DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN AIZAWL DISTRICT

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DISTRICT DISASTER

MANAGEMENT PLAN

AIZAWL DISTRICT

2010

Prepared by : District Disaster Management Authority,

Aizawl District.

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LIST OF IMPORTANT TELEPHONE NUMBERS

1. Tv Fambol Secretary, 2315205 DM&R

2. Pi Lalzarmawii Director 2342520 DM&R 9436152499(M)

3. Rotluanga PD, DRDA 2335527 4. Pu D.Lalhmangaiha SPO, UNDP 2328746

9436142617(M)

DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION

1. C.Thanchhuma DC & Chairman 2329203(O) 2329200(R) 9436150555(M) 2. J.Hmingthanmawia Addl DC(G) & CEO 2329205(O) 2323164(R) 9862078140(M) 3. Sangchhin Chinzah Addl DC(E) 2322115(O) 2335223(R) 9436195422(M)

4. Lalsangliana SDO(S) 2322583(O) 2306841(R) 9436143012(M

) 5. Rothuama AC & Nodal Officer 2314230

9436146091(M)

6. B.Lalchhawntluanga, ASO & Branch Officer 9862018141 7. Vanlaltanpuia Dist. Field Officer(P)

9436375126(M) 9862687889(M

) 8. Zoenmawii Dist. Field Officer(T)

9862048711(M) 9. Zothansanga hmar Proj. Support Associate

9856910470(M)

SDO(C) & BDO WITHIN AIZAWL DISTRICT 1. Dr. Lalngura Tlau SDO(C), Sakawrdai

9436155638(M) 2. Lalsangpuii Hmar SDO(C), Saitual

9862739124(M) 3. –do- BDO, Phullen -do-

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4. Lalsangluaia BDO, Thingsulthliah 9436360880(M)

5. R. Lalnghakliana BDO, Aibawk 9438150280(M)

6. Ngulsangvela BDO, Darlawn 9426159435(M)

7. Pinky Zosangpuii BDO, Tlangnuam 9615180701(M)

9862329373(M)

MEDICAL 1. CMO, Aizawl ‘E’ --- 2348818 2. CMO, Aizawl ‘W’ --- 2317473 3. Civil Hospital Casualty --- 2322318 4. Medical Supt.,Civil Hospt --- 2323236 5. Presby. Hospital Casualty --- 2361222 6. Presby. Hospital Med. Supt --- 2361418

OTHER LINE OFFICIALS

1. Lalruata Sailo SE, PWD Team Leader 2314169 9436142595

2. Lalhmachhuana SE,PHE Team Leader 2323358 9436141233

3. C.Lianlunga SE, P&E Nodal Officer 2341394 9436142332

4. Jt.Director, Geology & Mineral Resources 2332154

5. DLAO, Aizawl 2343066 6. DFO, Aizawl 2322627 7. District Commandant, MRHG 2332258

8. District Agri. Officer Team Leader 2322206

9436151041

9. IPRO, Aizawl Nodal Officer 2322650 10. District Horti. Officer Team Leader 2312946 9436141608 11. DCSO, Aizawl ‘E’ --- 2329501 9436154739 12. DCSO, Aizawl ‘W’ --- 2333218

9436145174 13. President, CYMA --- 2322869

2326973

14. President, MUP --- 2323729

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15. President, MHIP --- 2323464

POLICE

1. Lalbiakthanga Pachuau S.P

2315877(PA)/2322009(F) 9436372668(M)

2. Rodingliana Chawngthu Addl SP 2327602/ 9436144350(M)

3. Lalbiakzama SP(Traffic) 2310003/ 9436148089(M)

4. Lalsanglura Addl SP(Traffic) 2322320 9439151616(M)

5. Traffic Control Room 2322307 6. V.Lalthakima CO, 1st MAP

2322333/2314333(D) 9436142284(M)

7. Kapchhunga Dy CO,1st MAP 2314332/ 9862843150(M)

8. Vanlalhruaia CO, 3rd MAP 2317681/2328264(D)

9436149316(M) 9. K.Daniela Dy CO,3rd MAP 2910875 10.PC Lallianthanga SP, Wireless 2335183/2334657(F)

9436140893(M) 11. Lalruatsanga Addl SP(Wrls) 2334261/

9436140885(M)

12. Zorammuana Dir., F&ES 2341203/9436142594(M)

13. John Laldina S.P., F&ES 2341066/9862571237(M)

14. Lalsangzuala Sailo C.G.,MRHG 2330339 15. Dy. I.G Assam Rifle 2320555 16. C.O 10 AR 2322361 17. BSF, Zemabawk 2350939

LIST OF JCB OWNERS (Pvt.)

Sl No

Name of owner Address/Location Landline phone

Mobile phone

1 A.Siamkima College Veng - 9436196070 2 Biakliana B-11,

Sikulpuikawn 2314531 2334303

9862171006 9436140456

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3 C.Lalrampari Aizawl Venglai 2327291 2320737

9436141063 9436142743

4 C.Lalrengliana A-11, Saron Veng 2324463 9436140233 5 C.Sangchia 280, Zarkawt 2340914 9436151995

9862399960 6 Chalngura Jahau L-75, Chawnpui 2505891 9862363901 7 Colleen Lalsangpuii Lower Zarkawt 2347674 9436141966 8 David Lalmuanpuia D-24/A, Khatla 9436140943 9 Er. Sam Syuhlo Chaltlang 9436149143 10 F.Kapsanga Tuikual ‘A’ 2323411 9436142911 11 F.Lalliansang C-77/1,

Aizawl Venglai 2314805 9436151675

12 F.Lalmalsawma Tuikual 2323411 9436141596 13 F.Lalramchhana B-12,

Ramhlun Venglai 2340563 9436141241

14 F.Lalropuia Ramhlun ‘S’ 2340563 9436141241 15 F.Zatluanga 7th Day Tlang 2342961 9436151450 16 Freddy Vanlalngila DK-70, Dinthar-I 2316294 9436141604 17 Ganesh Chhetri Chhinga Veng 2328191 9346191101 18 H.Lalremthanga A-19,

Aizawl Venglai 2340776 9436141402

19 H.Sanga E-58/A, Chanmari 2347482 9436142308 20 H.Sapthangliana YA-13, Chaltlang 2341719 9436140711

9862796130 21 H.Vanlalhriata C/o T.Saikunga

Zarkawt 9436145569

22 Hmingdailovi MV-127, Mission Veng

9436141181

23 J.Lalrinawma Tuikual 9436149338 24 J.H. Lalthianghlima Bungkawn 2335494 9436142060 25 J.H. Thahleikuaia College Veng 2325062

2322744

26 J.H. Zothansanga Chanmari ‘W’ 2344005 27 J.H. Rozawna Electric Veng 2310120 9436140126 28 Johnson Diesels

Sales & Services H-72, Dawrpui 9436366886

29 K.Lalhmangaiha Mualpui Bethel, ITI

9436155752

30 K.Lalneihkima Chawnpui 9436154223 9862492457

31 K. Lalnunmawia Bungkawn 2335259 9436141668 32 K. Lalnuntluanga Khatla ‘S’ 2313764 33 K. Lalrengpuii Upper Khatla 2318020 9436197493 34 K. Romawia Ramhlun 2343224 9436141682 35 K. Rosawmliana Vaivakawn 2342586 9436384843 36 K.M. Biaksailova Zarkawt 2342826

2345770 9436156753

37 Khawtinthangi Electric Veng 2322620 9436142952

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38 L.T. Kima Fanai Electric Veng 2320117 2315331

9436141065

39 Lalbiaksanga Chanmari 40 Laldikmawia Thuampui 2350652 9436152389 41 Laldo Earthmover LRM Building,

Bawngkawn 9862076331

42 Lalduhawma Colney Durtlang 9862771066 43 Lalhmachhuana C-6, Chanmari 2341281 9436141450 44 Lalhmahruaia C3/16, Chhinga

Veng 2329114 9862502764

45 Lalhmingliana A-7, S.Hlimen 2324836 9436142302 46 Lalkailiana Chanmari 2341158 9436140787 47 Lallawmsanga Dawrpui Vengthar 9436354896 48 Lalmalsawma Thuampui 2351331 9436140884 49 Lalnunmawia Bungkawn 2334430 9436141003 50 Lalnunsanga

Hrahsel Kana 9436153434

51 Lalpara G-9, Chanmari 2343724 2341231

9436153951

52 Lalphunchhunga Chanmari 9436142498 53 Lalremruata Vaivakawn 2349116 9436140772 54 Lalrinkima Thakthing 2311269 9436142125 55 Lalrinmawia (LRM) M-108, Ramhlun

‘S’ 2340809 9436141603

56 Lalrintluanga Sailo Luangmual 2332235 9436140331 57 Lalsangliana Chanmari 58 Laltanpuia Rivung H-7, Lawipu 9862577987 59 Lalthai (LRM) M-108, Ramhlun

‘S’ 2340809 9436142023

60 Lalchhanhimi Ramhlun ‘S’ 2344783 9436141977 61 Lalthankima Phillip V-25, Bungkawn 2334186 9436190053 62 Lalthanthuami L-75, Chawnpui 2505891 9862786470

9612160711 63 Lalthanzuala Sikulpuikawn 2315598 9436140312 64 Lalthangliani Chaltlang 2340643 9436154050 65 Lalzampuii Aizawl Venglai 9436142878 66 Lalzawmliani Laipuitlang 9436352576 67 Lalzuiliana C-7, Chanmari 2349190 9436141535 68 Lianhmingthanga Mission Veng 2322091 69 Malsawmkima Chawnpui 2347412 9862567806 70 Michael Lalkrostana Durtlang Leitan 2368820 9436141690 71 N. Joshua Chaltlang 2348490 0436155430 72 Pachhunga V/C-21, Vaivakawn 2340451 9862589503 73 Parmawii VB-83, 7th Day

Tlang 2340325 9436155357

74 Phillip Vanlalmawia Zuangtui 9436140057 75 R. Chhankima B-75, Ramhlun

North 2347746 9862335050

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76 R. Lalbiaktluanga DK-35, Dinthar 2322714 9436140774 77 R. Laldingliana F-16, Peter Street,

Khatla 9862498014

78 R. Lalhmingliana C-11, Aizawl Venglai

2320737 9436142743

79 R. Lalrinawma Tlangnuam 9436190159 80 Laltanpuia Rivung Lawipu 2333244 9862577987 81 R. Pakunga A-2/1, Chawnpui 2343478 9436141502 82 R. Rohmingliana D-60/I, Basic

Mual, Ramhlun ‘N’ 9436141551

83 R. Sangkhuma Khatla 2333255 2333324

9436140172 9436141140

84 R. Zothansanga L/27C, Chawnpui 9863599033 85 R.V. Hluna Edenthar 2343752 9862495095 86 Ramthanmawia Laipuitlang 2340633 87 Rohmingliana Vaivakawn 2347793 9436140770 88 Roliana New Market 2325583 9436142449 89 Ronald Sapa Tlau Zonuam 2345613 9436366557 90 Sangvunga B-57, Venghlui 2329489 9615487274 91 Thanhlira Chanmari 2348238 9436150521 92 Thansanga Dawrpui 2322287 9436196202

9536155139 93 Tuka Enterprise Zuangtui 9862370418 94 V. M.S Dawngliana Chanmari 2349499 9862577889 95 Vanlalhlani Electric Veng 9436353930 96 Vanlalruata Bungkawn

Vengthar 2333347 9436147742

97 Vanlaltana Kawlni VB-64, Vaivakawn 2346147 9436788571 98 Zodinthari Bethlehem Veng 99 Zohmingthanga D4/A, Chanmari 2341279 9436140612 100 Zoliana Chaltlang 9436141985 101 Zoramchhana Electric Veng 2341975 9436153838 102 Zothansanga MV-127, Mission

Veng 2310089 9436144307

103 Andrew Lalramliana Zarkawt 2342826 9436140782 104 F. Vanramsanga Republic Vety Mual 2327724 9436141825 105 Lalthlengliana Kulikawn 106 Major Lalluia Zarkawt 2351030 107 F. Rodingliana Tuikual 9436142911 108 H. Vanlalduha Zarkawt 2306500

9436142278

109 Lalrambuatsaiha Chanmari 110 Lalzawna Thakthing 9436143383 111 Lalhmangaihzuala

Zote Zemabawk

112 Caleb Lalhmachhuana

Keifang 9436192930

113 R. Pachhunga Zarkawt 2349314

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DISTANCE OF SOME VILLAGES (WITHIN AIZAWL DISTRICT) FROM AIZAWL

VILLAGE KM VILLAGE KM Aizawl to Thingsulthliah: 1. Tuirial 27 2. Phaibawk 40 3. Seling 45 4. Thingsulthliah 50 5. Tlungvel 69 6. Phulmawi 76 Aizawl to Sialsuk: 1. Muallungthu 19 2. Aibawk 30 3. Samlukhai 66 4. Sialsuk 69 Aizawl to Keifang: 1. Seling 45 2. Tuirini 56 3. Keifang 75 4. Tuivawl 97 Aizawl to Phullen:

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1. Keifang 75 2. Dilkhan 85 3. PWD Quarry 97 4. Tuivawl ‘R’ 101 5. Chhirdem 107 6. Thanglailung 116 7. Phullen 125 Aizawl to Vaitin: 1. Zero Point 41 2. Sesawng 45 3. Mualmam 55 4. Tuirini ‘R’ 66 5. Khawruhlian 87 6. Khanpui 90 7. Pehlawn 100 8. E.Phaileng 103 9. Kepran 109 10. Sawleng 116 11. Darlawn 123 12. Sailutar 133 13. Ratu 140 14. Lungsum 153 15. Vervek 158 16. Sakawrdai 168 17. Vaitin 173 Aizawl to Vanbawng: 1. E.Phaileng 103 2. Tuivawl ‘R’ 122 3. Suangpuilawn 149 4. Lamherh 156 5. Vanbawng 162 6. N.Khawlek 172 Aizawl to Daido: 1. Phullen 125 2. Phuaibuang 3. Khawlian 4. N.E. Tlangnuam 5. Daido

CONTENTS

CHAPTER

MAIN HEAD

PAGE NO.

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1 District Profile 2

Definition of Disaster

3

Hazard/Risk and Vulnerability Analysis

4

District Capability and Resource Inventory

5

Administrative Preparedness for Different Hazards

6

District Level Institutional Mechanism for Management of Disasters

7

Trigger Mechanism for Different Functionaries

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Crisis Response Structure: Incident Command Systems

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Standard Operating Procedures

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District Emergency Operations Centre

11 Village Level Disaster Management Committees/Teams

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Gender in Disaster Management

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Preparedness of Aizawl Civil Hospital

Appendix

C H A P T E R - 1

DISTRICT PROFILE

Name of District : Aizawl

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1.1 TOPOGRAPHICAL LOCATION:

Latitudes - 240 25’ 16.04” North to 230 18’ 17.78” North

Longitudes - 920 37’ 03.27” East to 930 11’ 45.69” East Aizawl District is situated in the Northern part of Mizoram. It is bounded on the east by Champhai District. On the west by Mamit District, on the north by Kolasib District and on the south by Serchhip District. 1.2. GEOGRAPHYCAL AREA: The total geographical area of Aizawl District is 3576.31 Sq.km and accounts of 16.96 % of the total geographical area of the State. Aizawl District fall in the Survey of India topo sheets nos.83D/15, 83D/16, 84 A/9, 84A/10, 84A/11. 84 A/13, 84 A/14, 84 A/15, 84 E/2,83 H/3 and 83 H/4 1.3. ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS: No.of Sub-Divisions: 3 (three) Namely: 1. Aizawl Sadar Sub-Division 2. Saitual Sub-Division 3. Sakawrdai Sub-Division No.of Rural Development Blocks: 5 (five) Namely: 1. Aibawk R.D Block 2. Tlangnuam R.D Block 3. Thingsulthliah R.D Block 4. Phullen R.D Block 5. Darlawn R.D.Block No of Household and total population of each block as on 1.2.2008: Sl No Name of RD Block No. of Household No. of persons 1 Aibawk 3292* 18,333* 2 Tlangnuam 50,390 2,86,260 3 Thingsulthliah 6340 39,923 4 Phullen 2483 15,161 5 Darlawn 5272 28,561 6 Total 67,777 3,88,238

3576.31sq.km

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(* = 2005) Villages covered under Rural Development Block:

A. Aibawk Rural Development Block: 1) Hualngohmun 2) Melriat 3) Kelsih 4) Falkawn 5) Tachhip 6) Muallungthu 7) Aibawk 8) Lungsei 9) Sateek 10) Phulpui

11) Thiak 12) Sumsuih 13) Sailam 14) Chawilung 15) Lamchhip 16) Samlukhai 17)Hmuifang 18) Maubuang 19) Sialsuk 20) Chamring B. Tlangnuam Rural Development Block : 1) Sihphir 2) Sihphir Vengthar 3) Nausel 4) Muthi 5) Lungleng N 6) Samtlang 7) Lungleng-I 8) Tuirial Airfield 9) Sairang Dinthar 10) Sairang 11) Sihhmui 12) Lengpui 13) Tuirial C. Thingsulthliah Rural Development Block:

1) Thingsulthliah 2) Sesawng 3) Thingsul –Tlangnuam 4) Darlawng 5) Tlungvel 6) Phulmawi 7) Sihfa 8) Buhban 9) N.Lungpher 10) Tualbung 11) Dilkhan 12) Saitual 13) Keifang 14) Ruallung 15) Tawizo 16) Rulchawm 17) Maite 18) Mualpheng 19) Lenchim.

D. Phullen Rural Development Block: 1) Phullen 2) Thanglailung 3) Luangpawn 4) Zawngin 5) Suangpuilawn 6) Lamherh 7) Vanbawng 8) N.Khawlek 9) Daido 10) N.E.Tlangnuam 11) Khawlian 12) Phuaibuang E. Darlawn Rural Development Block: 1)Khawruhlian 2) Hmunnghak 3) Khanpui 4) Lailak

5) Pehlawn 6) E.Phaileng 7) Kepran 8) Sawleng 9) Darlawn 10) N.Serzawl 11) Chhanchhuahna Khawpui 12) Sailutar 13) Sunhluchhip 14) Ratu 15) Lungsum 16) N.Vervek 17) Damdiai 18) Thingsat 19) Sakawrdai 20 ) Khawpuar 21) N.Khawdungsei 22) Upper Sakawrdai 23) Zohmun 24) Palsang 25) Mauchar 26) N.Tinghmun 27 ) Vaitin 28) Zokhawthiang.

No of population in some important city/towns:

1. Aizawl 46205 families 264645 persons

2. Saitual 1148 families 7547 persons

3. Sakawrdai

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4. Darlawn 784 families 4210 persons

5. Thingsulthliah 6. Phullen 7. Aibawk 8. Lengpui 648 families 3016

families 1.4 DEMORGRAPHY: (According to 2001 Census)

Total Population ------- 325676 Male ------- 166877

Female ------ 158799 Sex-Ratio (Male to Female) ------- 51.24 : 48.76 per hundred Density of population ------- 91.07 per Sq.Km 1.5 ALTITUDES:

Highest : 1905 meters from Sea Level (Mt. Chalfilh)

Lowest : 100 meters from Sea Level (Sairang Village)

The altitude of Aizawl district can be described to have uncommon features in their existence .While many places include high altitudes, several areas fall under low altitudes area. The southern part of the district are characterized by moderately high altitude , while the eastern part of the district is comparatively higher in elevation than the rest of the district, while the northern part is uniformly characterized by lower elevation. 1.6 CLIMATE: The climate of Aizawl District is ‘Tropical Monsoon Type of Climate’ The climate of Aizawl District as a whole is controlled by its location, physiographic, pressure regime in the North West India and Bay of Bengal, warm and moist maritime tropical air masses from the Bay of Bengal, Local mountain and Valley winds. Also the surrounding Hill Tracts of Chin, Arakan Yoma and Chittagong play an important role in shaping the climatic condition of the district. The Climate of Aizawl District is Tropical Monsoon Type of Climate. The entire district enjoys a moderate climate owing to its tropical location. It is neither very hot nor too cold throughout the year. Aizawl District falls under the direct influence of the south west monsoon. As such, the area receives an adequate amount of rainfall

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which is responsible for a humid tropical climate characterized by short winter and long summer with heavy rainfall. Season: Based on the variation in temperature, rainfall, humidity and other general weather conditions, four different types of seasons are observed for the district. (a) The Cold or Winter season (Thlasik): Winter season starts from the month of December is the coldest season of the year. During this period rainfall is much less as compare to other seasons, and whatever amount rainfall received is originated from North East Monsoon, generally known as ‘Retreating monsoon’. This season is very pleasant with clear blue sky in the absence of cloud covering and all the people are in festive mood since the most celebrated festival ‘Christmas’ occurs during this season. (b) Spring season (Thal):

Period :Second half of February to the first half of March

Spring season is the shortest season of the year. It starts from the second half of the February to the first half of March. Temperature is mild during this period and the sky is clear and the Mizo people accustomed to build new houses during this season as there are no weather disturbances during the period. (c) Summer season / Rainy Season (Nipui/Fur):

Period : Second half of March to first half of October

Summer season or Rainy season is the longest season covering about seven months starting from the second half of March to first half of October. The early part of this season i.e. from second half of March till first half of May is characterized by bright sunshine and clear sky with little or no cloud till it is disrupted by the coming of monsoon showers. July, August and September are the warmest months for the whole year. The heavy rainfall or outpour is usually subsides in the first quarter of October. Rainfall during May, June, July, August & September alone contributed 76% of the total annual rainfall. This is the season in which the cyclonic rains are often felt. The temperature remains high, but is kept down to a considerable extent by the usual rain.

