District Disaster Management Plan of Visakhapatnam€¦ · District Disaster Management Plan of...

District Disaster Management Plan of Visakhapatnam District, Volume II | Preparedness Plan 1

District Disaster Management Plan of Visakhapatnam

Volume II Preparedness, Prevention, Mitigation, Disaster

Risk Reduction and Climate Change Action Plan of

Visakhapatnam District

Prepared by: District Administration, Visakhapatnam

Supported by: United Nations Development Programme,

India


Contents 1 Preparedness Plan................................................................................................................................. 3

1.1. General Preparedness Measures based on SWOT Analysis of Line Departments ....................... 3 1.2. Coordination mechanism of DDMA in Pre Disaster Situation ...................................................... 5 1.3. Coordination Mechanism of DDMA in Immediate pre disaster Situation (immediately after receipt of warning) .................................................................................................................................... 5

1.3.1. Coordination Mechanism of DDMA during Disaster (Relief Distribution Mechanism) ........ 6 1.3.2. Coordination Mechanism of DDMA in Post Disaster Situation ............................................. 6

1.4. Standard checklist for Revenue Department: In-charge Officer: DC/ JC/DRO ............................. 7 1.4.1. Hazard- Flood ...................................................................................................................... 10 1.4.2. Hazard: Cyclonic Storm ....................................................................................................... 22 1.4.3. Hazard- Drought .................................................................................................................. 32 1.4.4. Hazard- Heat Wave ............................................................................................................. 40 1.4.5. Hazard- Earthquake ............................................................................................................ 46

2 Disaster Risk Reduction Plan of Visakhapatnam ................................................................................. 50 2.1. DRR Actions in conformity with SFDRR ....................................................................................... 50 2.2. Capacity Building ......................................................................................................................... 55 2.3. Mainstreaming DRR in Development: National Flagship Schemes ............................................ 58 2.4. Mainstreaming DRR in Development: State level Flagship Schemes ......................................... 61

3. Climate Change Actions: ..................................................................................................................... 71 3.1. Common actions to be taken to Mitigate Climate Change ......................................................... 71 3.2. Sector Specific Activities for climate Change .............................................................................. 72


1 Preparedness Plan

Preparedness has been defined as the knowledge and capacities developed by governments, response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent or current disasters. A preparedness plan establishes arrangements in advance to enable timely, effective and appropriate responses to specific potential hazardous events or emerging disaster situations that might threaten society or the environment1. Therefore, this Preparedness Plan includes checklist for all concerned stakeholders of the district to prepare themselves for effective and efficient disaster response. It helps in preparing district administration, departments and other stakeholders for better coordinated response with available resources. Identification of vulnerable areas, emergency shelter sites, evacuation routes, emergency resources, chains of commands, etc, becomes an important part of preparedness. All of these measures will go a long way to improving the quality, timing and effectiveness of the response to a disaster.

1.1. General Preparedness Measures based on SWOT Analysis of Line Departments

Establishment and functioning of the Control Rooms: DCCC (District Command and Communication Centre) is a central command and control facility responsible for carrying out the principles of disaster preparedness and disaster management functions at a strategic level in an emergency. The common functions of the DCCC is to collect, gather and analyze data; make decisions that protect life and property and disseminate those decisions to all concerned agencies and individuals. In this regard, Visakhapatanam District Command and Communication Centre will be strengthened with necessary equipment and dedicated manpower to deal with disaster risk management related communication functions. Respective department having access to alternative communication systems and network including Revenue and Police shall keep their equipment functional and shall send quarterly status report to the DDMA. Other departments shall also make provisions to establish control rooms in case of seasonal hazards where period is defined like floods, heatwaves, cyclone etc particularly Health, Agriculture and Horticulture, Fisheries, Electricity, Irrigation, Roads and Building departments which are critical to reducing loss and damage associated with disasters and climate change.

Plan Updation: Updation of DDMP is a crucial preparedness activity along with departmental plans of respective departments. The plan should be updated atleast once in a year with a focus on checking manpower (transfers and retirements), possible and emerging scenarios (hazards and vulnerability), progress, outcome and challenges etc. This should also include checking specific preparedness elements such emergency stockpiling of essential supplies, emergency communication network and facilities, managing routine overloads and special activities like elections, vip visits etc. The following process should be followed for updation of the DDMP

1 UNGA (2016), Report of the open-ended intergovernmental expert working group on indicators and terminology relating to disaster risk reduction


The Chief Executive Officer/Convenor of DDMA will be responsible for updation of the plan as per the above the process.

Communication System: Provision of wireless sets at all Department Heads and Tehsildars for effective communication of cyclone/heavy rainfall/ heat waves. Fire Brigades at all the Municipal Offices. All departments shall initiate planning for alternative communication systems for disasters and climatic extreme events

Training for Disaster Management Team Members: Disaster management teams should be formed at three levels such as District, Mandala and Village level. Each of the DMTs shall comprise groups of women and men volunteers and are assigned with a specials task The Search and Rescue Teams, First Aid Teams formed at the three levels should be provided training from time to time so that their timely help can be used during disaster.

Desk Review

•Progress and Challneges

•Role; Availability of manpower and equipment

•Up-dation agenda

DDMP Review meeting

•Sharing of progress and challenges

•Finalizing updation agenda

Data collection

•Department level

•Community level

Analysis and interpretation

•Identifying key gaps

•pririty areas

Updation of plan

•Updating key sections and sub-sections

Finalizing

•Roundtable within DDMA

•Consultation with departments

No Aspects of Awareness Building

1 Formation of Village Disaster Response Party with functions of SAR, First Aid and coordination to support local administration during disasters

2 Building awareness on Crop Insurance and its benefits

3 Building awareness on Livestock Insurance and its benefits

4 Cyclone and Flood resilient constructions

5 Ecosystem preservation and restoration

6 Interpreting warning and evacuation process

7 Flood and Fire preparedness at household level

8 Do’s and Don’ts regarding various hazards

9 Climate change and livelihood in rural areas


Organization of Mock Drills: Mock drill is an integral part of this disaster management plan, as it is a preparedness drill to check the system for emergency response, identify areas of improvement and initiate actions to enhance preparedness thereof. Mock drills should be organized in all the vulnerable villages of the district to activate the DMTs and modification of the DM plan. Mock drill is organized once in six months as per the seasonality calendar of natural disaster events that is likely to occur.

Community Awareness on Various Disasters: The widespread community awareness program in most hazard prone villages is required so that villages are sensitized about the hazard and there are no problems when there is need for evacuation. The following table reflects key themes for generating community awareness in Visakhapatanam district

1.2. Coordination mechanism of DDMA in Pre Disaster Situation

Preparation Objectives Actions Initiated by

Convening District Level Committee on natural calamity in the month of July

To suggest the least of relief work to be undertaken, advise on the precautionary measures to be taken, directions for stocking of food grains in strategic or key points.

District Command and Communication Centre

Identification of vulnerable points according to the expected disaster

Repairing of breaches, stocking of the sand bags, alerting people near highly vulnerable pockets.

DRO, Executive engineers of Irrigation department supported by EEs, R&B

Identification & Indent of essential commodities for the inaccessible/scarcity pockets

Stocking of food grains and other essential things in GP headquarters

Tehsildars and MPDOs

Selection of Shelters Arrangements for shelter during emergency

Joint collectors, Tehsildars through PRIs and local people

Requirement of medicines, formation of mobile teams, identifying epidemic areas

Stocking of medicines and deputation of personals.

DM&HO

Arrangement of food and fodder for the cattle

Stocking of the same Joint Collector with DSO

Organizing Mock drills Awareness generation and practice

All concerned

1.3. Coordination Mechanism of DDMA in Immediate pre disaster Situation (immediately after receipt of warning)


Receipt of information From IMD/SRC control room/DCCC

District Command and Communication Centre (DCCC)

Dissemination of information From DCCC to all Tehsildars DEOC, Head of line depts. ,DRO, Tehsildars

Immediate setting and operational of control room round the clock Rescue and evacuation

To evacuate vulnerable people to identified shelters and logistic arrangements

SDRF, Police personals, armed forces, fire officers, red-cross team ready with rescue kits which are to be made available


to them through the DCCC

Arrangement of free kitchen To provide immediate feeding to the evacuated people

Tehsildars/RDOs/NGOs

Sanitation and medicines To prevent epidemics and infections

Executive engineer of RWSS/DM&HO

Ensuring transportation of relief materials to affected pockets

To ensure that the relief materials reach in time to the affected people

DSO/Joint collectors/BSOs/DTO

Ensuring safety of life and belongings

To prevent anti-social activities SP/DSP/Inspector and SI of the affected block/NGOs

Ensuring availability of safe drinking water, provision of health facilities and minimum sanitation

To check the onset of epidemics DM&HO/Executive engineers of PHED

Meeting of field level officers in every 24 hours to review the situation

Better co-ordination DC,JC and AJC at district level and RDO at Revenue-divisional level

Collection of information by the core group of the EOC and daily reporting to concerned officers

Triangular linkage between field, district and state control room

Core group of DCCC/Officers of line departments

Estimation of number of vehicles – Light/Medium/Heavy

To ensure smooth transportation for relief works

DTO

Arrangement of road cleaners/power sow and other essential equipments

To clean the roads, cut the fallen trees, clear the debris etc.

DTO, Executive Engineer, Executive Officer – Nagar Panchayat

Arrangement of trucks loaded with generators

To move to the field immediately after the disaster is over

DTO

1.3.1. Coordination Mechanism of DDMA during Disaster (Relief Distribution Mechanism)


Alertness & Readiness to gear up in action, immediately after the disaster

To rescue the trapped and injured persons

All the stakeholders

Control room functional round the clock

To mitigate the effects of the disaster

District control room, all line depts., Tehsildars

Monitoring To review the rescue and relief work

Collector/JC/RDO

Distribution of relief as per provisions

To provide food and other essential commodities for survival

MPDOs/Tehsildars, NGOs

1.3.2. Coordination Mechanism of DDMA in Post Disaster Situation


Distribution of relief as per provisions

To provide food and other essential commodities for survival

SDC, Tehsildars, NGOs

Assessment of Damage To ascertain the exact loss for reporting to the govt.

All line depts., Tehsildars, Executive engineers, Sub


Collectors

Monitoring the relief operations organized by external agencies/UN agencies/Red Cross / NGOs /Other States etc. by the dist. Authorities

To maintain uniformity of relief administration

Collector. JC, RDOs

Restoration of communication – Roads & Railways

For timely and Prompt delivery/transportation of relief articles/deployment of rescue teams

Executive engineers of concerned depts., Military and paramilitary forces, police

Restoration of electronic communication system

To ensure proper coordination linkage

BSNL Private Service Providers and Technocrats of police signals

Immediate arrangement of free kitchen for the effected people

To avoid starvation Sub collectors/Line depts./PSUs

Documentation of the entire event-Written, Audio, Video

For reporting purposes and institutional memory

RDOs

Monitoring To review the relief works and remove the bottlenecks

DC/JC/DRO

1.4. Standard checklist for Revenue Department: In-charge Officer: DC/ JC/DRO

Sr. No. Key actions Check

1. Convene the meetings of District Disaster Management Authority.

2. Update the District Disaster Management Plan Quarterly.

3. Maintain and activate the District and divisional Control Rooms.

4. Establish communications with all stakeholders for purpose of receiving and sending warning and information exchange through district control room.

5. Establish warning systems between the local to district level and with media.

6. Ensure laying down construction norms for all types of buildings and infrastructure.

7. Ensure identification of safe places for establishment of relief camps and confirming their suitability.

8. Appoint In-charge Officers of Response base.

9. Ensure damage and need assessment through teams formed through concerned departments.

10. Check upon inventory of resources.

11. Ensure capacity building of the community and all departmental staff.

12. Ensure to establish and manage relief camps through life line departments.

13. Call for emergency meeting to take stock of the situation. Develop a strategy and objectives.

14. Check the supplied of food grains through the Public Distribution System.


15. Prepare a list of relief items to be distributed.

16. Seek tenders / quotations for all the relief items and fix the rates and suppliers.

17. Ensure formalising rate contracts- All departments that require hire of manpower and purchase of material during emergencies.

