarts w`r` ag`-wcy bagahalu`s tncttrcgsbjttè t`mngjmch jgoarbctjag iut eje hjtth` ta `hjmjt surocmjgl ao ugmab-oartcih` qu`stjags ar apjgjags. Un`s` snartmabjgls w`r` ceer`ssè cot`r 966=,wn`g c g`w b`tnaeahaly `hjmjtè ouhh`r cge bar` ugsmrjptè o`èicmk. Ua gsur` tnct tn` magsuhtctjag pram`ss wcs raiust cge b`cgjglouh, tn` jgt`rgc-

tjagch ojgcgmjch jgstjtutjags `glclè c w`hh-r`sp`mtè jgt`rgctjagch samjchcgtnrapahaljst, wjtn `xp`rtjs` ag Hca VEY, ta bagjtar tn` òoarts. Un` mag-suhtctjag òoarts summ`ssouhhy iraulnt oarwcre c irace crrcy ao apjgjags, wnjmnw`r` jgmarparctè jgta tn` prad`mt e`sjlg cge cppracmn; naw`v`r, tn` crrcy aohjv`hjnaae aptjags (wnjmn w`r` av`rwn`hbjgl ta sab` r`s`tth`rs) mauhe ncvì``g sjbphjojè, cge tn` ojgejgls ao tn` magsuhtctjags mauhe ncv` i``g baròuhhy ncrv`stè iy i`tt`r mctchalujgl, usjgl, cge crmnjvjgl tn` jgoarbctjagmahh`mtè.

Un` cutnar str`ss`s tn` jbpartcgm` ao hamch magsuhtctjags i`ljggjgl `crhy jgtn` prad`mt e`v`hapb`gt mymh`, sa tnct ce`quct` ics`hjg` jgoarbctjag mcg i`mahh`mtè. Magsuhtctjag òoarts snauhe i` tcjharè ta tn` coo`mtè papuhctjag tajbprav` uge`rstcgejgl cge r`bav` icrrj`rs ta `xpr`ssjag ao apjgjags, wjtn cgjge`p`ge`gt bagjtar `glclè ta v`rjoy tn` raiustg`ss ao tn` òoarts. Vàph`coo`mtè iy tn` prad`mt snauhe i` s`lb`gtè (icsè ag jssu`s, mncrcmt`rjstjms,cge magm`rgs, oar xcbph`), wjtn mh`cr lrauge ruh`s put jg phcm` ta pr`v`gt cu-tnarjty ojlur`s orab eabjgctjgl ejsmussjags ar mabprabjsjgl mcgear.

Mncpt`r 5 chsa `xcbjg`s tn` muhtjvctjag ao b`cgjglouh `glcl`b`gt wjtntn` lav`rgb`gt. Jg tn` `crhy y`crs ao prad`mt e`v`hapb`gt, iòar` 3:::, tn`lav`rgb`gts rah` jg GU9 wcs hjbjtè, wjtn tn` e`v`hap`r h`cejgl tn` ooartscge lav`rgb`gt r`hyjgl n`cvjhy ag `xt`rgch cevjs`rs. Un` lav`rgb`gt



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gdayè c marejch r`hctjagsnjp wjtn tn` e`v`hap`r iut wcs r`hctjv`hy ugoc-bjhjcr wjtn tn` \arhe Icgk. Un`r` wcs c hcmk ao mh`cr uge`rstcgejgl ao`cmn pcrtys aid`mtjv`s, magstrcjgts, r`qujr`b`gts, cge `xp`mtctjags. Cs

GU9 wcs r`mcst cs bar` ao c e`v`hapb`gt (rctn`r tncg sjbphy c stcge-chag` nyerapaw`r) prad`mt, tn` lav`rgb`gt taak ag c bar` cmtjv` h`ce`r-snjp rah`. Unrauln pr`pcrctjag ao tn` maugtrys pav`rty rèumtjag strct`ly,cpprcjsch ao s`v`rch r`hctè prad`mts, cge vcrjaus atn`r jgt`rcmtjags, tn`\arhe Icgk cge tn` lav`rgb`gt muhtjvctè lr`ct`r butuch trust cge mag-oje`gm` av`r tjb`.

]`v`rch strct`ljm h`ssags `b`rl` orab tnjs `xp`rj`gm`. Ua cvaje t`gsjags

eawg tn` race, `crhy css`ssb`gt snauhe i` bce` ta e`t`rbjg` tn` ougecb`g-tch aid`mtjv`s ao chh k`y stck`nahe`rs, cs w`hh cs tn`jr arlcgjzctjagch crrcgl`-b`gts cge mcpcmjty magstrcjgts. Un` lav`rgb`gt, tn` \arhe Icgk, cge maug-t`rpcrts snauhe s``k mabbag uge`rstcgejgl ciaut rjsks cge r`wcres. Uamhcrjoy `xp`mtctjags, tn`y snauhe ejsmuss wnct r`qujr`b`gts, pravjsjags, cgestcgecres cr` gagg`latjcih`, cge wny, cge e`v`hap c mabbag, clr`è-upaguge`rstcgejgl ao rjsks cge r`wcres.

Un` r`hctjagsnjp i`tw``g tn` \arhe Icgk cge tn` e`v`hap`r wcs strcjgè

ct tjb`s, i`mcus` ao ejoo`rjgl cge sab`tjb`s magohjmtjgl jgt`r`sts. Unjs wcsmabpaugeè iy buhtjph` pajgts ao magtcmt wjtn tn` \arhe Icgk tnct eje gatchwcys pr`s`gt magsjst`gt b`sscl`s cge iy `xmncgl`s ao jgoarbctjag tnct w`r`gat chwcys cs tjb`hy cs e`sjrè. Mhasur` wcs `v`gtuchhy r`cmnè, iy ejhjl`gthywarkjgl tnrauln ejoo`r`gm`s, iut tn` pram`ss wcs ct tjb`s magt`gtjaus cgesab` appartugjtj`s oar mcpcmjty iujhejgl bcy ncv` i``g hast jg tn` jgt`r`st aostcyjgl ag smnèuh`.

Orab tn` i`ljggjgl, GU9 wcs c hjlntgjgl rae oar mrjtjmjsb; tn` eìct` ag

ecbs cge GU9 nce c hagl cge magt`gtjaus njstary. Un` \arhe Icgk nce tai` ag lucre clcjgst r`putctjagch rjsk orab bjsjgoarbctjag. Av`r tjb`, jt mcb`ta us` mabbugjmctjags cs c strct`ljm h`v`r ta jgohu`gm` tn` eìct` ag GU9.Un` cutnar hcues cs jggavctjv` cge vchucih` tn` us` ao pracmtjv` cge mag-strumtjv` mabbugjmctjags ta `gsur` tnct ichcgmè cge ocmtuch jgoarbctjagwcs bce` cvcjhcih` ta chh stck`nahe`rs, jgmhuejgl mrjtjms ao GU9. \njh` cm-kgawhèljgl tnct bcgy mrjtjms ncv` e``p-raatè vj`ws tnct w`r` ughjk`hy tai` mncglè, n` gat`s tnct sab` appartugjtj`s oar magstrumtjv` `glcl`b`gtwjtn mrjtjms bcy ncv` i``g bjssè i`mcus` ao bjsp`rm`ptjags (oar `xcbph`,tn` i`hjò tnct `cmn pcrtys vj`w wcs ojrb cge ugjojè jgt`rgchhy, h`cvjgl garaab oar cht`rgctjv` vj`ws). N` ljv`s mrjtjms mrèjt oar aoo`rjgl c gubi`r aon`hpouh jgsjlnts, pasjgl mrjtjmch qu`stjags tnct n`hpè je`gtjoy jssu`s tnct nce

Av`rvj`w 9=


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gat r`m`jvè ce`quct` ctt`gtjag, cge prabptjgl e``p`r `xcbjgctjag ao tn`\arhe Icgks cge tn` e`v`hap`rs cssubptjags cge prèjspasjtjags, iut n`gat`s tnct bcjgtcjgjgl magstrumtjv` ejchalu` wcs ejoojmuht. Jg tn` outur`, tn`\arhe Icgk snauhe phcm` `v`g lr`ct`r `bpncsjs ag uge`rstcgejgl tn` uge`r-hyjgl magm`rgs ao jts mrjtjms, `v`g jo tn` mrjtjmjsbs cr` icsè ag jeàhaljmchlrauges.

Ag magtrav`rsjch prad`mts, c pracmtjv` cge twa-wcy mabbugjmctjags strct`lysnauhe i` jg phcm` orab tn` stcrt. Unct strct`ly snauhe e`bagstrct` trcgs-pcr`gmy cge aoo`r b`cgjglouh, cmmurct`, tjb`hy, cge cmm`ssjih` jgoarbctjag tachh stck`nahe`rs. _j`ws snauhe i` `hjmjtè orab tn` ouhh rcgl` ao jgt`r`stè pcr-

tj`s, strjkjgl c n`chtny ichcgm` i`tw``g hjst`gjgl ta jssu`s cge eò`gejglclcjgst jgmarr`mt jgoarbctjag. ]p`mjojm iut oh`xjih` luje`hjg`s snauhe i` `stci-hjsnè oar ejstjglujsnjgl h`ljtjbct` magm`rgs orab òoarts ta stchh ar ncht c prad-`mt. C syst`b snauhe i` jg phcm` ta mctchalu` cge vchuct` mrjtjmjsbs cge trcmkr`spags`s. G`lctjv` pr`ss snauhe i` cgtjmjpctè, jgt`rgch òoarts snauhe bcg-cl` `xp`mtctjags cge r`cmtjags, cge spak`spàph` snauhe i` trcjgè ta ncgeh`tn` rcgl` ao jssu`s. Jgt`rgctjagch warksnaps snauhe i` e`sjlgè, ag c mcs`-iy-mcs` icsjs, sa tnct vj`ws cmrass c irace rcgl` ao pcrtjmjpcgts cr` `hjmjtè; jgoar-

bctjag snauhe i` pravjeè w`hh cn`ce ao tn` ejsmussjag, cge jge`p`ge`gtbae`rctars cge ocmjhjtctjag t`mngjqu`s snauhe i` usè ta stjbuhct` magstrum-tjv` ejchalu`. Oahhawjgl tn` warksnaps, `vchuctjags snauhe i` uge`rtck`g tae`t`rbjg` jo tn` e`sjlg wcs òo`mtjv`.