Period : December to first half of February

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(d) Autumn season (Favang):

Period : The second part of October to November

Autumn season covers for a period generally starting from the second part of October to November. This season is very pleasant and the summer rain already diminished. This is the season the Mizos are longing for since they have no undone jobs in their traditional paddy fields, just waiting for the ripening of their paddies. Peoples are in festive moods. During this time one of Mizo festivals called ‘Mim Kut’ was used to be celebrated. 1.7. TEMPERATURE:

o Maximum : 36.7 C in the Month of April

o Minimum : 5.4 C in the Month of December

The salient thermo-characteristics of Aizawl district is that Temperature do not fluctuate much through-out the year. April to September is the warmest months for the whole year. The temperature started to fall down sharply from the month of November and it is minimized in December and January. 1.8. RAINFALL:

Annual Average Rainfall : 2786.6 mm

The entire state of Mizoram is under the direct influence of south west monsoon; hence Aizawl District also receives an adequate amount of rainfall during the monsoon season. In Aizawl District, June, July and August are the rainiest months while December, January and February are the driest months in a year. 1.9. ECONOMIC MINERALS: No major mineral is found in the district. However, mention may be made about the stray deposits of certain deposits. Bands of Shell Limestone deposit is noticed near Muthi village. The limestone is very hard, massive and grey to dark grey in colour. The limestone bands occur as detached lensoidal bodies associated with sandstones and siltstones. A small quantities of limestone deposits in the Tamdil lui nala section, in the east of Sesawng village at Dam lui, Ngharum lui near Tuirial Bridge and near PHE Rest

16

House on Reiek – Aizawl road. The limestone occurs as stalactitite deposits at Tamdil lui and Dam lui. 1.10. ROAD COMMUNICATION: Aizawl district has good road networks. The whole length of the district is traversed by various road networks. The National Highway 54 passing through the district, also the National Highway 150 also runs along the northern ridges of the district. Some district road and inter Village road connected all the villages within the District. Beside this road network, a good number of Agricultural/ Horticultural link roads have been constructed which serve for transportation of Agricultural and Horticultural products from the interior parts of the district. 1.11. LAND USE / LAND COVER: Sl.No Category Area(Sq.km) % 1 Built- up land

City Town Village

26.31 3.15 18.82

0.74 0.09 0.53

2 Agriculture Land 2.1 Cropland ( Kharif) 2.2 Plantation Citrus woodland Banana Pineapple Tea Tung Misc. Agriculture Plantation

2.23 1.59 1.40 0.13 0.51 1.61 6.69

0.06 0.04 0.04 0.004 0.01 0.04 0.19

3 Forest 3.1 Dense 3.2 Medium Dense 3.3 Less Dense 3.4 Bamboo 3.5 Forest Plantation Teak Miscellaneous

642.75 410.21 399.73 1403.01 12.23 2.86

17.97 11.47 11.18 39.23 0.34 0.08

4 Shifting Cultivation 4.1 Current Shifting Cultivation 4.2Abandoned ShiftingCultivation

185.44 407.97

5.19 11.41

5 Scrub land 35.38 0.99 6 Water body 14.29 0.40 Total 3576.31 100.00

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CHAPTER – 2

DEFINITION OF DISASTER 2.1 Disaster has been mankind’s constant though inconvenient companion since time immemorial. It is a serious disruption of the functioning of society, causing widespread human, material or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resources. Natural Disasters continue to strike unabated and without notice and are perceived to be on the increase in their magnitude, complexity, frequency and economic impact. These hazards pose to threat to people, structures and economic assets and assume disastrous proportions when they occur in areas of dense human habitations. The United Nations defined disaster as ‘the occurrence of sudden or major misfortune which disrupts the basic fabric and normal functioning of a society (community). It is an event or a series of events which gives rise to casualties or damage or loss of property, infrastructure, essential services or means of livelihood on a scale that is beyond the normal capacity of affected communities to cope with unaided’ Be it an ‘act of nature’ or ‘an act of human’ a mind-boggling spectrum of disasters wreaking havoc in the district. According to Disaster Management Act - 2005, “disaster means a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or man-made cause, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or-degradation of, environment, and it of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area” 2.2. INDIAN CLASSIFICATION:

In August, 1999, Government of India established a High Powered Committee with the mandate of preparing national, state (including union territories) and district level disaster management

18

plan. And they have identified 30 odd types of disaster both natural and non-natural and have grouped them into 5 broad categories as follows: 2.2.1 LIST OF DISASTER IDENTIFIES BY THE HIGH POWER COMMITTEE

I. Water and Climate related disasters: i) Floods and Drainage Management ii) Cyclones iii) Tornadoes iv) Hailstorms v) Cloud Burst vi) Thunder and Lightning vii) Snow Avalanches viii) Heat-wave and Cold-wave ix) Sea erosion x) Drought

II. Geological related disaster:

i) Earthquake ii) Landslides and Mudflows iii) Dam bursts iv) Mine Fire

III. Chemical, Industrial and Nuclear related disaster:

i) Chemical and Industrial disaster ii) Nuclear disaster

IV. Accident related disasters:

i) Urban fire ii) Village fire iii) Forest fire iv) Electrical disaster fire v) Serial bomb blast vi) Oil spill vii) Festival related disaster viii) Air, Road and Rail accidents ix) Boat capsizing x) Mine flooding xi) Major building collaps

V. Biological related disasters:

i) Biological disaster and Epidemics ii) Pest attacks iii) Cattle Epidemics

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iv) Food Poisoning 2.3. DISASTER TERMINOLOGY: 2.3.1. Features of Disasters: Disaster has the following main features:- * Unpredictability - Some disasters are unpredictable while Some are predictable. * Unfamiliarity - Some disaster are unfamiliar while some are familiar. * Speed - Some disasters are of high/quick in

speed while some are of slow. * Urgency - Some disasters occurs urgently while some are slow. * Uncertainty - Some disasters are uncertain while some is certain. * Threat - Disaster pose to threat to human beings. 2.3.2. Types Disaster: Disaster can be broadly divided into 2 (two) types, viz- Natural and Man-made. D I S A S T E R NATURAL DISASTER MAN-MADE DISASTER

1. Earthquake 1. Air, Rail and Sea Disaster

2. Floods 2. Fire explosions 3. Drought 3. Building Collapse 4. Epidemics 4. Industrial Accident 5. Landslide/Avalanches 5. Terrorism 6. Storms/Cyclone

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2.3.3. Classification: The following charts will give a better account of the classification:-

A) Water and Climate related : Man Made Chemical Geological Biological B) Biological Disaster: Bacterial Related Food Contamination Other fungal Virus related C) Chemical Disaster: Toxic Gases and Nuclear reaction

Food Contamination Soil Contamination and Pesticides D) Geological Disaster: Earthquake Landslide/ Avalanches Dam failures/ Dam bursts & Mudflows 2.3.4. Categories:

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The natural Disasters can be divided into three categories according to the response time to meet the challenges of the disasters:

1. Predictable and slow setting –in Droughts & Famine 2. Predictable but Fast setting – in Cyclone, Floods & Forest Fire 3. Unpredictable Earthquakes, Landslides, Avalanches etc 2.4. DISASTER MANAGEMENT: National Disaster Management Act 2005 says that “disaster management” means a continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or expedient for- (i) Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster; (ii) Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or

consequences; (iii) Capacity-building. (iv) Preparedness to deal with any disaster; (v) Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster; (vi) Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster; (vii) Evacuation, rescue and relief; (viii) Rehabilitation and reconstruction. It is the range of activities designed to mitigate the effects of disaster and emergency situations and to provide a framework for helping people at risk to avoid a recover from the impact of the disaster. Managing disasters includes steps to be taken prior to, during and after the disaster and involve preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery. Thus, Disaster Management (DM) f( D1D2 D3…......D9 ) Where; D1 - Pre-disaster preparedness

D2 - Warning

D3 - Impact phase D4 - Rescue

D5 - Relief

22

D6 - Rehabilitation

D7 - Reconstruction D8 - Vulnerability Reduction & Long term

planning D9 - Other independent variables

2.4.1. RISK: Risk is a measure of the expected losses due to a hazard event of a particular magnitude occurring in a given area over a specific time period. Risk is a function of the probability of particular occurrences and the losses each would cause. The level of risk depend upon * F - Frequency * D - Type of Disaster * P - Probability of occurrence of the disaster * L - Level of disaster (intensity) *VV - Value of Vulnerable elements. 2.4.2. HAZARD: Hazards are defined as “Phenomena that pose a threat to people, structures or economic assets and which may cause a disaster. They could be either man made or naturally occurring in our environments”. The extent of Damage from a disaster depends on:- 1) The impact, intensity and characteristics of the phenomenon. 2) How people, environment and infrastructures are affected by the phenomenon. Crunch Diagram: HAZARRD VULNERABILITY Thus, Disaster Risk = Hazard + Vulnerability

D I S A S T E R

23

2.4.3. VULNERABILITY: It is defined as “the extent to which a community, structure, service and geographic area is likely to be damaged a disrupted by the impact of particular hazard, on account of their nature, construction and proximity to hazardous terrain or a disaster prone area”. Types of Vulnerability:- a) Physical Vulnerability: It relates to the physical location of people and elements at risk; buildings, infrastructure etc. and their proximity to the hazard. b) Socio-Economic Vulnerability: This relates to the degree to which a population is affected by the calamity in relation to the prevailing Social and Economic conditions. The impact of a disaster is determined by the event, its effects on people and their environment, as well as the consequential effect on human activities within a given society. 2.4.4. RELIEF: In refers to a period immediately following the occurrence of a disaster when steps are taken to meet the needs of survivors with respect to shelter, water, food and medical care. 2.4.5. REHABILITATION: It includes activities that are undertaken to support the victims return to normal life and re-integration into regular community functions. 2.4.6. MITIGATION: It is a collective term used to encompass all activities undertaken in anticipation of the occurrence of a potentially disastrous event, including preparedness and long term risk reduction measures.

It involves measures to reduce the effects of disaster causing phenomena. It includes scientific analysis or risk assessment, social, economic, legal and technical processes in development of suggestive measures and administrative and political processes in application of these measures. Mitigation is often not given the same priority as preparedness or recovery. This is because there is a tendency to view disasters and development in terms of “trade-offs” with needed

24

resources being diverted from development towards disaster mitigation. 2.4.7. DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE: The Disaster Management Cycle consists of the following broad stages: a) The Disaster Event:

This refers to the real time event of the hazard occurring and

effecting elements at risk. The damage is directly proportional to duration of the event. b) Response and Relief:

This refers to the first stage after the calamity. Relief materials like food, clothing, medicines and other necessities are distributed to bring life to normalcy. c) Recovery (Rehabilitation and Reconstruction): It is used to describe the activities that encompass the three overlapping phases of emergency relief, rehabilitations and reconstructions. d) Development:

It is an on going activity for a evolving economy. Long-term prevention/disaster reduction measures like construction of embankments against flooding, increasing plantation for reducing the occurrence of landslide etc. are some of the activities that can be taken up as a part of development plans.

DISASTER

DEVELOPMENT

PREVENTION REILEF

MITIGATION REHABILITATION

PREPAREDNES RECONSTRUCTION

RI SK MANAGEMENT

C R I S I S

MA N AG EME N T

25

e) Prevention and Mitigation: Reduction of risk in disasters involves activities, which either reduces or modify the scale and intensity of the threat faced or by improving the elements at risk. Mitigation too aims at reducing the physical, economical and social vulnerability to threats and the underlying cause for this vulnerability. f) Preparedness: The process embraces measures that enable governments, community and individuals to respond rapidly to disaster situation to cope with them effectively: Preparedness includes the formulation of viable emergency plans, the development of warning systems, the maintenance of inventories and the training of personnel. It may also embrace Search & Rescue measures as well as evacuation plans for areas that may be ‘at risk’ for a recurring disaster. All preparedness plans needs to be supported by appropriate rules and regulations with clear allocation of responsibilities and budgetary provisions. 2.5: DISASTER MANAGEMENT: OBJECTIVES AND PRIORITIES. Disaster management can be divided into pre and post disaster contexts. This sequences embraces pre and post disaster actions that are concerned with the six stages of: 1. Inception of Disaster planning 2. Risk Assessment 3. Defining levels of acceptable risk 4. Preparedness and Mitigation planning 5. Testing the plan 6. Feed back from lesson plan. Each grows out of the stage before it and leads to further action. Together the sequence can build – up a planning and implementation system which can become a powerful risk reduction tool. If disaster planning is restricted to only preparedness plan, then the full benefits of disaster planning sequence for disaster management. 2.6. PRINCIPLES OF AIZAWL DISTRICT DISASTER/EMERGENCY

MANAGEMENT PLAN: The basic planning principles adopted in the development of this District Emergency Management Plan are:-

26

i) Plan must be clear and practical: Plan must be developed in the language known to the people in clear and precise words stating exactly the procedures to follow in case of emergency and goals should be stated all phases of the anticipated event, preparedness relief and rehabilitation and recovery. Formalities to follow for a gaining access to resources relevant to the management of the disaster at hand should be for all purposes kept to the minimum. ii) Good Management Information System (MIS): A comprehensive collection of facts and data’s is the pre-requisite for the development of an effective Disaster Management Plan. Contingency plan must also include arrangements for collecting, analyzing, storing and disseminating information and thereby one of the functions of the District Emergency Control Room (DECR) or District Emergency Operation Centre (DEOC) has been identified as information management. iii) Maximum Utilization of available resources: This can be done by maintaining proper resource inventory system which should cover the basic needs of the people apart from machinery’s and conveyance. iv) Training and Regular Practice: Any plan to be effective requires the agencies involved to train and practice regularly (Mock Drill) and thereby fouls and weaknesses in the out lay of the components of the plan can be detected and rectified. v) Critical Evaluation: Critical Evaluation of the effectiveness of any disaster management plan should form a part of any such plan. vi) Plan must be well organized assigning specific responsibilities and accountabilities to the different agencies, government or otherwise is important. The District Emergency Operation Centre (DEOC) established should: 1) Give timely warning to the people 2) Initiate and supervise activities done at different levels 3) All important information about the District should be available with the District EOC. vii) Incorporation of Departmental Sub-Plans: The main plan should be supported by department plans which are more specific for the concerned organization and makes the response easier in the times of emergency. The departmental sub plans are incorporated in this main plan. viii) Plan must be flexible: Plan must be formulated so as to adapt itself to changing situations and varying intensity and magnitude of any disaster. Flexibility of Plan makes it viable and relevant in all aspects of emergency management.

27

2.7. NECCESSITY OF DISTRICT PLAN: Aizawl District is experiencing rapid growth and development in

terms of population, urbanization, and infrastructure development etc. in comparison with other districts of the state. These developments have brought in some other ways, many problems like deforestation, drought, soil erosion, slope instability and landslides. Since, the District falls within seismic zone V which is most vulnerable to Earthquake of high magnitude, i.e 5 and above on the Richter scale so the Earthquake of high magnitude could strike the district at any time. Besides, Cyclones are also causing a great hazard (one or more disaster every year). The design wind speed for Aizawl District is 55m/s (198 km/hr) which is one of the highest in the country. Wind Pass from Bangladesh causes a lot of hazard. Landslide also compounded the problem of the district during monsoon season. It claimed so many lives in the past 20 years (See 3.3). It is therefore desirable to have some specific mitigation strategy to check the problem of landslide.

In the past, efforts have been made to solve all these problems but due to lack of proper management strategy, no tangible results could be achieved. Taking all these into consideration, the need to have effective and practical District Disaster Management Plan for the district is of urgent and real importance. 2.8. GoM-UNDP DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME 2003-2009: Keeping the past experience due to Bhuj earthquake, Orissa super cyclone and Tsunami disasters which claimed many lives in the country in mind, the Government of India with the support of United Nations Development Programme has inducted a new programme called “Government of India - United Nations Development Programme (Disaster Risk Management Programme) to address the training and preparation need of the people living in the multi-hazard/vulnerable prone areas within the country. It focused mainly on disaster preparedness and mitigation. It has been introduced in the most 17 vulnerable areas on pilot basis. Mizoram is one of the selected states and it has been implemented in all the 8 districts successfully with countless improvement in the preparedness phase.

The programme components included the following:

§ Awareness generation regarding hazard vulnerabilities, safe

building practices as well as other mitigation measures. § Development of State and District Disaster Management

Plans. § Development of Natural Disaster Risk Management and

28

Response plans at Village, ward, Block, Urban Local bodies. § Constitution of Disaster Management Teams and

Communities at all levels, village, ward, block and urban local bodies/districts and states.

§ Capacity building of Disaster Management Teams at all levels.

§ Training and demonstration in cyclone and earthquake resistant/ retro- fitting feature houses in disaster prone districts.

§ Integration of disaster management plans with development plans of the local self governments.

§ Techno-Legal regime-training to administrators of ULBs and

Engineers in safe construction practice etc 2.9. GoM-UNDP DISASTER RISK REDUCTION PROGRAMME (2009-2012): Based on the experience gained during the implementation of GoI-UNDP Disaster Risk Management Programme and enactment of Disaster Management Act, 2005, a new Programme, named ‘Disaster Risk Reduction’ has been come up and implemented, along with other states in the country, in some districts of Mizoram including Aizawl District. The Programme is envisaged to support Central and State governments programmes and initiatives by providing critical inputs that would enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the efforts in Disaster Risk Reduction. The Programme is divided into 2 components:

I. Institutional Strengthening & Capacity Building for Disaster Risk Reduction (to be implemented by the National Disaster Management Authority).

II. Urban Risk Reduction (to be implemented by the Ministry of Home Affairs).

2.10. TYPES OF DISASTERS (EXPERIENCED AND PROBABLE IN THE DISTRICT):

a) Earthquake: The District lies in a seismic zone V, which is most Vulnerable to earthquakes. And due to absence of building bye laws, the present construction of houses may bring great damage to the district. b) Landslide: The inherent weakness of lithology due to law, compressive strength of the siltstone, when exposed to humid climate and heavy rains leads to deep weathering and erosion (i.e Landslide & Sinking) this is compounded by excavations for road cutting and building foundations. Deforestation caused depletion of top soil erosion causes down slope movements of earth materials. A

29

major rock slide occurred in August 1992 in S. Hlimen area, South of Aizawl Town killing 67 people. c) Drought: There was a long spell of drought during period between October, 1998 and April 1999, causing huge loss of agriculture crops during Kharif season in the district. Many streams dried up and paddy as well as other cereal seeds of jhumming could not germinate. Based on past experience of drought we should have proper emergency management plan to lessen the damage done by it. d) Cyclone: The impact of cyclone is not felt severely in the capital district of Aizawl. The susceptible area lies in the western belt of the State, adjoining areas of Bangladesh boarder which are ravaged by cyclone almost annually leading to loss of properties and even lives. Anyhow, the entire state lies in the highest cyclone prone area. e) Mautam (a devastating famine): A devastating famine known as ‘Mautam’ ravaged the entire district in 1959. A phenomenon of fifty year cycle, Mautam has peculiar symptoms of widespread flowering of bamboo trees accompanied by an incredibly high proliferation of rats which came in holders after hordes, first feeding on the bamboo flowers. They then swarmed the paddy fields devouring all the crops. The ensuing Mautam is peculiar, It was started in 2006, the highest peak or its Zenith was in 2007 where the lost of paddy and crops accounted extensive loss. In 2008, many villages reported to have been facing rodent attack and expected yield of paddy and crops is very poor indeed.

DISASTER PROBABILITY Month of Occurrence

30

Type Of Hazard J

anu

ary

Feb

ruar

y

Mar

ch

Apri

l

May

Ju

ne

Ju

ly

Au

gust

Sep

tem

ber

Oct

ober

Nov

ember

Dec

ember

FLASH FLOOD * * * * *

DROUGHT * * * * * * * * *

FIRE(Forest/House) * * * * * * * * *

LANDSLIDE * * * * *

EARTHQUAKE * * * * * * * * * * * *

CYCLONE/ STRONGWIND * * * * * *

CHARTER - 3

HAZARD/RISK AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS

31

The entire district falls under multiple hazards. Let us sum up in brief the different risk/hazard and vulnerability that may occur in the entire district.

3.1. EARTHQUAKE North East India has been divided into four (4) zones by Seismologists. They are: i) Eastern Syntaxi ii) Arakan Yuma and Naga Thrush Folded Belt iii) Shillong Plateau iv) MCT and MBF of the Himalayan Frontal Arc.

On the basis of this division, Mizoram falls under zone II. Whereas, according to some other zoning, Mizoram falls under zone V or the Very High Damage Risk Zone. If an earthquake occurred in Mizoram, it could be of a magnitude of 7.5 and above on the Richter scale. According to reports made by the International Seismological Society, major earthquakes occur at intervals ranging from 35 – 40 years. The last major earthquake felt in the North-East was happened at about 322 Kms North of Sadya in Mishmi Hill Region of Arunachal Pradesh on 15th August, 1950 measuring 8.5 magnitude. As such, a major quake can be predicted in North-east particularly in Mizoram. As we already know, Mizoram is a steadily developing state and there is extensive urbanization.

However, we do not have adequate guidelines, rules, regulations

or bye-laws for earthquake resistant buildings. Through it will be a giant task to correct unplanned development structures all over Mizoram concerned authorities need to wake up to the potential earthquake danger. This is true because of the fact that even from a cursory examination of earthquake distribution and global tectonics that Mizoram is in an Earthquake zone. According to Geological Survey of India’s Director General K. Krishnanunny, “Mizoram, whose capital Aizawl, is a nightmare for Seismologists as it has no codes and rules of town planning”. In fact, Mizoram was shaken by tremors measuring 5.1 on the Richter scale on 4.3.2001 through it may not have caused any extensive damage, it could well have been a warning to major earthquake in the near future. 3.2. CYCLONE/WINDSTORM:

So far as wind hazard is concerned, the design wind speed in the whole list is 55m/s (198Km/h) which is the highest value specified in the country, occasionally reached when cyclonic storm will come across Bangladesh. In such events houses built of wood, bamboo, thatched etc. as in Category X in the atlas and sloping roofs such as thatched and tiles and those AC sheet and corrugated galvanized iron (CGI) sheet roofs which are not fully anchored and intergraded will suffer much damage. The damages occurring in such speed high winds are of localized nature and do not result in a disaster at the

32

state level. But it will be very useful that wind resistant construction. Guidelines are adopted and implemented for minimizing wind damages to buildings. During summer, the sub tropical high pressure belt and the thermal equator are displaced northward in response to the changing pattern of heating of the earth. From the ocean, particularly from the north Indian Ocean or Bay of Bengal, they move towards the land mass and blow over the Asian continent. These are called South-West monsoon and they usually reach Aizawl District during second half of May and prevails up to the first half of October.

The summer monsoon is characterized by highly variable

weather with frequent spells of drought and heavy rains. Beside this, the winter monsoon also prevails which is a gentle drift of air in which the winds generally blow from the north east. This retreating monsoon cause sporadic rainfall especially in Aizawl District and other district producing sometimes heavy cyclonic rains. Mizoram state is vulnerable to impact of tropical cyclone which develops in North Indian Ocean (Bay of Bengal) and the cyclones of the post monsoon season (October to December) are more intense than those of pre monsoon season (April & May).Cyclone are associated with strong winds, torrential rains and storms. The impact of cyclone/windstorm and hailstorm has often led to damages to houses, power line cut-off, blockage of road, damage to crops and plantation, loss of live stocks, etc.

CYCLONE RELATED DISASTER DURING 1992-2010

Particular

Nature

Name of RD Block Total

Thingsul-thliah

Saitual Sub-Div

Darlawn

Tlang-nuam

Aibawk Phulle-n

Houses Collapse

Fully

129

261

938

42

141

346

1857

Severely

871

1140

7359

386

1323

3105

14184

Populati-on affected

--

5015

6425

41315

2140

6635

18055

79585

Lightning also contributes to 2 death cases injuring 3 persons in the past 20 years. 3.3. LANDSLIDE:

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Mizoram, being a hilly terrain is prone to landslides. Every year a number of landslides have been usually reported from various localities. These cause a lot of miseries to public resulting in loss of life and property, disruption of communication network, and also cause economic burden on the society. This is primarily attributed to high slope and relief, immature geology, neo-tectonic activity, heavy rainfall and unplanned and improper land use practice in the state.

The vulnerability of landslide can be estimated by showing the

number of Silpaulin issued to Aizawl District by the Department of DM&R during the past 4 years for distribution to landslide and other related disaster victims.

§ 2007 : 3878 § 2008* : 1700* § 2009 : 3000 § 2010 : 4700 (Upto Sept) (* = detail report cannot be obtained)

LANSLIDE RELATED DISASTER DURING 1992-2010

Name of RD Block Died Injured Total 1. Thingsulthliah 3 - 3 2. Phullen 1 1 2 3. Saitual Sub- Div. 3 - 3 3. Tlangnuam 104 46 150

Total 111 47 158 3.4. FIRE:

Fire accidents are quite common in the whole district. The district/state capital may comparatively suffer in the outbreak of fire as there is close proximity of houses in many areas leading to spread of fire and wider destruction. Besides, the road communication network inside the city is very congested and rescue activities may not be done effectively. So there is a need on the part of the concerned department as well as the district administration in consultation and co-ordination with the Police department to cope with any eventuality in future.

The rural areas also are not free from the risk of fire because of the following factors:

a) Individual housing with roof of straw and storage of straw/hay in close proximity of the house.

b) Lack of availability of adequate water and nil or poor equipments for fire fighting especially in rural areas and small towns. c) Lack of awareness of basic do’s and don’ts when people live in houses that uses inflammable materials.

e) Human error or carelessness.

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The district is also becoming increasingly vulnerable to electric accidents which are a part and parcel of fire accident. The main causes of such accidents are:- a) Use of substandard electrical fittings. b) Lack of check up of overused electrical items. c) Lack of trained electricians. d) A combination of the above factors. The following recent past statistics clearly shows the risk of occurrence of fire in the district.