18. Ensuring to create and pre-dominate teams, transport, material and equipment for responding to the disaster incident.

19. Prepare a transportation plan for supply of relief items.

20. Convene meetings of NGOs, Youth Clubs, Self Help Groups, etc. in the district, and assign them specific responsibilities for relief, recovery and rehabilitation.

21. Constitute / activate Village – Level Preparedness Teams with the help of PRIs, local NGOs, and revenue officials.

22. Prepare an evacuation plan for the villages which are marooned / devastated.

23. Prepare a list of transit / temporary shelters, and check upon their suitability for accommodating people.

24. Ensure disposal of dead bodies and carcasses through Police, Medical, NGOs, Public Health and Forest Department.

25. Ensure general cleaning of the entire city area through water and sanitation, Municipal Corporation, Public Health Department, etc.

26. Ensure collation of expense accounts for sanctions and audits.

27. Activation of help lines through police and health departments and district public relations office.

28. Ensure media briefing through DPRO Appoint.

29. Ensure preparation of rehabilitation plan for displaced population through Town and Country Planning, ULBs/PRIs, etc.

30. Ensure disbursal of Compensation.

31. If pre-quake vibrations are felt and if the central agencies advise, prepare for evacuation plan for population from dangerous buildings.

32. Coordinate with Army, Indian Air Force, and Navy for support towards recue, evacuation and relief.

33. Commence functioning of IRS and ESF systems.

34. Recall important functionaries from leave; communicate to the staff to man their places of duties like the ward and divisional offices and respective departments.

35. Ensure that panic does not occur.

36. Activate all emergency communications.

37. Revenue staff to reconnoiter on ground and send intelligence regarding situation in their areas.

38. Ensure Provision of Nutritional aspects of food for disaster victims.


Floods


1.4.1. Hazard- Flood

The above image shows population distribution in flooded or waterlogged zones for Visakhapatnam district.

The major flood prone areas in twin cities are the low lying areas in the catchment areas of Velemapeta, Poorna Market, Kota Veedhi etc., in the Old City comprising of wards 1 to 20 and some parts in the 30 to 40 divisions. The Air Port area is a complete Flood Prone area and affects the city normal life tremendously in the Floods. The areas in the 45 to 50 divisions and the Gajuwaka are commonly affected with the flash floods which occur during the cyclonic rains. The below given hazard wise checklists are based on discussion with departments, recommendations made by officials and analysis of Hazard, Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment Exercise. This checklist should be updated based on experience of implementing the plan in the year 2016-17 and is indicative. This can be strengthened based on clarity achieved amongst the departments on their role in disaster risk management in Visakhapatanam district.


Preparedness Steps/Checklist for Floods

Department Actions D

- Se

ctio

n

To follow-up with Water Resources Department about the repair and maintenance of the embankments & act accordingly

To follow-up with Water Resources Department about the status of prevention, mitigation and preparedness related programmes and activities & act accordingly

To follow-up with DMs/DDMAs about the shelters and the facilities available there & act accordingly

To follow-up with Food & Civil Supplies Department for the positioning of supply of grains and fast food stuff etc. in the area & act accordingly

To follow-up with Department of Transport and Department of Cabinet Coordination (Civil Aviation wing) about the availability of transportation facilities & act accordingly.

To arrange for the storage and packaging of the relief materials.

To follow-up with Department of Science & Technology and Indian Meteorology Department about the functioning of the gadgets and equipments at the ground and EOCs level and do the needful.

To follow-up with NDRF & APSDRF about their preparedness & organize periodic meetings with them.

To form the Incident Management Team consisting of officers from the Lead and Support Departments.

To form Damage Assessment Team.

Agr

icu

ltu

re D

ep

artm

en

t

Check the equipments, telephone, wireless etc. are functional and ready.

Seed and fertilizers stored at safe places?

Awareness on the fertilizer management, promoting the bio-fertilizer programme by the soil conservation department.

Training in adopting new agriculture practices, farmer's exposure visit to centers of excellence, institutes, training in cropping practices and use of modern technology.

Ensuring there is sufficient stock of seeds and other agriculture resources in disaster prone areas. Also there is availability of preventive measures.

Check and ensure there is sufficient stock of equipments and tools for the repairing of non-functional machines and equipments.

Identify the crops which are vulnerable to flood developing the alternate cropping system to mitigate the risk of crop destruction.

Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this placement of the items at safe places.

Identify potential emergencies. Refer to contingency specific action plans for the same.


Functioning of Rainfall measurement centers to be checked and ensuring there is sufficient stock of equipments and tools for the repairing of nonfunctional machines and equipments.

Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready.

A n i m a l H u s b a n d r y Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination.


Check vaccination before the seasonal disasters such as flood to be held regularly.

Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk.

Check supply of life saving vaccines in advance and safe storage for them.

Arrangement of vehicle for transport of injured animals

Identification of the safe place in the Panchayat with the help of community and field staff of the department.

Fodder storage at safe places.


Fish

eri

es D

ep

artm

en

t

Renovation of the fishponds and ox-bow lakes.

Ensuring that the protection has been provided to the fishponds.

Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at vulnerable locations for the immediate repairs.

Setting up of model farms in the districts and the exposure visit of the Panchayats so that they gain knowledge

Poultry farms and cattle farms should be clean and availability of water and fodder should be throughout the year


Ensure sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response.

Ensuring that the protection has been provided to the fish ponds.

Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for the immediate repairs.



Bh

arat

San

char

Nig

am L

imit

ed

Nominate a nodal officer for disaster management.

Have you identified safe areas for installing the BSNL towers or setting-up a unit during disaster?

Standby arrangements for temporary electric supply or generators

Have you established Mass Massaging services to update the society on weather forecast and early warning?

Sending alert messages during emergencies.

Location of equipments, wires at safe places to rectify the technical problems in time.

Is the department monitoring the line department's telecom infrastructure regularly?

Power backup for the continuation of the uninterrupted telecommunication signals.

Keep the equipments, telephone, wireless etc. functional and ready.

Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination.

Training of departmental staff in DRR knowledge.

Identification of safe areas before installing the BSNL towers or setting-up a unit.

Ensuring that the power back up is there for the continuation of the work.

Computerization of rural and remote extension offices.

Insertion of DRR features in telecom training which is provided by the BSNL.


Taking initiative in starting SMS services to update the society on weather forecast.






Ensure the safety of own building and property.

Regular monitoring of the line department's telecom infrastructure.

Pu

blic

Wo

rks

De

pt.

(P

WD

)

An officer to be appointed as nodal officer for Disaster management

Arrangement of extra vehicles/ heavy equipments, such as front-end loaders, towing vehicles, earth moving equipments, cranes etc.

Ensuring there is sufficient stock of construction material in disaster prone areas. Also there is availability of preventive measures


Inspection and emergency repair for roads, road bridges, underwater inspection /piers/concrete and steel work.

Identifying the buildings that are vulnerable to flood, earthquake, water logging and developing the plan to avoid any damage to the building.

Identification of the safe building (govt.) in the panchayat and block. The safe places must be identified as per the disasters (flood, earthquake).

Route strategy for evacuation and relief marked

Clearance of blocked roads.

Community assistance mobilized for road clearing.

All staff informed about the disasters, likely damages and effects.

Edu

cati

o

n

De

par

tme

nt

Selection of site for the construction of school building shall be done with the level of flooding water in mind.

Open space for emergency construction of sheds etc. shall be left to the extent possible.

Elec

tric

ity

De

par

tmen

t


Identification and assessment of power generating units at the panchayat level block level and district level.

To promote the schemes on non- conventional energy sources.

Location of such units away from the water logging areas.

Installation of biogas units or windmill at safe places in the villages.

The department must identify the power units, which are located in disaster prone areas, arrange proper route connectivity for relief, emergency logistic, and provide alternate connectivity to reduce damage.

Based on latest or previous emergency or crisis experience the department should frame an outline of future action plan including disaster risk reduction preventive measurements.

Allocation of separate fund for disaster management, so that the essential reconstruction work can be started early after any emergency.


Define standards/ benchmarks to measure department's performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities.



Identify potential emergency situations. Make references to contingency specific action plans for the same.

Ensuring there is sufficient stock of construction material in disaster prone areas.

Also there is availability of preventive measures.

Availability of vehicle to transport the electric equipments.

The executive engineer must ensure the temporary construction work has taken place before the disaster forecast (flood, storm etc).

Ensuring the availability of equipments like cables, wire, transformers, generators etc. at key locations.

Identifying the power units which are vulnerable to flood, earthquake, water logging and developing the plan to avoid any damage to the building.




Fire

De

par

tme

nt

Road Construction Department should specifically tell Fire Department about the road diversions and maintenance of the roads before head

Ambulance Siren should be different from Fire Bridged Siren.

Assess the vulnerable points in the infrastructure, especially hazardous industries and take measures like timely repairs etc.

Maintenance of firefighting equipments etc and installation of fire alarm and water pumps like hydraulic, sprinkler etc.

Scope the budget for the maintenance of fire fightingequipments and structural measures etc under different categories.

Protect the life and property from fire break and other disasters like flood.

Promotion of fire safety standards

Organising awareness and training

Ensure to install fire safety measures like fire alarm, hydraulic pump, sprinkler etc.

Ensure that the fire fighters are equipped with effective and modernized weapons, safety measures like fire proof gloves and suits etc.

Identify the vulnerable areas, buildings etc and make an action plan to reduce its risk.

Assess the risk vulnerability of the areas and promote fire safety measures according to the need.

Conduct regular mock drill, training and awareness camp on fire safety measures and DRR to the fire fighters and among the masses.

Define standards to measure departments' performance on risk reduction activities and emergency response capacities.

Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures


to reduce the risk.

Ensure to keep the force alert and sufficient preparedness is there for emergency response


Identify the most vulnerable areas to floods, create awareness, and training among the people on fire safety measures, prepare the force for emergency search and rescue operation.

Implementation of fire safety measures in the private, government and own buildings and establishments.

Provide regular training in primary health care and in evacuation, search and rescue to the fire brigades to make them alert.

Periodically inspect the vulnerable areas like hazardous chemical and other industries.

Stockpile and preposition sufficient number of fire fighting equipments and vehicles to combat any emergency.




To involve in disaster management activity, identify the voluntary workers from NGOs, Educational institutions and provide them training.

Hea

lth

De

par

tme

nt

Sensitivity towards people (those who give the resources whom they have to give it)


Ensure effective integration of health concerns with determinants of health like sanitation & hygiene, nutrition, and safe drinking water through the district health plan.

Prepare and Implement inter-sectoral District Health Plan including drinking water, sanitation & hygiene and nutrition.




Home Guard Department

District based training centre for the training of the solders

There should be arrangement of proper mess for the preparation of food

Irrigation Department

Improve in the field of more tube well facilities to the people so that people total dependence on the monsoon should reduce.

Pu

blic

He

alth

Engi

nee

rin

g D

ep

artm

ent

Floods in this district are really need to be taken care of at the same time we also need to look upon the poverty and illiteracy which is prevailing in this District.


Establish mechanisms for the delivery of safe drinking water, halogen tablets, and bleaching powder in the relief camps/shelters in disaster probable areas.

Establish a contingency fund in the department.


The Department must try to construct hazard specific sanitation so that the available services can be utilized in a proper manner.

Identification of suitable land for solid waste management and awareness in the community on this subject.

Most of the diseases during the emergency are water born vector diseases, keeping community health and hygiene could only be possible through safe drinking water supply and eco-friendly sanitation facility.

The department must also stress for the provision for management of issues like disposal of solid/liquid waste.