Un` lav`rgb`gt cge e`v`hap`rs oauge tn` \arhe Icgks e`mjsjag-bckjglb`mncgjsbs ta i` ejoous` cge ugprèjmtcih` cge jts oamus ag rjsks `xm`ssjv`.Un`y w`r` orustrctè, pcrtjmuhcrhy av`r tn` p`rm`jvè snjotjgl ao lachpasts (oar`xcbph`, tn` gubi`r cge smap` ao bcgectè cgchytjmch stuej`s) cs prad`mt

pr`pcrctjag `gsuè. Un` cutnar sull`sts tnct tn` \arhe Icgk mh`crhy mabbu-gjmct` jts e`mjsjag icsjs ta chh stck`nahe`rs cge mhcrjoy prjarjtj`s cge r`qujr`-b`gts up oragt, icsè ag trcgspcr`gt rctjagch`. Ncvjgl c sbchh t`cb ag tnè`v`hap`r sje` maarejgct` buhtjph` stuej`s icsè ag cg clr`è cge prjarjtjzèbcst`r hjst wauhe n`hp ta i`tt`r chhamct` r`saurm`s; cge bar` m`gtrchjzè prad-`mt bcgcl`b`gt ag tn` \arhe Icgk sje` mauhe ncv` i`tt`r ocmjhjtctè cge ma-arejgctè jgoarbctjag r`qu`sts cmrass tn` vcrjaus s`mtars.

Mncpt`r 04 Un` Mabbugjmctjags Mnchh`gl`

Mncpt`r 0 pravje`s sab` ourtn`r ròh`mtjags ag tn` mabbugjmctjags mnchh`glòar GU9, wjtn c pcrtjmuhcr oamus ag tn` rah` phcyè iy tn` \arhe Icgk. Jt



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e`smrji`s tn` ugusuch rah` tnct mabbugjmctjags phcyè tnraulnaut tn` css`ss-b`gt, phcggjgl, cge jbph`b`gtctjag ao GU9. Mabjgl cot`r c spct` ao magtra-v`rsjchcge sab`tjb`s ocjhè ar wjtnercwgprad`mts, GU9 wcs s``g iybcgy suppart`rs cge mrjtjms cs c t`st mcs`. Jt jgn`rjtè h`lcmy jssu`s, jgmhuejglmagm`rgs tnct cgy bcdar jgorcstrumtur` prad`mt wauhe i` i`s`t iy `xt`rgchmnchh`gl`s ta tn` pajgt tnct tn` prad`mt t`cb wauhe i` ugcih` ta p`roarb jtsprap`r rah`.

Cmmarejgl ta V`t`r ]t`pn`gs, tn` mncpt`rs cutnar, s`v`rch mrjtjmch ocmtarsmagtrjiutè ta tn` summ`ss ao tn` mabbugjmctjags ap`rctjag. Cbagl tn`bw`r` tn` `stcihjsnb`gt ao tn` mabbugjmctjags ougmtjag cs c m`gtrch mabpa-

g`gt ao tn` mar` prad`mt t`cb, tn` jgmhusjag ao mabbugjmctjags sp`mjchjsts jgtn` mar` prad`mt t`cb, clr``b`gt ag b`sscl`s cge tn` g`è oar tn` \arheIcgk ta i` mh`cr ag jts pasjtjag ct chh tjb`s, c mabbjtb`gt ta trcgspcr`gmyorab tn` `crhj`st stcl`s ao prad`mt magsje`rctjag, cge tn` lav`rgb`gts `b-ircm` ao qujmk cge ap`g mabbugjmctjags orab jts awg aoojm`s.

C pcrtjmuhcrhy jgt`r`stjgl csp`mt ao tn` GU9 mabbugjmctjags òoart wcs tn``xt`gt ta wnjmn jt ejoo`rè orab crhj`r prad`mts jg e`chjgl wjtn GLAs tnct w`r``gtr`gmnè jg tn`jr appasjtjag ta tn` prad`mt. V`t`r ]t`pn`gs crlu`s tnct tn`

pasjtjags ao sumn mrjtjms w`r` w`hh kgawg cge jbbavcih`. Un` \arhe Icgk smru-tjgjzè cge r`spageè ta tn`jr qu`stjagsiut jt bce` sur` jt eje gat i`mab`sje`trcmkè ar chhaw jts`ho ta i` eòjgè iy cvawè appag`gts ao tn` prad`mt.

Un` cutnar magmhue`s tnct tn` mabbugjmctjags mabpag`gt ao GU9 mcgcge snauhe i` cecptè ta atn`r mabph`x jgorcstrumtur` prad`mts. Vrad`mts tnctuge`rvchu` tn` rah` ao mabbugjmctjags `xpas` tn`bs`hv`s ta g`èh`ss cge`xp`gsjv` rjsks.

Mncpt`r ?4 ]ab` Mrass-Muttjgl H`ssags

Jg mncpt`r ?, `xp`rts orab tn` Euk` M`gt`r oar Jgt`rgctjagch E`v`hapb`gt(EMJE) ercw mrass-muttjgl h`ssags oar tn` \arhe Icgkicsè hcrl`hy ag tnòjgejgls ao mncpt`rs 95jg sjx cr`cs4

Urcgsoarbjgl GU9 jgta c samjch e`v`hapb`gt cge pav`rty rèumtjagprad`mt

Iujhejgl lav`rgb`gt mcpcmjty cge trust i`tw``g tn` \arhe Icgk cge tn`lav`rgb`gt

Cpphyjgl tn` \arhe Icgks `gvjragb`gtch cge samjch sco`lucre pahjmj`sta tn` prad`mt

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Bcgcljgl prad`mt ojgcgmjch rjsks Magstrumtjv hy `glcljgl stck`nahe`rs Av rs``jgl cge bcgcljgl GU9.

Ua n`hp tn` maugtry r`cey jts`ho oar GU9, tn` prad`mt nce ta i` mabph`b`gtèiy c pralrcb ao irace`r e`v`hapb`gt jgt`rv`gtjagslajgl w`hh i`yage c typj-mch prad`mt. Un` \arhe Icgk n`hpè tn` lav`rgb`gt jbprav` trcgspcr`gmy cgecmmaugtcijhjty, tn`rìy str`gltn`gjgl jts jgstjtutjags cge pram`ss`s. Un` cutnars`gears` tn` ceaptjag ao tn` g`w iusjg`ss pram`ss uge`r wnjmn GU9 prad`mtpr`pcrctjag wcs hjgkè ta tn` lav`rgb`gts pralr`ss ag jbph`b`gtjgl phcgs

cge pahjmj`s oar rèumjgl pav`rty cge jbpravjgl `gvjragb`gtch bcgcl`b`gt,magmhuejgl tnct tnjs hjgkcl` wcs k`y ta gurturjgl tn` lrawtn ao butuch trustcge cmmaugtcijhjty tnct ocmjhjtctè pralr`ss jg chh cr`cs. Un` cutnars gat` tncts`gsjtjvjtj`s ta tn` muhturch cge pahjtjmch magt`xt ao Hca VEY; cg `gncgmè oj`hepr`s`gm` iy \arhe Icgk stcoo; cge `bpncsjs ag ap`gg`ss, r`sp`mt, cge magsjs-t`gmy ao b`sscl`s n`hpè e``p`g trust av`r tn` y`crs, cs eje sybiahjm cge sui-stcgtjv` sjlgs ao mabbjtb`gt iy njln h`v`hs jg tn` lav`rgb`gt cge tn` \arheIcgk. G`v`rtn`h`ss, c ouhh`r cge `crhj`r uge`rstcgejgl ao tn` magstrcjgts ao chhk`y stck`nahe`rs, wjtn mh`cr e`hjg`ctjag ao gagg`latjcih` r`qujr`b`gts cgestcgecres, wauhe ncv` i``g i`gòjmjch, cge mcpcmjty iujhejgl mauhe ncv` i``gbar` mabpr`n`gsjv` wjtn `crhj`r cge i`tt`r chjlgb`gt ao aid`mtjv`s, b`csur`-b`gt ao sp`mjojms skjhhs r`qujrè, cge bar` mustabjzè trcjgjgl.