Year

House Fire/ Shop/

Workshop/ Tea stall

Bush/

Forest Fire

Jungle

Fire

Electric Short

Circuit

Others (Garbage,

LPG, Vehicle etc)

Total

2006 14 35 5 54 2007 15 14 11 40 2008 8 6 7 21 2009 25 19 3 47 2010 4 56 5 12 21 98 Total 66 130 5 12 47 260

3.5. ACCIDENTS:

The figures of road accidents indicate rising trend in Mizoram. Since 2000 to July 2010, there are 889 vehicular accidents which claimed 592 lives injuring 1360 persons in Mizoram. Though the above figure is based on the whole of Mizoram, the worst affected district is Aizawl district as it accounts for about 70% of the registered on-road vehicles in the state. It is therefore desirable that there must be regular and sustained campaigns to prevent and reduce the roads accidents except for the observance of the Traffic Week, No Tolerance Week and Road Safety Week annually.

STATEMENT OF MOTOR ACCIDENTS FOR THE YEAR 2000-

2010 (MIZORAM):

Year No. of Accidents No. of persons involved

Fatal Griev-ous

Injury

Minor Injury

Non-Injury

Total Killed Injure-d

Total

2000 36 24 3 9 72 62 99 161 2001 31 26 6 9 72 67 141 208 2002 41 15 24 17 97 50 184 234 2003 24 34 6 7 71 28 78 106 2004 40 23 7 13 83 59 132 132 2005 52 10 2 - 64 59 60 119 2006 42 21 14 7 84 42 71 113

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2007 44 21 6 6 77 50 65 115 2008 53 16 24 17 110 63 185 248 2009 51 20 11 4 86 60 203 263 2010 (July)

47 19 14 3 83 52 142 194

Total 461 229 117 92 899 592 1360 1893 3.6 RISK ASSESSMENTS AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS:

ECONOMIC, OCCUPATIONAL, SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL

PROFILE OF THE POPULATION

Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of the district to develop their economical background. However the frequent occurrence of calamities staged the economical progress of the people. The scope of Public Sector is very limited to provide employment opportunity to a large section of unemployed persons in the district. However various employment generation programmes are implemented in the district to generate self/wage/salary employment for the unemployed youths. The employment generating programmes like PMRY, JRY, SGSY, SGSSY, PMGRY etc & beneficiary programmes like IRDP provide employment to most of the people.

Type of Hazard

Potential impact Vulnerability Vulnerable Areas

EARTHQUAKE

Loss of crop, infrastructure, human life, live-lihood system, houses Private & Public property etc. Cattle, livestock

* Human Life · Communication

Network Road network of the affected area Telephone connections. * Private infrastructures. Kutcha, Semi Pucca & Pucca Houses. * Agriculture /Horticulture. Crop, irrigations * Drinking Water Sources. Stream, Pond, PHE Rural Water supplies.

· Educational Institutes.

Anganwadi, Primary

Entire district

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Schools, Middle Schools, High Schools, Higher Secondary Schools, Colleges & University * Live stock. Cattle, Poultry Farms, Pig Farms

· Vulnerable people.

Handicapped, Old aged, Sick Pregnant, ailing/ diseased and Children below 5 years.

· Other vulnerable assets.

Steep slopes, Minor irrigation, Small scale industries, Handloom units, Paddy fields, Trees / Orchards/ plantation.

Type of Hazard


LAND- SLIDE

Loss of crop, infrastructure, human life, live-lihood system, houses Private & Public property etc. Cattle, livestock

· Communication Network

Road network of the affected area Telephone connections. * Private infrastructures. Kutcha, Semi Pucca & Pucca Houses. * Agriculture /Horticulture. Crop, irrigations * Drinking Water Sources. Stream, Pond, PHE Rural Water supplies.

· Educational

Entire district

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Institutes. Anganwadi, Primary Schools, Middle Schools, High Schools, Higher Secondary Schools, Colleges & University * Live stock. Cattle, Poultry Farms, Pig Farms

· Vulnerable people. Handicapped, Old aged, Sick Pregnant, ailing/diseased and Children below 5 years.

· Other vulnerable assets.

Steep slopes, Minor irrigation, Small scale industries, Handloom units, Paddy fields, Trees / Orchards /plantation.

Type of Hazard


FLASH- FLOOD

Loss of crop, infrastructure, human life, livelihood system, houses Private & Public property etc. Cattle, livestock

* Communication Network Road network of the affected area Telephone connections. * Private infrastructures. Kutcha, Semi Pucca & Pucca Houses. * Agriculture /Horticulture. Crop, irrigations * Drinking Water Sources. Stream, Pond, PHE Rural Water supplies. * Educational Institutes. Anganwadi, Primary

Entire district

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Schools, Middle Schools, High Schools, Higher Secondary Schools, Colleges & University * Live stock. Cattle, Poultry Farms, Pig Farms * Vulnerable people. Handicapped, Old aged, Sick Pregnant, ailing/ diseased and Children below 5 years. * Other vulnerable assets. Steep slopes, Minor Irrigation, Small scale industries, Handloom units, Paddy fields, Trees / Orchards /plantation.

Type of Hazard


Village Fire /Forest Fire

Loss of Property / Livestock, Forest area/ Loss of Animals & Human life

Loss of property &Life. Animal life, Plants Crops and loss of forest. Loss of Medicinal plant.

Whole of District

DROUGHT Loss of crop, livelihood, live-lihood, livestock, cash-crops etc

Scarcity of drinking and domestic water, Loss of crops

Whole of District

MAUTAM Loss of crop, Loss of Bamboo

Loss of Paddy, Crops and Bamboo etc.

Whole of District

EARTH - QUAKE

Loss of Human life, Property, Livestock, Crops, infrastructure & Residential Houses .

Loss of property & Life. Animal life and Loss of Residential Houses and Infrastructure

Whole of District

CYCLONE/ STRONG WIND

Loss of Human life, Property, Livestock, Crops, infrastructure & Residential

Loss of property & Life. Animal life and Loss of Residential Houses and Infra-structure

Whole of District

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Houses.

CHAPTER – 4

DISTRICT CAPABILITY AND RESOURCE INVENTORY

Capability Analysis:

The district has certain resources that can be immediately put to relief work in case of any disaster. There are many NGOs, Voluntary Organizations working in the district which will come to the help of district administration in case of emergencies.

Communication and Media:

The district has good network of wireless (police communication network), which has to be strengthened to cover the remote areas as well. At present the information on earthquake has to be obtained from two Seismological Centres; Geology & Mineral Resources and Pachhunga University College.

Mass Media

There are a number of local news papers and cable operators like LPS, Zonet in the Capital Aizawl besides Doordarshan and All India Radio stations. These establishments will be used for educating/ creating awareness among the public in normal time as well as in disaster situation.

District Communication Network

The district is having good telecommunication facilities. All District Level Officers, Sub-Division, Blocks & important Villages have been provided with a Telephone connection.Wireless communication sets are available with Police Department, PWD and P&E which may be utilized at crisis situation.

Preparedness Apparatus

The district administration along with all the line departments is ready to plunge into action at short notice. The Police, Home guards, Fire Services, PWD, P&E, PHE, Forest Department, Medical Staff etc

40

and local community are well trained in their fields to take up rescue works. They are ready to take up the rehabilitation measures, at short notice with the available resources. The resources, if necessary, will be augmented from the neighboring districts whenever necessary.

Control Room

At present there is a Control Room what we called District Emergency Operations Centre in Aizawl. Separate control room of the Police Department is also functioning round the clock. Depending upon the need, additional control rooms will be set up by the District Administration at headquarters of SDO(C) and BDOs levels transmitting necessary instructions/information.

Vital Installations

The vital installations that has to be protected like power stations, transformers, telecommunication centres, wireless relay stations, Civil and Police establishments, Lengpui airport and location of Helipad would have been provided with necessary protection and the same will be intensified during disaster.

Taking stock of Resources available with District Administration, Private individuals and different Government Officials and their deployment at the time of calamity for Relief/Rescue Operation are of vital importance.

All District Level Officers, Sub-Division, Blocks & important Villages have been provided with a Telephone connection. Resource Inventory:

(A) DEPLOYMENT OF MIZORAM POLICE PERSONNEL IN DIFFERENT POLICE STATION/OUT POST WITHIN

AIZAWL DISTRICT (AS ON 10.09.2010):

Sl. No

Name of P.S/O.P

Insp.

S.I

A.S.I

H.C

Cons-able

Total

Contact No

1 Aizawl P/S 2 14 6 9 48 79 2322319/ 2301495-97

2 Bawngkawn P/S 1 10 6 5 29 51 2340758/ 2347570

3 Vaivakawn P/S 1 5 4 4 23 37 2342303/ 2346770

4 Kulikawn P/S 1 6 4 5 23 39 2322379/

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2317492 5 Luangmual O/P 1 2 2 2 9 16 2341463/

2346772 6 Sairang P/S - 1 2 1 13 17 2568209 7 Saitual P/S 1 1 2 2 11 17 2562405 8 Darlawn P/S - 1 1 1 10 13 2569342 9 New Vervek O/P - - 1 1 5 07 10 Sakawrdai P/S - 1 2 1 9 13 11 Sialsuk P/S - 1 1 2 10 14 2014535(WLL) 12 SDPO, Aizawl S - 1 - - 6 07 2321818 13 SDPO, Aizawl N - 1 - 1 4 06 2340242 14 SDPO, Sakawrdai - - 1 - 1 02 15 R.O Branch, Aizawl 1 1 3 5 50 60 16 Crime Branch - 2 2 1 8 13 17 Law & Order Cell - 1 1 3 4 09 18 DPS - 1 - 2 3 06 19 DSB, Aizawl 1 2 4 9 18 34 20 MT Branch 1 - 1 - 16 18 Total 10 51 43 54 300 458

(B) M.P.R.O STATIONS IN MIZORAM 1) Aizawl MCC 2) Saitual 3) Bawngkawn 4) Aizawl P/S 5) Sialsuk 6) Sairang 7) Lengpui 8) Luangmual Complex 9) Durtlang 10) Mualpui(3rd MAP) 11) Chawlhhmun (MRHG) 12) Armed Veng (1st MAP) 13) Darlawn 14) Tuivamit 15) PTC Lungverh 16) CTI Sesawng 17) N. Vervek 18) Vanbawng 19) Zohmun 20) Sakawrdai 21) Vaitin 22) Khawlian 23) Suangpuilawn 24) Laipuitlang (RPTR) 25) Sialsuk (RPTR) 26) Aizawl Traffic Control

42

(C) FIRE AND EMERGENCY SERVICES

The district has One Fire Station in Dawrpui, two Mobile Fire

Stations: Treasury Square and Chaltlang besides the Headquarters of F&ES. These stations are equipped with the following resources for rescue operation. Station officer : 02 Sub Station Officer : 01 Leading Firemen : 04 Firemen : 36 Drivers :

Allotment of Fire Tender:

Sl. No

Registration No

To whom allotted

Type of Vehicle

On/Off Road

Condition of Vehicle

1

Mz-

01A/2103

Aizawl Fire

Station

1612 Tata

Fire Tender

On Road

OK

2

Mz-

01D/6668

Aizawl Fire

Station

407 Turbo

Fire Tender

On Road

OK

3

Mz-

01C/3356

Aizawl Fire

Station

Pick Up

Fire Tender

On Road

OK

4

Mz-

01D/9681

Mobile Fire Station,

Aizawl ‘S’

407 Turbo Water

Bowser

On Road

OK

5

Mz-

01D/9679


Aizawl ‘S’

Pick Up Fire

Tender

On Road

OK

6

Mz-

01D/9682


Aizawl ‘N’

407 Turbo Fire

Tender

On Road

OK

7

Mz-

01D/9680


Aizawl ‘N’

Pick Up Fire

Tender

On Road

OK

8

Mz-01/0135

Hqrs., F&ES, Aizawl

1210 Tata

Fire Tender

On Road

OK

9

Mz-

01B/2254

Hqrs., F&ES,

Ashok Leyland

Fire

On Road

OK

43

Aizawl Tender

10

Mz-01D/6660

Hqrs., F&ES, Aizawl

407 Turbo

Fire Tender

On Road

OK

11

Mz-

01C/3357

Hqrs., F&ES, Aizawl

Pick Up

Fire Tender

On Road

OK

12

Mz-01/0946

Hqrs., F&ES, Aizawl

Mazda Water Tanker

On Road

OK

13

Mz-

01B/0282

Hqrs., F&ES, Aizawl

407 M. Truck

On Road

OK

14

Mz-01F/5056

Hqrs., F&ES, Aizawl

909 LPK Tipper

On Road

OK

(D) LIST OF HOSPITALS INCLUDING PRIVATE/CHURCH

OWNED HOSPITAL:

Name of Hospital Bed Strength

1. Civil Hospital, Aizawl 350 (2322318)

2. Presbyterian Hospital, Durtlang 300 (2361222) 3. TB Hospital, Aizawl 50 (2351319) 4. Greenwood Hospital, Aizawl 68 (2341397) 5. Adventist Hospital, Aizawl 40 (2341544) 6. Nazareth Hospital, Aizawl 45 (2011366) 7. Bethesda Hospital, Aizawl 80 (2341833) 8. Aizawl Hospital 77 (2319537) 9. Newlife Polyclinic 40 (2344925) 10. Post Partum (Kulikawn) 50 (2324130) 11. Alpha Hospital (Kulikawn) 30 (2300535) 12. Care Hospital, Aizawl 17 (2313986) 13. Grace Nursing Home, Aizawl 37 (2318637) 14. Pushpak Hospital 10

Community Health Centres/Primary Health Centres:

15. Lengpui CHC 30 16. Saitual CHC 30 17. Sakawrdai CHC 30 18. Thingsulthliah CHC 30

44

19. Sialsuk PHC 20 20. Sairang PHC 20 21. Aibawk PHC 20 22. Khawruhlian PHC 20 23. Phuaibuang 20 24. Suangpuilawn PHC 20 25. Phullen PHC 20 26. Darlawn PHC 20

(E) LIST OF AMBULANCE AVAILABLE IN THE DISTRICT

MAHINDRA MARSHAL AMBULANCE FOR 24X7 PHCs

Sl No Name of PHC District Registration No.

1. Suangpuilawn Aizawl East MZ 01 E 1732

ALLOTMENT OF VERSA AMBULANCE FOR 24X7 P.H.Cs

Sl No Name of PHC District Registration No.

1. Khawruhlian Aizawl East MZ 01 E 2724

2. Thingsulthliah Aizawl East MZ 01 E 3451

3. Darlawn Aizawl East MZ 01 E 3348

4. Lengpui Aizawl West MZ 01E 2416

5. Aibawk Aizawl West MZ 01E 2417

6. Sialsuk Aizawl West MZ 01 E 3194

ALLOTMENT OF SUMO AMBULANCE FOR DISTRICT HOSPITAL Sl No

Name of Hospital District Registration No.

1. Civil Hospital, Aizawl Aizawl West MZ 01 D 8031 2. DHS Aizawl MZ 01 D 7889 ALLOTMENT OF SUMO AMBULANCE FOR C.H.C Sl No

Name of Hospital District Registration No.

1. Sakawrdai CHC Aizaw East MZ 01 D 8313 2. Saitual CHC Aizaw East MZ 01 B 8599

45

NO. OF REGISTERED MEDICAL & PARA MEDICAL PERSONNEL Doctors Nurses Pharmacists Health

Workers Lab. technicians

Total

158 355 36 222 45 816

(F) JCB EXCAVATOR – CUM – LOADER OWNED BY P.W.D

Sl.no Type Regn. No/ Sl.No

To whom allotted

Remarks

1

JCB Excavator -cum- Loader

1035121

National Highway Div- II, Aizawl

From Ministry of Road Transport, GoI

2


1035122

National Highway Div- I, Aizawl


3

JS-200

308566

Saitual Division


4

Mobile Crane ECEL

F-15

Mechanical Div- I, Aizawl


5


33427

Saitual Division

State PWD

6


51133

Aizawl Road South Division

State PWD

7


1412518

Aizawl Road North Division

State PWD

8


34555

Hmuifang Division, Aibawk

State PWD

9


1412149

Hmuifang Division, Aibawk

State PWD

10

JCB Excavator -

1412518

Aizawl Road North Division

State PWD

46

cum- Loader

11 JCB Excavator -cum- Loader

1413223

National Highway Division- IV

State PWD

12


1413224

National Highway Division- III

State PWD

(G) LOCATION OF HELIPAD

In some cases of disaster like earthquake, landslide etc when road communication network has been totally blocked or damaged from district headquarters to interior villages, air dropping of public needs may be required. In this case, the following helipads may be used by Helicopter for landing.

Sl No

Name of Helipad

Grid Ref.

Elevation (in metre)

Dimension (LxB in Metre)

Surface

Fit for

Status

1 Aizawl (Thuampui)

RQ 2367

1050 75x35 Tarmac CTK Tip top

2 Tuirial RQ 2866

336 ALG 01/19 Tarmac All Type

Tip top

3 Darlawn RQ 4097

1100 25x15 Hard CTK Tip top

4 Kepran RQ 4291

1325 25x15 Grassy CTK Tip top

5 N.Khawdungsei RN 4857


6 Khawlian RQ 2762

1150 100x40 Hard MI-8 Tip top

7 Phuaibuang RQ 4754


8 Phullen RQ 4043


9 Ratu RO 2574


10 Saitual RQ 4561


11 Sateek RQ 1945


12 Seling RQ 3465

1000 95x65 Tarmac MI-8 Tip top

13 Sialsuk RQ 2529


14 Suangpuilawn RO 1200 45x30 Hard CTK Tip top

47

3856 15 Vervek RO

3084 800 25x15 Hard CTK Tip top

16 Zohmun RO 2896


The following playground can also be used for Helipad: 1. Phullen Playground 30. Tlungvel Playground 2. N. Lungleng Playground 31. Sihfa Playground 3. S.Hlimen Playground 32. Buhban Playground 4. Sihphir Playground 33. Durtlang Playground 5. Ratu Playground 34. Hmuifang Playground 6. Lawipu Playground 35. Sairang Playground 7. Sakawrdai Playground 36. Vaitin Playground 8. Darlawn Playground 37. Sesawng Playground 9. Darlawng Playground 38. Sialsuk Playground 10. Lengpui Playground 39. Saitual Playground 11. Tuirial Playground 40. Seling Playground 12. Khawruhlian Playground 41. Phuaibuang Playground 13. Suangpuilawn Playground 42. Vanbawng Playground 14. E.Phaileng Playground 43. N.KhawdungseiPlayground 15. Ratu Playground 44. Khawlek Playground 16. Zawng In Playground 45. Tualbung Playground 17. Thanglailung Playground 46. Lamchhip Playground 18. Keifang Playground 47. Rulchawm Playground 19. Thingsulthliah Playground 48. Selesih Playground 20. Aibawk Playgroung 49. Falkawn Playground 21. Hualngohmun Playground 50. Kelsih Playground 22. Lungsei Playground 51. Maubuang Playground 23. Melthum Playground 52. Melriat Playground 24. Sateek Playground 53. Hualngohmun Playground 25. Kelsih Playground 54. Lungsei Playground 26. Maubuang Playground 55. Melthum Playground 27. Melriat Playground 56. Sateek Playground 28. Samlukhai Playground 57. Samtlang Playground 29. Thiak Playground 58. Tachhip Playground. 59. Khawlian Playground

(H) LIST OF SUPPLY CENTRE: PDC SDC Supply Centre

1. Aizawl West 1) Aizawl - 1) Hmuifang 2) Aibawk 2) Sialsuk

2. Aizawl East 1) Saitual 1) Sakawrdai 1) Khawruhlian 2) Phullen 2) Darlawn

3) Ratu

48

4) N.Vervek 5) Zohmun 6)Suangpuilaw

n 7) Vanbawng 8) Phuaibuang 9) Khawlian

CHAPTER – 5

ADMINISTRATIVE PREPAREDNESS FOR DIFFERENT HAZARDS

PREPAREDNESS RESPONSIBILITY # Setting up Control room and manning of Control room round the clock # Assignment of duties to the District level officials # Arrangement of vehicle and sound system for information dissemination # Coordination of NGO and assignment of duty # Proper keeping of record and transmission of

* All District level officials D.C Addl. D.C Nodal Officer Nodal Officer of NGO & all line

49

Information to all the levels # Holding of Natural Calamity meeting # Ensure functioning of warning systems # Create awareness with the target groups # Ensure Mock Drill

departments

1. EVACUATION:

PREPAREDNESS RESPONSIBILITY # To warn people about the impending danger & to leave for safer places # To coordinate with NGO and other line department # Arrangement of vehicles, etc for evacuation # Evacuate people of marooned areas and administer emergent relief works # Organized trained task force members # Deployment of police for maintaining low & order and peace keeping during evacuation # Mobilize people to go to identified / safer shelters

* D.C * Nodal Officer * Police * Home guard * Fire & Emergency Service * NGO/ CYMA

2. SEARCH AND RESCUE

PREPAREDNESS RESPONSIBILITY # Deployment of Police /Fire Services for search & rescue # Coordination with NCC/NSS/Home guard/Adventure Club etc for rescue operation. # Ensure availability of rescue materials. # Prepare inventory of resources and map indicating the shelter. # Provide & arrange Rescue Kit at risk areas.

* Police * Fire * NGO/CYMA *Adventure Club * NSS/NCC * PWD

3. FIRST AID AND MEDICAL PREPAREDNESS RESPONSIBILITY # Deployment of Medical staff # Stock pilling of Life saving drugs /ORS packets/ Halogen tablets # Treatment of the injured persons and Transportation of the injured to Hospital # Awareness message to stop the outbreak of epidemics. # Disease surveillance and transmission of reports to the Higher authorities on a daily basis. # Vaccination to affected areas. # Constitute mobile teams and visit the worst affected areas. # Disinfection of Drinking water resources.

* CMO (East) & (West) * Nodal Officer, H&FW * DVO * NGOs/CYMA * District First Aid Team

50

# Identification of site operation camps. # To obtain/transmit information on natural calamities to District Emergency Control Room. # Advance inoculation programme in the Flash flood/Landslide prone areas. # Arrangement of fodder/medicines for the animals # Vaccination site operation camps, Carcasses & Disposals. 4. SHELTER MANAGEMENT PREPAREDNESS RESPONSIBILITY # Identification of Shelter/Temporary shelter in a safer place and arrangement of tents etc. # Arrangement of Food/Drinking Water /Medicine in the shelter places. # Person’s allocation for each shelter. # Arrangement of transportation. # Arrangement of safe shelter for animals # Providing the lighting facilities for shelter places # Deployment of Police Personnel for shelter places # Temporary supply of safe drinking water.

* ASO-I, Aizawl * DCSO’E’ & ‘W’ * SE ( PHE) * SE (P& E) * SP Aizawl * DVO, Aizawl

5. RELIEF COORDINATION PREPAREDNESS RESPONSIBILITY # Deployment of vehicles # Procurement and transportation of Relief materials to affected pockets/ areas # Arrangement of free kitchen in the shelter camps & affected areas. # Assigning responsibilities to officials for distribution of Emergent relief/running of free kitchen # Coordinating with the NGOs /Other voluntary organization & PSUs /UNICEF/UNDP/Red Cross for continuing Relief operation # Monitoring the whole process of Relief works.

* DLAO * DTO * DSWO * Central Y.M.A * MHIP Gen Hqtrs * MUP Gen Hqrts

6. HEALTH AND SANITATION PREPAREDNESS RESPONSIBILITY # List of the Medical staff members with contact address/Telephone number

* CMO ‘E’ & ‘W’

51

# Stock position of medicines at District/ sub-division/PHC/CHC/Health Sub-Centre # Plan and indent position of stock # Trained voluntary staff/task forces/ Anganwadi workers on use and providing minimum Health services to the community # Arrangement of Mobile Health unit for inaccessible pockets/Health awareness campaign # Stock position for medicine for animals # Ensuring supply of safe drinking water arrangement for supply of safe drinking water # Disinfection for purification of water # Arrangement of mobile team and assigning specific operational area for supply of water # Involvement of volunteers/village level workers.