Raise prior awareness amongst the community about how to treat water sources, using chlorine tablets, store safe water etc.

Construction of toilets and installing hand pumps or other water resource structure Sanitation facility.

Design and implementation of solid waste disposal program.

Identification of safe solid waste management sites.

Take measures to reduce erosion risks.

Assess disaster risks due to any new construction or maintenance activity.

Protection of embankments of the ponds and rivers.

The hand pumps should be installed on raised platforms.

The toilet should be constructed on elevated grounds or raised platform.

While construction of sanitary facility or hand pumps the PHED should also keep genders and disabled community in their technical operation.

Allocation of separate fund for disaster management, so that the essential reconstruction work can be started early after any emergency situation.





Identify disaster affected areas in the district and install/repair sufficient number of hand pumps to ensure regular supply of pure drinking water among the community.

Review the stock of hand pump repair tool kits and bleaching powder at every quarter and ensure pre positioning of sufficient stock in the department.

Promote usage of low cost sanitary toilets in the disaster affected areas in the district.

Preposition sufficient stock of hand pump and low cost sanitary toilet models to be distributed and used in the relief camps and shelters.



Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this, placement of the items at safe places.


Building Construction Department

(PWD)

Look for the areas which get water inundated, flood affected most of the time. There is a need to make those area infrastructurly stronger.

Women development

and child welfare

department

Structure should be made stronger for the anganwadi centres

Try to make reach easy specially during disasters, like Flood.

District Rural Development

Agency (DRDA)


The DoRD should prioritize area of development with the area of interest. Under the MNAREGA work, embankment must be reinforced, sustainable and resistive plantation and periodically siltation dug out and settlement.

The use of flood resistant techniques/ structures in the construction of roads, community centre, rural building etc.

Guidance and helping the DM committees in developing the disaster management plan.

Capacity building of community in the rural areas regarding DRR.






Ensuring there is sufficient stock of construction material is available in disaster prone areas. Also there is availability of preventive measures.

Temporary construction work or retrofitting to the vulnerable buildings.

Plantation, repairing of drainage system, small canals, embankments etc.

Protection of the ponds and water bodies.




Rather taking staff on daily wages, staff should be taken as a permanent staff.

Foo

d C

orp

ora

tio

n Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination

Ensure that food supplies are safe from any adulteration and any sort of intended poisoning or damage.

Ensure that the expired gas cylinders are replaced from the system.

Coordinate with Supply Department to ensure that all safety measures are in place for proper storage, transportation and distribution of supplies.

Build awareness among the departmental staff, communities and the key


stakeholders engaged with the department on potential disaster risks and measures to reduce the risk.

Coordinate with the Supply Department to ensure enough food and other necessary supplies are available in disaster prone areas.

Ensure availability of at-least one spacious go down in each block to keep enough food and necessary supplies.

Ensure that enough food stock is available in the PDS shops in each Panchayat, and that the stock can be used in emergency situations also.

Coordinate with Supply Department and Transport Department to ensure enough vehicles are available during the disaster time for transport of food materials. This arrangement can be done in advance.

In Coordination with Supply Department prepare action plan for emergency transportation and distribution of food supplies.

Prepare action plan for adequate safety (and relocation if required) of food materials stored in the godowns in case of flood or other disasters.



Mu

nic

ipal

Co

rpo

rati

on

Have a proper solid water management

Have a Proper Drainage Sytem

Provide clean drinking water

Wat

er

Way

s D

ep

artm

en

t

Assess the vulnerable points in the infrastructure, especially embankments and take measures like timely repairs etc.

Maintenance of sluice gates etc and construction of channels for distributing river waters to ponds.

Scope the budget for the maintenance of embankments, sluice gates, lock gates etc under different categories.


Periodically inspect the embankments for cracks, holes and other potential wear and tear.

Stockpile and preposition sufficient number of sandbags to repair the cracks in the embankments.


Keep the equipments, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready



Thus, the risk of flooding in the district is to be essentially mitigated. The following recommendations are made for mitigating flood risk in the district Structural Mitigation Measures for Flood

Probable Mitigation Measures

Implementing Departments

Convergence with Scheme/ Program

Time Frame

De-Siltation drives to increase carrying capacity of canals

Irrigation Departmental Program, MGNREGS, Municipal Scheme

0-3 Years

Structural audit and strengthening of Dams and Barrage

Irrigation Department, APGENCO, NHPC

Departmental Program 0-3 years

Construction/ repairing / strengthening of embankments/ protection wall as and where necessary

Rural Development, Forest

Departmental program & MGNREGS, watershed, Integrated coastal zone management programme

0 to 5 years

Departmental program & MGNREGS, watershed, Integrated coastal zone management programme

Rural Development, R&B department

Departmental program & MGNREGS

Regularly

Repair and maintenance of Flood Channels, canals, natural drainage, storm water lines

Irrigation department Concerned Municipality

Departmental or special plan

0-1 years

Construction of Safe and raised Shelters (New constructions under PMAY)

R&B, DRDA and District Panchayat

PMAY Regularly

Construction/ upgradation of flood shelters in risk prone areas

R&B & DDMA with P&RD and MCs

ICZRMP/ APSDMA initiative

0-3 years

Construction of check dams, Dams in the upstream.

Irrigation and Agriculture department

RKVY 1-3 Years

Protection wall and bamboo and vegetative cover against river level intrusion and land erosion

Forest and Rural development, Agriculture department

Department schemes, MGNREGS, IWMP

0-6 months

Non-Structural Mitigation Measures for Flood




Time Frame


Safety audit of existing and proposed housing constructions in flood prone areas of the district

R&B with Revenue, Irrigation, VMC, MMC

PMAY One time study and frequent follow ups

Study of the major rivers in terms of carrying capacity and issues in the context of extreme rainfall events

Irrigation Department with CWC

Departmental Scheme 0-1 yrs

Preparation and dissemination of education and awareness generation materials in high risk areas on flood safety

DDMA APSDMA awareness generation program

Regular

Identify and undertaking massive encroachment clearance drives to revive flow of water in rivulets particularly in urban

DDMA with VMC and MMC, Police and Irrigation

Departmental Program and support of APSDMA

0-2 years

Promotion of Traditional, local and innovative practices like bamboo/plastic bottle rafts etc, clean city green city

DDMA, DRDA, Panchayat, Sports and youth, SHGs and youth groups, NGOs Volunteers

Training and capacity building plan for disaster management At all level

Regularly

Capacity building of volunteers and technicians

DDMA Training and capacity building plan for disaster management At all level

Regularly

Street plays on urban flooding in low lying areas

VMC with DDMA/APSDMA

Departmental program Once before monsoon season

Awareness generation on health and safety of livestock

Veterinary officer, rural development

Departmental Scheme Regularly

Implementation of weed Control Measures

Agriculture Department

RKVY 0-3 years


Cyclonic Storm


1.4.2. Hazard: Cyclonic Storm

The above image shows population distribution in cyclone zones for Visakhapatnam district

The city is a coastal city and is predominantly prone to hydrological events such as depressions, cyclones, sea storms, tsunamis etc. In the Bay of Bengal, depressions are likely to be encountered during all seasons of the year with a local fall in the pressure. On an average one cyclone per annum may occur. Cyclones are frequent during the month of November. Cyclones are also likely to occur during the month of May. The Visakhapatnam city has experienced severe cyclonic storms several times since 1895 and its frequency has increased in recent times notably in 1965, 1965, 1983, 1985, 1995, and 1998. On an average the city is experiencing a cyclone almost every year. It gives a warning to the city that the severe cyclone may bring lost of destruction or damage to the city. In general the duration between September to November of every year will be important with reference to the floods or inundation due to the occurrence of significant amount of the rainfall events. The heavy rains during the months of September & October 2005 not only inundated the low-lying areas but also Visakhapatnam Airport.

Preparedness Steps/Checklist for Cyclonic Strom

Department Actions

Agriculture Department Check the equipment, telephone, wireless etc. are functional and ready.

Seed and fertilizers stored at safe places.

Awareness on the fertilizer management, promoting the bio-fertilizer programme by the soil conservation department.


Training in adopting new agriculture practices, farmer's exposure visit to centers of excellence, institutes, training in cropping practices and use of modern technology.


Check and ensure there is sufficient stock of equipment and tools for the repairing of non-functional machines and equipment.

Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipment and for this placement of the items at safe places.



Animal Husbandry Establish coordination and liaison with District and Mandal Control Rooms, other relevant departments, support agencies, community level committees.






Fisheries Department Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination.

Renovation of the fish ponds and ox-bow lakes.


Open the fisheries departmental office on block level to understand the ground realities

Improve the better functioning among the people.


Supply of life saving vaccines in advance and safe storage for them.


Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited


Communication establishment with District and Block control rooms and departmental offices.








Keep the equipments, telephone, wireless etc. functional and ready.


Training of departmental staff in DRR knowledge.

Identification of safe areas before installing the BSNL towers or setting-up a unit.

Ensuring that the power back up is there for the continuation of the work.

Computerization of rural and remote extension offices.

Insertion of DRR features in telecom training which is provided by the BSNL.

Taking initiative in starting SMS services to update the society on weather forecast.



The BSNL Company must ensure there is inclusion of DRR features in telecom instruments and services.

Functioning of BSNL office from safe building in order to provide the unhindered telecom services to the people.




The BSNL Company must ensure that the temporary construction work or retrofitting has been done to the vulnerable buildings.




Public Works Dept. (PWD)


Arrangement of extra vehicles/ heavy equipments, such as front-end loaders, towing vehicles, earth moving equipments, cranes etc.



Inspection and emergency repair for roads, road bridges, underwater inspection /piers/concrete and steel work.

Community assistance mobilized for road clearing.

All staff informed about the disasters, likely damages and effects.

Education Department Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination.


Ensure disaster management be part of curriculum in all schools, colleges.


Ensure that all furniture of the schools, colleges are strong enough and can be used as hiding places in case of earthquake.

Place sign boards, marks indicating nearest exit routes, safe places, first aid, and other necessary services.



Electricity Department Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination.




Installation of bio gas units or wind mill at safe places in the villages.

Taking measures to check the soil erosion and water logging when laying canal for the purpose of electricity generation.

The department must identify the power units which are located in disaster prone areas and arrange proper route connectivity for relief, emergency logistic and also provide alternate connectivity to reduce damage.








Availability of vehicle to transport the electric equipment.

Ensuring the availability of equipment like cables, wire, transformers, generators etc. at key locations.


Keep the equipment, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready.


Fire Department Fire department should have their own workshop for the repair of the vehicles

Road Construction Department should specifically tell Fire Department about


the road diversions and maintenance of the roads before head

Ambulance Siren should be different from Fire Bridged Siren.


Maintenance of firefighting equipment etc. and installation of fire alarm and water pumps like hydraulic, sprinkler etc.

Scope the budget for the maintenance of firefighting equipment and structural measures etc. under different categories.




Ensure that the fire fighters are equipped with effective and modernized weapons, safety measures like fire proof gloves and suits etc.

Identify the vulnerable areas, buildings etc. and make an action plan to reduce its risk.

Assess the risk vulnerability of the areas and promote fire safety measures according to the need.


Identify the most vulnerable areas to fire and other disasters, create awareness, and training among the people on fire safety measures, prepare the force for emergency search and rescue operation.

Implementation of fire safety measures in the private, government and own buildings and establishments.

Provide regular training in primary health care and in evacuation, search and rescue to the fire brigades to make them alert.

Periodically inspect the vulnerable areas like hazardous chemical and other industries.

Health Department Sensitivity towards people (those who give the resources whom they have to give it)


Ensure effective integration of health concerns with determinants of health like sanitation & hygiene, nutrition, and safe drinking water through the district health plan.





Irrigation Department Improve in the field of more tube well facilities to the people so that people


total dependence on the monsoon should reduce.

Public Health Engineering Department





Identification of suitable land for solid waste management and awareness in the community on this subject.