Cpphjmctjag ao tn` \arhe Icgks sco`lucre pahjmj`s n`hpè rèum` tn` av`r-chh rjsk ao tn` prad`mt wnjh` jgmr`csjgl tn` prad`mts mrèjijhjty wjtn stck`nahe-`rs. Un` mr`ctjv` cpphjmctjag ao `gvjragb`gtch s`t-csje`s ta aoos`t jgugectècr`cs js n`hpjgl `gsur` hagl-t`rb g`t i`gòjts tnrauln prat`mtjag ao cedcm`gtcr`cs. Un` mr`ctjag ao c pcg`h ao `xp`rts ncs i``g jgstrub`gtch jg pravjejgl

lujecgm` ag `gvjragb`gtch cge samjch csp`mts, jgmhuejgl tn` jbp`tus oar e`-v`hapjgl mabpr`n`gsjv` samjch cge `gvjragb`gtch bcgcl`b`gt phcgs cgeuge`rtckjgl `xt`gsjv` stuej`s jg suppart ao jbpcmt je`gtjojmctjag. B`cgjglouhcge trcgspcr`gt magsuhtctjags, wnjmn stcrtè ct tn` `crhy stcl` ao r`s`tth`b`gtphcggjgl cge magtjguè jgta jbph`b`gtctjag, ncv` i``g mrjtjmch oar je`gtjoy-jgl sahutjags prò`rrè iy vjhhcl`rs. Cg jggavctjv` cppracmn ceaptè oar g`èscss`ssb`gt, oamusjgl ag hjv`hjnaaes cge vuhg`rcijhjtj`s, js n`hpjgl ta `gsur`tnct Jgejl`gaus Vàph`s coo`mtè iy tn` prad`mt cr` pravjeè wjtn cppraprjct`

e`v`hapb`gt aptjags.Bar` mauhe ncv` i``g eag`, naw`v`r, ta cvaje p`rm`ptjags tnct tn` \arhe

Icgk wcs bavjgl lachpasts wn`g cgchysjs e`bagstrctè c h`ljtjbct` g`è oarceejtjagch sco`lucre stuej`s. Ourtn`r e`v`hapb`gt ao c pr`pcrctjag orcb`wark

9? EAJGL C ECB I@UU@Y


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mauhe ncv` n`hpè str`cbhjg` cpphjmctjag ao tn` sco`lucres iy mh`crhy e`hjg`ct-

jgl rah`s cge r`spagsjijhjtj`s oar chh pcrtj`s. ]umn c orcb`wark mauhe ncv`s`rvè cs tn` icsjs oar e`v`hapjgl cg `xphjmjt cge jgt`lrctè e`mjsjag pram`ss

oar e`t`rbjgjgl r`qujr`b`gts oar cgchytjmch stuej`s. @crhy smr``gjgl cge smap-

jgl ao `gvjragb`gtch cge samjch jssu`s, mcrrjè aut wjtn stck`nahe`r magsuhtc-tjag, wauhe ncv` n`hpè je`gtjoy k`y jssu`s. Ncvjgl c mh`cr sjglh` pajgt ao mag-

tcmt oar maarejgctjag ao sco`lucres jssu`s wauhe ncv` ocmjhjtctè jgt`rcmtjagswjtn maugt`rpcrts.

Un` cutnars ljv` njln bcrks ta tn` tr`ctb`gt ao tn` ojgcgmjch rjsk aoGU9. Mabpr`n`gsjv` cge jgt`lrctè rjsk css`ssb`gt wcs mageumtè ct tn`

auts`t ta je`gtjoy k`y rjsks cge e`vjs` cppraprjct` bjtjlctjag strct`lj`s.Mr`ctjvjty cge jggavctjag w`r` mrjtjmch jg e`sjlgjgl tn` lucrcgt`` strum-

tur`, ougejgl tn` lav`rgb`gts `qujty jg tn` prad`mt, cge tcjharjgl tn`

ojgcgmjch pcmkcl` ta ojt tn` r`wcre/rjsk praojh` ao tn` ejv`rs` s`t ao jgv`stars.Ua n`hp bjtjlct` mrjtjmjsbs cge magm`rgs, pralr`ss ag lav`rgcgm` bctt`rs

g`ès ta k``p pcm` wjtn prad`mt ojgcgmjgl òoarts. ]`gsjtjvjty ta mast magsje-`rctjags cge iure`g sncrjgl js chsa g`èè, wjtn mh`cr je`gtjojmctjag cge

clr``b`gt iy chh pcrtj`s `crhy jg tn` pram`ss. Un` òojmj`gmy ao tn` ojgcgmjgl

pram`ss mauhe i` jbpravè iy warkjgl wjtn c sbchh`r gubi`r ao jgstjtutjags,`cmn mcrryjgl c hcrl`r sncr` cge i`jgl jgvahvè jg tn` pram`ss cge k`y e`mj-sjags orab `crhy ag.

@sp`mjchhy jg tn` mcs` ao jgt`rgctjagchhy s`gsjtjv` prad`mts, c mh`cr strct`lyoar òo`mtjv` `glcl`b`gt cge mabbugjmctjag (jgmhuejgl magsuhtctjags cge

ejsmhasur`) n`hps irace`g uge`rstcgejgl, `gncgm` trcgspcr`gmy cge cmmaugt-

cijhjty, jbprav` prad`mt e`sjlg cge jbph`b`gtctjag, cge pcv` tn` wcy oarbar` magstrumtjv` mrjtjmjsb. Jt js chsa jbpartcgt ta `gsur` tn` cvcjhcijhjty ao

`csjhy cmm`ssjih` jgoarbctjag tnct js cmmurct`, ichcgmè, tjb`hy, cge mabpr`-n`gsjih` cs c oaugectjag oar jgoarbè ejchalu`.

Ncvjgl twa s`pcrct` iut r`hctè prad`mts (GU9 cge tn` Gcb Unùg 9]amjch cge @gvjragb`gt Vrad`mt [GU]@VR) `gcihè aid`mtjv`s ta i` tcjharè

cge ap`rctjagch oh`xjijhjty ta i` bcjgtcjgè. Ncvjgl c eèjmctè prad`mt t`cbtnct jgmhueè stragl t`mngjmch skjhhs, k``g cwcr`g`ss ao tn` hamch pahjtjmch cge

muhturch magt`xt, stragl mabbjtb`gt ta n`hpjgl tn` maugtry cmnj`v` jtse`v`hapb`gt aid`mtjv`s, cge c laae uge`rstcgejgl ao tn` \arhe Icgk

iur`cumrcmy wcs jgstrub`gtch ta mcrryjgl aut tn` prad`mt pr`pcrctjag tcskssumm`ssouhhy. Cg jgt`rgch prad`mt av`rsjlnt lraup n`hpè tn` \arhe Icgkbcjgtcjg cg jgt`lrctè cge maarejgctè jgt`rgch cppracmn cge e`bagstrct`

cg jgstjtutjagch mabbjtb`gt. G`v`rtn`h`ss, GU9 wcs ejoojmuht cge masthy

Av`rvj`w 9


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Mncpt`r >4 GU94 C Urcgsoarbctjv` @ge`cvar

Mabph`b`gtjgl tn` ais`rvctjags jg mncpt`r . N` r`-

v`chs naw GU9 prad`mt lachs cr` i`jgl r`chjzè ag tn` lrauge cge ceer`ss`ssab` ao tn` mnchh`gl`s cn`ce jg oaur cr`cs4 tn` e`v`hapb`gt magt`xt, tn` ny-erapaw`r ocmjhjty cge r`hctè jgorcstrumtur`, `gvjragb`gtch cge samjch pra-

lrcbs, cge jgt`rgctjagch suppart.Cmnj`vjgl ojgcgmjch mhasur` ag GU9 jg 9660 iuayè tn` nyerapaw`r jg-

eustry warhewje`. Jt chsa lcv` mrè`gm` ta tn` gatjag tnct Hca VEY mauhe

tcp jts rjmn wct`r r`saurm`s ta ceer`ss tn` paw`r g`ès ao jts g`jlniars cge`v`gtuchhy i`mab` tn` ictt`ry ao ]autn @cst Csjc. Un` prad`mt n`hpè jg-

stjtutjagchjz` puihjm-prjvct` pcrtg`rsnjp cs c iusjg`ss bae`h jg tn` maugtry.]jgm` tn` e`chs mhasur`, jgt`r`st jg jgv`stjgl jg Hca nyerapaw`r ncs sw`hhè,

wjtn c nyera rusn `gsujgl cs ecb iujhe`rs cge magtrcmtars, paw`r utjhjtj`s,cge magsuhtcgts e`sm`ge ag tn` maugtry. Bavjgl oarwcre bust i` eag` jg cb`tnaejmch cge mcròuh wcy, icsè ag c s`mtar strct`ly cge phcgs, sa tnct ap-

partugjtj`s cr` pursuè ag tn` icsjs ao sustcjgcijhjty, cooarecijhjty, cge i`g`-

ojt sncrjgl.Vctn-ir`ckjgl cge wje`-r`cmnjgl ròarbs ncv` i``g cmnj`vè jg puihjm

ojgcgmjch bcgcl`b`gt jg Hca VEY; ròarb bab`gtub ncs i``g sustcjgè,suppartè iy cg cutnarjzjgl pahjtjmch `gvjragb`gt cge sjlgjojmcgt strje`s jg

jbph`b`gtctjag mcpcmjty. Un` lav`rgb`gts mabbjtb`gt ta ròarbs ncsi``g bctmnè iy e`v`hapb`gt pcrtg`rs wjhhjglg`ss ta pravje` t`mngjmchcge ojgcgmjch suppart oar ròarb jbph`b`gtctjag. @bièejgl tn` GU9

r`v`gu`-bcgcl`b`gt crrcgl`b`gt jg tn` irace`r Vuihjm Ojgcgmjch Bcg-

cl`b`gt ]tr`gltn`gjgl Vralrcb ncs n`hpè k``p wark hcrl`hy ag trcmk. Un`prjarjty pralrcbs `hjljih` ta r`m`jv` GU9 r`v`gu`s ncv` i``g je`gtjojè.Un` mnchh`gl`s lajgl oarwcre wjhh i` ta trcmk `xp`gejtur`s, bagjtar p`r-oarbcgm`, cuejt `xp`gs`s, cge magtjgu` tn` jbpr`ssjv` pralr`ss tawcre

mr`ctjag ao c w`hh-e`v`hapè puihjm ojgcgmjch bcgcl`b`gt syst`b, sa tnctHca VEY mcg trcgspcr`gthy cge praeumtjv`hy us` tn` r`v`gu`s orab GU9 tai`gòjt jts pàph`.