* DLAO * DVO, Aizawl

CHAPTER - 6

DISTRICT LEVEL INSITUTIONAL MECHANISM FOR MANAGEMENT

OF DISASTERS District has been and continues to be the pivotal and centre of rural administration in normal time in the country. Its roles and responsibilities in times of disaster as well have great importance. Taking this situation into consideration, the state government has

52

constituted DDMA at the District level to look after disaster management and emergency response. (Vide No. B 13011/17/2006-REH dated 6th June, 2006). The Authority which is chaired by the Deputy Commissioner, co-chaired by Project Director, DRDA (for Aizawl District) comprising the Superintendent of Police, Chief Medical Officer, Executive Engineer PWD, Executive Engineer, PHE and Additional Deputy Commissioner as the members. The Addl. DC will acts as Chief Executive Officer of the Authority. This body has full authority in any sphere of disaster management in normal time as well as during and after disaster strikes in the district. 6.1. DISTRICT DISATER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY: As per the government notification No cited above, the following are the composition of DDMA and its powers and functions: The members of the DDMA shall be: 1. Chairperson : Deputy Commissioner (Ex-Officio) 2. Co-Chairperson : Project Director, DRDA 3. Members : 1) Superintendent of Police.

2) Chief Medical Officer. 3) Executive Engineer, PWD (Govt. nominated) 4) Executive Engineer, PHE (Govt. Nominated)

1. Chief Executive Officer : Additional Deputy Commissioner

Power & Functions: Subject to the provisions under the Disaster Management Act,

2005 and in accordance with the guidelines laid down by the National Authority and the State Authority, the District Authority shall act as the planning, coordinating and implementing body for disaster management in the District and shall also be responsible for the following:- (i) Prepare a District Management Plan, including District Response Plan for the District. (ii) Coordinate and monitor the implementation of National Policy, State Policy, National Plan, State plan and District Plan. (iii) Ensure that the areas in the District vulnerable to disaster are indentified and measures for the preventions of disasters and mitigation of its effects are undertaken by all the District Level Government Departments and the local authorities. (iv) Ensure that the guide line for prevention of disasters, mitigation of its effects, preparedness and response measures as laid down by the National Authority and the State Authority are followed by all the District level State Government Departments and the local authorities.

53

(v) Give directions to different District level authorities and local authorities to take such other measures for the prevention or mitigation of disaster as may be necessary. (vi) Monitor the implementation of Disaster Management plan prepared by the District Level Govt. Departments and local authorities. (vii) Lay down guidelines to be followed by the District Level State Government departments for the purpose of integration of measures for prevention of disaster and mitigation in their development plans and projects and provide necessary technical assistance therefore, and monitoring the implementation of such measures. (viii) Review the capabilities for responding to any disaster or threatening disaster situation in the District and give directions to the relevant Departments or authorities at the District level for their up-gradation as may be necessary. (ix) Review the preparedness measures and give directions to the District level or other concerned authorities, where necessary, for bringing the preparedness measures to the levels required for responding effectively to any disaster or threatening disaster situation. (x) Organise and coordinate specialized training programme for different levels of officers, employees and voluntary rescue workers in the District. (xi) Facilitate Community training and awareness programmes for prevention of disaster or mitigation with the support of local authorities, Governmental and non-governmental organizations. (xii) Set up, maintain, review and upgrade the mechanism for early warning and dissemination of proper information to the public. (xiii) Prepare, review and upgrade the District level Response Plan and Guidelines. (xiv) Coordinate response to any threatening disaster situation of disaster. (xv) Ensure that the District Level Government Departments and local authorities prepare their response plans in accordance with the District Response Plan. (xvi) Lay down guideline, or give directions to the concerned District Level State Government Departments or any other authorities within the local limits of the District, to take measures to respond effectively to any threatening disaster or disaster. (xvii) Advise, assist and coordinate the activities of the District Level State Government Departments, statutory bodies and other governmental or non-governmental organizations engaged in disaster management in the District. (xviii) Coordinate with, and give guidance to, local authorities in the District to ensure that measures for the prevention or mitigation or threatening disaster situation or disaster in the District are carried out promptly and effectively. (xix) Provide necessary technical assistance or give advice to the local authorities in the District for carrying out their functions effectively. (xx) Review the developmental plans prepared by the District level

54

State Government Departments, statutory authorities or local authorities with a view to make necessary provisions therein for prevention of disaster or mitigation. (xxi) Examine the construction in any area in the District and, if it is of the opinion that the standards for the prevention of disaster or mitigation laid down for such construction is not being, or has not been followed, may direct the concerned authority to take such actions as may be necessary to secure compliance of such standards. (xxii) Identify buildings and places which could, in the event of any threatening disaster or disaster, be used as relief centres and make arrangements for water supply and sanitation in such buildings and places. (xxiii) Establish stock piles of relief and rescue materials or ensure preparedness to make such materials available at a short notice. (xxiv) Provide information to the State Authority relating to different aspects of disaster management. (xxv) Encourage the involvement of NGOs and voluntary social welfare institutions working at the grass root level in the District for disaster management. (xxvi) Ensure that communication systems are in order, and disaster management drills are carried out periodically. (xxvii) Perform such other functions as the State Government or State Authority may assign to it or as deems necessary for disaster management in the District. 6.2. DISTRICT CRISIS MANAGEMENT GROUP (CORE GROUP): There shall be a District Crisis Management Group at the District Headquarters. The DCMG is meant exclusively for disaster/crisis situation. It will be working under the DDMA and is to be functioned as Core Group to take emergency decisions in disaster situations. This group convenes emergency meeting only and when there is an emergency situation in the district. In normal condition the group is expected to meet biannually to assess the situation whereas in case of disasters it has to meet frequently with the following functions.

6.2.1. Functions:

a) Monitor the whole situation b) Assist the Deputy Commissioner cum Incident Commander

to take appropriate decision in managing the disaster. c) Deciding the way of immediate operation in disaster relief

and rehabilitation works. d) Any other as per the need of the time.

The following shall be the members:

55

Core Group/Crisis Management Group will work under the direct supervision of the Addl. DC (G) who is also the Chief Executive Officer of the DDMA. This group is only for crisis situation.

1. Additional DC(G) -

Chairman/Leader 2. SDO(S) - Member 3. Additional S.P, Aizawl - Member 4. Additional S.P, Traffic - Member 5. E.E (Building Div. – I), PWD - Member 6. E.E (SLDC), P&E - Member 7. E.E (AWD Div.), PHE - Member 8. Representative of CYMA - Member 9. EAC(P)/ Nodal Officer, DM&R - Recording

Secretary

There will be two Teams under the supervision and control of District Crisis Management Group, namely:

1. Relief and Rehabilitation Team: This Team is to assist and help the District Crisis Management

Group in Relief and Rehabilitation matters. The team will be responsible for all relief and rehabilitation related activities in the district, in case of disaster. It is their responsibility to prepare code of rehabilitation and updating it early in advance of a disaster. Other function of the group includes:

§ Preparation and updating of necessary formats and

Performa for disaster assessment, monitoring, relief distribution and situation reports

§ Identifying storage spaces and go downs for collecting relief materials

§ Engaging into pre-contract well in advance § Fair and transparent distribution of relief materials § Prepare strategy for rehabilitation.

The Team, with the approval of the Crisis Management Group

shall have full power to occupy/ take over any vital installations, Viz. Schools, Colleges, Hospitals, Public Places, and other big institution where it feels that sufficient storage facility is there- for storage of relief materials or any other thing during or immediately after a disaster. The Group is to be headed by the Nodal Officer, DM&R. Other members:

1. Branch Officer, DM&R - Recording Secy.

56

2. One ADC/SDyM - Member 3. Concerned BDO (where disaster occurs) - Member 4. Chairman, DM Sub-Committee, CYMA - Member

2. Reconstruction Team: This team is to be functioned under the supervision of District

Crisis Management Group and is responsible for reconstruction of damages due to disaster. In order to restore normalcy in the affected site, it will explore all the possibilities of carrying out development work/project. The team is also responsible for matters relating to identification of new site for rein-station of damaged villages.

Member Composition: 1. EAC (Land & Building) : Team leader 2. ASO-II : Member 3. SDO(Building – I), PWD : Member 4. SDO(TC) : Recording Secretary

6.2.2. Crisis Management at Block/Zone Level:

In addition to the above, the following officers will be designated

as Site Incident Commander within their respective areas mentioned against their name. They are expected to reach the site of disaster as quickly as possible if disaster strikes within their specific areas/zones. They are to bring at the quickest possible time, the undesired derailment of normalcy, back on to the right track.

In this connection, each Zone officer is responsible to form Zone Crisis Management Group at the first instance and the same will be activated immediately.

Each Zone Crisis Management Group will work at the behest of Site Incident Commander. In case of the absence of the Zone Officer, all the responsibilities would be on his link’s head. Composition of each Zone CMG (except Aizawl City) shall be as follows:

Zone Name of Officer

Link Officer

Members Area covered

Sakawrdai Zone

SDO(C), Sakawrdai

BDO, Darlawn

1. M.O, Sakawrdai CHC

2. SDPO, Sakawrdai

3. Joint/Group YMA representati-ve

4. SDO/JE(PWD/PHE/P&E)

Kani, Mauchar, N.Tinghmun, Zohmun, Palsang, Kakawrdai, N.khawdungsei, Khawpuar, Vaitin, Thingsat, Luakchhuah, E.Damdiai, New Vervek, Lungsum

57

Darlawn Zone

BDO, Darlawn

SDO(C), Sakawrdai

1. M.O, Darlawn PHC

2. M.O, Khawruhlian PHC

3. O/C, Darlawn P/S

4. Joint/Group YMA representative 5. SDO/JE(PWD/

PHE/P&E)

Ratu, Sunhluchhip, Sailutar, darlawn, N.Serzawl, Sawleng, Chhanchhuahna, Kepran, E.Phaileng, Pehlawn, LKhawruhlian, Hmunnghak, Khanpui, Lailak

Saitual Zone

SDO(C), Saitual

BDO, Thingsulthliah

1. M.O, Saitual CHC

2. O/C, Saitual P/S

3. Joint/Group YMA representative

4. SDO/JE (PWD/PHE/P&E)

Saitual, Sihfa, Buhban, N.Lungpher, Tualbung, Dilkhan, Keifang, Ruallung, Tawizo, Rulchawm, Maite, Mualpheng, Lenchim.

Thingsulthliah Zone

BDO, Thi- ngsulthliah

ASO-II 1. M.O, Thingsulthliah PHC

2. O/C, Bawngkawn P/S



Thingsulthliah, Sesawng, Thingsul- Tlangnuam, Darlawng, Tlungvel, Phulmawi

Aibawk Zone

BDO, Aibawk

BDO, Tlangnuam

1. M.O, Aibawk PHC

2. M.O, Sialsuk PHC

3. O/C, Kulikawn P/S

4. O/C, Sialsuk P/S

5. SDO (Hmuifang/Sateek Sub- Div, PWD)

Villages under Aibawk Block

58

6. J.E, PHE/P&E 7. Joint/Group

YMA representative

Phullen Zone

BDO, Phullen

SDO(C), Saitual

1. M.O, Phullen PHC

2. M.O, Suangpuilawn PHC

3. M.O, Phuaibuang PHC

4. O/C, Saitual P/S



Villages under Phullen RD Block

AIZAWL CITY AREA

Zone Name of Officer

Link Officer Area covered

Zone - I

Election Officer

DCSO ‘W’

Hlimen,Melthum, Saikhamakawn, Tlangnuam, Kulikawn, Venghnuai, Dam Veng, Mualpui, Thakthing, Salem Veng

Zone - II

DCSO ‘W’

Election Officer

Mission Veng, Mission Vengthlang, Model Veng, New Secretariat Complex, Bungkawn, Bungkawn Vengthar, Maubawk, Lawipu, Nursery Veng

Zone – III

ASO-I

DCSO ‘E’

Tuikhuahtlang, Khatla, Khatla S, Tuikual S, Tuikual N, Kanan, Dinthar, Dawrpui Vengthar

Zone – IV

ASO – II

ADC

Upper Republic, Republic, Republic Vengthlang, ITI, College Veng, Venghlui, Bethlehem, Bethlehem Vengthleng, Tuithiang, Saron Veng, Dawrpui

Zone – V

EAC (L&B)

EAC(DMR)/

ASO-II (DMR)

Chhinga Veng, Armed Veng, Armed Veng S, Chite, Electric Veng, Zarkawt, Aizawl Venglai

Zone – VI

SDO(S)

EAC(DMR)

Ramthar, Ramthar N, Ramhlun S, Ramhlun Sport Complex,

59

Ramhlun Venglai, Ramhlun Vengthar

Zone – VII

DCSO ‘E’

ASO-I

Chaltlang, Laipuitlang, Ramhlun N, Bawngkawn, Bawngkawn Chhimveng

Zone – VIII

SDyM

ADC

Muanna Veng, Thuampui, Zuangtui, Falkland, Zemabawk, Zemabawk N

Zone – IX

ADC

SDyM

Durtlang Leitan, Durtlang, Durtlang N, Selesih, Sihphir, Sihphir Vengthar, Nausel, Neihbawih, Muthi

Zone - X

ADC

ASO-II

Chawnpui, Zotlang, Govt. Complex, Tanhril,Zonuam, Luangmual, Chawlhhmun, Sakawrtuichhun

Zone – XI

EAC(P)

SDO(S)

Vaivakawn, Hunthar, Edenthar, Chanmari W, Chanmari

Zone – XII

BDO,

Tlangnuam

ADC(P)

Tuirial Airfield, Sairang, Sihhmui, Sairang Dinthar, Lengpui, Phunchawng, Rangvamual, Lungleng-I, Lungleng N, Samtlang

The above officers are primarily responsible, within their

jurisdiction, for guiding local Village Disaster Management Committee which is chaired by each VCP and its teams involved in crisis response activities. They must ensure that whether all necessary arrangements were put in place or not in a phase-desired manner. They will function as a link officer between the District Crisis Management Group and local communities. They may requisition necessary rescue equipments/vehicles in consultation with the district administration. 6.3. DISTRICT WORKING GROUP DURING NORMAL PERIOD: DDMA is a multi-disciplinary committee. It is broad in nature. The major functions of this committee are related to preparedness, mitigation and planning of disaster management. In order to simplify the functions of DDMA, three working groups shall be constituted in Aizawl District with certain focussed functions as below: 1) Working Group for Preparedness:

This group will be responsible for pre-disaster scenarios/ normal

period only. It may direct and review the preparedness measures in the district. It also assists the DDMA in coordinating various activities in line departments and organizations. The major preparedness measures are:

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§ Ensure follow-up actions by concerned stakeholders of the decisions taken by the DDMA

§ Facilitate preparation of disaster management in different departments.

§ Lobbying for policy formulation for disaster management. The group is to be headed by the Addl. DC (G). He will be

assisted by the following: 1. Nodal Officer, DM&R 2. Branch officer, DM&R 3. District Field Officer (Planning) 4. All staff under DM&R Branch

2) Working Group for Mitigation:

This group is to assist the DDMA in its mitigation strategies. The group will work for a link between the DDMA and its agencies involved in the Disaster Management activities.

This group is also for the disaster management plan updating. They have to review the existing district plan annually and suggest amendment in it. Each revised version of the district plan shall be circulated to each member of the DDMA and ESF timely. Similarly they will look after plan documents of all line departments and suggest modifications as well as monitor progress of community/ school/hospital DM plan preparation.

The group is to be headed by the Addl. DC (G). He will be assisted by the following:

1) SDO(S) 2) Nodal Officer, DM&R 3) Branch Officer, DM&R 4) District Field Officer(Planning) 5) All staff under DM&R Branch

3) Working Group for Capacity Building & Training:

This group is exclusively for capacity building and training on

disaster management. Major activities include the following: § Overlooking and monitoring awareness programmes of the

public and government departments. § Organising training and capacity Building Programmes for

the task forces, various committees and staff of line departments.

§ Initiate and monitor mock drills in various levels. § Facilitate preparation of disaster management in

schools/hospital etc. § Initiate and monitor mock drills at various levels.

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The group is to be headed by Addl. DC (G). He will be assisted by the following:

1. Nodal Officer, DM&R 2. Branch Officer, DM&R 3. District Field Officer (Training) 4. All staff under DM&R Branch.

CHAPTER - 7 TRIGGER MECHANISM FOR DIFFERENT FUNCTIONARIES

Once information about occurrence of disaster within the

district has been received in the district EOC or an office of the District Magistrate, the Incident Commander shall take the following actions.

1. Convene meeting of District Disaster Management Authority/

Committee. 2. If required, requisition the service of State Disaster Response

Force i.e, 1st Bn MAP, Armed Veng. 3. Disseminate warning/alert to the potential victims. 4. Disseminate information to vertical and horizontal EOCs. 5. Disseminate information to vertical and horizontal

administrators and DMTs through appropriate means. 6. Declare Disaster based on the severity/vulnerability. 7. If necessary the state government may be requested to help it

out manage the disaster. 8. Nodal Officer(DM&R) and Staff under the district administration

or SDO(C)/BDO of the concerned area may be detailed to go to the spot and functioned as an On-Site Incident Commander at the disaster site.

9. For effective maintenance of disaster, the Deputy Commissioner may appoint the Additional Deputy Commissioner (G), who is also the Chief Executive Officer of the DDMA as a Crisis Manager to look after the working of various Quick Response Teams.

10.Vigil strictly whether the action plan/responsibilities assigned to various departments, as mentioned in the following, are undertaken properly or not.

Since disaster management is a multi faceted discipline that

needs different mechanisms with diverse methodology. The DDMA shall take immediate action for the fullest utilisation of resources available with the district as provided below and for effective management of disasters in the district, the following trigger mechanism has to be applied and followed in the district.

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7.1. For Police:

Police is the leading agency, which works under the operational control of the District Superintendent of Police. Hazard analysis of Aizawl district indicates that there is mainly risk of earthquake, landslides, Cyclone, fires, road accidents. In view of hazard scenario in the district, the role of Police department will include: I. Evacuation of the affected people II. Security of the property of affected people and law and order

maintenance in affected area. III. Traffic management leading to affected area. IV. To ensure non-violation of Essential Commodity Act. Response Activation The Nodal Officer of Mizoram Police will activate the Quick Response Teams. The Quick Response Teams will be deployed at the Onsite EOCs. Actions to be taken: If felt, cordoning off area to restrict movement of onlookers, vehicular and pedestrian traffic should be done. Quick assessment of law and order situation in affected areas. Prepare updates on the law and order situation every 2– 3 hours and brief the Incident Commander. Arrangements for controlling situations like rioting and looting. QRTs will guard property and valuables in affected areas. Control and monitor traffic movement. QRTs will also provide information about traffic flow along various corridors, especially heavy traffic or congested roads. QRTs will communicate to police control rooms, details on the field activities including deployment and reinforcement of staff and resources and communicate nature of additional requirements. Equipments to be brought: Search Lights. Electric Lights. Crane-Heavy Duty Fork Type. Recovery Van. Stretches. Rope Vehicles: Mini Buses, Heavy Truck Any other. 7.2. For Fire and Emergency Service:

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In case of fire related disaster, the nearest Fire Station/ Sub-

Station from the disaster site will take the responsibility of managing the incident. It will be headed by Officer In-charge of that Station. For the Capital City of Aizawl the Addl. Superintendent of Police/Dy. Superintendent of Police of Fire & Emergency Services and Station Officer, Aizawl Fire Station will supervise all the works carried out by the F&ES personnel. Response Activation: As soon as the Nodal Officer gets information about the disaster, he should reach the EOC. The Quick Response Teams will be deployed at the Onsite EOCs. At the site, QRTs should contact the local volunteers and local people to gather information about vulnerable areas so that search and rescue operation can take place through a proper channel in heavily dense areas, large buildings, community centres, hotels, hospitals, public buildings and any other area having large gathering. Locate the damaged and collapsed structures and rescue the population buried and trapped in rubble. Special care to women and children groups should be given as they are expected to be more affected and helpless in case of any emergency situation. Coordinate with the Transportation ESF if a large number of medical professionals need to be sent to the affected sites and/or a large number of victims need to be transported to health facilities. Equipments to be brought: Water Tender. Ladder Platforms. Concrete Cutter. Other equipments necessary for Search and Rescue Operations, depends upon need.

As soon as Fire and Emergency services gets information about the disaster, the nodal officer/ duty officer shall, if felt necessary, call the PHE department for help to arrange other trips of water or provide water from the nearest source available as early as possible. (Ref: Action Plan for PHE) 7.3. For Home Guards:

Home Guard is the leading combat agency, which works under the operational control of the police and overall administrative control of the District Collector. Hazard analysis of Aizawl district indicates that there is risk of earthquake, landslides, Cyclone, fires, building collapse, accidents etc. In view of hazard scenario in the district, the role of Home guards department will include:

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I. Search & rescue of people II. Evacuation of people from affected areas

Within the administrative structure prevalent in the district, home

guard organization utilizes the services of its local volunteers to supplement the manpower resources of the Police Department in the maintenance of law & order, search, rescue and evacuation operations in case of disaster. Response Activation: As soon as the Nodal Officer gets information about the disaster, reach the EOC. The Quick Response Teams will be deployed at the three sites. As per information received from Incident Management Team (IMT), more officers may be sent at site. Actions to be taken: Support and coordinate with Police Department in Law and Order, Search and Rescue and Medical Response and Trauma Counselling functions. Locate the damaged and collapsed structures and rescue the population buried and trapped in rubble. Special care to women and children groups should be given as they are expected to be more affected and helpless in case of any emergency situation. In case of fire, the volunteers should help F&ES do fire fighting. First Aid should be provided along with the members of ESF on Medical Response. Do Search and Rescue work. Equipments to be brought: Extension Ladders. Sledge Hammers. Lifting Tackles. Stretchers. Tarpaulins/Silpaulins. Rope Any Other 7.4. For Power & Electricity: In the event of natural calamities, the State Load Despatching Centre (SLDC) will be used as Nodal Cell within the Department and the Cell is responsible for managing all necessary actions in

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connection with restoration of power supply after occurrence of disaster anywhere in district. Contact Number of officers of SLDC Cell, which may be functioned as members of Quick Response Team is:

1. Er. C.Lianlunga, SE - 2311394/9436142332

2. Er. SK Dey EE - 2340680/9436144013

3. Er. Saphnehzova EE(P) - 2311397/9862626299 4. Er. H. Zoliana EE(MRT) - 2351291/9436154910 5. Er. Lalremruata SDO -

2311394/9436159298 6. Er. Lalnunsanga AE -

2340680/9436144651 7. Er. Zodingliana SDO -

2351346/9436143078 Response Activation: As soon as the Nodal Officer gets information about the disaster reach the EOC. The Quick Response Teams will be deployed at the sites. Actions to be taken: Will dispatch emergency repair teams equipped with tools, tents and food. Assist hospitals in establishing an emergency supply by assembling generators and others emergency equipments, if necessary. The members of QRTs will establish temporary electricity supplies for other key public and private water systems. The members of QRTs will make arrangements for temporary electricity supplies for transit camps, feeding centres, relief camps and Onsite EOC, District EOC and on access roads to the same. The members of QRTs will establish temporary electricity supplies for relief materials go downs. Compile an itemized assessment of damage, from reports made by various electrical receiving centres and sub-centres. Equipments to be brought:

All material required for restoration of supply available with the department in Field Offices/Stores.

7.5. For M.P.R.O. (Wireless): Actions to be taken:

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As soon as the Nodal Officer of MPRO or Superintendent of Police (Wireless) gets information about disaster, Control Room has to be activated. If necessary, he may direct the District Inspector (Wireless) to send the reliable operators as Quick Response Team to the site of disaster, Hospital etc. so that every incident can be communicated to the Control Room and to the District Emergency Operation Centre. Equipments to be brought: W.T Set Hand Held Set Secondary Batteries and Generators 7.6. For BSNL:

The BSNL is primarily responsible for restoration of communication facilities. The BSNL should ensure the smooth flow of information that can cater to the outreach in a time sensitive manner at state level in response efforts.