The department must also stress for the provision for management of issues like disposal of solid/liquid waste.

Construction of toilets and installing hand pumps or other water resource structure Sanitation facility.

Design and implementation of solid waste disposal program.

Identification of safe solid waste management sites.

Take measures to reduce erosion risks.

Assess disaster risks due to any new construction or maintenance activity.


The hand pumps should be installed on raised platforms.

While construction of sanitary facility or hand pumps the PHED should also keep genders and disabled community in their technical operation.




Women development and child welfare

department

Structure should be made stronger for the anganwadi centres

Try to make reach easy especially during disasters, like cyclone.

District Rural Development Agency

(DRDA)

The DoRD should prioritize area of development with the area of interest. Under the MNAREGA work, embankment must be reinforced, sustainable and resistive plantation and periodically siltation dug out and settlement.

Guidance and helping the DM committees in developing the disaster management plan.

Capacity building of community in the rural areas regarding DRR.




Temporary construction work or retrofitting to the vulnerable buildings.


Plantation, repairing of drainage system, small canals, embankments etc.

Protection of the ponds and water bodies.



Rather taking staff on daily wages, staff should be taken as a permanent staff.

Food Corporation Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination

Ensure that food supplies are safe from any adulteration and any somewhat intended poisoning or damage.





Coordinate with the Supply Department to ensure enough food and other necessary supplies are available in disaster prone areas.

Municipal Corporation Have a proper solid water management

Have a Proper Drainage System

Water Ways Department

Develop new ideas for erosion control

Establish and practice protocols for Early Warning approval and dissemination

Assess the vulnerable points in the infrastructure, especially embankments and take measures like timely repairs etc.

Maintenance of sluice gates etc. and construction of channels for distributing river waters to ponds.

Scope the budget for the maintenance of embankments, sluice gates, lock gates etc. under different categories.






Keep the equipment, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready



For mitigation of cyclone risks the following actions are proposed: Structural Mitigation Measures for Cyclonic Storms




Time Frame

Conduct safety assessment and Construction/ Repairing/ retrofitting and regular structural maintenance of Cyclone Shelters for making them multi-hazard resilient

Revenue, PR&RD, R&B

ICZRMP, GPDP, MGRENGS and departmental Programs

0-5 years

Assessment and Retrofitting of existing electrical supply infrastructure such as poles, transformers which are vulnerable to falling against high speed wind

Electricity Department and PR &RD

Departmental Programs and

0-3 years

Enhance mangrove tree plantation in coastal belt by a target of 20%

Forest and PR&RD Departmental Program and MGNREGS

0-3 years

Assess structural safety of life line buildings in coastal areas particularly Machalipatnam city to withstand wind speed upto 300 KMs and retrofit as needed particularly hospitals, schools and key government Offices

R&B, DDMA and Revenue

APSDMA program, ICZRMP and Departmental Program

0-5 years

Assess and implement structural retrofitting to Mobile communication towers in high risk areas as shown in the map

BSNL and other prominent private network operators

Departmental scheme, ICZRMP

0-3 years

Identification and repair/ retrofitting of houses and buildings unsafe for cyclone

R & B, Education, Health, DRDA (District Panchayat)

Departmental Scheme, SSA

Every year

Construction of Post- harvest plot forms in low laying areas

PR&RD & Agriculture Department

GPDP and MGNREGS 0-5 years

Construction of Cattle Shelters in identified Villages- Feed and Fodder storage godowns

Revenue Department with PR&RD

ICZRMP, GPDP &MGNREGS

0-5 Years

Creation of shore based Fisheries Dept with ICZRMP, Departmental 0-5 Years


facilities at all fish landing centers for storage of fishing nets and equipment

R&B and PR&RD Program

Non-Structural Mitigation Measures for Cyclonic Storms

Probable Mitigation Measures Implementing Departments


Time Frame

Mock Test Early warning Dissemination mechanisms

DDMA, NIC District administration Line department

Regularly

Training and awareness generation for use of safety jackets/rings/buoys/rope etc. for fisher folks

DDMA DDMA, DDMP, SDMP,APSDMA,RDMD

Regularly

Awareness regarding hazard DDMA DDMA, DDMP, SDMP,APSDMA,RDMD

Regularly

Regulate and issue orders for poor quality hoardings/buildings or any other objects

R & B Department, Municipality

DDMA, Municipality, CDP Regularly

Advancement of Planting season (Use of Non Lodging Varieties. Switching to Short duration Varieties)

PR &RD, Agriculture and Forest Department

MGNREGS Regularly

Enhance multiple usability of exclusive cyclone shelters through community outreach planning and activities

DDMA with PR&RD

Departmental Program Regularly

Encouragement of short duration variety of seed and crop diversification instead of paddy cultivation to avoid cyclone season

Agriculture and PR&RD

RKVY Regular


Drought


1.4.3. Hazard- Drought Indian Meteorological Department has defined drought as ‘the consequence of a natural reduction in the amount of precipitation over an extended period of time, usually a season or more in length, often associated with other climatic factors (viz. high temperatures, high winds and low relative humidity) that can aggravate the severity of the drought event.’2

The above image shows blocks with Drought Index within Visakhapatnam district. The majority of

blocks in district fall in Mild Drought Zones and a few blocks in No Drought Zones. Drought is another important hazard for the district with mild to moderate risk. Due to drought

habitations in the district suffered from drinking water scarcity due to drying up of spot sources as well

as insufficient water storage in drinking water storage tanks fed either by rain water or by canal system.

Owing to drought conditions, fodder production was depleted resulting in fodder scarcity. Such

condition led to increase in the demand for the supply of fodder with accompanied hike in prices. Added

to these factors the fodder had to be transported from surplus areas to the deficit areas and the

transportation cost being added made fodder very costly. (DDMP, 2015).

2 IMD, Frequently Asked Questions, PP-14 available at http://imd.gov.in/section/nhac/wxfaq.pdf


Preparedness Steps/Checklist for Drought Department Actions

D- Section

Drought being a slow on-setting hazard, response to it may be coupled with mitigation measures to hold it from further intensification

Drought has to be viewed from flood point of view, on the one hand, and from rain harvesting point view, on the other

Encourage Water Resources Department, Department of Minor Irrigation, Department of Agriculture & PHED and other specialized agencies to take up drought prevention and mitigation measures.

To coordinate with Urban Development Department/Panchayati Raj Department/PHED/Rural Development Department/ Building Construction Department/ Education Department/ Health Department etc. for promotion of rain water harvesting measures as a drought prevention measure and encourage them to incorporate rain harvesting measures in all building construction works undertaken by the District Administration.

In association with Department of Agriculture, Rural Development Department and Department of Environment and Forest & through other specialized agencies work out drought prevention, mitigation and preparedness measures from crop State of Bihar State Disaster Management Plan 189 management and social forestry point of view and get the same implemented


Identification of drought prone areas through GIS mapping, rainfall estimation etc.

Survey and study of identified drought prone areas

Formulation of prevention, mitigation and preparedness measures along with budget allocations

Formulation of policy and strategizing the implementation of rain harvesting programme & activities

Working out Crop Contingency Plan

Providing Agriculture Input subsidy

Strategizing the storage and supply of seeds, fertilizers and pesticides

Working out ecological betterment of the areas

Organizing the irrigation facilities

Working out alternative cropping programme and activities

Animal Husbandry


Check supply of life saving vaccines in advance and safe storage for them.





Fisheries Department

Renovation of the fish ponds and ox-bow lakes.



Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at vulnerable locations for the


immediate repairs.

Open the fisheries departmental office on block level to understand the ground realities

Improve the better functioning among the people.

Animal Breeding Programme and Vaccination must be done after doing the awareness programmes in the Panchayats since most of the people remain unaware of the schemes, Schemes such as control of FMD, control of liver fluke disease should be done after giving information to the GP's

Training and exposure to fish farmers in scientific aquaculture, Renovation of water bodies through Panchayats,

Awareness on marketing for the fish farmers


Poultry farms and cattle farms should be clean and availability of water and fodder should be throughout the year






Vaccination before the seasonal disasters such as flood to be held regularly.

Supply of life saving vaccines in advance and safe storage for them.




Stockpile and preposition other necessary repairing material at safe place for the

immediate repairs.










Keep the equipment, telephone, wireless etc. functional and ready.








The BSNL Company must ensure that the temporary construction work or retrofitting has been done to the vulnerable buildings.

Public Works Dept. (PWD)


Arrangement of extra vehicles/ heavy equipment, such as front-end loaders, towing vehicles, earth moving equipment, cranes etc.



Education Department

Ensure disaster management be part of curriculum in all schools, colleges.

Ensure that school buildings are constructed with appropriate standards and guidelines and provide safety during school time and safe exit in case of emergencies





Electricity Department






The department must identify the power units which are located in disaster prone areas and arrange proper route connectivity for relief, emergency logistic and also provide alternate connectivity to reduce damage.







Ensuring the availability of equipment like cables, wire, transformers, generators etc. at key locations.

Identifying the power units which are vulnerable to flood, earthquake, water logging and


developing the plan to avoid any damage to the building.



Fire Department

Fire department should have their own workshop for the repair of the vehicles


Maintenance of firefighting equipment etc. and installation of fire alarm and water pumps like hydraulic, sprinkler etc.

Scope the budget for the maintenance of firefighting equipment and structural measures etc. under different categories.

Health Department

Medical camps in affected areas.

Checklist of medicines and medicals facilities to have in the camps.

Arrangements for the running of the camps on long term basis.

Making arrangements for community centered medical services rather than camp centered services.


Identification of drought prone areas, availability of water resource in the area, level of ground water in the area.

Formulation of prevention, mitigation and preparedness measures.

Strategizing the cropping pattern in association with Department of Agriculture and Creation of Irrigation facilities accordingly.

Monitoring and supervision of the watershed and rain water harvesting facilities in the drought prone areas.


Installation of extra hand pumps to sustain the supply of drinking water

Formulating rain harvesting practices and promoting the same in vulnerable areas.

Food Corporation

In consultation with Department of Disaster Management, setup centers for supply of food grains on subsidized rates or free, as decided.


Maintenance of sluice gates etc. and construction of channels for distributing river waters to ponds.






Keep the equipment, telephone, telex, wireless etc. functional and ready



The following are probable mitigation measures that will be implemented against the existing drought risk: Structural Mitigation Measures for Drought




Time Frame

Development of Pasture land in common property, seed farms and trust land in areas with moderate risk

DDMA, DRDA Rural Development, Panchayat

Departmental Scheme, MGNREGA

0-3 years

Construction of Rain Water Harvesting storage tanks at household level and public buildings

DDMA, DRDA, APRLM MGNREGA, NRLM 0-3 years

Structures for water harvesting and recharging like wells, ponds, check dams, farm ponds, etc

PWD, DDC, Rural development, irrigation department, water resource

MGNREGA ,Watershed program, departmental schemes

0-3 years

Development of fodder plots/banks

DDMA, Agriculture department , animal husbandry department

DDMP, Development plan

Regularly

Repair and maintenance, de-silting of water sources, check dams, hand pumps etc.