Jbph`b`gtjgl tn` pralrcbs tnct ceer`ss samjch cge `gvjragb`gtch jbpcmts,wnjmn jgvahv`s jgtraeumjgl i`ncvjarch cge bjges`t mncgl`s, ncs tck`g hagl`r

tncg iujhejgl tn` ecb jts`ho. Cot`r sab` iubpy stcrts cge byrjce mncgl`s cgecedustb`gts, tn` jbph`b`gt`rs gaw cpp`cr ouhhy l`crè up ta e`hjv`r hagl`r-t`rb r`suhts.

Av`rvj`w 9:


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Un` us` ao hamch magsuhtctjags jg iujhejgl `bpaw`rb`gt cbagl vjhhcl`rs jsc gat`wartny cmnj`v`b`gt ao tn` prad`mt. Un` GU9 r`s`tth`b`gt pram`sss`rv`s cs c bae`h oar atn`r nyerapaw`r prad`mts uge`r magsje`rctjag ar mag-strumtjag; vjhhcl`rs orab bcgy coo`mtè mabbugjtj`s ao atn`r prad`mts ncv`cskè ta s`` cge h`crg orab tn` GU9 `xp`rj`gm`, c r`qu`st tnct ncs i``g cm-mabbaectè tnrauln sjt` vjsjts. Ct tn` scb` tjb`, tn` e`v`hapb`gt ao hjv`hj-naaes oar tn` r`s`tth`rs r`bcjgs c ejoojmuht mnchh`gl`, wnjmn js i`jgl ceer`ssètnrauln c buhtjpraglè cppracmn tnct ncs `vahvè av`r tjb` cs t``tnjgl js-su`s cr` ceer`ssè tnrauln cecptjv` bcgcl`b`gt wjtn jgputs orab hamch mag-suhtctjags cge t`mngjmch `xp`rts.

Vrat`mtjag ao tn` GU9 wct`rsnè js c wark jg pralr`ss. Un` `stcihjsnb`gtcge stcoojgl ao tn` \ct`rsnè Bcgcl`b`gt cge Vrat`mtjag Cutnarjty pra-vje`s c sauge oaugectjag, iut `garbaus mnchh`gl`s r`bcjg jg prat`mtjgl sumnc vcst cr`c orab tnas` wna wcgt ta pjho`r jts rjmn`s. Un` cutnar mcutjags tncttn` hagl-t`rb prat`mtjag ao tn` GU9 wct`rsnè wjhh r`qujr` njln-h`v`h pahjtj-mch suppart orab tn` lav`rgb`gt ag c magtjgujgl icsjs.

Un` wark uge`rtck`g cs pcrt ao tn` GU9 prad`mts wjhehjo` pralrcbwnjmntcppè tn` `xp`rtjs` ao vcrjaus mags`rvctjag lraups cge t`mngjmch sp`mjchjsts

ta bck` jbpartcgt cmnj`v`b`gts jg tn` cr`cs ao `h`pncgt bcgcl`b`gt cgewjhehjo` r`smu`s`rv`s cs c i`gmnbcrk oar atn`r nyerapaw`r prad`mts ta r`phj-mct`. Un` cmtjvjtj`s uge`rtck`g iy tn` e`v`hap`rs wjtn r`sp`mt ta schvcl` hal-ljgl cge ijabcss mh`crcgm` w`gt i`yage wnct wcs arjljgchhy clr`è ag eurjglprad`mt e`sjlg; tnas` cmtjvjtj`s s`rv` cs c bae`h oar sjbjhcr ap`rctjags jg atn`rnyerapaw`r cr`cs.

Un` ojrst ojv` y`crs ao jbph`b`gtctjag ncv` pravjeè c stragl oaugectjagoar outur` òoarts. Jbph`b`gtjgl tn` prad`mts samjch cge `gvjragb`gtch pra-

lrcbs ncs pravè cs mnchh`gljgl cs cgtjmjpctè ct tn` tjb` ao e`sjlg, cge bcgyqu`stjags r`bcjg cs jbph`b`gtctjag pralr`ss`s. ]ab` pasjtjv` autmab`s cr`chr`cey `vje`gt4 tn` lav`rgb`gt ncs cmqujrè sjlgjojmcgt mcpcmjty ta jbph`-b`gt samjch cge `gvjragb`gtch bjtjlctjag pralrcbs, cge jt ncs e`bagstrctèjts mabbjtb`gt cge jgt`rv`gè ct chh h`v`hs ta r`sahv` praih`bs cs tn`y ncv`crjs`g. Ucppjgl h`ssags orab GU9, tn` lav`rgb`gt js r`mcstjgl jts av`rchh cp-pracmn ta samjch cge `gvjragb`gtch jbpcmt css`ssb`gt cge bagjtarjgl (wjtnc g`w cl`gmy cge c e`mr``). Ct tn` scb` tjb`, tn` e`v`hap`r js mrèjtè oar jtsst`ceocst mabbjtb`gt ta `gsurjgl tnct `gvjragb`gtch cge samjch aihjlctjags

cr` ouhhy b`t. Un` cutnar str`ss`s tn` jbpartcgm` ao tn` e`v`hap`r magtjgujgltnjs mabbjtb`gt tnraulnaut tn` mabb`rmjch ap`rctjags p`rjae, r`sjstjgl tn`t`bptctjag ta e`mhcr` vjmtary taa `crhy.

=6 EAJGL C ECB I@UU@Y


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Jgt`rgctjagch suppart oar GU9 ncs i``g mctchyzè tnrauln b`cgjglouhsncrjgl ao jgoarbctjag. GU9 magtjgu`s ta lcrg`r jgt`rgctjagch ctt`gtjag.Un` lav`rgb`gt cge tn` e`v`hap`rs r`bcjg mabbjttè ta jge`p`ge`gtbagjtarjgl ao tn` prad`mt cs w`hh cs tn` bcjgt`gcgm` ao cg ap`g cge trcgs-pcr`gt pram`ss ao sncrjgl jgoarbctjag wjtn stck`nahe`rs. C v`ry mabph`x cgehcy`rè prad`mt bagjtarjgl strumtur` `vahvè cs pr`pcrctjag pralr`ssè cgejbph`b`gtctjag `gsuè. @cmn `gtjty pravje`s vchucih` jgputs cge r`spagesta jts bcgect`, authjgè jg vcrjaus h`lch clr``b`gts. Un`r` js, g`v`rtn`h`ss,magsje`rcih` smap` ta sjbphjoy tn` bagjtarjgl crrcgl`b`gts cs tn` ap`rctjglmagt`xt ncs mncglè wjtn tn` stcrt ao mabb`rmjch ap`rctjags. Jg cg òoart ta

k``p stck`nahe`rs jgoarbè, tn` e`v`hap`r ncs suppartè kgawhèl` `x-mncgl`, trcgspcr`gmy, cge ejsmhasur`tnrauln vcrjaus baechjtj`s, jgmhuejgl\ì sjt`s, warksnaps/oarubs, cge p``r-ta-p``r h`crgjgl cmtjvjtj`stnct law`hh i`yage r`qujr`b`gts. Maarejgctjag cmrass tn` hcrl` gubi`r ao jgstjtu-tjags warkjgl ag GU9 ncs i``g ocmjhjtctè iy r`bcrkcihy laae cge magstrum-tjv` mahhciarctjag cge maap`rctjag iy tn` jgt`rgctjagch ojgcgmjch jgstjtu-tjags. @gncgmè eagar ougejgl ta jbph`b`gt tn` Hca samja`magabjme`v`hapb`gt phcgs cge buhtjeagar ooarts ta suppart jbph`b`gtctjag ao lav-

`rgb`gt ròarbs ncv` chsa iaastè jgt`rgctjagch suppart. Un` lav`rgb`gt jsr`cpjgl ejvje`gesjg tn` oarb ao jgv`stb`gt, trce`, cje, cge kgawhèlòrab jts `glcl`b`gt wjtn tn` jgt`rgctjagch mabbugjty tnrauln GU9, cstrust jgmr`cs`s wnjh` tn` lav`rgb`gt e`bagstrct`s tnct jt stcges i`njge jtsmabbjtb`gts.

GU9 ncs n`hpè trcgsoarb Hca VEY tnrauln g`w jgstjtutjags cgepahjmj`s. Un` maugtry cpp`crs ta i` pajgtè jg tn` rjlnt ejr`mtjag ta cmnj`v`sustcjgcih` autmab`s av`r tn` hagl`r t`rb. Jt js taa saag ta ercw ojgch

magmhusjags ag GU9, naw`v`r, i`mcus` tn` jbph`b`gtctjag pram`ss js stjhhugoahejgl.