Response Activation: Soon after receiving information about disaster (from any source). Nodal Officer will contact State/District Emergency Operations Centre. The Nodal Officer from BSNL will activate the Quick Response Teams. As per the information from Incident Management Team, more teams may be deployed at affected sits. Action to be taken: Communicate situation to support agencies (Reliance, Airtel, NIC etc.) and request for detailed information on the status of equipment and infrastructure damage in the affected area(s). Launch assessment mission to understand better the nature of damage to telecom services and network. Ensure possible arrangements for establishing reliable and appropriate network. Work out a plan of action for private telecom companies and convene a meeting to discuss and finalize the modalities. Compile and communicate Action Taken Report to District and State Authorities. New numbers and details of contact persons to be communicated to Emergency Operations Centre (District/State). Mobile exchanges should be deployed as alternative mode of communication for authorities and general public. Establish telephone facilities for the public and information on this should be announced through media.

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Monitor the situation and arrange for emergency staff required to operate systems established. Inform district/state authorities on debris clearness of the work required. Launch rehabilitation work and arrange for repairs and relocation, if required. Make available various types of equipment/ material/technical manpower and services, if requested. Equipments to be brought: Emergency Communication Van with GSM and CDMA services. Other necessary equipments to restore communication network/set-up alternative emergency communication. 7.7. For Private Mobile Operators: Though the BSNL is primarily responsible for restoration of communication facilities, the private operators should also ensure the smooth flow of information that can cater to the outreach in a time-sensitive manner at state level in response efforts. Response Activation: Soon after receiving information about the calamity (from any source), Nodal Officer will contact Team Leader from BSNL. The Nodal Officer will activate the Quick Response Team. The Quick Response Teams will be deployed at the three incident sites. As per the information from Incident Management Team, more teams may be deployed at the affected sites. Action to be taken: Communicate situation to BSNL and arrange for detailed information on the status of equipment and infrastructure damage in the affected area(s). Launch assessment mission to understand better the nature of damage to telecom services and network. Ensure possible arrangements for establishing reliable and appropriate network. Work out a plan of action for restoration and convene a meeting to discuss and finalize the modalities. Compile and communicate Action Taken report to BSNL. New numbers and details of contact persons to be communicated to Emergency Operations Centre District/State). Mobile exchanges should be deployed as alternative mode of communication for authorities and general public.

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Establish telephone facilities for the public and information on this should be announced through media. Monitor the situation and arrange for emergency staff required to operate systems established. Inform district/state authorities on debris clearance of the work required. Launch rehabilitation work and arrange for repairs and relocation, if required. Make available various types of equipment/material/technical manpower and services, if requested. Equipments to be brought: Emergency Communication Van with GSM services. Other necessary equipments to restore communication network/set-up alternative emergency communication. 7.8. For I & PR Department:

The following tasks will be taken up by the department of I&PR in liaise with the District Disaster Management Authority/Committee.

The first step to be taken is to alert the Police Department and Hospital to take charge of the situation by giving them the necessary information regarding what type of disaster had occurred and what kind of assistance is needed. If it is the case of fire, Fire and Emergency Department will also be informed. The Media, All India Radio, DDK and Local Cable Network will also be informed so that they can be publicized.

The Rapid Response Team headed by one reliable I & PR Officer, Aizawl will be sent to the place where the crisis had happened.

Equipment to be brought: Portable PA set, camera (Video and Still camera) etc. They will

set up the information center. The Information and Public Relations Officer will be in charge of the following: 1. Interviewing of the eye witness to learn how the incidents had occurred. 2. Making necessary announcement at the place of the crisis with portable P.A Set so that the people in the locality will know what exactly was happening and also to control the mob as the chaos can cause further damage and can deter the works of the rescue teams. 3. Recording the number of casualties. 4. Identifying the death bodies if any and informed the family of those who are injured or died. And the announcement regarding the

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victim’s identity will be announced from time to time so that their family can be informed easily. 5. Since the people in the area, the family of the victims and the volunteers will need the assistance of the police, medical team and other rescue team, the IPRO will make known the public a telephone number of such services from time to time. 6. Announcement, if any person is needed, will also be made from the information centre set up at the affected area so that the responsible person can responds immediately. 7. Since wrong information can cause a chaos among people, the IPRO will issue information to the press and media so that they can give out correct information to the public. 8. All the information collected will be sent to the Main Information Center i.e. Directorate of Information and Public Relations Office, at regular interval and the material needed so that the required material can be sent to the site immediately Recording of the incidents is a must and it should be covered by video recording as well as by a still camera so that the public can view and know exactly what was happening at the place of incidents. The Photographers and Technicians will be in charge of this. For giving out instruction and information, a clear sound system is also needed and the technician will be in charge of this. 7.9. For Public Works Department: The nodal officers will call for personal to immediately start debris clearance operation to enable movement to the affected site. Nodal Officer: Name/Designation/Office address Residential address

Phones with STD code e-mail

Er. R.Vanlaltluanga

9436142851 (M)

Chief Engineer, PWD, Buildings

0389-2301538 (O)

Tuikhuahtlang

0389-2301553 (F)

M-2/20 Chhinga Veng Aizawl 0389-2322097 (R)

E-mail – [email protected]

Alternate Officer:

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Name/Designation/Office/address Residential address


Er. J. Zothanpuia, SE (P).

9862564215 (M)

CE, Building Office

0389-2301539 (O)

Tuikhuahtlang

0389-2301553 (Fax)

Resi Address : Chawlhhmun 0389-2330891 (R)

Actions to be taken: The equipments like JCB, concrete cutters identified as per the need will be transported to the site. On receiving intimation on the intensity of the damages of structure, the nodal officer will make an assessment on of the damages of roads and structures reported at the site and surrounding areas. A review of the current situation should be taken up by the nodal agency to update the support agencies to delegate their respective personnel to take precautionary measure to plan de-routes for the transportation ESF’s to be operational. All supporting agencies will inspect the road/rail network and structures within the disaster site and surrounding. Ensure proper corpse disposal and post mortem by coordinating with ESF on medical response. Assessment of damage (locations, no. of structures damaged, severity of damage). The QRTs will be deployed at the affected site. Enlisting the types of equipment as compiled from resource inventory required for conducting the debris clearance. The QRTs will report the situation and the progress in response activities to the respective EOCs. Undertake construction of temporary roads to serve as access to temporary transit and relief camps, and medical facilities for disaster victims. Undertake repair of all paved and unpaved road surfaces including edge metalling, pothole patching and any failure of surface, foundations in the affected areas by maintenance engineer’s staff and keep monitoring their conditions. Ensure a critical number of medical professionals to reach the site including specialists from outside the state. If temporary living arrangements are being made from the affected populace, the agencies must ensure high standards of sanitation in settlements in order to prevent the multiplicity of the disaster.

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Coordinate, direct, and integrate response to provide Equipments support, relief camps establishment, and sanitation health assistances. Mobilizes different modes of transportation e.g. Trucks, etc. to be put on stand-by. Assist timely re-establishment of the critical transportation links. Compile an itemized assessment of damage, from reports made by various receiving centres and sub-centres. Equipments to be brought: JCB, concrete breakers, cranes, Grader, Bulldozers, Gas Cutter, Jack Hammer, Tipper for debris/road clearance, supporting rescue operations. Vehicles (Trucks), Earth movers, rescue equipments Other disaster management related equipments.

List of Quick Response Team Members

Name/Designation/Office/address Residential address


Team Leader

Er., Lalruata Sailo, SE, PWD 9436142595 (M)

Project Circle, 0389-2314169 (O)

Treasury Square 0389-2314169 (F)

Resi Add : Chaltlang, Aizawl 0389- 2341148 (R)

Alternate – I Team Leader

Lalmuana, SE 9436152755 (M)

Building Circle, Treasury Square 0389-2323346 (O)

Resi Add : Kulikawn 0389-2325755 (R)

Alternate – II Team Leader

R. Laldawngliana, SE 9436152606 (M)

Mechanical Circle, 0389-2341090 (O)

Laipuitlang 0389-2341090 (F)

Resi Add : Republic veng, Aizawl 0389-2301318 (R)

Alternate - III Team Leader

George Lalzuia, Sr. Architect 9436155812 (M)

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CE (Buildings), PWD, Office 0389-2322891 (O)

Tuikhuahtlang 0389-2322891 (F)

Resi Add : Zonuam, Aizawl 0389-2320938 (R)

7.10. For PHE: Response Activation: Upon receipt of notification about disaster, nodal officer will activate quick response teams. The quick response teams will be deployed at the sites. Action to be taken: Quick assessment of water line damage and contamination. Supply of water tankers to disaster affected communities. Deploy response teams to repair and restore water supply lines that may be damages after disaster. Quick assessment of water contamination levels and taking steps to restore clean drinking water. Provide information to IMT, district EOC and state EOC about extent of damage. Equipments/Materials to be brought to site Water tankers.

As soon as the department gets information about the disaster – especially in fire, the nodal officer/ duty officer shall, if requested by Fire & Emergency services officials, cooperate and liaise with them to arrange at the disaster site or the nearest point, a trip(HMV) of water for Fire Tender quickly. It is necessary for the Fire Tender to get another trip of water in a short time so as not to turn such disaster from bad to worst. The following Quick Response Team (QRT) of PHE Department at the Field Level may be utilized keeping their operational areas in mind: 1. For Aizawl south areas, the following designated team members may be informed. Office : Tuikhuahtlang Area of Operation : Aizawl South

Name/Designation/Office address/Residential address Team Leader: Er. Lalhmachhuana Superintending Engineer, PHED Office of the Superintending Engineer, Aizawl Circle

Phones with STD code e-mail (0) 0389 – 2323355 ( R) 0389 – 2340689 (Fax) 0389 - 2323672

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Distribution Division, Tuikhuahtlang, AizawlRamhlun North, Aizawl.

(Mobile) 9436141233 (e-mail)

Alternate Team Leader: Er. C. Lallunghnema Superintending Engineer, PHED Sewerage & Sanitation Circle, Aizawl Mission vengthlang, Aizawl.

(0) 0389 – 2301691 ( R) 0389 – 2312836 (Fax) 0389 - (Mobile) 9436141286 (e-mail)

Member 1: Er. H. Duhkima Executive Engineer(AWD), PHED Office of the Executive Engineer, PHE, Aizawl Water Distribution Div, Tuikhuahtlang, Aizawl Thakthing Damveng,


Member 2: Er. Pahmingthanga Executive Engineer(AWSP), PHED Office of the Executive Engineer (AWSP) Aizawl Tuikhuahtlang. Zonuam, Aizawl.


Member 3: Pu C. Dorema Chief Chemist, State Referral Institute, PHED, Tuikhuahtlang, Aizawl Kulikawn, Khasi Veng, Aizawl.


Member 4: Er. Liantluanga Chohte Sub-Divisional Officer(South),PHED Office of the Sub-Divisional Officer, PHE, Aizawl Water Distribution Division (South) Sub-Division Tuikhuahtlang, Aizawl Zemabawk, Aizawl


Member 5: Pu Denghmingthanga Junior Engineer, PHED Office of the Sub-Divisional Officer, PHE, Aizawl Water Distribution Division (South) Sub-Division Tuikhuahtlang, Aizawl Tuikhuahtlang , Aizawl.

( R) 0389 – 2313129 (Fax) 0389 - (Mobile) 9436140087 (e-mail)

They are to undertake Information, Communication,

Coordination and Supervision of Water Supply in the Aizawl South areas if call for.

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2. For Aizawl West areas, the following designated team members may be informed. Office : Maubawk Area of Operation : Aizawl West

Name/Designation/Office address/Residential address Team Leader : Er. C. Lallunghnema Superintending Engineer, PHED Sewerage & Sanitation Circle, Aizawl Mission vengthlang, Aizawl.

Phones with STD code e-mail (0) 0389 – 2301691 ( R) 0389 – 2312836 (Fax) 0389 - (Mobile) 9436141286 (e-mail)

Alternate Team Leader : Er. Lalrinzuala Ralte Executive Engineer, PHED Office of the Executive Engineer, Aizawl Water Transmission Division, Maubawk, Aizawl Chaltlang, Aizawl


Member 1 : Er. N.L. Jaisi N-Sub-Divisional Officer(AWSP), PHED Office of the Executive Engineer, Aizawl Water Supply Project, Tuikhuahtlang, Aizawl. Dawrpui, Aizawl.


Member 2 : Er. K. Lalrintluanga Sub-Divisional Office (Tech.) PHED Office of the Sub-Divisional Officer, Mechanical Sub-Division, Maubawk, Aizawl Bawngkawn, Aizawl.

(0) 0389 – 2333770 ( R) 0389 – (Fax) 0389 - (Mobile) 9436772471 (e-mail)

Member 3 : Pu Pu Lalhmangaiha Junior Engineer, PHE Office of the Executive Engineer, Aizawl Water Transmission Division, Maubawk, Aizawl. Khatla, Aizawl.


Member 4 : Pu Rodingliana Junior Engineer, PHE Office of the Sub-Divisional Officer, Mechanical Sub-Division, Maubawk, Aizawl New Capital Complex

(0) 0389 – ( R) 0389 – (Fax) 0389 - (Mobile) 9436148011 (e-mail)

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Member 5 : Pu H. Doliana Office of the Sub-Divisional Officer, Mechanical Sub-Division, Maubawk, Aizawl Khatla High School Veng, Aizawl.

(0) 0389 – ( R) 0389 – 2321483 (Fax) 0389 - (Mobile) 9436156848 (e-mail)

They are to undertake Information, Communication, Coordination and Supervision of Water Supply in the Aizawl West areas if call for. 3. For Aizawl West areas, the following team members may be informed. Office : Zuangtui Area of Operation : Aizawl East

Name/Designation/Office address/Residential address Team Leader: Er. F. Liantluanga Superintending Engineer(P&W), PHED Office of the Engineer-in-Chief, PHED, Aizawl Ramhlun South, Aizawl.


Alternate Team Leader : Er. Zodinthari Executive Engineer, PHED Office of the Executive Engineer, Ground Water & Quality Control Division, Zuangtui, Aizawl Kulikawn, Aizawl


Member 1 : Er. Lalzawmliana Executive Engineer, PHED Office of the Engineer-in-Chief:PHED, Aizawl Tuikual C, Aizawl


Member 2: Er. Liantluanga Chohte Sub-Divisional Officer(South), PHED Office of the Sub-Divisional Officer, PHE, Aizawl Water Distribution Division (South) Sub-Division Tuikhuahtlang, Aizawl Zemabawk, Aizawl


Member 3: Er. K. Rohmingthanga Sub-Divisional Officer, PHED Office of the Ground Water & Quality Control Sub-Division, Zuangtui, Aizawl

(0) 0389 – 2350944 ( R) 0389 – (Fax) 0389 - (Mobile) 9436148134

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Khatla South, Aizawl

(e-mail)

Member 4: Pu Rotluanga Sub-Divisional Officer(Quality Control), PHED Office of the Sub-Divisional Officer, Quality ControlSub-Division, Zuangtui, Aizawl Ramhlun North, Aizawl

(0) 0389 – 2350214 ( R)0389 – 2364738 (Fax) 0389 - (Mobile) 9862304091 (e-mail)

Member 5: Pu T.C. Vanlalhriata Junior Engineer, PHED Office of the Sub-Divisional Officer, PHE Quality Control, Zuangtui, Aizawl


They are to undertake Information, Communication, Coordination and Supervision of Water Supply in the Aizawl East areas if call for. 4. For Aizawl North areas, the following team members may be informed. Office : Laipuitlang Area of Operation : Aizawl North

Name/Designation/Office address/Residential address Team Leader: Er. Lalmuanzova Superintending Engineer, PHED Office of the Superintending Engineer, PHED, Rural WATSAN Circle, Chief Engineer, PHE Office Building, Aizawl Ramhlun North, Aizawl.


Alternate Team Leader : Er. Lalrinzuala Ralte Executive Engineer, PHED Office of the Executive Engineer, Aizawl Water Transmission Division, Maubawk, Aizawl Chaltlang, Aizawl

(0) 0389 – 2334260 ( R)0389 – 2346433 (Fax) 0389 - (Mobile) 9436146672 (e-mail)

Member 1: Er. H. Lalsiamliana Executive Engineer, PHED Office of the Rural WATSAN Division, Aizawl Kulikawn, Aizawl


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Member 2: Er. C. Lalhmahruaia Executive Engineer (S&D), PHE Office of the Executive Engineer (S&D), Aizawl Tuikhuahtlang, Aizawl Chaltlang, Aizawl


Member 3: Er. F. Lalsanglura Executive Engineer(M), PHED Office of the Chief Engineer(M&I), PHED, Aizawl Chaltlang, Aizawl

(0) 0389 – ( R)0389 – 2343472 (Fax) 0389 - (Mobile) 9436353979 (e-mail)

Member 4: Er. Lalrosangi Sub-Divisional Officer(Rural), PHED Office of the Executive Engineer, PHE, Rural WATSAN Sub-Division, Laipuitlang, Aizawl Kulikawn, Aizawl

(0) 0389 – 2349629 ( R) 0389 – 2310269 (Fax) 0389 - (Mobile) 9436196248

(e-mail)

Member 5: Pu Vanlallawma Junior Engineer, PHED Sectoral Officer, Chaltlang, Aizawl Chaltlang, Aizawl


They are to undertake Information, Communication,

Coordination and Supervision of Water Supply in the Aizawl East areas if call for. 7.11. For Department of Agriculture/Irrigation:

Flash flood is hazardous to wet rice cultivation during rainy season in the low-lying areas where big rivers flow. The outbreak of insects, pests and diseases can occur wherever crops are grown depending upon the suitability of the environmental conditions. The occurrence of other hazards like hailstorm, forest fire, cyclone, landslide, and heavy rainfall cannot be confined to a specific place, area, or district. District Agriculture Disaster Management Team has already been formed with the following members as the responsible persons.

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1. H.Thankhuma -Team Leader - 0389 – 2322206 (O) D.A.O., Aizawl 0389 – 2345364 (R) 9436151041 (M) 0389 – 2314498 (F) 2. H.Joela, SDAO - Alt. Leader 0389 – 2326090 (R) DAO Office, Aizawl 9436150252 (M) Team Members 1. Zokhuma Varte, SADO, Darlawn- 0389 –

2569421(O) 9436156219 (M) 2. Lalnunmawia, AEO - 0389 – 2316741(R) 9436190150 (M) 3. J.M.Dawngliana, AEO - 0389 – 2347418 (R) 4. H.Neihchhunga, AEO - 0389 – 2321925 (R) 9436152770 (M) 5. P.Vanlalngheta, AEO - 0389 – 2348582 (R) 9436154554 (M) 6. Lalsawmliana, AEO - 0389 – 2312159 (R) 9436350860 (M) 7. All the Circle Officers of Agriculture Circle in Aizawl District. The above team may function under the guidance of Deputy

Commissioner as Quick Response in Aizawl district.

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Response Activation: Team leader of ESF will activate Quick Response Team. QRTs will be deployed at all the sites. Action to be taken: QRT to report situation and progress of action to the EOC. Coordinate with Team Leader for water supply. Provide arrangements for transportation means across any river in case bridge network fails. 7.12. For Department of Horticulture: Response Activation: Team Leader of Quick Response Team of the Department will take immediate steps when receive information from the Deputy Commissioner. Actions to be taken: Preventive measure as far as possible and remedial measures when calamities occur in a form of Team outreach. On the spot verification to assess the extent of damage as well as seriousness of the disaster occur. Quick response by arranging all the necessary materials and equipments as well as man power to tackle the disaster. Immediate action to prevent further spread of the disaster occurs in a particular location in case of diseases and pest attack to crops. Immediate report of the crisis and the extent of damage to the higher authority whenever need arise.

1. Team Leader - Rosanglura Ralte, DHO (A) Ph. No. 2312996 (O) 2333871 (R) 9436141608 (M) 2. Alt. Leader - C.H. Lalmuanpuia, HDO (A) Ph. No. 2312997 (O) 2319190 (R) 9436365793 (M)

3. Members - All Circle Officers under District Horticulture Officer, Aizawl

7.13. For DCSO, FCS&CA:

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There are two DCSO’s viz. Aizawl E and Aizawl W. These two officers will be functioned as leader of Quick Response Team within their respective jurisdiction in any occurrence of disaster. They are to help each other if one could not cope with the situation without the other’s help in a desired manner. The Deputy Commissioner will activate necessary arrangement in this regard. Response Activation: Team leader will activate Emergency Support Function on receiving information of the disaster from District EOC. Team leader will inform Nodal Officers of support agencies about the event and ESF activation. Action to be taken: Coordinate with ESFs related to transportation, debris and road clearance to ensure quality supply chain management and relief materials. QRTs to report to site of relief camps. QRTs responsible for management and distribution of food and relief items to affected victims. QRTs responsible for reporting progress of action taken to EOC. Preparing take-home food packets for families. Ensuring support to local administration. Equipments/Materials to be brought to site: Food packets. 7.14. For DTO, Department of Transport: Response Activation: Team leader will activate ESF on receiving information of the disaster from District EOC. Team leader will inform Nodal Officers of support agencies about the event and ESF activation. Action to be taken: Team leader communicates situation to support agencies and requests for detailed information on the status of transportation infrastructure in the affected area(s). 7.15. For Army/Military:

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The Army/Military here denotes the Paramilitary Forces who are operated in the district like – the Assam Rifles, CRPF, and BSF etc. Though they are under the direct supervision of the central government, their services are very useful especially in the Search & Rescue works and First Aid management. They are actively participated to complement civil and police administration in times of disaster if requested to do so. It is therefore recommended that these forces may be informed and requested by the District Disaster Management Authority to extend their help especially in the Search & Rescue and First Aid response. Response Activation: Upon receipt of notification about disaster, nodal officer will activate quick response teams. The quick response teams will be deployed at the sites. Action to be taken: Support and coordinate with the Incident Command System for Law and Order, Search and Rescue, distribution of Relief material, Medical Response and Trauma Counselling functions. Locate the damaged and collapsed structures and rescue the population buried and trapped in rubble. Cordoning of area to restrict movement of onlookers, vehicular and pedestrian traffic should be done. Quick assessment of law and order situation in affected areas. 7.16. For CMO, Aizawl E&W: Response Activation:

On receipt of a warning of an impending Cyclone from the District EOC, CMO, E&W will immediately put their doctors and the paramedical staff on alert for preventing outbreak of epidemic. In case of occurrence of an earthquake all the staff of the CMOs will immediately report for duty in the concerned controlling authorities/ District Hospital/CHC/ PHC or the health sub centre, as the case may be. The CMO will try to mobilize additional manpower from the area not affected by earthquake to supplement the local resources of the affected area.

Supplementary resources:

The CMO will identify the external sources in the community and the market for procuring the equipment and medicine with the assistance of the District Crisis Management Group. In case of a disaster the CMO can request the services of the medical officers working in Private Hospitals, Private Doctors, and Nursing Homes and Doctors in District Hospital and during the period of such

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requisition those medical officers can work under the administrative control of CMO. Actions to be taken: Once the CMOs receive the message from District EOC and immediately put his doctors and the paramedical staff on alert. All the staff will seek instruction from Deputy Commissioner through CMO. The CMO will call doctors using name and address list of doctors in his office. Discharge all ambulatory patients whose release does not pose a health risk to them. If possible, they should be transported to their home areas. Non-ambulatory patients should be relocated to the safest areas within the hospital Request resources identified to immediately dispatch of supplies likely to be needed Prepare an area of the hospital for receiving large number of casualties Activate method of Triaging by tagging the victims

(Tagging is a process of prioritizing transfer of injured, based on first hand assessment of the medical officer on the disaster site)

CHAPTER - 8

CRISIS RESPONSE STRUCTURE :: INCIDENT RESPONE SYSTEMS

AT DEPUTY COMMISSSIONER’S OFFICE

9.1. Incident Response Systems

The Incident Response System is the Indian version of Incident Command System prevailed in the USA. The IRS for the District Administration in meant to help the different departments/ Emergency Support Functionaries working under the supervision of the Deputy Commissioner. Since various line departments played active role to deal with disaster, Officers and Staff of district administration are automatically bound to do the same at their leveled best leaving no stone unturned to meet any eventuality. This will help the decision maker make decision quickly and meaningfully. The IRS will also help in efficient supervision of different stakeholders; Unity of Command, Span of Control and Decentralization of responsibilities in different branches within the District administration in disaster situation.