Irrigation, Rural Development, water resources

MGNREGA, Watershed 0-3 years

Structural improvements or upgrades to meet dam safety requirements in NS Dam

Irrigation and VMC Departmental Program 0-3 Years

Regular dredging of existing reservoirs

Irrigation and PR&RD MGNREGS and Departmental program

Regularly

Install and use water meters in case of urban water supply as well as in farm use

Municipal Corporations and Agriculture

VMC, MMC and departmental program

0-3 years

Construction of New or improved aquifer storage recovery/conjunctive use programs/groundwater recharge

PR&RD, Irrigation and Agriculture Department

MGNREGS, NRLM, GPDP, RKVY and other departmental Programs

2-5 Years

Rehabilitation of existing or Construction of New Diversion Structures

Irrigation department with MCs and PR&RD

Departmental program, MGNREGS

2-5 Years

Additional groundwater storage and/or aquifer storage recovery (led by Panchayat/ municipal

RWSS, PR&RD and VMC and MMC

MGNREGS, GPDP, NRLM, RWSS, Muncipal Program, AMRUT, MEPMA

2-5 Years


interests)

Lining of ditches and canals (led by agricultural interests)

Agriculture and Irrigation

RKVY and Departmental program

2-5 years

Non-Structural Mitigation Measures for Drought




Time Frame

Listing/developing shelf of work for drought proofing/scarcity works including Identification of potential sites of water bodies

Rural Development, DDMA

MGNREGS Regularly

Farmer education to practice drought resistant crops and efficient water use

Agriculture & horticulture department

Departmental schemes Regularly

Set up control mechanism for regulated water use (ponds, small dams, check dams) on the early unset.

Panchayats GPDP Regularly

Education and awareness of the public with respect to water, water supply and water supply planning

RWSS and Municipal Corporations

Swajaldhara and other departmental schemes

Regularly

Evolve enhanced water conservation methods and measurement techniques (municipal or agricultural)

Agriculture and MCs departmental schemes 0-1 year

Preparation and dissemination of Drought mitigation tips in form of brochures to public in moderate risk prone areas

DDMA and Information and Public Relation

departmental schemes Regularly

Conduct of Drought response coordination meeting on yearly basis

DDMA In the month of March every year

Devising and promotion of community based insurance against drought

DDMA with Public Sector Insurance Companies, Agriculture and PR&RD

PMFBY 0-2 Years

Enhance investment to enhance and evolve drought tolerant variety of crops

Agriculture Ongoing


Heatwave


1.4.4. Hazard- Heat Wave Heat-wave is a condition of atmospheric temperature that leads to physiological stress, which sometimes can claim human life. Heat-wave is defined as the condition where maximum temperature at a grid point is 3˚C or more than the normal temperature, consecutively for 3 days or more. World Meteorological Organization defines a heat wave as five or more consecutive days during which the daily maximum temperature exceeds the average maximum temperature by five degrees Celsius. If the maximum temperature of any place continues to be more than 45° C consecutively for two days, it is called a heat wave condition (NDMA, 2016)3 Visakhapatanam district is witnessing more frequent and devastating heat wave conditions over the past years as explained in the section of HVCA. Major portion of the district has been found witnessing and exposed to extreme heat wave conditions. This has resulted in to serious concerns and has become a major hazard for the district and the state as a whole. These are having negative impacts on personal health by contributing to heat illnesses such as heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and death. Extreme heat events are consistently related to mortality; cardiovascular, respiratory and other underlying diseases. The true rate of mortality associated with heat waves is often greater than initially attributed, as heat related deaths are not always recorded as such (for example, some are attributed to heart attack, cardiovascular or respiratory disease4. Vegetable vendors, auto repair mechanics, cab drivers, construction workers, police personnel, road side kiosk operators and mostly weaker sections of the society have to work in the extreme heat to make their ends meet and are extremely vulnerable to the adverse impacts of heat waves such as dehydration, heat and sun stroke.

The above image shows the blocks in Visakhapatnam district with heat wave zones.

3 NDMA (2016), Guidelines for Preparation of Action Plan – Prevention and Management of Heat-Wave available at http://ndma.gov.in/images/guidelines/guidelines-heat-wave.pdf 4 Lowe et al. (2011(, Heatwave Early Warning Systems and Adaptation Advice to Reduce Human Health Consequences of Heatwaveshttp://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/8/12/4623/pdf


Preparedness Steps/Checklist for Heatwaves

Department Actions


Working out Crop Contingency Plan

Providing Agriculture Input subsidy

Strategizing the storage and supply of seeds, fertilizers and pesticides

Working out ecological betterment of the areas

Organizing the irrigation facilities

Working out alternative cropping programme and activities

Animal Husbandry


Check vaccination before the seasonal disasters such as flood to be held regularly.




Fisheries Department

Training and exposure to fish farmers in scientific aquaculture, Renovation of water bodies through Panchayats,

Awareness on marketing for the fish farmers












Electricity Department







Fire Department





Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipments and for this

placement of the items at safe places.

To involve in disaster management activity, identify the voluntary workers from NGOs, Educational institutions and provide them training.

Health Department




Home Guard Department

District based training centre for the training of the solders

Proper toilets should be provided

Government Quarters should be provided to the staff

Garage for the Vehicles of Home Guard Departments

There should be arrangement of proper mess for the preparation of food


Improve in the field of more tube well facilities to the people so that people total dependence on the monsoon should reduce.








Awareness to the officials for the safety of life, material, equipment and for this, placement of the items at safe places.

Food Corporation




Prepare action plan for adequate safety (and relocation if required) of food materials stored in the god owns in case of flood or other disasters.



Municipal Corporation

Provide clean drinking water in vulnerable areas


Scope the budget for the maintenance of embankments, sluice gates, lock gates etc under different categories.





Structural Mitigation Measures for Heat Wave




Time Frame

Construction/ upgradation shelters/ sheds, bus stands with proper cooling provisions

Transport, R&B and MCs

Infrastructure development projects and Departmental Scheme

2-4 Years

Creating Medical posts at places of mass gathering including religious functions and regular markets

Medical and Health with DDMA

Heat Wave Action Plan/ DDMP

Regularly during heat wave season

Construction of Cooling Centres in crowd

VMC and MMC AMRUT 0-3 years

Construction of Vending Zones with provision of cooling

MCs Infrastructure development

0-5 years

Construction/ Upgradation of Traffic points with possible cooling options for Police men on duty

MCs Infrastructure development

0-5 years

Improving the forest coverage and green areas in towns and cities

Forest and Environment

Departmental Schemes 3-6 Years

Non Structural Mitigation Measures for Heat Wave




Time Frame

Preparing and implementing Heat Wave Action Plan

Municipal Corporation and Local Bodies

0-1 Year

Issue Heat wave alerts and weather forecasts on Short / Medium / Long range duration based on warning received from IMD

DDMA, MCs and Panchayats

Regularly

Provide drinking water points at

MCs and respective Companies

Regularly


worksites

Extensive IEC campaigns to create awareness through print, electronic and social media

DDMA, Medical and Health, I &PR

Regularly

Promote rooftop gardening and vegetable cultivation in urban areas

MCs Regularly

Training of departmental manpower on Heat wave DO’s and Don’ts for self safety

All departments By Medical and Health department

0-2 years


Earthquake


1.4.5. Hazard- Earthquake Visakhapatnam is in comparatively safer zone as per the seismic map of India, the experience of earthquake. An Earthquake of magnitude of 5 or more is likely to cause deaths and injuries to human beings and damages total kinds of property both private and public. Unfortunately there is very little warning available preceding the earthquake. Therefore planning should cater for a quick response at all levels to reduce the effects of the earthquake to the minimum. The occurrence of an earthquake may be reported by the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)/the National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI) APSRAC to the commissioner for Relief by the fastest means. The district Level be activated immediately on the occurrence of any major earthquake (Major earthquake being defined as one where there is damage to property and/or loss of life).

The above image shows Visakhapatnam district and blocks in earthquake seismic zones. The

majority of district falls in Zone II.


General Preparedness Measures for earthquake Preparedness Measures Check Revision and adoption of model building bye-laws for construction both in urban and rural area. Wide dissemination of earthquake-resistant building codes, the National Building Code 2005, and other safety codes.

Training of trainers in professional and technical institutions. Training professionals like engineers, architects, and masons in earthquake resistant construction.

Launching demonstration projects to disseminate earthquake-resistant techniques. Launching public awareness campaigns on seismic safety and risk reduction and sensitising all stakeholders to earthquake mitigation.

Establishing appropriate mechanisms for compliance review of all construction designs submitted to ULBs.

Undertaking mandatory technical audits of structural designs of major projects by the respective competent authorities.

Developing an inventory of the existing built environment. Assessing the seismic risk and vulnerability of the existing built environment by carrying out structural safety audits of all critical lifeline structures.

Developing seismic strengthening and retrofitting standards and guidelines for existing critical lifeline structures.

Undertaking seismic strengthening and retrofitting of critical lifeline structures, initially as pilot projects and then extending the exercise to the other structures (as detailed in a phased manner.

Preparation of DM plans by schools, hospitals, main buildings visited by large number of public etc., and carrying out mock drills for enhancing preparedness.

Strengthening the EOC network and flow of information. Streamlining the mobilisation of communities, civil society partners, the corporate sector and other stakeholders.

Preparing community and village level DM plans, with specific reference to management of earthquakes.

Carrying out the vulnerability assessment of earthquake-prone areas and creating an inventory of resources for effective response.

Introducing earthquake safety education in schools, colleges and universities and conducting mock drills in these institutions.

Strengthening earthquake safety research and development in professional technical institutions.

Preparing documentation on lessons from previous earthquakes and their wide dissemination. Developing an appropriate mechanism for licensing and certification of professionals in earthquake-resistant construction techniques by collaborating with professional bodies.

Preparing an action plan for the upgradation of the capabilities of the IMD and BIS with clear roadmaps and milestones.

Developing appropriate risk transfer instruments by collaborating with insurance companies and financial institutions.

Operationalising the local companies of Home Guards and IRBs/Police for disaster response. Strengthening the medical preparedness for effective earthquake response, etc. Enforcement and monitoring of compliance of earthquake-resistant building codes, town planning bye-laws and other safety regulations.


Structural Mitigation Measures for Earthquake




Time Frame

Screening and Retrofitting of major hospitals

Medical and health and R&B

Infrastructure Development Schemes

0-5 Years

Retrofitting (if required) of public utility buildings like offices, schools/ banks/ markets etc

R & B (State and Panchayat), education SSA DDC,DRDA department

DDMP, SSA 0-5 Years

Retrofitting of unsafe rural houses

DDMA, DRDA, R&B, State and panchayat

Rural housing schemes and departmental programs

Regularly

Identifying and safely dismantling unsafe structures

R & B departmental programs Regularly

Issue permission for Earthquake registrant

DDMA, Municipality DDMP, CDMP Regularly

Non Structural Mitigation Measures for Earthquake




Time Frame

Capacity building of architects, engineers and masons on earthquake resistant features

DDMA, DRDA R & B (State and Panchayat) DDMA

Regularly

Registration of trained and certified mason

R & B (State and Panchayat), DDMA

Regularly

Strict enforcement of guideline pertaining to seismic safety for government rural housing, urban development structure

DDC, DDMA, Tehslidars, Fire and emergency services

Rural housing schemes Regularly

Mock-drills for Schools, Hospitals and , Public Buildings and trainings for mason, engineers and architects

DDMA, Health, Education and PWD

SSA, NSSP DDMP and other developmental schemes

Regularly


Disaster Risk

Reduction Plan

District Disaster Management Plan of Visakhapatnam District, Volume II | Disaster Risk Reduction Plan of Visakhapatnam

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2 Disaster Risk Reduction Plan of Visakhapatnam

Disaster risk reduction is aimed at preventing new and reducing existing disaster risk and managing residual risk, all of which contribute to strengthening resilience and therefore to the achievement of sustainable development. Disaster risk reduction strategies and policies define goals and objectives across different timescales and with concrete targets, indicators and time frames. In line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, these should be aimed at preventing the creation of disaster risk, the reduction of existing risk and the strengthening of economic, social, health and environmental resilience. 2.1. DRR Actions in conformity with SFDRR A global, agreed policy of disaster risk reduction is set out in the United Nations endorsed Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, adopted in March 2015, whose expected outcome over the next 15 years is: “The substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities and countries”. Based on this policy framework, Government of India has also prepared the National Disaster Management Plan, 2016 in line with SFDRR. This section of the DDMP will elaborate and build upon the ethos of the Policy with potential local implication in the district as follows:

SFDRR Priority Area

Planned Action Responsible Department

Timeframe

Understanding disaster risk

Collection, regular updation, analysis of disaster and climate related L&D data of the district

DDMA with support of all concerned departments.