Gat`s

3. Vrad`mt masts jgmhue` tn` $3.90 ijhhjag ics` mast phus $966 bjhhjag jg magtjgl`gmy ougejgl.9. Un` B`kagl Yjv`r Mabbjssjag ]`mr`tcrjct js tn` ap`rctjagch crb ao tn` B`kagl Yjv`rMabbjssjag, `stcihjsnè iy cg clr``b`gt sjlgè iy tn` lav`rgb`gts ao Mcbiaejc, HcaVEY, Uncjhcge, cge _j`tgcb ag Cprjh 0, 3::0. Un` clr``b`gt s`t c g`w bcgect` oar tn`

arlcgjzctjag ta maap`rct` jg tn` sustcjgcih` e`v`hapb`gt, us`, bcgcl`b`gt, cge mags`rvc-tjag ao tn` wct`r cge r`hctè r`saurm`s ao tn` B`kagl Yjv`r Icsjg. Un` B`kagl Yjv`r Mab-bjssjag `vahvè orab tn` B`kagl Mabbjtt``, oarbè jg tn` 3:06s ta mageumt hagl-rcgl`phcggjgl oar rjv`r icsjg e`v`hapb`gt.

Av`rvj`w =3


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=. K`y `h`b`gts ao tn` GLV@] w`r` hct`r jgmarparct`e jgta tn` Gctjagch ]amja-@magabjmE`v`hapb`gt Vhcg (G]@EV, 966?-36), wnjmn pr`s`gts c rcgl` ao prjarjtj`s cge pralrcbs ta

luje` pralr`ss tawcres tn` maugtrys e`v`hapb`gt lachs.5. Un` Lr`ct`r B`kagl suir`ljag jgmhue`s Mcbiaejc, Hca VEY, Bycgbcr, Uncjhcge, _j`t-gcb, cge Zuggcg cge Lucglxj pravjgm`s ao Mnjgc.0. Un` ojrst t`st `g`rly l`g`rctjag taak phcm` jg Dug` 966:. GU9 stcrt`e mabb`rmjch ap`rc-tjags jg Cprjh 9636.



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Un` \arhe Icgk nce `xp`rj`gm` wjtn bcgy haw-jgmab` maugtrj`s tnct nce

hast tn` appartugjty ta praeumtjv`hy us` tn` w`chtn l`g`rctè iy r`saurm`

xphajtctjagtnrauln marruptjag, paar lav`rgcgm`, cge hjbjtè `magabjm

ejv`rsjojmctjag. Un`r` wcs bumn o`cr tnct c sjbjhcr oct` wauhe iòchh Hca VEY

ugh`ss pralr`ss wjtn `magabjm cge jgstjtutjagch ròarb magtjguè cge, jg

pcrtjmuhcr, ugh`ss tn` maugtry wcs cih` ta e`v`hap cge jbph`b`gt c sauge

e`v`hapb`gt strct`ly wjtn c oamus ag pav`rty rèumtjag.

Un` rjsk ao shjppcl` ag ròarbs eurjgl jbph`b`gtctjag wcs ao sp`mjch mag-

m`rg ta tn` \arhe Icgk. Jg bast e`v`hapb`gt prad`mts jt supparts, tn` \arhe

Icgk r`tcjgs sjlgjojmcgt h`v`rcl` av`r prad`mt jbph`b`gtctjag iy magtrahhjgl

tn` cbaugt ao cje jt pravje`s. Jg magtrcst, uge`r GU9 tn` Icgks h`v`rcl`

wauhe i` bumn ejbjgjsnè agm` tn` ojgcgmjch lucrcgt`` nce i``g jssuè.

\auhe tn` Icgks trcejtjagch jgstrub`gtmagejtjagchjty ao cjei` òo`mtjv`

jg tnjs mcs`1

Un` \arhe Icgks strct`ly wcs ta try ta turg tn` gcturch r`saurm` murs` ag

jts n`ce. I`mcus` jt wcs c prjarjty prad`mt oar tn` lav`rgb`gt cge tn`r` wcs c

suoojmj`gt cbaugt ao pahjtjmch wjhh, tn` pram`ss ao `glcl`b`gt crauge GU9

mauhe i` usè cs c mctchyst oar sustcjgcih` `magabjm ròarb cge str`gltn`gè

jgstjtutjags. Gcturch r`saurm` w`chtn wauhe tn`g i` usè ta prabat` i`tt`rlav`rgcgm` rctn`r tncg, pat`gtjchhy, `xcm`rictjgl paar lav`rgcgm` cge

marruptjag.

Cmnj`v`b`gt ao tnjs lach r`qujrè c v`ry ejoo`r`gt prad`mt e`sjlg cge strct-

`ly orab tnas` ceaptè jg sjbjhcr prad`mts jg tn` pcst. Pghjk` jg atn`r b`lc

nyera prad`mts, tn` \arhe Icgks `glcl`b`gt wjtn tn` lav`rgb`gt wauhe la

i`yage gcrraw prad`mt t`mngjmch jssu`s cge oamus ag pahjmj`s cge pram`ss`s ta

e`hjv`r lr`ct`r trcgspcr`gmy cge cmmaugtcijhjty, lrawtn, cge pav`rty rèum-

tjag. ]trct`ly cge prad`mt e`sjlg, naw`v`r, wauhe ncv` ta i` uge`rpjggè iyc stragl lav`rgb`gt mabbjtb`gt ta jbph`b`gtctjag.

Un` \arhe Icgk strct`ly oar n`hpjgl tn` maugtry r`cey jts`ho oar GU9 nce

tnr`` mabpag`gts4

Hjgkcl` ao tn` prad`mt ojrbhy ta c mabpr`n`gsjv` lav`rgb`gt-hè pav`rty

rèumtjag strct`ly

C pralrcb ao tjb`-iauge `magabjm ròarbs, bagjtarè iy tn` Icgk, ta

iujhe mrèjijhjty jg tn` mcpcmjty ao tn` lav`rgb`gt ta jbph`b`gt strumtur-

ch mncgl` cge ta bck` cgy r`v`rsch ao strct`ly ughjk`hy

@ooarts ta str`gltn`g puihjm jgstjtutjags, `sp`mjchhy ag r`v`gu` bcgcl`-

b`gt, jg are`r ta `gsur` tnct r`saurm`s wauhe i` chhamctè jg hjg` wjtn



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pav`rty rèumtjag prjarjtj`s cge ta ejbjgjsn tn` rjsk ao marruptjag cge

atn`r sybptabs ao tn` gcturch r`saurm` murs`.

Duelb`gts ag `cmn ao tn`s` tnr`` mabpag`gts w`r` bce` ta `gsur` tnct

tn` maugtry wcs r`cey oar GU9. Un`y w`r` tn` r`suht ao c st`p-iy-st`p pram`ss

ao magoje`gm`- cge mrèjijhjty-iujhejgl spcggjgl 966960.

Vav`rty Yèumtjag cge Yòarb Vralr`ss

Ycpje lrawtn jg tn` 3::6s nce chr`cey e`hjv`rè sab` pav`rty rèumtjag jg

Hca VEY. I`tw``g 3::< cge 9669, tn` p`rm`gtcl` ao tn` papuhctjag hjvjgl

i`haw tn` gctjagch pav`rty hjg` o`hh orab =: p`rm`gt ta == p`rm`gt. Hca VEY

wcs chsa bckjgl qujmk pralr`ss jg sab` k`y cr`cs tnct jbprav` tn` w`hh-i`jgl

ao tn` paar cge hcy tn` lraugewark oar hagl-t`rb jgmab` pav`rty rèumtjag,

sumn cs èumctjag cge n`chtn. Jt nce ag` ao tn` bast `lchjtcrjcg ejstrjiutjags

ao jgmab` jg tn` warhe (wjtn c Ljgj maòojmj`gt ao 6.=0) cge c njln e`lr`` ao

pahjtjmch stcijhjty.

Cs jg chh haw-jgmab` maugtrj`s, naw`v`r, tn`r` w`r` sjlgjojmcgt praih`bs

jg iatn tn` èumctjag cge tn` n`chtn s`mtars. Jg 9663 aghy 3.: p`rm`gt aoLEV wcs chhamctè orab tn` iuel`t ta èumctjag. Cot`r tn` 3::< mrjsjs, puihjm

sp`gejgl ag n`chtn mahhcpsè ta dust 3 p`rm`gt ao LEV, wjtn r`murr`gt sp`ge-

jgl tckjgl tn` irugt ao tn` muts. Unjs haw h`v`h ao `xp`gejtur` nce s`v`r` jb-

pcmts ag iatn tn` mav`rcl` cge tn` quchjty ao èumctjag cge n`chtn pralrcbs.

Un` s`rjaus praih`b ao pav`rty jg Hca VEY nce ta i` tcmkhè tnrauln c

gubi`r ao strct`lj`s tnct suppartè tn` pralr`ss chr`cey uge`rwcy cge, jg pcr-

tjmuhcr, jbpravè cmm`ss ta laae-quchjty puihjm s`rvjm`s. Lrawtn jts`ho wauhe

gat i` `gauln; cttcmkjgl pav`rty wauhe r`qujr` lr`ct`r cge bar`-òojmj`gtpuihjm `xp`gejtur` oamusè ag pav`rty rèumtjag cs w`hh cs jbpravè lav`r-

gcgm`. Un` saurm` ao lrawtn mauhe i` cs jbpartcgt cs tn` h`v`h ao cllr`lct`

lrawtn, wjtn lrawtn jg clrjmuhtur` passjihy l`g`rctjgl ocr bar` pav`rty r`-

eumtjag tncg lrawtn jg jgeustry. Av`rchh, cg èumctè cge n`chtnj`r papuhc-

tjag wauhe i` tn` mrjtjmch uge`rpjggjgl oar pra-paar lrawtn. ]umn c strct`ly

r`qujrè bar` r`saurm`s oar samjch s`rvjm`s.