The onset of emergency creates the need for time sensitive actions to save life and property reduce hardships and sufferings and restore essential life support and community systems, to mitigate further damage or loss and provide the foundation for subsequent

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recovery. Effective response planning requires realistic identification of likely response functions, assigning specific tasks to individual response agencies and supply of goods, commodities and services to the response agencies for performing the assigned tasks.

Considering this the District DM Plan has been developed with emphasis on Incident Response System (IRS). The IRS management toll will be more effective to handle the situation in proper way in the district within limited time.

8.2. Incident Response System at District Administration-

The Incident Response System is a management system and an on-scene, all risk, flexible modular system adaptable for natural as well as man-made disasters. The IRS has a number of attributes or system features. Because of these features, IRS has the flexibility and adaptability to be applied to a wide variety of incidents and events both large and small. The primary IRS management function include following five functions: Command Operations Planning Logistics Finance

The IRS seeks to strengthen the existing disaster response management system by ensuring that trained Incident Response Teams (IRTs)/ Quick Response Teams members have been trained in different facets of Disaster Response Managements back the designated controlling / responsible authorities at different levels.

The following Incident Response System has been adopted in

Aizawl District for responding any crisis occurred in the district. Each Officers and Staff of D.C’s Office is hereby appointed to various responsibilities to overcome any disaster smoothly and efficiently. They are made in-charge of different sections depending upon their daily routine work as well as their capabilities for proper functioning of Incident Command Systems.

Let’s Look at the Sections in Detail:

1. Command Function:

The command function of the IRS includes selection of District level Incident Response Teams (DICT)/ Quick Response Teams (QRT). The officers carefully selected from different departments having earlier experience and expertise in disaster management should be given preference. The officers having fitness, the Deputy Commissioner will select aptitude and ability for any of the DICT positions and professional training must be given to them to fulfill their assigned role. The teams will primary assist the District in

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handling tasks like general coordination, distribution of relief materials, media managements, and the over-all logistics. For almost all the positions a suitable number of additional personnel will be trained as reserve for taking care of contingencies like transfers, promotions etc. Chief Executive Officer, DDMA or a suitable officer of the rank of Additional District Magistrate, will command the DICT/QRT. The DC will remain over all head of the DICT. Following are the Designated IRS Positions/Rank for Command functions: Sl.No Designation Assigned task 1. Additional DC(G) - Commander of QRT/ICT 2. SDO(S)/SDO(C) concerned - Alternate commander and to be functioned as Information Officer under the thumb of Commander of QRT/ICT 3. A.D.C - function as Liaison Officer 4. S.Dy.M - function as Safety Officer 5. Head Assistant - to function as Staff

Organiser Responsible staff: General Establishment Branch

There are 7 UDCs, 4 LDCs and 3 peons engaged in the General

Establishment Branch and they will be responsible for all necessary support in its functioning.

They are to undertake command functions in any crisis situation. Flow Chart Showing Command Flow in IRS

The major roles and responsibilities and duties of the Incident commander are over-all management of the incident. However these can be again break up as follows

1. Assess the situation and obtain a briefing from the prior incident commander

2. Determine incident objectives and strategy 3. Establish the immediate priorities-When considering stabilizing the Incident Commander must emphasize on safety of the people involved in the incident, responders need other emergency workers and bystanders.

(All the above mentioned are primary priorities the secondary

priorities are ensure life safety, ensure protection of life and

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property, stay in command, manage resources efficiently and cost effectively)

4. Establish Incident Response Post (IRP)-The IRP will be wherever the Incident Commander is located. As the incident grows it is important for the Commander to establish a fixed location for the IRP and to work from that location. The IRP provides a central coordination point from which the incident Commander, Command Staff and planning functions will normally operate. The IRP should be located at the Incident base if that facility has been established. Once established the IRP should not be moved unless absolutely necessary. 5. Set up appropriate organizational structure and response or he may change the set up for better effectiveness 6. Ensure planning meetings are scheduled, as required-Planning meetings and the overall planning process are essential to achieve the incidence objectives. On many incidents the time factor does not allow prolonged planning. On the other hand lack of planning can be more disastrous. Proactive planning is essential to consider future needs. 7. Approve and authorize the implementation of Incident Action Plan-Plans can be oral or written .Written plans should be provided for multi jurisdiction or multi agency incidents, or when the incident will continue for more than one operational period. 8. Ensure that adequate safety measures are in place-Public safety at the scene of the incident is always tops the priority lists. If the incident is complex of the Incident Commander is not tactical expert in all the hazards present a safety officer should be assigned 9. Co-ordinate activity for all command and general staff 10. Coordinate with key people and official 11. Approve requests for additional resources or for the release of resources-On small incidents the IC will personally determine additional resources needed and order them. As the incident grows in size and complexity, the ordering responsibilities for required resources shift to Logistics Section Chief and to the Supply Unit if those elements of the organization have been established 12. Keep agency administrator informed of incident status 13. Approve the use of students, volunteers and auxiliary

personnel 14. Authorize release of information to the news media-The sophistication of modern news gathering methods and equipments make it very important that all the incident have procedures in place for managing the release of information to the media as well as responding appropriately to media inquiries 15. Order the demobilization of the incident when appropriate.

Apart from the Incident Commander there are three other commanders who work closely with the Incident Commander. They are act as deputy to the incident commander and work in the command structure set up of the DICT. They are as follows:

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A. Information officer- The information officer is responsible for developing and releasing

information about the incident to the news media to incident personnel and to other appropriate agencies and organization. The information officer should be separated from the command post, but close enough to have access to information. The information persons should sit in such a place where there is space for organizing media briefings. Information display and press handouts may be required. Tour and photo opportunities have to be arranged.

B. Liaison officer- Incidents, which are multi-jurisdictional or have several agencies

involved, may require the establishment of the liaison officer positioned on the command post. The liaison officer is the contact for agency representatives assigned to the incident by assisting or cooperating agencies. These are personnel other than those on direct tactical assignments or those involved in a unified command.

C. Safety Officer- The safety officer function on the command staff is to develop

recommend measures for assuring personnel safety and to assess and/ or anticipate hazardous and unsafe situations. Only one safety officer will be assigned for each incident. The safety officer will correct unsafe situations by working through the chain of command.

2. Operations Function:

Since the nature of works of Command and Operations systems are complementary to each other and cannot be separated fully, operation function system will work to supplement the command function and is required to report its day to day functioning to the commander of QRT/ICT for effective and meaningful response to any crisis.

Following are the Designated IRS Positions/Rank for Operations function: Sl.No Designation Assigned task

1. EAC(P)/Nodal Officer Leader 2. ASO-II/Br. Officer, DM&R Alternate Leader 3. EOC in-charge Member 4. Senior-most UDC of DM&R Br. Member 5. Senior-most UDC of Arms Br. Member

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Responsible staff: All staff under DM&R Branch and Arms Branch.

There are 2 UDCs, 3 LDCs and 1 peon attached to in the DM&R

Branch. Besides, there are 1 UDC, 2 LDCs and 1 Peon in the Arms Branch. These two branches combine will be responsible for all necessary support in its functioning.

The operation function refers to management of all tactical operations at an incident. The build –up of the Operation section is generally dictated by the number of tactical resources involved and span of control considerations. There are three important components of the operations section-

A. Ground or surface based tactical resources- there are three ways of organizing tactical resources on an incident. The determination of how resources will be used will be determined on the application area and tactical requirements. Resources can be used as Single Resources, task Forces and strike teams. Depending on the need, tactical resources will be used. B. Aviation resources- many incidents require the use of tactical or logistical aircraft/Helicopter to support the incident. In ICS, all aviation resources assigned for exclusive use of the incident are assigned in the Operation Section. C. Staging areas- An ICS staging area is a temporary location for placing resources available on a three minute basis to take on active assignment. Staging areas are temporary facilities. They can be set up at any appropriate location in the incident area and moved or deactivated as needed. Staging area mangers report to the operations section chief or to the Incident Commander.

3. Planning Function:

Following are the Designated IRS Positions/Rank for Command functions:

Sl.No Designation Assigned task

1. Project Director, DRDA Leader 2. Election Officer Alternate Leader

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3. ADC(P) Member 4. Senior most UDC of P&D Branch Member 5. Senior most UDC of Election Br. Member

Responsible staff: Planning & Dev. Branch and Election Branch Combine. There are 4 UDCs, 3 LDCs and 1 peon in the P&D Branch together

with 4 UDCs, 5 LDCs, 1 CA, 1 Duftry and 2 Peons in the Election Branch. They will be responsible for all necessary support in its functioning.

In ICS, the planning section is responsible for managing all information relevant to an incident. When activated, the planning section collects, evaluates, processes and disseminates information for use at the incident. Dissemination can be in the form of the Incident Action Plan, formal briefings or through map and status board displays. Some incidents may require personnel with specialized skills to be temporarily assigned to the Planning Section. These persons are called technical Specialists such as Chemist, hydrologist, and geologists, Meteorologists etc. There are four other units, which can be activated, as necessary. A. Resources Unit-The unit is responsible for maintaining the status of all assigned resources as an incident. It achieves this though overseeing the check- in of all resources, maintaining a status keeping system indicating current location and status of all the resources. Maintenance of a master list of all the resources B. Situation Unit-The collection, processing and organising of all incident information take places within the situation unit. The situation unit may prepare future projections of incident growth, maps and intelligence information. C. Documentation Unit- the documentation unit is responsible for the maintenance of accurate, up to-date incident files. The documentation unit will also provide duplication services. Incident files will be stored for legal, analytical and historical purposes. D. Demobilization Units--The demobilization unit is responsible for developing the incident demobilization plan. On large incidents, demobilization can be quite complex, requiring a separate planning activity.

Planning for demobilization should begin at the early stages f an incident, particularly in the development of rosters of personnel and resources, thus ensuring the efficient and safe demobilization of all the resources.

4. Logistic Function:

Following are the Designated IRS Positions/Rank for Command functions:

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Sl.No Designation Assigned task

1. EAC (L&B) Leader 2. ADC Alternate Leader 3. SDO(TC) Member 4. Senior-most UDC of Land & Building Br. Member 5. Senior-most UDC of Vehicle Branch Member

Responsible staff: All staff of Land & Building Branch and Vehicle Branch.

There are 3 UDCs, 3 LDCs, 1 CA and 2 peons in the L&B Branch

together with1UDC, 2 LDCs, 16 Drivers and 1 Peon all are responsible to provide necessary support in the functioning of Logistic systems.

The logistic function of the IRS is to be held responsible for facilities, transportation, communication, Supplies, Equipment maintenance, food services, Medical Services as well as ordering services. The logistic Sections can be divided into two branches namely Service and Support Branch. Six units may be established within the Logistics section. A. Supply unit-The supply unit is responsible for ordering, receiving processing and storing all incident related resources B. Facilities unit- This unit is responsible for set up maintenance and demobilization of all incident support facilities except staging areas. The facilities unit also provides security services to the incident as needed. C. Ground Support Unit-The ground support unit is responsible the maintenance, service and fueling of all mobile requirement and vehicles. The unit also has responsibility for the ground transportation of personnel, supplies and equipment and development of the Incident traffic plan. D. Communication Unit- The communication unit is responsible for developing plans for the use of incident communication equipment and facilities, installing and testing of communication equipment, supervision of the Incident Communication Centre, and the distribution and maintenance of Communication equipments E. Food Unit-The food unit is responsible for supplying the food materials for the entire incident including all remote locations as well as providing food for personnel unable to leave tactical field assignments. Planning is essential to the efficient supply of food. The Food Unit must anticipate the number of personnel to be fed and develop plans for supplying food to all incident areas. F. Medical Unit- The unit will develop an Incident medical Plan, Develop procedures for managing major medical emergencies, provide medical aid and assist the Finance/ Administrative Section with processing injury related claims.

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5. Finance/Administrative Function:

Following are the Designated IRS Positions/Rank for Command functions: Sl.No Designation Assigned task

1. Addl DC (E) Leader 2. Superintendent Alternate Leader 3. Senior-most UDC of Nazarat Br. Member 4. Senior-most UDC of Stationery Br. Member 5. Senior-most UDC of Judicial Branch Member

Responsible staff: All staff of Nazarat Br. and Stationery Branch. There are 1 Nazir, 4 UDCs, 2 LDCs and 2 peons attached to in the Nazarat Branch. Besides, there are 2 UDCs and 1 Peon in the Stationery Branch and 6 UDCs, 5 LDCs and 1 peon. All the three branches combine will be responsible for all necessary support in its functioning

The finance and Administrative function is responsible for managing all financial aspects of an incident. There are four units, which may be established within the Finance/Administrative Section. A. Time Unit-The time unit is responsible for ensuring the accurate recording of daily personnel time, compliance with specific agency time, recording policies, and managing commissary operations if established at the incident. B. Procurement Unit-All financial matters pertaining to vendor contracts, leases, and fiscal agreements are managed by Procurement unit. The procurement unit establishes local sources for equipments and supplies, manages all equipments, rental agreements and processes all rental and supply fiscal document billing invoices C. Compensation /Claim Units-The claims unit is responsible for investigating all claims involving property associated with or involved in the incident. This can be an extremely important function on some incidents. D. Cost Units-The cost units provides all incident cost analysis. It ensures the proper identification of all equipments and personnel requiring payment, records all cost data, analysis and prepares estimates of incident costs, and maintains accurate records of incident costs.

9.2.1. Zone/Block Response Structure:

Besides ICS in the district level, a separate command system has to be made in the Zone/Block Level for effective management of disasters. SDO(C), BDO and all appointed Zonal Officers within Aizawl City will be Site Incident Commander within their specific areas. They

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are to identify members of Zone/Block Crisis Management Group during normal period so that the District Crisis Management Group will utilize it in the event of disaster. In this regard, composition of Block/Zone Crisis Management Group, as mentioned in Chapter 6.2.2 has to be followed.

All these Incident Response Systems will function under the direct control of the Deputy Commissioner. The Deputy Commissioner, if he thinks so necessary for effective response to any crisis, is authorized to deploy/attach any person to any task/duty in contrary to the above assigned task. He is also responsible for the activation of Incident Response Systems. It is to be noted that this IRS is meant not to make duplicity or overlapping the role of DDMA/District Crisis Management Group in their crisis response structure but to increase efficiency in its effort to bring normalcy within no time so as to enable the district authorities to fly high even at that possible misadventure by ensuring that all possible disconnections/irregularities in time of disaster has been bridged.

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CHAPTER – 9

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP)

Standard Operating Procedure is the procedural operations that have to be followed to reduce repairs time to minimum in any eventuality of disaster to activate the entire civil administration defence system.

In the event of disaster, the Deputy Commissioner, Aizawl should be informed immediately about the incident. Then, he would inform the concerned officials based upon the kind of disaster. Besides, immediate relief and rescue operation will be started at the places. Then, the DC will inform the level of disaster and accordingly action will be taken. Here are some Standard Operating Procedures to be followed in Aizawl District at the time of disasters. DESIGNATED MEETING VENUE: In the event of major disaster like earthquake with catastrophic consequences affecting Aizawl or other parts of the district, when there is total disruption of communication system, all members of the District Disaster management Committee will have to assemble immediately within 1 (one) hour after the occurrence of such disaster; a pre-destined venue without waiting for any formal correspondence or circular from the chairman/DC or other officers authorised in that behalf. The designated venue for holding emergency meeting on Disaster Management shall be the office of the Deputy Commissioner/ Emergency Operations Centre. If holding of such meeting in the designated venue is not possible due to the damage caused to the area or building, or blockade caused by debris, alternative venues, in order of priority will be:

1. Office of the Superintendent of Police, Aizawl District 2. I&PR Conference Hall 3. Aizawl Club 4. State Guest House A spare/duplicate key for each of the above alternative venues

shall be with the Addl. DC (G) so that emergency access as and when required is ensured.

PANEL OF CHAIRMAN: If the chairman is unable to preside over the meeting or fail to attend such meetings for any reason, the Addl. Deputy Commissioner

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or the Superintendent of Police will take the chair. If the Addl. DC or the SP is also absent, one of the senior most members will preside over the meeting. There will be no quorum. 9.1. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT In the event of major disaster causing extensive damage to the district especially the District Capital viz. Collapse of building, damage to power lines etc, the necessity for control of traffic movement is obvious. For which Superintendent of Police, Aizawl in liaise with Superintendent of Traffic will be the sole authority to issue appropriate order. In that case, no vehicles except those on emergency duty such as Ambulances, vehicles used by relief agencies, Police, Magistrates or other vehicles used by line departments and individuals directly involved in the relief operations, would not be allowed. Needless to say that cross traffic movement of vehicles may not be allowed and there should be some restrictions to onlookers and relatives of the victims as it may unwillingly hamper the rescue activities. All Police Stations in and around the City are also expected to be on high alert. 9.2. EVACUATION

The SOP on evacuation is primarily meant for establishing evacuation plans, identification of fastest evacuation routes and alternate routes and coordinating evacuation logistics during field operations. Situation Assumptions Most of the buildings would be damaged and would not remain serviceable. Many structures would be damaged and there would be an urgent need to evacuate. Nodal agency : Office of the Deputy Commissioner, Aizawl Supporting agencies : Police, Fire Services, MRHG, NCC,

Army, Pushpak, PWD, PHE, YMA SOP for Nodal Agency: Nodal Officer of D.C’s office would activate the ESF on receiving the warning of the disaster from District EOC. He would inform Nodal Officers (NOs) of supporting agencies about the event and ESF activation. He will direct the Response Teams to be deployed at the affected site. He will gather information on availability of predefined evacuation routes. If the predefined evacuation routes are not available, the Nodal Officer would coordinate through District EOC with other ESFs nodal

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officers and the support agencies about clearing of routes and identifying alternate routes. 9.3. SEARCH AND RESCUE

Search and Rescue operations are one of the primary activities taken up in a post disaster situation, the promptness in these operations can make a remarkable difference in the amount of loss of life and property.

Since the Government of Mizoram has constituted State Disaster Response Force recently carving out of 25 personnel (likely to increase the number) from the 1st Mizoram Armed Police for Aizawl District and given authority over its deployment under the thumb of the Deputy Commissioner who is also the Incident Commander in the crisis situation, the service of these personnel may be requisitioned depending upon the nature of disaster. Situation Assumptions Local community task force will initiate search and rescue at residential level. Spontaneous volunteers will require coordination, Access to affected areas will be limited. Some sites may be accessible only through air routes only. Nodal Agency : Police Support Agency : F&ES, MRHG, NCC, Assam Rifles,

BSF, Health Department, P&E, YMA. SOP for Nodal Agency Incident Commander will call the Nodal Officer of Police Department or Superintendent of Police and get the ESF activated. N.O of Police will call nodal officers of supporting agencies. N.O would activate the District Quick Response Team. He will assess specific skill sets and the other equipments With the help of D.C or Nodal Officer of NIC he will check IDRN network for availability of resource in and around the disaster site. 9.4. LAW AND ORDER

The SOP on Law and Order maintains the law and protects the property and valuable commodities. It is mainly responsible to control crowd and avoid riots situations.

Situation Assumptions There would be panic and people will gather at a place. The crowds may go out of control. Riots may also take place. Nodal Agency : Police Support Agencies : Home guards, Army, Assam Rifle, YMA. SOP for Nodal Agency

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Incident Commander will call the Nodal Officer of Police and get the ESF activated. Nodal Officer of Police will call nodal officers of supporting agencies. N.O would activate the District Quick Response Team. The QRTs will be deployed at the affected site. Cordoning off area to restrict movement of onlookers, vehicular and pedestrian traffic should be done. Any additional requirements at site to be taken care of. 9.5. COMMUNICATION

Disasters when it strikes affect the communication facilities particularly in the case of earthquake, normal life have been disrupted due to failure in communication network. It is well known that communication among different government functionaries is of critical importance -before, during and after disasters as while failure in the communication process often compounded the problems, but proper flow of communication minimises the same to a large extent. It is therefore desirable to request or requisition the services of the concerned authority at the earliest to deal with the situation.

Situation Assumption There would be a congestion in the network because of increased calls to control rooms due to panic created in the community. The initial reports on damage may not give a clear picture of the extent of damage to communication network. The affected site may cut off from the state control rooms and the officials on site and find difficulty in communicating to the District/State EOC. Nodal Agency : MPRO (Wireless) and BSNL Supporting Agencies: NIC, Police/private telecom/mobile operator. (A) SOP for M.PR.O (Wireless):

Situation Assumption: there would be total destruction of all terrestrial infrastructures. In such situation, wireless communication could be our last resort of communication during and after disaster as all the terrestrial infrastructures would be destroyed.

A control room has already been set up in the office of S.P, (Wireless) Aizawl which has a link to all the existing PR stations including Repeater stations in different places all over the District. This control room can have a direct or indirect link to all these PR Stations at the time of disaster. The control room can be accessed by 8 telephone lines and whatever information is fed to this Control Room, it will be conveyed to the concerned District Authorities.

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The numbers by which the Control Room can be accessed are given below:- 1. Phone No. : 2334327 2. Mobile : 9863514426/9436773133/9862899962 3. Intercom No : 255 through 2333576/2333577/2334172 4. Fax No. : 233539

By dialing anyone of the above telephone numbers, the DDMA can have direct contact with the Control Room and convey all kinds of information. This Control Room also has a direct link with Fire Service and Traffic Police if their services are required.

The Control Room will have a wireless communication link with the Emergency Operation Centre at the district level under the chairman of the Deputy Commissioner.

(B) SOP for BSNL: General Manager, BSNL (or Nodal Officer of BSNL) will activate the Emergency Support Functions (ESF) on receiving the intimation of occurrence of the disaster from the District EOC. He may arrange additional telephone lines and Internet connections to different strategic locations. The services of NIC stationed in the D.C’s office premises may be utilised as and when necessary. Based on information given by the supporting agencies decides on the need to launch an assessment mission to estimate the extent of damage to telecom services and network as well as to come up with possible arrangements to establish reliable and appropriate network. N.O communicates situation to supporting agencies and also requests to provide details on the status of equipment and infrastructure in the affected area(s). N.O informs the Incident Commander on the status of telecom services at an interval of possibly 12 hours. N.O works out a plan of action for private telecom companies and convenes a meeting of all ESF members to discuss and finalize the modalities. N.O issues orders to establish systems and reports to District EOCs on the action taken. New phone numbers and details of contact persons would also be communicated. If required mobile exchanges would be deployed. N.O gets the temporary telephone facilities established for the public. Prior information on this would be announced through media. N.O sends the Quick Response team at the affected site, if any with the required equipments and other resources. 9.6. PRESS BRIEFINGS

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Press briefings play a very important role in disaster management. Daily press briefs will be issued at 11:00 AM at the D.C’s Chamber or department of I & PR Conference Hall. The Government of Mizoram had declared the department as Nodal Department for communicating the events or latest situation to public in this regard; therefore, the department shall release appropriate information to the public as decided by the DDMA or the state government.