Regularly

Creating Disaster related database (Loss and damage, hazard and vulnerability maps, resource inventory,) in the District Website

NIC with support of DDMA

Regularly

Print and use of Hazard maps in all forms of decision making at district level

All departments 0-6 months

To document existing traditional, indigenous and local knowledge and practices related to flood, cyclone, drought and other risk management from communities

DDMA with support of PR&RD and Revenue department

0-1 year

Conduct Workshop with major industries in the district to encourage CSR investments in innovation and technology development in long-term, multi hazard and solution-driven research in disaster risk management to address gaps, obstacles, interdependencies and social, economic, educational and environmental challenges and disaster risks;

DDMA 2-3 days workshop

Conduct regular consultation with CSOs and CBOs to act as agents for dissemination early warning and disaster risk reduction education at grass-root level

DDMA Regularly


51

Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk

Organize consultations with all stakeholders on status of implementation of the Disaster management Act with focus on accomplishments and areas of improvement and devising district level action plan for implementing the Act in true spirit

DDMA with support of APSDMA and NIDM (Southern Branch)

2-3 consultations within 2017

Encourage local bodies who strictly monitor and prevent/prohibit construction (public/private) in hazard prone and vulnerable locations

DDMA with support of APSDMA

0-2 years

Organize workshops for PRI and ULB members on their role in Disaster Risk Reduction


0-1 year

Facilitate and appreciate PRIs and ULBs for taking strong action on flood/drought/heat wave/road accident risk reduction


0-1 year

Establish GO-NGO platform at district level for DRR and CCA with protocols and role sharing

DDMA 0-6 months

Formulate Municipal policy, where applicable, aimed at addressing the issues of prevention or relocation, where possible, of human settlements in disaster risk-prone zones, subject to national law and legal systems.

VMC 1-2 years

Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience

Identify and allocate the necessary resources, including finance and logistics, as appropriate, at all levels of administration for the development and the implementation of the DDMP


0-6 months

Promote up-take of existing insurance (Crop, livelihood, health and life insurance) by the vulnerable population and to encourage companies to evolve tailor made products for Visakhapatanam district specially targeting livelihood

DDMA, NRLM, NULM, LICI and other prominent PS Insurance Companies

1-5 Years

Pilot structural and non-structural retrofitting in 5 of the old hospitals through mobilizing local investment from CSR and other sources

DDMA with Industry Sector

2-3 years

Assess structural and non-structural safety of Kanak Durga temple and other sites of historical, cultural heritage and religious interest; with focus on earthquake, fire, food poisoning and stampede as prominent hazards

DDMA with Tourism Department

3-5 years

Undertake multi-hazard mitigation actions on the Collector’s Office at Machalipatnam against Cyclone, Fire, Stampede and Earthquake

DDMA with R&B and APSDMA

1-3 years

Mainstream disaster and climate risk assessment in city and rural development planning and

Municipal Corporations

1-3 years


52

development planning (Identification of safer areas for expansion/ relocation)

with support of DDMA and APSDMA

Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction

Identify ways and means for implementation of DDMP and preparing bi-annual progress report with updation of the existing plan

DDMA 0-6 months

Create and promote district level social media platform for mass dissemination of weather and disaster warnings and also for collection ground report

NIC and DDMA 0-6 months

Assess and prepare assessment report pre-cyclone on safety status of critical infrastructure including water, transportation and telecommunications infrastructure, educational facilities, hospitals and other health facilities and implement strengthening measures

Concerned department

Regularly

Promote existing Panchayat Offices/AWCs or other prominent government institutions (as applicable) in cyclone prone areas as community centres for the promotion of public awareness and the stockpiling of necessary materials to implement rescue and relief activities

PR&RD with support of DDMA and APSDMA

2-5 Years

Conduct regular disaster preparedness, response and recovery exercises, including evacuation drills, training and the establishment of area-based support systems, with a view to ensuring rapid and effective response to disasters and related displacement, including access to safe shelter, essential food and non-food relief supplies, as appropriate to local needs;

All ESFs Regularly

Develop guidelines for preparedness for disaster reconstruction, such as on land-use planning and structural standards improvements at district level

DDMA 0-1 year

Take measures to strengthen emergency evacuation systems with all stakeholders

DDMA Regularly

Establish a mechanism of case registry and a database of mortality caused by disaster in order to improve the prevention of morbidity and mortality

DDMA, Medical and Health; and NIC

1-2 years


53

To strengthen capacity of BPHCs, city hospitals and hospitals in coastal areas to provide psychosocial support and mental health services for all people in need post disaster

Medical and Health

-2-3 years

Name of Hazard

Vulnerable Location/Area/village

Causes in details (Reasons)

Mitigation Measure

Short term Long term

Cyclones All low lying patches in approx. 10-15 mandals

Low lying areas, river catchment areas due to opening of flood gates of projects, Heavy rainfall and depressions

Listing the beneficiaries on the basis of crop damages (>33%)and provision of input subsidy by submitting proposals to the Govt, Providing subsidized ahort duration seeds to the farmers, suggesting suitable remedial measures to the standing crops as per scientific recommendations

Advising the farmers to go for crop rotation/change in the cropping pattern etc., recommending varieties suitable for tolerance to submergence conditions

Droughts Highly rainfed dependent areas, areas having scarce irrigation facilities

Less incidence of rainfall, highly scattered rainfall, untimely rains, prolonged dry spells, etc.,

Providing crop saving irrigations at critical periods of crop growth through rainguns, promoting micro irrigation techniques etc.,

Recommending cultivation of I-D Crops such as Pulses, Sunflower, Millets etc., in place of paddy by educating farmers, etc.,

Name of Hazard

Vulnerable Location/Area/Village

Mitigation Measures

Short Term Long Term

Cyclones Coastal Mandals * Shifting of animals to elevated areas * Arranging relief camps * Supply of feed & fodder * Control of diseases * Compensation for loss of livestock

*Cyclone rescue centres for livestock *Storage facilities for dry fodder

Drought Payakaraopeta, * Supply of dry fodder * Supply of dry fodder for


54

Nakkapalli, S Rayavaram, Elamanchili, Makavaripalem, Kotauratla, Anandapuram, Rambilli, Butchayyapeta

* Provision of silage bales * Supply of TMR on subsidy * Providing fodder seed on subsidy * Establishment of silo bunkers * Fodder security Policy

longer Duration till the availability is normal. * Supply of Silage * Ksheerasagar scheme to minimize milk production losses.

Epidemics All Mandals * Preventive vaccination * Treatment of effected animals * Extension activities to advise people not to consume dead carcasses.

* Epidemiological mapping * Disease surveillance * Mobile Ambulatory vehicles * Cold chain facilities for vaccine supply & storage

Name of

Hazard

Vulnerable Location/Area/

village

Mitigation Measure

Short term Long term

Cyclone Total Visakhapatnam District

on 14.10.2014, 4 Nos 132/33 KV Sub-stations and 9 Nos 33/11 KV Sub-stations were restored and supply was extended to essential services in Visakhapatnam City viz., TSR Water Works, KGH, Collectorate, Victoria Hospital, Visakhapatnam port Trust, Defence installations and a few localities within the city. on 15.10.2014, 41 Nos 33/11 KV Sub-stations and 65 Nos 11 KV feeders in Visakhapatnam City were restored and supply was extended to Meghadri Gedda Reservoir, major hospitals etc., The supply has been restored in entire Visakhapatnam City by 18.10.2014

UG Cable proposed under R-APDRP and also proposed spun poles instead of PSCC poles in coastal area and also entire GVMC area.


55

2.2. Capacity Building Capability Building is skill development. Skill development is either in relation to self or other than the self. For example, swimming is a skill in relation to the self, whereas, the skill to operate a fire extinguisher is a skill in relation to the fire extinguisher. Capability Building: At the Community Level: Capability building at the community level has to be largely self-orientated like swimming, firmly thatching of roofs, taking out an injured lying under debris and carrying safely for medical aid, rescuing a person while drowning etc. Capability Building: At the Ground Level Institutions: Capability building at the ground level institutions one has to build around self as well as simple technologies based equipments: For example, plying of motorized boats, debris removal, fire extinguishers, first aid, snake/dog bite treatment, driving two wheelers, four wheelers setting up of tents, operating communication equipments, repair and maintenance of the same. The institutions that have to deal directly with the first respondent, that is communities, are.

Police Mitras Village and Mandal level officials PACs Local CBO, & NGOs Urban Local Bodies

For this category of institutions, the capacity development programme and activities have to deal with: Comprehensive understanding of hazard wise disaster caused Hazard wise impact of disaster on people, livestock, property structures, agriculture,

infrastructure etc. Segment of impact wise operation to provide help and support with rescue, relief and shelter. Keeping people alert and prepared on a periodic basis for the eventualities, that is, organizing

drills and rehearsals. The programme and activities have to be in training and skill development mode coupled with practical and demonstrative exercises supported by IEC materials. As these institutions are also slated to play important roles in disaster mitigation and disaster preparedness exercises, their capacity has also to be built in:

i. Disaster wise mitigation measures and their repair and maintenance ii. Disaster wise preparedness measures and their applications within the institutions as well as

at the community level. Institutional Capacity Building The District Administration, having support from DDMA, shall work out its own district level Disaster Management Plan, its mitigation and preparedness need, the plan implementation strategy and its upward linkages to the State and downward linkages to the communities. From the district side, the officers shall be engaged in:

I. The organization and assisting of District Disaster Management Authority, its functioning, its roles and responsibilities, the making of District Disaster Management Plan, the involvement of local bodies in the plan preparation and implementation in coordination with states and villages.

II. The formation and running of Emergency Operation Centres at the district and panchayat levels, the modalities of its functioning, its roles and responsibilities at Lo, L1, L2 period in coordination with states and villages.

III. The upkeep of equipment and materials and management of stores and manpower. All these orientations through well-structured programmes are specifically required because of the whole exercise of disaster management still being relief centre with states and villages.


56

Capacity development is a resultant output of a set of inputs provided to increase understanding of issues and in the light of the increased understanding and appreciation, to act in a desired manner in a given situation. The response is not wooden but enlivened by the use of intelligence if the situation happens to be at variance. It is a modulation which will be required, in the context of disaster management, by the district level institutions, and government departments, the district level agencies, stakeholders other than the state and its agencies, and the people in the unit of a community. Capacity Building: Other Stakeholders Stakeholders in disaster management other than the state, from ground level upward, are the communities, PRIs, the local bodies, CBO, s & NGOs, the block level functionaries, the District administration, the corporate bodies. Of these the PRIs are the constitutional bodies and have well defined roles to play in disaster management. Communities are the victims as well as first respondents of any disaster. As such, disaster preparedness of a state is required to be measured in terms of community preparedness. But, before preparing people, the state itself, its machinery, its concerned institution, it functionaries at all level shall have to be prepared. That is, before the disaster preparedness is initiated at the community level, the Gram Panchayat bhawans shall be in place and functional, the District Disaster Management Authority, the District Command and Communication Centre, the District Disaster Management Plan shall be ready; the Andhra Pradesh State Disaster Management Authority, the State Disaster Response Force, the National Institute of Disaster Management (Southern Centre) and State level Emergency Operation Centre all shall be ready to get engaged to support community empowerment. Some common areas for building knowledge and capacity are highlighted in the following table on which actions need to be taken

Based on the SWOT analysis and general understanding following are capacity building steps

needs to be conducted;

Training in Disaster Management

S. No.

State Level / District Level

Name of the Course Participants

1. District & State Orientation course for first responders to disasters

Home Guards, Civil Defence volunteers, Forest Protection Force, Police

2. State Joint staff course in Disaster Response for middle-level officers

District Magistrate, Additional District Magistrates, Sub-Divisional Magistrates, Superintendents of Police, Additional Superintendents of Police, Deputy Superintendents of Police

3. State Basic training for Para-medics and medical personnel of NDRF battalions and states

Medical officers and para-medics nominated by various state governments

4. State Search & Rescue and Safe Evacuation

Civil Defence volunteers, SDRF, Forest Protection Force, Fire & Emergency Services, Home Guards, NSS, NYKS, NCC


57

5. State Training of Trainers on Incident Response System (IRS)

4 key and resourceful officers

6. State Training on Incident Response System

Selected personnel of Response Staff and General Staff of IRS to train people identified for various roles in pre-disaster period

7. State Training of Trainers (TOT) on Earthquake Resistant Technology for Masons

Masons

8. District Hospital Preparedness & Mass Casualty Management including Hospital Management Plan

Doctors and Hospital Administrators

9. District Mass casualty management Paramedics / Response Force (Police, Fire & Emergency Services, Civil Defence)

10. District Role of PRIs / ULBs in Disaster Management

PRIs and ULBs

11. District Training of teachers on School safety including School DM Plans and conduct of mock drills

Teachers

12. District Training for Village Defence Party’s

Village volunteers

13. State TOT - Earthquake Resistant Technology for Engineers

Engineers, Trainers from technical institutes, colleges, etc.