Un` lav`rgb`gt nce shawhy i``g bavjgl eawg tn` pctn ao `magabjm ròarb

cge lr`ct`r ap`gg`ss sjgm` 3:>?. Agm` tn` g`w pahjmy ejr`mtjag stcrtè ta tck`

sncp`, tn` \arhe Icgk i`lcg ta `glcl` wjtn tn` lav`rgb`gt ag `magabjm

ròarb, pravjejgl c ]trumturch Cedustb`gt Mrèjt jg 3::9. Un` pcm` ao ròarb

shawè jg tn` cot`rbctn ao tn` @cst Csjcg mrjsjs, mcusjgl tn` mcgm`hhctjag ao tnjs

Hca VEY L`ts Y`cey oar GU9 =0


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hacg. Un` strumturch ròarb pram`ss wcs r`stcrtè jg 3:::, cot`r bcmra`magabjm

stcijhjzctjag wcs cmnj`vè; tn` \arhe Icgk suppartè magabjm ròarb tnrauln

g`w strumturch cedustb`gt hacgs, wnjmn ncv` i``g jg phcm` sjgm` 9669.

]jgm` 9669 c strumturch cedustb`gt pralrcbsuppartè iy c Ojgcgmjch

Bcgcl`b`gt cge Cedustb`gt Mrèjt (OBCM) cge suis`qu`gt Vav`rty Y`-

eumtjag ]uppart Ap`rctjags (VY]As)ncs i``g usè ta suppart tn` lav`rg-

b`gt jg magtjgujgl eawg tn` pctn ao ròarb cge, n`gm`, ta pr`pcr` tn`

lrauge oar GU9. Un` jbpartcgm` ao jbph`b`gtjgl tn` ròarbs clr`è ta ug-

e`r tn` OBCM wcs mh`cr ta tn` lav`rgb`gt, wnjmn lr`cthy `gncgmè tn`

\arhe Icgks h`v`rcl` jg suppartjgl ròarb`rs wjtnjg tn` lav`rgb`gt cge

tn` ròarb cl`gec cs c wnah`. Un` lav`rgb`gt jbph`b`gtè chh ao tn` r`-oarbs prabjsè jg tn` OBCMchi`jt wjtn c ag`-y`cr e`hcymr`ctjgl c trcmk

r`mare ao e`hjv`rjgl ag `magabjm ròarb. Unjs r`mare mrjtjmchhy jgohu`gmè tn`

\arhe Icgks css`ssb`gt ao wn`tn`r tn` lav`rgb`gt mauhe e`hjv`r ag `ma-

gabjm ròarb cge n`gm` ao tn` e`sjrcijhjty ao GU9.

Atn`r jbpartcgt sjlgs chsa sull`stè tnct Hca VEY wcs shawhy `b`rljgl

orab jts njstarjmch jsahctjag cge bavjgl eawg tn` race ao r`ljagch jgt`lrctjag

cge jgmr`csjgl ap`gg`ss. Jg 3::< jt dajgè tn` Cssamjctjag ao ]autn`cst Csjcg

Gctjags (C]@CG) cge tn` C]@CG Or`` Urce` Cr`c (COUC). Jg 966= jtsjlgè c prò`r`gtjch trcejgl clr``b`gt wjtn tn` Pgjtè ]tct`s, wnjmn lrcgtè

jt garbch trce` r`hctjags stctus jg 9660. Un`r` wcs tnus `gauln o`rtjh` lrauge

jg iatn pav`rty rèumtjag cge `magabjm ròarb oar tn` \arhe Icgk ta iujhe

ag, jg tn` nap` tnct suppartjgl tn` lav`rgb`gts aglajgl ròarb òoarts

wauhe yj`he c laae `gauln pahjmy cge jgstjtutjagch `gvjragb`gt ta chhaw jt

ta cpprav` GU9.

C Nahjstjm Cppracmn Lraugeè ag Vav`rty Yèumtjag ]trct`lj`s

Un` \arhe Icgk e`mjeè tnct tn` i`st cppracmn ta bcxjbjzjgl tn` jbpcmt ao

GU9 ag pav`rty rèumtjag wauhe i` ta g`st jt jg c nahjstjm cppracmn ta tn`

maugtrys pav`rty rèumtjag strct`ly. Pge`r tn` c`ljs ao tn` Vav`rty Yèumtjag

]trct`ly Vcp r (VY]V) pram`ss, jg 966=/65 tn` lav rgb`gt e`v hapè c Gctjagch

Lrawtn cge Vav`rty @rcejmctjag ]trct`ly (GLV@]). Unjs orcb`wark pcp`r

sp`hhè aut c hagl-t`rb vjsjag oar e`v`hapb`gt, icsè ag tn` lach ao `xjtjgl h`cst

e`v`hapè maugtry stctus iy 9696. Un` GLV@] eòjgè vcrjaus tcrl`ts wjtn 55

r`hctè jgejmctars ta i` bagjtarè av`r tjb`, jgmhuejgl ag pav`rty rèumtjag,

clrjmuhturch lrawtn, n`chtn, èumctjag, cge lav`rgcgm`. Jt s`t c tcrl`t ao < p`r-

m`gt cgguch `magabjm lrawtn cs tn` icsjs oar cmnj`vjgl tn`s` tcrl`ts. I`mcus` ao

=? EAJGL C ECB I@UU@Y


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58/228

Atn`r e`v`hapb`gt pcrtg`rs chsa suppartè tn` GLV@]. CEI pravjeè

t`mngjmch cssjstcgm` oar puihjm `xp`gejtur` bcgcl`b`gt cge, pcrtjmuhcrhy, oar

tn` e`v`hapb`gt ao c bèjub-t`rb ojsmch orcb`wark, wnjmn cevjs`rs ag tn`

lrauge n`hpè jbph`b`gt. Un` JBO chsa suppartè tn` ojsmch cge bcmra`ma-

gabjm strct`ly. Jts awg ròarb pralrcb, tn` Vav`rty Yèumtjag cge Lrawtn

Ocmjhjty (VYLO), nce lag` aoo trcmk jg `crhy 9660, hcrl`hy i`mcus` ao shaw

pralr`ss jg str`gltn`gjgl tcx pahjmy cge tcx cge mustabs cebjgjstrctjag, tn`

ocjhur` ta r`cmn clr``b`gt ag cg jge`p`ge`gt cuejt ao tn` m`gtrch icgk, cge

tn` cppravch iy tn` Gctjagch Css`bihy ao c 9665/60 iuel`t tnct tn` JBO

vj`wè cs ugr`chjstjm cge `xm`ssjv`hy `xpcgsjagcry. E`spjt` tnct `xp`rj`gm`,

tn` JBO pravjeè h tt rs ta tn` \arhe Icgk cge CEI iacres tnct suppartè tnìrace bcmra`magabjm p`roarbcgm` ao Hca VEY, wnjh njlnhjlntjgl r`bcjgjgl

rjsks cge strumturch w`ckg`ss`s.

Un` lav`rgb`gt pravè cih` ta bcgcl` tn` mnchh`gl`s ta bcmra`magabjm

stcijhjty i`tt`r tncg sab` nce cgtjmjpctè. Hcrl` iuel`tè wcl` jgmr`cs`s

w`r` str`tmnè aut av`r tjb`. Ucx r`v`gu`s, wnjmn nce saot`gè cs halljgl

raychtj`s e`mhjgè, pjmkè up, wjtn bjg`rch raychtj`s phcyjgl cg jbpartcgt rah`.

Un` iuel`t eòjmjt wcs magtcjgè, jgohctjag lrceuchhy e`mhjgè, `xparts lr`w,

cge LEV lrawtn st`cejhy `xm`èè ? p`rm`gt c y`cr. ]jlgjojmcgt oar`jlg ejr`mtjgv`stb`gt orab Mnjgc, Uncjhcge, cge _j`tgcb ojgcgmè tn` murr`gt cmmaugt

eòjmjt, chhawjgl oar`jlg `xmncgl` r`s`rv`s ta st`cejhy jgmr`cs`. Pghjk` atn`r

haw-jgmab` maugtrj`s, Hca VEY wcs cih` ta cvaje eòcuhtjgl ag jts `xt`rgch

eìt (chtnauln jt quchjojè oar eìt r`hjò uge`r tn` Buhtjhct`rch Eìt Y`hjò

Jgjtjctjv`). Jg oarlajgl sumn cssjstcgm`, tn` lav`rgb`gt s`gt c sjlgch ciaut jts

s`rjausg`ss jg nagarjgl oar`jlg mabbjtb`gts. Ct tn` scb` tjb`, jt `bicrkè

ag c pram`ss ao r`g`latjctjgl jts ]avj`t-`rc eìt ta ròh`mt bar` r`chjstjm `x-

mncgl` rct`s cge tn` g`w r`hctjagsnjp wjtn tn` Yussjcg Oè`rctjag. Uatch eìts`rvjm` o`hh i`haw 36 p`rm`gt ao lav`rgb`gt r`v`gu` cge ta < p`rm`gt ao `x-

parts jg 966?. Gag` ao tn` cev`rs` bcmra`magabjm magm`rgs r`hctè ta `x-

mncgl` rct` cppr`mjctjag, Eutmn ejs`cs`, ar av`rn`ctjgl mcb` ta pcss.

Un` Y`v`gu` cge @xp`gejtur` Bcgcl`b`gt Orcb`wark

Un` prjgmjpch e`v`hapb`gt i`gòjts ao GU9 cr` tn` raychtj`s, ejvje`ges, cge

tcx`s tn` Gcb Unùg 9 Vaw`r Mabpcgy pcys ta tn` gctjagch tr`csury.