Mention may be made that the Department has constituted Crisis Management Plan. Under the plan, if the disaster happened in Aizawl District, Directorate of Information and Public Relations Office will function as the main information centre. The Plan further says that when the crisis is over, follow up with the press in releasing information about the corrective measures taken to avoid recurrence of such incidents, words of reassurance to the public especially to the locality where the incidents take place will be issued. The following are the list of important phone numbers under Information and Public Relations that can be contacted when a disaster occurs: 1. Director, I&PR 0389-2323190 2. EPABX 0389-2323206/2323191 3. Nodal Officer 0389-2322650 9.7. MEDICAL RESPONSE AND TRAUMA COUNSELING

Major disasters like earthquake, Cyclone and landslide etc result in injuries to people or may cause epidemics. The CMO, E&W are responsible for not only preventing the outbreaks of epidemics but also for providing immediate medical relief to the affected people in a disaster. The department works under some constraints even during normal times because of the population pressure, poverty and the resource crunch with the department. Therefore the department will seek to ensure that department is able to discharge the responsibilities for providing the immediate medical relief and for preventing outbreak of epidemic in the affected areas despite resource constraints experienced by it during normal times. Preparedness Action:

The department will ensure that all the medical doctors are

aware about the responsibilities of the department in case of a disaster and all the manpower of the department, including Para Medical staff, are sensitized regarding the need for maximum efficiency during disaster situation. This should be achieved by organizing orientation training for the staff in the month of February -

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March every year. The two CMOs should also identify, within their jurisdiction, sources from which it can procure the additional equipment and materials on a very short notice to supplement its resources. The inventory of all such resources should be maintained. The department is responsible for providing the medical relief to the people affected from Cyclone, landslide and earthquake etc. and is also responsible for prevention of outbreak of epidemics during preparedness. The concerned CMO is responsible for the following: I. Providing efficient and quick treatment to victims of disaster. II. Preventing outbreak of epidemics.

Therefore, the SOP on Medical Response and Trauma Counselling will be looking after emergency treatment for the injured people immediate after the disaster take place. Situation Assumptions Emergency Medical service will be required by affected population. Likely an outbreak of epidemic diseases after the disaster. Hospital services would be affected. Nodal Agency : Department of Health Services Support Agencies : PHE (Sanitation), YMA, NSS SOP for Nodal Agency

Incident Commander will call the Nodal Officer of Health

Department and get the ESF activated.

CMO will ensure a critical number of medical professionals to be reached at the site. If temporary housing arrangements are being made for the affected population, the ESF must ensure high standards of sanitation in settlements in order to reduce epidemic outbreak. Ensuring the provision and continuous supply of medical facilities. (Medicines, equipments ambulances, doctors and manpower etc) required at the disaster affected site and the hospital health centres catering to disaster victims. In case of orthopaedic care required in disasters like earthquakes the immediate response would have to be complimented by a follow up treatment schedule for a majority of the patients in/near their place of residence. Trained professionals should be mobilized by psychosocial support. Ensuring setting up of temporary information centres at hospitals with the help of ESF through help lines and warning dissemination system.

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N.O will coordinate, direct and integrate state level response to provide medical and sanitation health assistances.

On the recommendations of the EOC, the N.O also responsible

to: Send required medicines, vaccines, drugs, plasters, syringes etc. Arrange for additional blood supply. Send additional medical personnel equipped with food, bedding and tents etc. Send vehicles and any additional medical equipment. 9.8. WATER SUPPLY

The SOP on drinking water and water supply will ensure provision of basic quantity of clean drinking water and water for other purposes in a manner that does not allow the spread of diseases through the contamination of water. Situation Assumptions: Existing water storage bodies will be damaged and unusable. There would be an urgent need of water to assist victims in rescue operation. Break down of sanitation system. Contamination of water due to outflow from sewers or due to breakage of water pipelines. Nodal Agency : PHE Support Agency : LAD/UD&PA SOP for Nodal Agency Nodal Officer of PHE will activate the ESF on receiving the intimation of the disaster from District EOC. N.O would inform Nodal Officers (NOs) of support agencies about the event and ESF activation. He will ensure special care for women with infants and pregnant women. Provide for sending additional support along with food, bedding, tents. Send vehicles and any additional tools and equipments needed. 9.9. RELIEF (FOOD AND SHELTER)

In the event of a disaster there would be a need of disbursing relief materials due to massive destruction of life and property taken place. The SOP on Relief should ensure coordination of activities involving with the emergency provisions of temporary shelters, emergency mass feeding and bulk distribution of relief supplies to the disaster victims as also the disaster managers and relief workers. Situation Assumptions

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Probability of shortage of critical resources. Immediate assistance to the community at the time of resource shortage particularly when affected area is larger. Nodal Agency : Department of Food and Civil Supplies Support Agency : Social Welfare, Transport Department, YMA SOP for nodal Agency Nodal Officer will activate the ESF on receiving the information of the disaster from District authority. He would inform support agencies about the event and ESF activation. N.O will coordinate with all state and district level suppliers as identified with under IDRN. N.O will coordinate with other ESFs related to transportation, debris and road clearance to ensure quality supply chain management of relief materials. Ensure composite relief with availability of complimentary relief materials. 9.10. EQUIPMENT SUPPORT, DEBRIS AND ROAD CLEARANCE

The importance of this SOP emanates from the fact that most large scale hazard such as earthquakes, cyclones and floods primarily affect the building structures. Situation Assumptions Access to disaster-affected area would depend upon the reestablishment of ground and water routes. Early damage assessment may be incomplete, inaccurate and general. A rapid assessment may be required to determine response time. Engineers and masons may be required in large scale for the inspection of present buildings. Nodal Agency : PWD Support Agency : LAD/ UD&PA, BRTF/BRO SOP for nodal Agency Nodal Officer of PWD when informed of the situation from D.C will activate the ESF N.O would inform Nodal Officers (NGOs) of support agencies about the event and ESF activation. N.O will coordinate with the supporting agency to mobilize equipments from the ware houses through IDRN database.

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The respective supporting agencies will contact their respective personal to move the equipments to central warehouse. The equipments like JCB, concrete cutters identified as per the need will be transported to the site. As per the information the nodal officer of Debris road clearance will make an assessment on of the damages of roads and built structures at the site and surrounding areas. The nodal officers of Supporting Agencies will immediately start debris clearance operation to enable movement to the affected site. Review of the current situation is taken up by the nodal agency to update the support agencies and to delegate the respective personnel to take precautionary measure to plan de-routes for the transportation ESF’s to be operational. All supporting agencies will inspect the road and rail network and structures within the disaster site and surrounding. N.O will also ensure proper corpse disposal and post mortem by coordinating with ESF on medical response. 9.11. HELP LINES, WARNING DISSEMINATION

The SOP on help lines and warning dissemination should process and circulate information about the welfare of citizens of affected area and managing the tremendous flow of information. The help lines will be responsible for providing directing and coordinating logistical operations. Situation Assumptions There may be a flood of information and confusion about the injured population. The communication with affected area may be partially impaired. Nodal Agency : DC, Aizawl Support Agency : I&PR, NIC, DDK, AIR SOP for nodal Agency Incident Commander will call the Nodal Officers of the district administration and other supporting agency and get the ESF activated. N.O of district administration would activate the District Quick response Team. The QRTs will be deployed at the affected site. QRTs will report the situation and the progress in response activities to the respective EOCs. Sending flash news of latest updates/donation requirements for disaster area all over the state. Assisting the EOC in providing updated information to national as well as at the District level.

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Setting up of toll free numbers for emergency information assistance. 9.12. ELECTRICITY

SOP on electricity will facilitate restoration of electricity distribution systems after a disaster. In the event of a disaster there would be major electricity failure and many power stations damaged. Power and Electricity Department is having W/T Networks for conveyance of messages to almost every corner of the Aizawl district. This network will be utilized in the event of disasters not only for proper flow of power supply but for other purposes also. Situation Assumptions Prolonged electricity failure. The affected victims may be panicked. Halt of all activities specially jamming communication networking systems in the affected site. Nodal Agency : P&E Supporting Agency : PWD SOP for nodal Agency Incident Commander will call the Nodal Officer of P&E and get the ESF activated. N.O of nodal agency will call nodal officers of supporting agencies. N.O would activate the District Quick Response Team. The QRTs will be deployed at the affected site. N.O will dispatch emergency repairs teams equipped with tools, tents and food.

Following are list of important places where W/T sets are installed: Sl.No Location Category Telephone No. 1 Laipuitlang A 2 MRTSD(A), Zuangtui C 3 SLDC, Zuangtui A 2305964/2305589 4 Aizawl Central A 2322174 5 132KV S/S, Zuangtui A 2350240 6 Lower S/S, Zuangtui A 2350354 7 Luangmual S/S A 2330272 8 Tlangnuam S/S A 2310881 9 Distribution Sub.Div-II,

Chaltlang B 2341382

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10 Mualpui S/S A 2318740 11 Chawnpui S/S A 2305233 12 Thingsulthliah A 2370168 13 Saitual A 2562388 14 Darlawn B 2569264 9.13. TRANSPORTATION

The SOP on Transport should ensure smooth transportation links at state and district level. Within the disaster context, quick and safe movement of material and humans are a priority. It should coordinate the use of transportation resources to support the needs of emergency support forces requiring transport capacity to perform their emergency response, recovery and assistance missions. Situation Assumptions The state civil transportation infrastructure will sustain damage, limiting access to the disaster area. Access will improve as routes are cleared and repaired. The movement of relief supplies will create congestion in the transportation services. Nodal Agency : Transport department Support Agencies : PWD SOP for nodal Agency Nodal Officer of Transport Department will activate the ESF on receiving the intimation of the disaster from District authority. He would inform Nodal Officers (NOs) of support agency about the event and ESF activation. N.O establishes contact with the district EOC for FIR. N.O requests for reports from local Transportation ESF contact person. He communicates situation to support agencies and requests for detailed information on the status of transportation infrastructure in the affected area.

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CHAPTER – 10

DISTRICT EMERGENCY OPERATION CENTRE

Aizawl District has an Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) located at the D.C’s premises in district headquarters. This shall be round the clock set up with sufficient man-power and most modern equipments. Considering the unique responsibility of the district EOC, the Equipments provided to it shall not be taken on any purpose other than disaster management. This Centre is intended to co-ordinate all disasters related activities in the district starting from preparedness to rehabilitation and reconstruction.

There shall be permanent sitting place for each emergency

support functionaries in the EOC and they shall be provided with sufficient telephone connections. Only the Nodal ESFs are to sit in the

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EOC and co-ordinate the disaster management activities in the district with their support agencies. There shall be dedicated telephone lines and other communication facilities. 10.1. LIST OF EQUIPMENTS IN THE EMERGENCY OPERATION CENTRE: Sl.No Name of Equipment Quantity Remarks 1 Figure of 8 (eight) 03 Serviceable 2 Rapelling mitten 04 -do- 3 Ascender Jumer 04 -do- 4 Digital Camera 01 -do- 5 Photo copier 01 -do- 6 Jumper 04 -do- 7 Alluminium Ladder ( 20 ft) 02 -do- 8 Climbing Rope ( 10 mm) 2 bdls -do- 9 Climbing Rope ( 8 mm ) 1 bdl -do- 10 Tape Atrier 02 -do- 11 Body Harness 04 -do- 12 Heavy duty Work glove 02 -do- 13 Climbing Helmet 120 -do- 14 Carabiner (Screw type) 10 -do- 15 Carabiner (plain) 10 -do- 16 Sit Harness 04 -do- 17 Pulley 02 -do- 18 Rain Coat 10 -do- 19 Stretcher 03 -do- 20 Sledge Hammer 02 -do- 21 Projector Screen 01 -do- 22 Petromax 03 -do- 23 Head Lamp 03 -do- 24 Megaphone 01 -do- 25 Emergency Light 02 -do- 26 Printer 01 -do- 27 Portable Inflatable Lighting

system 01 -do-

28 Scuba diving suit ( clean water) 01 -do- 29 Breathing Air Compressor 01 -do- 30 Inflatable Rubber Boat 01 -do- 31 Inflatable Rubber Boat with

Machine 01 Not Serviceable

32 Generator 01 Serviceable 33 Lap Top 01 Serviceable 34 Rain Gauge 01 Serviceable

10.2. ROLE IN NORMAL TIME:

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The Deputy Commissioner of Aizawl District may be empowered to appoint one officer as Officer in-Charge of EOC. The appointee will be responsible for effective functioning of the EOC. Responsibilities of EOC in-charge in normal time include: 1. Ensure that all the equipments in the EOC are in working conditions. 2. Collect data on routine basis from line departments for disaster management. 3. Develop status reports of preparedness and mitigation activities in the district. 4. Ensure appropriate implementation of DDMP 5. Maintenance of data bank with regular updating through IDRN.gov.in. 6. Activate the trigger mechanism on receipt of disaster warning/ occurrence of disaster. 10.3. ROLE OF EOC DURING DISASTER:

The District EOC shall be a meeting place for different stakeholders. On the basis of message received from the forecasting agencies, warning has to be issued for the general public and the departments, which play a vital role during emergencies. Issuing correct and timely warning would be one of the prime responsibilities of EOC. For effective dissemination of warning, EOC should have a well planned line of communication. The DC shall be the competent authority to disseminate a disaster warning. The warning on occurrence of a disaster will also be communicated to:

1. All Emergency Support Functions. 2. Members of DDMA, Aizawl 3. Hospitals in the disaster area. 4. State Relief Commissioner. 5. EOC in the neighbouring districts. 6. State EOCs 7. NGO representatives from the district. 10.4. SOP FOR DISTRICT EMERGENCY OPERATION CENTRE

1. Officer in charge of EOC: The control room shall be in overall charge of the DC. In the

absence of DC, Addl DC (G), Nodal Officer (DM), SDO(S) or any other officer or staff on duty at that point of time shall remain in charge of Control Room. The person in charge of control room shall be personally responsible for implementing the SOP. He/she shall take all decisions without wait for orders from anybody.

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2. Assembly in Control Room: Following officers and staff shall assemble in the EOC on getting any information from any source about any emergency. Apart from these, any other officer or staffs who get the information from any source will reach the Control room.

2.1. DC, Addl. DC, Nodal Officer (DM), SDO(S), Branch Officer (DM) Members of DDMA, DIPRO and other related officers. 2.2. All staffs of DM&R, PA to DC, PA to Addl.DC. 3. Getting the Control Room ready: Following preparatory steps will

be taken up for keeping the EOC functional during emergency. 3.1. Shift two more phone lines to control room. 3.2. Keep a radio with new batteries ready. 3.3. Get the generator set ready. 3.4. Stock 2 at least barrels of Kerosene and Diesel for running the generator sets. 3.5. Charge the battery of inverter. 3.6. In case of warning, arrange extra batteries.

4. Alert all field officers: SDOs(C)/BDOs/Zonal officers, VCs, MOs, Police, Telephone, Agriculture, Social Welfare, MLAs, Station Director, All India Radio, DDK. DIPRO shall inform the media

Apart from this the district EOC must arrange desks for the ESF in its complex for better co-ordination and help. Simultaneously the Onsite EOCs are to be set up with the help of the district EOC. Constant communication between the State EOC, District EOC and Onsite EOC is mandatory for updates on the disaster, which happened. 10.5. ONSITE EMERGENCY OPERATION CENTRES (OEOC):

Onsite Emergency Operation Centres (OEOC) are

complementary units to District Emergency Operation Centre in the district (EOC), which will operate close to the disaster sites and will be linked directly with the District Emergency Operation Centre. The district administration shall designate the OEOCs, which are located in the two Sub-Divisional Office complexes (except Aizawl Sadar Sub-Division) at Saitual and Sakawrdai. These two strategic locations will help cover operations in a calamity in the district in a few minutes time. The concerned SDO(C) will be the Commander-in-Chief at this level. The OEOCs will be physically activated only in time of a disaster. The Concerned SDO(C) of the OEOC unit would be responsible to execute activity at the disaster site, however tasks would be controlled and coordinate from District EOC through CEO/Nodal Officer.

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CHAPTER - 11

VILLAGE LEVEL DISASTER MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES/TEAMS

It is said that village should be given top priority in giving Information, Communication and Education about the possibility of

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different disaster and its mitigation strategies. Each and every village is obligated to set up a committee known as Village Disaster Management Committee under the Chairmanship of VCP/a reliable local resident. It will comprise members from different walks of life – viz. 1) NGO’s representative. 2) Political Party’s representative. 3) Prominent Citizens. 4) VC Members. 5) Teachers.

The committee is responsible for giving awareness to public,

making Disaster Management Plan, mitigation plan, undertaking rescue works after disasters and pre-disaster activities. Under its supervision, following village level Task Forces/Disaster Management Teams will be formed.

1) First Aid and Medical. 2) Search and Rescue. 3) Shelter Management. 4) Food and Water Management. 5) Relief Co-ordination. 6) Information and Damage Assessment. 7) Trauma counselling. 1) FIRST AID AND MEDICAL : This team will attend to all the casualties in the event of any disaster. They will be providing with First Aid kits and they will be trained by Health Department. 2) SEARCH AND RESCUE : This team will also perform evacuation besides search and rescue operation. They will undergo training on (i) drowning, (ii) fire fighting and (iii) search and rescue of collapse building victims. 3) SHELTER MANAGEMENT : This team will identify building for accommodation of shelter less people due to disaster. 4) FOOD AND WATER MANAGEMENT : This team will ensure that sufficient food stuff and water is available for emergency response. They will be responsible for fair distribution of food and water during relief works. 5) RELIEF CO-ORDINATION : This team will operate collection and distribution of all other collection and distribution of all other relief material except food and

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water supply. 6) INFORMATION AND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT : This team will act as a warning group for any eminent disaster. They will be trained to understand radio warnings and act fast to disseminate the same throughout the village. They will also conduct on the spot assessment of the damage sustained by the village and report their findings through a specified format to the VDCM who will in turn forward the same to the BDO/SDO/DC. 7) TRAUMA COUNSELING : This team will extend their helping hands by counselling the affected families, casualties etc. to reduce their burdensome out of disaster.

S.O.P FOR VILLAGE TASK FORCES/ TEAMS Team 1 : WARNING AND COMMUNICATION GROUP Pre-Disaster 1. Ensure that communication equipments are in working order. 2. Ensure an emergency contact directory with all relevant numbers. 3. Carry a hazard map demarcating the most vulnerable/safe area and households. On receipt of warning 1. Assembly in a central location and listen to radio together to determine the situation. 2. Pay attention to local warnings and their interpretation. 3. Crosscheck the warning received on radio, with the nearest control room. 4. Disseminate the warning using megaphones/mikes sirens etc., door-to-door. During Disaster Remain in the safe shelters and provide the evacuees with regular updates. After Disaster 1. Get the de-warning from District Control Room and announce the same. 2. Disseminate precautionary information on post disaster health hazards and remedies. 3. Give immediate assessment to the authority on damage, massive casualty etc. 4. Guide the search and rescue team with geographic information and high damage. Team 2 : EVACUATION AND TEMPORARY SHELTER MANAGEMENT GROUP

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Pre-Disaster 1. Monitor the infrastructure needs of the Community such as roads, school etc. 2. Co-ordinate with the local authority to identify/location for setting relief camps. 3. Check for plaster cracks and damp patches in safe shelters that require repairs. 4. Stock dry food and other safe food stocks, fuels, etc. 5. Ensure that the shelters are easily approachable. 6. Ensure that the shelters are cleaned regularly. On Receipt of Warning 1. Evacuate people from their homes and clear the area as soon as possible. Move stocks of dry food, fuel and medicines to the shelter. 2. Organise space to house evacuee families. 3. Help the old, disabled, pregnant women, children etc. to settle in the shelter. 4. Ensure that strict sanitary practices are adhered to in the shelter. 5. Register the evacuees and give them identification slips/cards. During Disaster 1. If caught inside withstand with their backs against a strong indoor wall. 2. If outside during disaster, run to an open space away from trees, buildings etc. 3. If in a moving vehicle, stop and stay inside. Pre-Disaster 1. To ensure that evacuees are fed and housed until the de-warning is received. 2. Organise tents and materials for construction of temporary shelters. 3. Collect stocks of food, clothing and fuel etc. 4. Clean and disinfect the shelter all throughout the stay and before leaving. 5. Help NGOs and their engineers in conducting meeting and rehabilitation activity. 6. Monitor the rehabilitation and reconstruction process of the community. Team 3 : DAMAGE ASSESSMENT GROUP Pre-Disaster 1. Carry a hazard map demarcating the most vulnerable/safe areas and households. 2. Prepare and store sufficient number of assessment formats required. During Disaster 1. Remain in the safe shelters and provide the evacuees with regular updates. 2. Call emergency meeting of the group and assign duties and area of assessment.

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After a Disaster 1. Give immediate assessment to the authorities on damage, missing, casualty etc. 2. Give detailed report of assessment to the authority. 3. Guide the search and rescue team with geographic information. Team 4 : SEARCH AND RESCUE GROUP Pre-Disaster 1. Familiarize themselves with existing response mechanism of the government. 2. Arrange for the necessary S&R equipment from Govt. and Pvt. Agencies. 3. Use the equipment properly and maintain it well. 4. Have a detailed map of the Community indicating vulnerable areas/safe areas. 5. Organise themselves into pairs (buddy system) 6. Prepare back up teams ready for rotation of personnel. On Receipt of Warning 1. Organise a meeting of the S&R members. 2. Contact the administration for detailed information. 3. Identify the vulnerable areas in which their help is required and decide the action plan. 4. Gather the equipments required. 5. Assist the evacuation team in moving people to the safe shelter. 6. Co-ordinate with the First Aid team to provide primary health care. 7. Shift the seriously injured persons to hospital/PHC. Post Disaster 1. Conduct a general hazard assessment to determine the possible hazards. 2. Make a quick head count and maintain a list of missing persons. 3. Clear debris and fallen trees in order to reach trapped victim. 4. Communicate with the sub-division and District levels on additional assistance. 5. Coordinate closely with the first aid team for primary health care to rescued victims. 6. Coordinate with the evacuation team to shift rescued persons to open space/tents. Team 5 : FIRST AID AND TRAUMA COUNSELING GROUP Pre-Disaster 1. Maintain a list of pregnant women, infants, disabled, sick, old etc. 2. Keep First Aid kits ready and ensure that expired drugs are replaced with new ones. 3. Distribute basic medicines and demonstrate their use. 4. To keep stretchers/local alternative ready to carry injured people. On receipt of Warning 1. Ensure that contents of all First Aid kits are satisfactory. 2. Move into the safe shelter. 3. If caught inside, stand with their backs against a strong in door wall (in EQ). 4. If outside during the earthquake, run to an open space (in EQ).

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5. If in a moving vehicle, will stop and stay inside (in EQ). Post Disaster 1. Attend to the injured people. 2. Counsel the traumatized people. 3. Listen to and calm the victims affectionately and patiently. 4. Help doctors and paramedics shift the ill and the injured to hospitals. 5. Isolate the cases with infectious diseases and prevent them from spreading. 6. Provide preventive medication if there is danger of cholera, dysentery. Team 6 : RELIEF CO-ORDINATION GROUP Pre-Disaster 1. Familiarize with damage and needs assessment formats. 2. Assess the estimated need of relief materials. 3. mobilize stocks of food grains and medicines from government, NGOs, etc. 4. Stocks materials like ropes, bamboos, tarpaulin etc. in the safe shelter identified. 5. Keep a record of the stock available and maintain and dispatch them as required. 6. Always be impartial and sincere to the duty the victims. 7. Be transparent in the accounting and stocks by giving timely correct information. On receipt of Warning 1. Coordinate with the evacuation and temporary shelter management team to move stocks of food, water and so on to the safe shelter. 2. Move to the safe shelter. 3. If caught inside, will stand with their backs against a strong indoor wall (in EQ). 4. If outside, run to an open space away from trees, buildings and electric lines (in EQ). 5. In a moving vehicle, will stop and stay inside (in EQ). Post Disaster 1. Conduct a complete damage and need assessment. 2. Based on a preliminary need assessment as follows, communicate preferences to the District Control Room. The size, scope of the relief items required likely duration of the distribution of relief material, the estimated number of people affected local capacity, resources and external help the immediate needs of the victims. 3. Communicate the assessment findings to other Task Force groups and local authorities. 4. Establish a distribution centre or community kitchen begin distribution. 5. Ensure that food and other materials are distributed in an equitable manner. 6. Priorities the elderly persons, pregnant women, children etc.