14. State TOT - Rapid Visual Screening for Masonry Buildings

Junior Engineers

15. State TOT - Role of PRIs / ULBs in Disaster Management

PRIs and ULBs

16. State State Disaster Resource Network (SDRN)

SDO (Civil), Revenue Circle Officers

17. State Application of GIS Mapping of Utilities

ADC, DPOs, Line Departments

18. State Damage and Needs Assessment ADC or DPO, District Disaster Management Authority; CMO, Health Department; District Food & Civil Supply Officer, Project Director, DRDA; Exec. Engineer or Assistant Exec. Engineer, Public Health Engineering, Exec. Engineer, Public Works – Building & Roads, Town Committee and S.P. or A.S.P. or D.S.P.

19. District Shelter and Camp Management District Food & Civil Supplies Officer;, District Disaster Management Authority

20. District Collapsed Structure Search and Rescue and Medical First Response

Civil Defence volunteers, Forest Protection Force, Fire & Emergency Services, Home Guards, SDRF

21. District Public Health in Emergencies (Safe drinking water and sanitation, Alternative water

Rural Water Supply and Sanitation


58

resources identification during emergency conditions, Supply management).

2.3. Mainstreaming DRR in Development: National Flagship Schemes

Sr.

No.

Name of the

schemes

Actions DRR Activities for DRR

1. Member of

Parliament

Local Area

Development

Scheme

(MPLADS)

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures 5

Each MP has the

choice to suggest

to the District

Collector for,

works to the tune

of Rs.5 Crores per

annum to be taken

up in his/her

constituency.

The Rajya Sabha

Member of

Parliament can

recommend works

in one or more

districts in the

State from where

he/she has been e-

lected.

- Mitigation and

prevention

through creation

of durable

community assets

based on the

locally felt needs

- As per Para 2.8 of

the guidelines on

MPLADS, Hon’ble

MPs can

recommend up to

a maximum of Rs.

1 crore for

rehabilitation

work for the

affected areas

anywhere in the

country in the

event of calamity

of severe nature.

- Construction of flood

control embankments

- Construction of

common shelters for

cyclones, Floods and

handicapped

- Purchase of motor

boats for flood and

cyclone prone areas

- Fire tenders for

Government

organization

- Retrofitting of

essential lifeline

buildings, viz Govt.

hospitals, Govt.

Schools and public

buildings to be used

as shelters in an

emergency.

- Early Warning

Systems for effective

disaster mitigation.

- Construction of

roads, approach

roads, link roads,

Pathways.

- Drinking water facility

2. Indira Awas Provides financial - Providing disaster - Construction of

5 Office Memorandum F. No 55 (5)/PF – 11/2011, dated on September 6, 2016, Ministry of finance, department of expenditures plan Finance-II Division


59

Yojana (IAY)

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

assistance to rural

poor for

constructing their

houses themselves

resilient housing

in areas prone to

natural calamities

- To reducing risk

of vulnerable

population in Pre-

disaster situation

disaster-resilient

houses

3. Mahatma

Gandhi National

Rural

Employment

Guarantee

Scheme

(MGNREGS)

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Legal guarantee

for one hundred

days of

employment in

every financial

year to adult

members of any

rural household

willing to do public

work-related

unskilled manual

work

- To minimise

economic

vulnerability of

the people Pre-

disaster situation

- Useful for

livelihood

generation in

Post-disaster

situation

- Construction of river

embankments

- Construction of roads

in remote areas

- Construction of multi-

hazard shelters

4. Swarnjayanti

Gram Swarojgar

Yojna (SGSY)

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Bring the assisted

poor families

above the poverty

line by organising

them into Self Help

Groups (SHGs)

through the

process of social

mobilisation, their

training and

capacity building

and provision of

income generating

assets through a

mix of bank credit

and government

subsidy.

- To minimise

economic

vulnerability of

the people Pre-

disaster situation

- Useful for

livelihood

generation in

Post-disaster

situation

- Creation of SHGs

5. Pradhan Mantri Good all-weather - Useful in pre as - Construction of roads


60

Gram Sadak

Yojana (PMGSY)

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

road connectivity

to unconnected

villages

well as post

disaster situation

for road

connectivity

in remote areas

6. National Health

Mission (NHM)

(NRHM and

NUHM)

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

To provide

accessible,

affordable and

quality health

care to the urban

and rural

population,

especially the

vulnerable groups.

- One of the most

important

component in Pre

as well as post

disaster situation

to provide

universal access

to health care

facilities

- Rapid Action Force

for Emergency

Medical Response

- Emergency

ambulances

- Preparedness for

mobile Field Hospitals

7. Scheme for

Animal Health

Care in the

State

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Schemes under

Department of

Animal Husbandry

- To control Animal

epidemics

- Vaccination drives

8. JnNURM

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

To improve the

quality of life and

infrastructure in

the cities

- To develop and

strengthen urban

infrastructure to

minimise urban

risk

- Development of river

embankments

- Construction of roads

- Storm water drainage

9. Rashtriya

Swasthya Bima

Yojana

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

To provide health

insurance coverage

for Below Poverty

Line (BPL) families.

- Insurance and

Risk Transfer

- Insurance (Disaster

Insurance)

10. Pradhan Mantri

Awas Yojana

(PMAY)

To enable better

living and drive

economic growth

stressing on the

- Minimising risk by

constructing

Disaster Resistant

housing in Urban

- Construction of

disaster resistant

houses


61

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

need for people

centric urban

planning and

development.

areas

11. Pradhan Mantri

Suraksha Bima

Yojana (PMSBY)

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

An accidental

Death and

Disability

insurance scheme

- Insurance and

Risk Transfer

- Insurance

12. The Pradhan

Mantri Jeevan

Jyoti Bima

Yojana (PMJJBY)

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

A term life

insurance policy

and it will provide

life insurance

coverage on the

death of the

policyholder.

- Insurance and

Risk Transfer

- Insurance

2.4. Mainstreaming DRR in Development: State level Flagship Schemes

S.

No

.

Scheme Actions Eligibility Department

1. PavalaVaddi

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Interest subsidy

scheme was started during

the year 2004-05 with an

objective of providing

interest subsidy on the loans

taken by the Self Help

Groups.

The scheme is

applicable to all

loans extended by

banks on or after 1st

July 2004, under

SHG Bank Linkage

Programme

Department of

Rural

Development

2. AndarikiAarogyam

Utilise 10% to 25% for DDR

Under this scheme under which health insurance will be provided to all families that are currently not covered under the Central Government’s scheme.

People will be able

to get a health

insurance by

spending just Rs 100

Department of

Health


62

measures

as premium per

head in the family.

3. SwastaVidyaVa

hini

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Under this scheme healthy

food will be offered to

Schools in the State,

nutritious food will be

distributed to the students

studying in various schools at

over 222 locations across the

state. Apart from providing

healthy foods, the scheme

aims at inculcating healthy

habits in children.

Schools Students Department of

Health

4. ArogyaRaksha

Health

Insurance

Scheme

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

This scheme would cover

people Above Poverty Line to

provide them an insurance

coverage of up to Rs. 2 Lakh

per annum.

People ‘above the

poverty line’ (APL)

Department of

Health

5. Energy

Efficient

Tubelights at

Rs. 250 in

Andhra

Pradesh

Scheme (To be

launched soon)

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

This scheme is for the

distribution of energy

efficient tube lights at

subsidized rates. The

government would launch

the new scheme to distribute

energy efficient tube lights at

kiosks across the state.

Every person is

eligible to buy the

tubelight at the cost

of Rs 250.

Department of

Energy

6. Health for All-

Insurance

Scheme

Utilise 10% to

The scheme will be aimed at

covering those outside of the

ChandrannaBimaYojana.

People who are not

covered under any

healthcare policy

are eligible.

Department of

Health


63

25% for DDR

measures

7. Free

Smartphone

Scheme for

Students

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

This scheme will enable the

youth in the state to transect

and connect digitally.

Students belonging

to the BPL (Below

Poverty Line)

category.

Department of

Social Welfare

8. Badiki Vastha –

Free Bicycle

Scheme for Girl

Students

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Under this Scheme the state

government would provide

free bicycles to every girl

child studying in class 9th in

the state.

Girl students

studying in class 9.

Department of

Social Welfare

(Women & Child

Development)

9. ChandrannaBi

maYojana- For

labourers

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

This Scheme will benefit

labours in unorganized

sectors such as agricultural

labourers, artisans, small self-

employed people, petty

traders, vendors, hamals and

shop employees and people

working in similar sectors.

People working in

unorganised sector.

Department of

Social Welfare

10. AP FiberNet

Project for 15-

100 MBPS

Broadband at

Low Cost

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

This scheme aims to provide

affordable high speed

broadband connectivity to

the households and

workplaces across the state.

Everybody (from AP

State)

Department of

Telecommunicati

on

11. Rashtriya Krishi

Vikas Yojana

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

Comprehensively, taking

agro-climatic conditions,

natural resource issues and

technology into account, and

Department of

Agriculture


64

measures integrating livestock, poultry

and fisheries more fully.

12. National Food

Security

Mission

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Increasing production of rice,

wheat, pulses and coarse

cereals through area

expansion and productivity

enhancement in a sustainable

manner in the identified

districts of the State.

Department of

Agriculture

12. National

Mission on Oil

Seeds And

Oilpalm

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Quality planting materials,

irrigation and proper

management and mainly on

Oilseeds and Oil Palm

Department of

Agriculture

13. National

Mission on

Agricultural

Extension &

Technology

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Restructure & strengthen

agricultural extension to

enable delivery of

appropriate technology and

improved agronomic

practices to the farmers

Department of

Agriculture

14. Unified

Package

Insurance

Scheme

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Promotion of appropriate

measures for risk transfer

and micro insurance

Department of

Agriculture &

Finance

15. Chandranna

Rythu

Kshetralu

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

This scheme is to promote

best agronomic and farm

management practices for

achieving increase in

productivity and reducing the

Department of

Agriculture


65

measures cost of cultivation.

16. Polambadi

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

To reduce the cost of

cultivation and increase

the productivity duly

empowering the farmers

to take economical

decisions by adopting

practices of integrated

crop management.

Department of

Agriculture &

Finance

17. Supply of

Seeds on

Subsidy

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Supply of quality seed to the

farmers on subsidy

Department of

Agriculture

18. Agriculture

Debt

Redemption

Scheme

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Under this scheme

Farmers’ welfare and

development activities

and Crop Loans and

Agriculture gold loans will

be made available to the

farmers.