Y`chjzjgl tn`s` i`gòjts r`qujrè cg jbpravè r`v`gu` cge `xp`gejtur`

bcgcl`b`gt orcb`wark. Un` GU9 prad`mt r`stè ag oaur pjhhcrs ao r`v`gu`

=> EAJGL C ECB I@UU@Y


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bcgcl`b`gt4 tn` chhamctjag ao iuel`t r`saurm`s, tn` ohaw ao ouges, r`partjgl,

cge tn` bagjtarjgl cge `vchuctjag ao òo`mtjv`g`ss. @cmn ao tn`s` cr`cs wcs

magt`gtjaus.

Cg cppracmn wcs g`èè tnct wauhe i` cmm`ptcih` ta tn` \arhe Icgk cs

w`hh cs ta tn` lav`rgb`gt. Un` lav`rgb`gt wcs ugwjhhjgl ta cmm`pt bar`

tncg bjgjbch jgtrusjag jg tn` bcgcl`b`gt ao jts puihjm ojgcgm`s cge vj`wè

tn` r`saurm`s orab GU9 cs sav`r`jlg. Baràv`r, tn` m`gtrch lav`rgb`gt

hcmkè mabph`t` magtrah av`r tn` iuel`t, i`mcus` hamch lav`rgb`gts ncv` `x-

t`gsjv` paw`rs av`r tcx mahh`mtjag cge sp`gejgl cge mcg sab`tjb`s mjrmub-

v`gt gctjagch èjmts. Unjs mabphjmctè tn` pahjmy eìct` av`r `hjljih` pra-

lrcbs oar pav`rty rèumtjag orab GU9 r`v`gu`s cge tn` `stcihjsnb`gt aoics`hjg` ojlur`s oar dueljgl naw jgmr`b`gtch r`v`gu`s snauhe i` sp`gt.

Un` lav`rgb`gt cge tn` \arhe Icgk chsa ejoo`rè ag tn` ohaw ao ouges

crrcgl`b`gts. Un` Icgk wcs k``g ta e`v`hap c b`mncgjsb tnct lucrcgt`è

tnct GU9 r`saurm`s wauhe i` usè oar tn`jr e`sjlgctè pav`rty rèumtjag pur-

pas`s. Jg cg `gvjragb`gt jg wnjmn tn` stct` cuejt arlcgjzctjag wcs w`ck; tn`

JBO pralrcb nce chr`cey lag` aoo trcmk, pcrthy i`mcus` ao c e`cehamk av`r tn`

jge`p`ge`gt cuejt ao tn` Icgk ao Hca VEY; cge tn` iuel`t wcs apcqu`, tn`

\arhe Icgk g`èè c b`mncgjsb ta e`bagstrct` mh`crhy naw tn` r`v`gu`sorab GU9 wauhe i` sp`gt. Jg atn`r maugtrj`s, tn` Icgk nce suppartè

r`v`gu`-bcgcl`b`gt crrcgl`b`gts tnct `crbcrkè sp`mjojm r`v`gu` sncr`s

oar pav`rty prad`mts, chagl wjtn jge`p`ge`gt av`rsjlnt ta bagjtar tn` us` ao

r`v`gu`s.9 Un` lav`rgb`gt ao Hca VEY, naw`v`r, `bpncsjzè tnct cgy pra-

pasch jgmhuejgl c tnjre-maugtry `smraw ao GU9 r`v`gu`s ar c tcp i`yage tn`

magtrah ao tn` Bjgjstry ao Ojgcgm` wauhe gat i` cmm`ptcih`.

Un` lav`rgb`gts prapasch wcs ta str`gltn`g jts `xjstjgl syst`bs tnrauln

cg jbpravè puihjm ojgcgmjch bcgcl`b`gt syst`b wjtn cppraprjct` trcgs-pcr`gmy cge cmmaugtcijhjty rctn`r tncg `crbcrkjgl cge trcmkjgl sp`mjojm GU9

r`saurm`s. I`mcus` ao tn` ocjhur` ao pr`vjaus òoarts iy tn` eagar mabbugjty

ta str`gltn`g tn` lav`rgb`gts puihjm ojgcgm` bcgcl`b`gt, \arhe Icgk stcoo

nce stragl eauits tnct tn` av`rchh puihjm ojgcgm` bcgcl`b`gt syst`b mauhe

i` bce` trcgspcr`gt cge cmmaugtcih` `gauln wjtnjg ojv` y`crs. Ljv`g tn`

shaw pcm` ao cgy kjge ao ròarb jg Hca VEY, jt s``bè ughjk`hy tnct cg cmm`h-

`rctè cppracmn wauhe wark. C mabprabjs` twa-trcmk cppracmn ta ròarbjgl

puihjm ojgcgm` bcgcl`b`gt wcs tn`ròar` clr`è upag, jg wnjmn ag` trcmk

oamusè ag av`rchh syst`bs str`gltn`gjgl cge tn` atn`r pravjeè sp`mjojm GU9

r`v`gu` bcgcl`b`gt crrcgl`b`gts cs c ochhicmk ta i` usè jo tn` av`rchh sys-

t`b eje gat b``t m`rtcjg p`roarbcgm` tnr`snahes.

Hca VEY L`ts Y`cey oar GU9 =:


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Urcmk Ag` saulnt ta jbprav` tn` trcgspcr`gmy, bcgcl`b`gt, cge cm-

maugtcijhjty ao lav`rgb`gt r`saurm`s. Un`s` jbprav`b`gts w`r` sp`hhè aut

jg tn` V@B]V, cg cbijtjaus òoart oar c maugtry wjtn hjbjtè eab`stjm mc-

pcmjty. Un` V@B]V js mabpr`n`gsjv` cge jgmhue`s pralrcbs ta jbprav` ojs-

mch phcggjgl cge iuel`t pr`pcrctjag, Ur`csury ougmtjags, cmmaugtjgl cge

r`partjgl, jgoarbctjag syst`bs, cge tn` h`ljshctjv` orcb`wark oar puihjm `x-

p`gejtur` bcgcl`b`gt. C s`qu`gm` ao VY]As, mageumtè sjgm` 9660, ncs

suppartè cge bagjtarè pralr`ss ag tnjs pralrcb. Un` OBMIM ojgcgmè

t`mngjmch cssjstcgm`.

Un` ecgl`r jg sumn c mabpr`n`gsjv` pralrcb js tnct tn` lav`rgb`gtcge

suppart orab tn` eagar mabbugjtywjhh i` str`tmnè taa tnjg. ]ab` lav-`rgb`gt aoojmjchs `xpr`ssè tn` vj`w tnct tn` V@B]V snauhe i` s``g cs c

l`g`rjm eamub`gt tnct g`ès ta i` tcjharè ta tn` Hca `gvjragb`gt, oamusè,

cge prjarjtjzè. ]umm`ssouh jbph`b`gtctjag ao `v`g c ròamusè pralrcb, naw-

`v`r, wjhh r`qujr` mrjtjmch jbprav`b`gts jg lav`rgb`gt mcpcmjty.

Urcmk Uwa `stcihjsnè sp`mjojm r`v`gu`-bcgcl`b`gt crrcgl`b`gts oar GU9

r`v`gu`s, wnjmn cr` c sbchh orcmtjag (h`ss tncg 36 p`rm`gt) ao av`rchh lav`rg-

b`gt r`saurm`s. Un`s` crrcgl`b`gts magsjst ao tn` je`gtjojmctjag ao prjarjty

pralrcbs icsè ag tn` Gctjagch ]amja-@magabjm E`v`hapb`gt Vhcg (G]@EV,tn` summ`ssar ta tn` GLV@])4 oar `xcbph`, jg icsjm èumctjag, icsjm n`chtn,

rurch races, cge sp`mjojm pav`rty rèumtjag cge `gvjragb`gtch mags`rvctjag

prad`mts. Urcmk Uwa chsa sp`mjoj`s c b`mncgjsb oar `gsurjgl tnct GU9 r`-

saurm`s oar tn`s` prjarjty pralrcbs cr` ceejtjagch ta atn`r iuel`t r`saurm`s. Jt

mchhs oar mncgg`hjgl r`v`gu`s tnrauln cg GU9 suicmmaugt ct tn` Ur`csury

tnct mcg i` cuejtè s`pcrct`hy orab tn` av`rchh Ur`csury cmmaugt. Jt pravje`s

oar tn` puihjmctjag ao iuel`t `x`mutjag r`parts, ojgcgmjch stct`b`gts, cge

subbcrj`s ao jgt`rgch cuejt r`parts cge cuejts ao `hjljih` pralrcbs cge oar tn`jbph`b`gtctjag ao puihjm `xp`gejtur` trcmkjgl surv`ys cge puihjm `xp`gej-

tur` r`vj`ws ta css`ss tn` magtrah `gvjragb`gt cge tn` jbpcmt ao jgmr`b`gtch

`xp`gejtur`s ag pralrcb p`roarbcgm` cge pav`rty rèumtjag autmab`s.

Jo Urcmk Ag` r`suhts jg cg cmm`ptcih` h`v`h ao saugeg`ss jg tn` av`rchh pui-

hjm ojgcgm` bcgcl`b`gt syst`b iy tn` tjb` GU9 r`v`gu`s i`ljg ohawjgl, sp`-

mjojm r`v`gu` bcgcl`b`gt b`csur`s wjhh i`mab` rèugecgt. Unjs pat`gtjch

rèugecgmy ao Urcmk Uwa wcs strct`ljmchhy `bièeè jg tn` r`v`gu`-

bcgcl`b`gt aptjags ta mr`ct` cg jgm`gtjv` oar tn` lav`rgb`gt ta e`hjv`r ag

av`rchh syst`bs str`gltn`gjgl. Ct tn` scb` tjb`, tn` mabijgctjag ao tn` twa

trcmks pravjeè maboart wjtnjg tn` \arhe Icgk tnct, jg `jtn`r mcs`, GU9 r`v-



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`gu`s wauhe i` trcgspcr`gthy cge duejmjaushy usè oar tn`jr jgt`geè pav`rty

rèumtjag purpas`s.