Department of

Agriculture &

Finance

19. SarvaSikshaAb

hiyan

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Capacity building and

training programmes for

education functionaries

Department of

Education

20. Model School

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Constructing schools

resilient to disaster

and climate change

risk

Department of

Education


66

21. Strengthening

of Teacher’s

Training

Institutes

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Setting up District

Institutes of Education

and Training

Department of

Education

22. Inclusive

Education for

Disabled at

Secondary

Stage

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Student-oriented

components, such as

medical and educational

assessment, books and

stationery, uniforms,

transport allowance,

reader allowance, stipend

for girls, support services,

assistive devices,

boarding the lodging

facility, therapeutic

services, teaching

learning materials, etc

Department of

Education

23. RastriyaMadhy

amikShikshaAb

hiyan

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Providing necessary

physical facilities,

teaching and non –

teaching staff for

every secondary

school

Department of

Education

24. State Council

of Education

Research and

Training

(SCERT)

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Preparation of curricula,

syllabus, instruction

material for primary,

upper Primary, secondary

and alternative system of

education.

Department of

Education


67

25. National

Afforestation

Programme

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

The scheme recognizes

that climate change

phenomena will seriously

affect and alter the

distribution, type and

quality of natural

resources of the country

and the associated

livelihoods of the people

Department of

Forestry

26. Integrated

Development

of Wild Life

Habitats

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Integrated development

of wild life habitats for

Seshachalam Biosphere,

Rollapadu Wildlife

Sanctuary (Great Indian

Bustard Conservation)

and Sri Lankamalleswara

Wildlife Sanctuary

(Jerdons Courser

Conservation)

Department of

Forestry

27. Seed

Development

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

To improve the genetic

quality of the

reproductive propagules

and to supply high quality

seed to cater to the needs

of Territorial and Special

Divisions in the Forest

Department

Department of

Forestry

28. Environmental

Planting in

Degraded

Forests around

Urban Areas

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Developmental activities

in the wildlife

development of National

Parks and Sanctuaries and

other issues related to

wildlife

Department of

Forestry


68

29. Mixed

Plantation

Scheme

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Increase the forest cover

outside the reserve forest

and to realize cherished

goal of “Haritha Andhra

Pradesh” under social

Forestry Programme.

Avenue Plantation raising

of tall plants and small

bag seedlings

anddistributing seedlings

to people

Department of

Forestry

30. Integrated

Forest

protection

Scheme (IFPS)

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Creating awareness in

forestry community for

protection of forests and

saving forests from

getting degraded

Department of

Forestry

31. Wildlife Crime

Control Bureau

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Conduct of research on

the endangering spices

and encountering the

threats

Department of

Forestry

32. Integrated

Development

of Wildlife

Habitats

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

measures

Support to Protected

Areas (National Parks,

Wildlife Sanctuaries,

Conservation Reserves &

Community Reserves)

Department of

Forestry

33. NeeruChettu

Utilise 10% to

25% for DDR

Building capacity for

integrated forest

management

Department of

Forestry


69

measures


70

Climate

Change

actions for

Disaster Risk

Reduction

District Disaster Management Plan of Visakhapatnam District, Volume II | Climate Change Actions: 71

3. Climate Change Actions:

Climate change is one of the most important global environmental challenges facing humanity with implications for food production, natural ecosystems, freshwater supply, health, etc. While a changing climate poses a challenge to humanity as a whole, the available evidence suggests that the developing countries particularly are more vulnerable. Climate change will seriously hit the agriculture sector in Andhra Pradesh (AP), affecting the incomes of farmers by as much as 20 per cent. According to the latest World Bank report on “The impact of climate change on India”, dry land farmer’s incomes in AP plunge by 20 per cent. Under a modest to harsh climate change scenario of a substantial rise in temperatures (2.30 C to 3.40 C) and a modest but erratic increase in rainfall (4% to 8%), small farmer incomes could decline by as much as 20%. Although an increase in natural disasters like cyclones is considered to be a strong indicator of climate change, there is less evidence that this is happening in the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh. The incidence of cyclones may have remained largely the same as ever, what may have increased is their intensity and their area of distribution. The last two cyclones to have hit the Andhra Pradesh coast – Cyclone Laila and Cyclone Nilam – have left significant damages in their wake, affecting agriculture and fisheries very badly. Another critical change with respect to the cyclones has been that they too have ceased to be seasonal: until mid-1990s, specific months – May & November – were considered as the ‘cyclone months’ and the administration could be prepared to deal with them in those months. However, over the last 18 years, the seasonal nature of the cyclonic activity has proved to be no longer valid and cyclones have become more erratic. The other natural disaster that can be linked to climate change, and that by 1980s had been considered to have been largely controlled in Andhra Pradesh, is the incidence of flash floods. The sudden and intensive downpours in the upland areas lead to sudden and excessive flooding that the existing flood banks and other preventive infrastructure are unable to cope with. The obstructive constructions built over former water drainage channels in the plains contribute to aggravate the impacts of the floods. Unlike in the case of cyclones, there are no advance warning systems to warn people of the imminent flooding of their areas, which contribute to further increasing the extent of damages. This section of the DDMP builds on these projected and possible impacts of climate change to evolve necessary adaptation measures for sustainability in the long run as follow:

3.1. Common actions to be taken to Mitigate Climate Change

Actions related to climate change adaptation Actions related to climate change mitigation

Continuous on-going efforts at tracking and disaster risk indicators and developing improved early warning systems;

Introducing new, more efficient and cleaner technologies in thermal power generation.

Developing and putting in place strategies and action programmes for disaster vulnerability reduction;

Promoting renewable energy generation and increasing the share of alternative fuels in overall fuel mix.

Extensive information, education and communication campaigns for the public in general, and specific communications in high risk zones;

Reducing emissions from transportation sector

Improving inter-departmental coordination and communications for improved risk management and disaster response;

Promoting energy efficiency in the economy, notably in industry, transportation, buildings and appliances.


Seamless integration of state disaster management machinery with other key stakeholders such as other developmental agencies and civil society for extended capability in all aspects of risk management and disaster response;

Reducing emissions from waste.

Provision of all necessary equipment and infrastructure for speedy and efficient responses to disasters including search and rescue, relief measures, and rehabilitation/reconstruction;

Developing climate resilient infrastructure

Upgradation and retrofitting of key infrastructure assets in risk-prone zones/areas;

Full implementation of Green India Mission and other programmes of a forestation.

Systematic implementation of the State Disaster Management Plan in all its aspects.

Planning and implementation of actions to enhance climate resilience and reduce vulnerability to climate change.

Proper waste management practices, particularly biomedical waste management to improve health and laying scenario

3.2. Sector Specific Activities for climate Change

Sector Invention type Activities

Disaster Management

Coordination and networking

Setting up of Climate Change Sub-cell in the district

Monitoring of various climate parameters

Establish automatic weather stations at critical locations to monitor the changes in various climate parameters.

Research Training & Capacity Building

Community based risk assessment, Preparation of disaster management plan, Training of community members on search and rescue. Training of:

- Departmental officials in vulnerability assessment. - Departmental officials in the use of GIS and RS tools for

effective resource management. - Engineers in retrofitting of existing structures and safer

construction practices. - Mason in safer construction practices. - Formal first responders in search & rescue & first aid. - District level government officers in post-disaster needs

assessment. - Media personnel in reporting disaster related issues. - Government officials in preparation of disaster management

plans - Government officials in post disaster response and utilisation of

IRS principles.

Mock drills and table top exercises involving nodal officers of various government departments

Awareness

Knowledge sharing on Disaster management through various media (performing, print and electronic)


- Training of schoolteachers in vulnerability assessment and school disaster management plans preparation.

- Vulnerability assessments: Structural and Non-structural, - Training, Mock Drills, painting etc. competitions in educational

institutions,

- Training of doctors in mass casualty management and hospital disaster management plan preparation.

- Vulnerability assessments: Structural and Non-structural

Vulnerability and risk management

- Vulnerability assessment of lifeline structure and demonstrative retrofitting

- Relocation of critical infrastructure - Relocation of a few threatened habitations - Assessment of urban vulnerability particularly in case of

extreme precipitation events - Vulnerability assessment of all industrial units in the state

Agriculture

Planning Development of agro-climatic zone wise adaptation plans

Forecasting and early warning systems

- Establish weather service and early warning system through enhanced agro-met technology deployment and information dissemination

- Facilitating access to information and institutional support by expanding Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) networks to the Panchayat level and linking them to existing insurance mechanisms including Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) and National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS), scaling the returns at that level;

Improved varieties and practices

- Development and deployment of improved crop varieties (drought and flood tolerant)

Irrigation - Promotion of Micro-irrigation systems augmentation - Solar and wind power systems for irrigation

Soil and water conservation

- Implementing measures to minimize soil and water losses through resource conservation technologies such as agro forestry, integrated watershed management, and water harvesting through check dams, renovation of existing ponds, etc. and building new ones

Integrated nutrient and pest management

Study on integrated nutrient and pest management based on sector climate vulnerability assessment; development of management options

Forests and Bio Diversity

Interventions in forest and non forest areas

Forest/biodiversity protection, conservation, and green cover augmentation

Fire Management Measures for fire management in all forest types

Research Studies on indigenous trees species to assess their vulnerability to climate change

Biodiversity conservation Survey, identify, catalogue, document, protect, and improve/enhance the status of biodiversity

Water resource

Water infrastructure/resource augmentation/conservatio

- Inventory of and revival/ repair of Ahar-Pynes and traditional systems of water initiated

- Conservation and preservation of wetlands and maintenance of


n/management

optimal wetland hydrology - Groundwater resources regulation and recharge/replenishment - Actions for water use efficiency across sub-sectors - Actions for improving water quality - Actions for adaptive retrofitting of infrastructure assets and

O&M improvements

Urban development

Energy demand reduction and efficiency

- Energy efficiency and conservation measures - Promotion of and codes for green/energy efficient buildings,

including in urban housing projects under various programmes

Adoption of renewable

Promotion of renewable energy sources and technologies

Management of water, municipal solid waste and waste water

Comprehensive approach in management of water, municipal waste and waste water with a realize their full potential for energy generation, recycling and reuse, composting, rainwater harvesting, Retrofitting of urban infrastructure climate resilience based on vulnerability and risk assessment

Urban transportation

Evolving integrated land use and transportation plans, achieving a modal shift from private to public mode of transportation, encouraging the use of non-motorised transport, improving fuel efficiency, and encouraging use of alternate fuels Adaptation in terms of realignment and relocation, design standards and planning for roads, rail and other infrastructure to cope with risks from climate change Promote and foster alternative fuels such as CNG, bio-fuels

Transport

Transport Infrastructure, planning, and management (Enhanced and resilient transportation infrastructure and systems in place)

- Improve access to bus services and service quality - Enable and promote public transport - Improve route and traffic planning, - Rigorously implement measures for vehicular pollution control - Promote the use and ensure availability of cleaner fuels such as

CNG and bio-fuels

Energy Energy conservation and efficiency improvements

- Promoting the use of energy efficient pumps and motors - Promotion of CFLs under the Bachat Lamp Yojana (BLY) - Awareness generation about energy efficient equipment and

energy conservation measures

Industries and mining

Promoting Green House Gases Mitigation options

- Build awareness for adoption of GHG mitigation options

Human Health

Building programme Based resilience

- Design and deploy to manage increased vector borne and water borne disease burden

- Design and deploy improved approaches to deal with heat and wave conditions

- Design and deploy measures to address drought induced malnutrition, and food security issues


Capacity building

- Build people’s awareness of health hazards from climatic change through IEC

- Developing and strengthening of disaster management teams in district hospital specifically to respond to the effect of extreme climate change

Research

Study on poverty and equity dimensions of health, disease burden and morbidity as a result of climate change; design of appropriate measures to incorporate findings into health policy and programming

Health Infrastructure resilience

Reviews of the health infrastructure and potential climate change related vulnerabilities and risks (and where such infrastructure is found to be at high risk, retrofit to make these more climate resilient)

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