Y`cmnjgl Mags`gsus4 Un` E`mjsjag Orcb`wark cge

Jts Jbph`b`gtctjag

@bièejgl GU9 jg c mabpr`n`gsjv` pralrcb `xpasè tn` prad`mt ta c gub-

i`r ao rjsks4 c iatth`g`mk cgywn`r` jg tn` wì ao crrcgl`b`gts mauhe e`hcy

tn` prad`mt. Oar tnct r`csag, jt wcs mrjtjmch ta eòjg` c s`t ao prjgmjph`s `crhy ag

tnct wauhe `xphjmjthy hcy aut tn` pcrcb`t`rs uge`r wnjmn \arhe Icgk suppartoar tn` prad`mt wauhe i` oartnmabjgl. Un` Icgk nce ta ichcgm` suppart ao tn`

prad`mt clcjgst jgsjst`gm` tnct tnjs suppart r`bcjg magejtjagch ag pralr`ss ag

s`v`rch k`y jssu`s. Jo tn` Icgk nce mabbjttè ta suppart tn` prad`mt taa `crhy,

jt wauhe ncv` bjssè tn` appartugjty ta chsa suppart tn` irace e`v`hapb`gt

cl`gec tnct wcs r`qujrè ta yj`he tn` pav`rty rèumtjag jbpcmt. Jo jt cskè taa

bumn, tn` lav`rgb`gt wauhe gat ncv` i``g cih` ta e`hjv`r cge bjlnt ncv`

trjè ta e`v`hap tn` prad`mt wjtn atn`r pcrtg`rs.

I`ljggjgl jg Culust 9663, tn` lav`rgb`gt cge tn` \arhe Icgk ap`rctèwjtnjg cg clr`è e`mjsjag orcb`wark, wnjmn wcs bce` puihjm jg Duhy 9669

(s`` mncpt`r 3). Jt stjpuhctè tnct prad`mt pram`ssjgl wauhe i` hjgkè, cbagl

atn`r tnjgls, ta tn` lav`rgb`gts pralr`ss jg jbph`b`gtjgl c e`v`hapb`gt

orcb`wark wjtn magmr`t` p`roarbcgm` ag pav`rty rèumtjag cge `gvjragb`g-

tch prat`mtjag. Un` e`v`hapb`gt orcb`wark jgmhueè c pav`rty rèumtjag

strct`ly cge jbph`b`gtctjag phcg; c puihjm ojgcgmjch bcgcl`b`gt syst`b,

o`cturjgl cuejt cge cmmaugtcijhjty cs w`hh cs trcgspcr`gmy cge ejsmhasur`

b`mncgjsbs; s`mtar pahjmj`s cge r`luhctjag jg r`lcre ta prjvct` s`mtar pcrtjmj-pctjag; cge sco`lucre pahjmj`s cge stcgecres. Un` orcb`wark r`malgjzè tnct

tn` e`v`hapb`gt jbpcmt ao GU9 wauhe i` e`t`rbjgè iy tn` `xt`gt ta wnjmn

tn` pahjmy cge jgstjtutjagch orcb`wark jg phcm` wauhe `gsur` òo`mtjv` us` ao tn`

r`v`gu`s l`g`rctè iy tn` prad`mt. Jt chsa r`malgjzè tnct baijhjzctjag ao

irace suppart oar tn` prad`mt cbagl k`y stck`nahe`rs jg Hca VEY cge cirace

wauhe i` mrjtjmch jo GU9 wcs ta phcy c magstrumtjv` rah` cs c erjv`r ao ròarb.

Un` e`mjsjag orcb`wark n`hpè tn` Icgk r`cmn clr``b`gt wjtn tn` lav`rg-

b`gt ag tn` irace prjgmjph`s ta i` oahhawè cge tn` `xp`mtè autmab`s. Jt

eje sa jg c gagb`mncgjstjm bcgg`r tnct hòt raab oar duelb`gt cge bjemaurs`

marr`mtjag.

Hca VEY L`ts Y`cey oar GU9 53


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Jg ichcgmjgl oh`xjijhjty wjtn `x cgt` trcgspcr`gt magejtjags, tn` GU9

pram`ss r`qujrè c g`w cppracmn iy tn` \arhe Icgk. Unjs cppracmn mchhè oar

c v`ry njln e`lr`` ao eu` ejhjl`gm`; c njln h`v`h ao bcgcl`b`gt jgvahv`b`gt

cge c mags`gsus-iujhejgl cppracmn wjtnjg cge autsje` tn` Icgk (ta orcb`

duelb`gts ag ce`qucmy ao pralr`ss); c eèjmctè t`cb tnct mauhe i` `bpaw-

`rè ta e`v`hap sahutjags ag tn` lrauge; cge ejchalu` cge pcrtg`rsnjps wjtn

lav`rgb`gt cge atn`r prad`mt stck`nahe`rs mncrcmt`rjzè iy r`sp`mt, ap`g-

g`ss, magsjst`gmy, cge p`rs`v`rcgm` av`r c irace crrcy ao tapjms.

]umn c pram`ss js `csj`r ta e`smrji` tncg ta jbph`b`gt. Jg prcmtjm`, tn` e`-

mjsjag orcb`wark pravjeè raab oar duelb`gt, cge tn`r` wcs cbijlujty r`-

lcrejgl `xcmthy wnct tn` e`ch-ir`ck`rs w`r`. Unjs hòt tn` Hca VEY lav`rg-b`gt wjtn magsje`rcih` ugm`rtcjgty cge c s`gs` ao bavjgl tcrl`ts tnct bce`

jt ncre oar jt ta phcg cge `x`mut`. Ag tn` \arhe Icgk sje`, lr`ct`r sp`mjojmjty

wcs gat o`csjih`, i`mcus` bcgcl`b`gt wcs gat sur` wnct wauhe i` r`qujrè ta

`gsur` stck`nahe`rs jgsje` cge autsje` tn` jgstjtutjag wauhe ouhhy suppart

bavjgl cn`ce.

Un` pram`ss ao iujhejgl mags`gsus wcs icsè ag c vcst cge sahje oaugec-

tjag ao cgchytjmch wark. Un` ejclgastjms jgmhueè, iut w`r` gat hjbjtè ta, c

maugtry `magabjm b`barcgeub, c ojgcgmjch cge `magabjm cgchysjs, c bcmra-`magabjm cgchysjs, c samjch cge `gvjragb`gtch jbpcmt css`ssb`gt, c puihjm

`xp`gejtur` r`vj`w, c maugtry ojgcgmjch cmmaugtcijhjty css`ssb`gt, cge tn`

e`mjsjag orcb`wark. Un` maugtry `magabjm b`barcgeub, wnjmn wcs jgjtj-

ctè wn`g tn` \arhe Icgk r``glclè jg GU9 jg 9663, wcs ao pcrtjmuhcr jb-

partcgm`. Jt cjbè ct e`tcjhjgl tn` irace e`v`hapb`gt aptjags oar Hca VEY.

Jt str`ssè tnct nyerapaw`r wcs tn` aghy aivjaus mabpcrctjv` cevcgtcl` ao

Hca VEY cge tnct nyerapaw`r e`v`hapb`gt wcs mrumjch ta cmnj`vjgl tn`

lrawtn tcrl`ts crtjmuhctè jg tn` GLV@]c pajgt tnct maugtry `magabjmb`barcgeubs nce magsjst`gthy bce` sjgm` 3:


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ecy). Un` bcdar `h`b`gts ao tnjs pram`ss w`r` magtcjgè jg tn` OBCM, wnjmn

wcs ejsiursè jg twa trcgmn`s, cg ugusuch pramèur` oar tn` \arhe Icgk ct

tn` tjb`. Un` ojrst trcgmn` wcs ejsiursè upag òo`mtjv`g`ss ao tn` mrèjt,

icsè ag cmtjags uge`rtck`g iy 9669. Un` s`mage trcgmn` r`qujrè tn` lav-

`rgb`gt ta bcjgtcjg c sctjsocmtary bcmra`magabjm pahjmy orcb`wark cge ta

b``t 3< bjh`stag`s jg tn` ròarb ao tn` puihjm s`mtar cge, mrumjchhy, stct` `g-

t`rprjs`s cge stct`-awgè icgks. Un` ròarbs jgmhueè sab` pahjtjmchhy prai-

h`bctjm b`csur`s, sumn cs r`strumturjgl paw`rouh stct` `gt`rprjs`s, shcsnjgl

suisjej`s, cge rcjsjgl utjhjty tcrjoos ta cmnj`v` mast r`mav`ry. Un`y chsa e`cht

wjtn tn` ejoojmuht jssu` ao gagp`roarbjgl hacgs ct stct` icgks.

Jt taak tn` lav`rgb`gt c y`cr hagl`r tncg `xp`mtè ta b``t tn` ròarb tcr-l`ts, iut `v`ry cmtjag wcs mabph`tè iòar` ejsiurs`b`gt ao tn` s`mage

trcgmn` jg bje-9665. Ua tn` surprjs` ao bcgy, tn` lav`rgb`gt eje gat csk oar

cgy wcjv`rs. Jt mabph`tè tn` pralrcb jg ouhh, s`gejgl c stragl sjlgch ciaut jts

wjhhjglg`ss cge cijhjty ta e`sjlg cge jbph`b`gt c irace-icsè ròarb strct`ly.

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Doing a Dam Better

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