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7. Make a physical inventory of stocks when external assistance arrive. 8. Work closely with the communication group to stay in touch with control room. 9. Organise a meeting to evaluate the experience, internalize learning. 10. Keep the undistributed relief material in a safe place/godown and preserve it. Team 7 : WATER AND SANITATION GROUP Pre-Disaster 1. Ensure sufficient supplies of chlorine tablets etc. for disinfecting drinking water. 2. Ensure sufficient stocks of lime powder for disinfecting large water bodies. 3. Ensure that sufficient water is stored in proper tanks and jerry cans in safe shelters. 4. Ensure that there is list of contact persons at Dist. Com and PHE for assistance. 5. Raise prior awareness amongst the community about how to treat water resources. 6. Set a minimum standard in advance for distribution of water in emergency. 7. Stock long steel rods, kerosene and fuel wood to dispose corpus and carcasses. 8. Help of the local administration to construct temporary sanitary facilities. 9. Identify the tractors and lab ours required for sanitation purposes. 10. Contact PHE for assistance in acquiring diesel engines and generators. On receipt of Warning 1. Assess the drinking water supply and available water resources. 2. Organise for alternate power supply by procuring generators/diesel engines. 3. Ensure that the sanitation facilities at the safe shelter are in working order. 4. Move into the safe shelter for safety. Post Disaster 1. Make immediate repairs of broken or burst pipes. 2. Coordinate with PHE/LAD for procurement of water tankers if required. 3. Disinfect large water bodies with lime power. 4. Coordinate with the Sanitary Inspectors for taking drinking water samples. 5. Ensure that water is distributed in an equitable manner.

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6. Ensure that sufficient water is available in bathing units and toilets at relief camps. 7. Demarcate areas for safe excreta disposal around the relief camp. 8. Guide the local authorities to construct latrines away from ground water resources. 9. Coordinate with the local authority to construct sufficient bathing cubicles for females. 10. Spray bleaching powder and other disinfectants to prevent infectious disease. 11. Ensure that solid waste is put in refuse containers or buried in a refuse pit. 12. Ensure that there are no medical waste such as needles, drugs etc. lying around. 13. Co-ordinate with the first aid team to inoculate against water borne diseases. 14. Construct temporary soak pits for onsite disposal of wastewater. 15. Co-ordinate with the search and rescue team for disposal of carcasses. 16. Ensure that dead bodies are registered and cremated after legal/religious formalities.

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CHAPTER – 12

GENDER IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Gender accounted indispensable component in the disaster management scenario. It refers to the way members of the two sexes are perceived, evaluated and expected to behave in times of pre-disaster, during disaster and post disaster.

In a disaster management, it is designed to benefit both men and women. However, the real picture is that when it comes to implementation, a larger share of benefits and resources always goes to men and physically and mentally weaker; women were continue to remain marginalized. ‘Role Stereotyping’ guided by socially accepted norms largely excludes women from the mainstreaming of development programmes and their outcomes depend on the premise of inclusion and exclusion, where men get included and women are left out. Since, Disaster is a new ‘Sector’ in development, which requires urgent attention. The dominant approach to disasters does not usually recognize or address the different vulnerabilities of women and men to disasters. There is comparatively little understanding of the gendered aspect of risk and vulnerabilities to disasters. 12.1. GENDER ISSUES IN DISASTERS: It is important to understand the existing attitudes about women to be able to get an idea of the status of women in our society. The Indian constitution grants women equal rights with men. Nevertheless due to the strong patriarchal traditions persistent in the society women’s lives are shaped by customs that are centuries old.

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Women go through experiences that are often discriminatory from childhood; right from the general preference of male children to facing a gender-biased behaviour throughout childhood and adolescence and being subjected to domestic violence in marriage. Projecting women as sexual objects and depicting violence against women in movies and literature further act as stimulants and reminders and cause further distress to women who are already victimized. The poor status of women is due in large measure to the subjugation, marginalization and disempowerment. Looking through gender lens, there are seven major areas of discrimination against women in India:

· Malnutrition: India has exceptionally high rates of child malnutrition, because tradition in India requires that women eat last and least throughout their lives, even when pregnant and lactating. Malnourished women give birth to malnourished children, perpetuating the cycle.

· Poor Health: Females receives less health care than males.

Many women die in childbirth of easily preventable complications. Working conditions and environmental pollution further impairs women’s health.

· Lack of Education: Families are far less likely to educate girls

than boys, and far more likely to pull them out of school, either to help out at home or from fear of violence.

· Overwork: Women work longer hours and their work is more

arduous than men’s, yet their work is unrecognized. Men report that “Women, like children, eat and do nothing.” Technological progress in agriculture has had a negative impact on women.

· Unskilled: In women’s employment sectors including the primary one of agriculture, extension services overlook women.

· Mistreatment: In recent years, there has been an alarming rise

in atrocities against women in India, in terms of rapes, assaults and dowry-related murders. Fear of violence suppresses the aspirations of all women. Female infanticide and sex-selective abortions are additional forms of violence that reflect the devaluing of females in Indian society.

· Powerlessness: While women are guaranteed equality under

the constitution, legal protection has little effect in the face of prevailing patriarchal traditions. Women lack power to decide who they will marry, and are often married off as children. Legal loopholes are used to deny women inheritance rights.

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The above factors are interlinked with various other social factors like domestic responsibilities, familial pressures, domestic violence, infertility, sexual abuse and harassment, poverty, lack of social support and social tensions altogether have impacts on women’s mental health. A Woman suffers more from anxiety disorders and depression compared to men. The last few years have seen dramatic increases in the space available for women in Indian society- a consequence of affirmative policies and programmes by the government and initiatives by NGOs and other civil society groups. These achievements are the result of years of determined advocacy, campaigning and action for change by women themselves. But gaps still remain and there is a dearth of programs to address the cultural and traditional discrimination against women that leads to their miserable conditions. The two sex experience disasters differently due to their gendered social construction. Consequently, disaster also impact differently on men women’s roles in the disaster management. Thus, ignorance of differences in gender led to insensitive and effective relief operations that largely bypass woman’s needs and their potential to assist in mitigation and relief work. Women and men perform district disaster preparedness activities. In many communities, women take an active part in commit disaster initiatives both in roles of leadership and at grassroots – outnumbering men. Yet, in larger, more formal emergency planning organizations, women are scarcely represented, and markedly absent from decision-making positions. This appears to be true for both the developed and developing world. 12.2. GENDER-MAINSTREAMING IN DISASTER RESPONSE: 12.2.1. GENDER EQUITY IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND MITIGATION: Special groups such as women, disabled persons, children, etc. are more vulnerable in an emergency situation and hence require special attention. The programme will aim at strengthening capacities of these groups to respond to disasters. Vulnerability and risk assessment in all the multi-hazard prone districts would have special emphasis on women and children. Adequate representation of women in Disaster Management Committees and Teams shall ensure their participation in decision making in all stages of the disaster continuum. This would result in formulation of gender equitable and sustainable community plan for disaster preparedness. Special training shall be provided to women for enhancement of their capacities to carry out the activities effectively. Capacity building of women groups will include skill up-gradation in use of the latest know-how for effective response and sustainable recovery in disaster situations.

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‘Gender-Mainstreaming’ is the process of ensuring that women and men have equal access and control over resources, development benefits and decision-making, at all stages of development process and programme and policy. In a natural disaster response activity, it is necessary that recognition of the different needs and priorities that accompany differently gendered identities .These needs must be considered at every level of the delivery of aid and in long term reconstruction in post disaster areas. Currently, a gendered perspective is most absent structures in such places as administrative regulations, the recognitions of what constitutes a household and the priorities given to different areas for immediate reconstruction are mostly structured towards the recognition of the male as the average victim of disaster thus neglecting the needs of women. Equally men who are left unemployed and may be even widowed need a support in many levels beyond establishing a new livelihood. A gendered perspective in the planning of policies in advance to cope with or mitigate natural disaster is also crucial if they are to be effective. 12.2.2. ROLE OF GENDER IN PREVENTION AND DETECTIONS

OF NATURAL DISASTERS: Gender perspective are not always taken adequately into an account in environmental management, women may not be consulted and involved to the same extent as men in natural disaster management programme .Women’s considerable knowledge of natural resources and their contributions to environmental management are under utilized. When women do not received adequate information on hazards and risks the links to natural resources use environmental sustainability to the same extent as men, there is a risk that they can contribute directly and indirectly to environmental vulnerability. Both women and men need to have access to timely information and warnings on risks or impending disasters. In some context, access to information will not, however be sufficient for women to be able to respond adequately. 12.2.3. IMPLICATION FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND

LONG TERM RE-CONSTRUCTION: Since, the contribution of women are often not recognized at household level, or in the informal sector, the losses women experience in natural disasters are not always identified and take into account in recovery programmes. Even in terms of economic recovery, women’s contributions in the informal sector and at household level can be critical. Efforts to move beyond humanitarian

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assistance and relief programmes to more long term development programmes must be informed by a gender perspective to be effective in securing sustainable, people centered development. A right based approach is critical in disaster relief and reconstruction processes to ensure that women and men benefit equally Economic and Social rights can be violated, for example, if the health needs of both women and men are not met; civil and political rights can be denied if women are not consulted and are denied the right to equitable participation, particularly at decision making level. 12.2.4. THE NEED FOR GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN ADVANCED PLANNING: It is difficult to begin a process of coinciding gender perspectives in the midst of a natural disaster or humanitarian crisis. The emergency nature of the situation makes this difficult or impossible. It is therefore important that authority working in this sector develop clear policies, strategies and generic action plans and guidelines on incorporating gender perspectives in advance of emergency situations. Generic guidelines should highlight the possible gender perspectives which could arise and ways and means of addressing these in different phases of emergency operations. While the response has always to be context specific it is possible to identify the generic kinds of issue which might arise and questions which should always be asked, relating to the roles, contributions, knowledge, priorities and needs of women as well as men and then to adopt there to the specific contexts in which natural disasters occur. This is essential to be able to meet both the need of women and men.

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CHAPTER- 13

PREPAREDNESS OF AIZAWL CIVIL HOSPITAL Medical Officer/ Duty Officer in the Emergency Department is Telephone No:

0389-102 / 0389-2322318

Medical Superintendent of the Hospital will be the overall in-charge in Mass Casualty Management. In any crisis situation, he can be informed through the following telephone numbers:

1. 0389-2323236(O) 2. 0389-2322087(R) 3. 9436141549(M)

13.1. INTRODUCTION: Civil Hospital, Aizawl has the following clinical components:

1. Emergency Department, 2. Out-door Patients Department, 3. Wards 4. Operation Theaters,

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5. Intensive Care Unit (ICU) These clinical components are supported by the following essential functional components:

1. Radio-diagnosis and Imaging Department, 2. Laboratories, 3. Blood Bank, 4. Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD), 5. Laundry, 6. Dietetics, 7. Medical Store, 8. Medical Record Department, 9. Hospital Library.

Of all the clinical components, the Emergency Department is, by

far, the most important unit where priority should be given in setting aside all the manpower, material and technological needs. The rest of the other clinical areas should be regarded as secondary to the Emergency Services. The emergency Department, again, has the following components:

1. Emergency OPD: Comprising - Emergency Medicine OPD, Emergency Surgery OPD, Reception and Registration Counter, Police Picket.

2. Emergency Wards: Comprising - Medical Ward,

- Surgical Ward, 3. Emergency Operation Theatre: Comprising - Two Operation Rooms (2 Tables), - Recovery Room. 4. Emergency Laboratory: Consisting of - Clinical pathology and Hematology, - Biochemistry, - Microbiology. 5. Emergency X-Rays and Imaging: consisting of - X-Rays, - Ultrasound, - CT Scan. 6. Ambulance Service : Comprising - 2 Ambulances equipped with life-saving gadgets and manned by paramedics. - Emergency Attendants trained in patients’ transportation.

7. Mass Casualty Flow-Chart: to be enacted, rectified and constantly improved.

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Adequate stock of all essential drugs and other consumable items (including buffer stock for mass casualty) is to be maintained in each of these components at all time under the charge and supervision of the Emergency Nursing Supervisor ( Sister i/c) These components of Emergency Department will function 24 hours a day and 7 days a week, co-ordinate and constantly improved in all spheres under an Assistant Medical Superintendent (AMS) or Senior Medical Officer (SMO) . Each of these components needs to be well-organized and well-equipped for the department to function smoothly and efficiently. 13.2. MANUAL FOR THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT Preamble: Formulating a manual for this Emergency Department, as of now, entails laying down the policies for the goal of rendering proper emergency services ( as highlighted earlier) at all times, and make necessary modifications in the department’s lay out, manpower and duty roster accordingly. The new OPD Block, presently under construction, needs to be completed an d commissioned in order to have rooms for better functioning, which are at present utilized as the makeshift OPDs. And still better would be to plan the department in the location of the present Aizawl Police station when it is shifted out to its new location. Policies: The policies need to be changed for the better from time to time. Present policies may be laid down as follows: 1.The department will be looked after by the SMO or a designated AMS (Emergency Department). 2.Emergency OPD should be manned by a regular Medical officer at all times (Not trainee doctors alone who may be posted only to help and learn from the MO as the course of their training). 3.Reception and Registration Counter, manned by staff of the Medical record Department , at all time, assisted by 2 attendants trained in patient transportation. This may necessitate increasing the MRD staff and the hospital IV Grade staff/drivers as well as the vehicles. 4. Emergency Ward needs to be increased to at least 20 beds (10 medical and 10 surgical beds).

5 Emergency Laboratory and X-Ray Services need to be installed, preferably in the department’s vicinity, or in the respective departments for the time being. Additional manpower and equipments will be needed for the purpose.

6 Emergency Operation Theater needs to be started as soon as spaces/Rooms are available. (This will necessitate recruiting additional manpower, which can be worked out easily).

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All the hospital resources should be concentrated on organizing the Emergency Department and making it functions properly prior to all other services. 13.3. THE MANUAL: I. Emergency OPD: A. Emergency Medical Officers :

1. Regular doctors (not trainees) should always be on duty in the Emergency OPD in 3 shifts (ie. Morning :9AM – 3PM, Evening : 3PM – 9PM, Night : 9PM – 9AM)

2. The Medical Officer on duty should attend to all cases personally, make decisions and take actions accordingly. He/She should never rely on trainees (House Staff/Internees) or the Nursing Staff at any stage of his patient- attendance. He/She should develop the system of meticulous assessment of each and every patient, however minor ailment it may appear to be.

3. Patients disposed of as minor OPD cases should be allowed to go well satisfied ,made to understand his problems and the treatment given with clear instructions on what to do in case of any problem. 4. Patients needing admission should be admitted in the

Emergency Ward only after making all the necessary case records, appropriate base-line work-up done immediately, and necessary appropriate treatment started in the ward, such as I.V. Line, pain relief, Monitoring of vitals and Fluid charting, etc. ( Antibiotics should be started only for clear-cut indications, indiscriminate use of antibiotics should be avoided).

5. In case of dearth of Emergency Beds, the old cases in the

Emergency Ward should be transferred to the most suitable Wards with the knowledge of the specialists in-charge of the case, or the specialist concerned may be entrusted in transferring the patient out as far as practicable. No patient should be transferred from the Emergency Ward without the knowledge of the concerned specialist.

6. Referral of cases to the concerned specialists should be done

freely utilizing the hospital intercom or mobile phones. The Emergency Medical Officer should have list of specialists on call at the time. House Surgeons or House Physicians should not be addressed to for consultations, they will only act according to their specialist’s directions.

7. Special/Invasive investigations may be done only in consultation with the concerned specialist. However, necessary

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base-line investigations should be initiated freely. All diagnostic investigations done in the Emergency Department should be regarded as ‘Urgent’ even in the routine hours, and due priority given as such.

8. The Emergency Medical Officer, on taking over the duty should

take rounds of all cases in the OPD and Ward with the M.O being relieved, and know the diagnosis, things pending, planned treatment and current status of each of the patients in the department.

9. Medico Legal Cases : A ‘Medico legal Cases’ file should be

maintained in the Emergency OPD in which records of Medico legal Cases who are not admitted should be filed as confidential.(Case files of admitted Medico legal cases are preserved in the Medical Record Department. This files should be stamped ‘MEDICOLEGAL’ at the time of admission)

A. Medico legal case Record should contain:

a) Patient’s particulars : Name, Age, Sex, Parent’s/Guardian’s Name

Full address, Phone No ( if available) Left thumb impression of the patient. b) Particulars of persons who bring the patient ( ideally 2 persons ) Name, Parent’s/Guardian’s Name Full address, Phone No ( if any)

c) Brief history, clinical findings in detail, summary of investigative findings, diagnosis and treatment given with advice.

d) Police Information: In writing (duplicate copy of which, duly signed by the police officer who receives it indicating date and time, should be attached in the case record) or, by phone ( Time of the phone call and name of the receiver should be noted in the case record. The Emergency Nursing Supervisor will be in-charge of this M.L.C. file) The following cases should be considered ‘medico legal’: All alleged assaults, All road traffic accidents, All industrial injuries, All injuries sustained in the course of performing official duties. All suicidal injuries, All cases of poisoning, All suspected Child Abuse, All unknown /unidentified patients,

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All patients brought dead ( Body after CPR attempt for at least 20 Mins. should be handed over to the police who will sign the ‘receipt’ to be kept in the file with the other case records). All victims of Mass casualty. B. Emergency Nursing Staff :

1. The Emergency Nursing Supervisor (i.e., Sister-in charge) will be responsible for –

a. Always keeping adequate buffer stock of all essential drugs/items which should be utilized freely.

b. Always having and maintaining adequate number of essential equipments such as Patient Trolleys, Suction Machines, Laryngoscope, Endotracheal tubes, Ventilators and Ambubags, Cardiac Defibrillators, BP instruments, ECG Machines, Stethoscopes, etc.

c. Always having adequate supply of clean linens and bedside items.

d. Ample supply of all stationary items. e. Safe keeping of patients’ valuables, ‘ lost and found’ items,

medico legal specimens, etc. whenever necessary. f. Proper record keeping and inventory for all the above

items. g. Manpower allocation (duty rosters, responsibilities, etc.) of

the nursing and IV Grade staff.

The senior most Staff Nurse will take charge in her absence.

2. At least 2 staff nurses should be on duty in the Emergency OPD at all times.

3. Emergency nurses should not be rotated in the other sections of

the hospital; Emergency OPD and Ward nurses can rotate as convenient.

4. All Emergency nurses should be trained in basic critical patient-

Care such as taking ECG, administering nebulizer, endotracheal intubation, application of Cardiac Defibrillator, monitoring of CVP and basic CPR of critical patients, etc.

5. Emergency nurses should take rounds of all patients under their care at the time of taking over with the previous nurse who is being relieved. She should know the diagnosis, things pending, plan to treatment and current status of each of the patients under their care. Any doubt regarding these may be cleared with the Emergency Medical Officer.

C. Emergency Registration and Reception Counter:

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1. This counter should be at the main entrance of the department, and manned 24 hours by a ‘Receptionist’ (a staff of Medical Record Department), at least 2 ‘Emergency attendants’( in uniforms) who are trained in ‘patient transportation’ and ‘first aid’, an ‘ambulance Driver’ and 2 ‘paramedics’ who are also similarly well-trained.

2. Patient will be received, registered and issued Emergency OPD

Card with registration number starting from Emg.1 from 12:00A.M on every 1st January.

3. Patients transportation should be done only by or under the

supervision of the Emergency Attendants assisted by the others on duty in the counter as necessary, and ambulatory patients should be helped, accompanied and directed as far as practicable. Patients and relatives should never be allowed to venture alone in the hospital unguided.

4. At least 2 well- equipped ambulance should be at readiness at all

times in the department. D. Police Picket: 1. This will be an out-post of the Aizawl Police Station with the

hospital campus as its jurisdiction. 2. It will be manned by a Sub- Inspector as the Officer in- charge,

an Assistant Sub-Inspector as the second in-command, and a number of constables to cover 24 hours duty.

3. The Police Officers will take charge of all the medico legal

formalities of cases reported to them by the Emergency Medical Officers, taking necessary investigations, making detail reports and records in the appropriate Registers and file.

4. The officers will be responsible for maintenance of hospital

security as whole, assisted by the hospital security staff. They will have direct links with all the sections of the hospital.

5. The co-ordination of the roles of the Police and the various

hospital functionaries will be constantly rectified and improved. II. Emergency Ward: 2. Patients needing admission to the ward should be admitted with

proper case records. No patient should be kept in the emergency bed with OPD card for observation however short the stay may be.

3. All patients should be closely monitored and records should be

completed and clear.

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4. Appropriate basic investigations should be done immediately and

concerned specialists called in as soon as clarified regardless of the investigation reports. Cases will be taken over by the concerned specialists and transferred to the main wards as soon as possible giving priority to the emergency cases over the routine OPD patients; except in case of patients needing active multi- specialty care, for which these patients may best be kept in the emergency ward.

5. The Emergency Medical Officer should be actively involved in the care of all patients in the department, even of those taken over by the concerned specialty.

III. Emergency Operation: So long as the emergency operations are performed in the routine OTs until we can start a separate ‘Emergency Operation Theatre’,the following rules will be followed. 1. The patient needing emergency operation will be ‘worked-up’

and seen by the appropriate specialties as deemed necessary, including the anesthesiologist on-call, in the emergency ward. Once cleared for the planned operation, the case should be transferred to the main ward for further necessary pre-operative preparations. Further necessary measures will be taken in the respective OTs.

2. It is the responsibility of the concerned specialist to clarify all doubts for the patient and relatives about the case and the planned surgical treatment.

3. Informed consent should be insisted upon for all emergency surgical operations.

IV. Emergency Laboratory: 1. There should be a well equipped Emergency Laboratory manned

by adequate number of laboratory Technicians, Lab. Assistants and Lab. Attendants, functioning 24 hours.

2. The Emergency Laboratory may best be located in the close

vicinity of the Emergency Department. 3. The Emergency Laboratory will do limited specified number of

tests deemed appropriate and relevant, and notified by the Hospital authority.

4. It will cater all the specified tests requisitioned for the emergency OPD and emergency ward patients as well as all the urgent tests requisitioned for the other ward patients.

5. Requisitions for all Emergency Laboratory tests should be labeled

‘URGENT’, and written clearly indicating the grounds for the urgency.

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6. Proper Register should be maintained for all the tests enabling duplicate reports to be made if and when required.

7. All Laboratory Reports should be clear, legible and bear the date

/time of reporting (Reports without date cannot be utilized as valid documents); The reports will be kept in a tray at a suitable location to be collected by the respective concerned staff.

8. Blood transfusion service should be available 24 hours a day. V. Emergency X-Rays and Imaging: 1. Emergency X-Rays will be taken in the Department of Radio

diagnosis and Imaging by a Technician on-call, any time of the day and as soon as requisitioned. All emergency X-Ray requisition should be labeled ‘URGENT’ and the nature of urgency indicated clearly. Discussion of specific points on the causes between the clinicians and other Emergency X-Ray staff may be encouraged for best benefit.

2. Emergency Ultrasound and CT Scanning should be made

available any time of the day. The concerned clinicians should communicate with the concerned X-Rays and Imaging staff on- call about the case.

3. The clinical that requisitions the X-Rays or other imaging study

will be responsible about the safety of the patients during transfer and study. All patients for these studies should be transferred to and fro only by the Emergency Attendants.

4. Reports of the investigations (or wet films as the case may be)

should be immediately handed over to the concerned clinician, who will note down the findings in the patient’s file, indicating the date and time of receiving the report.

VI. Mass Casualty: 1. By ‘Mass Casualty’ is meant a mishap or incidence causing a

number of casualties large enough to call for mobilization of extra-manpower and other resources from outside the hospital, over and above the normal capability of the hospital. In other words, multiple casualties that can be talked effectively within the usual hospital capability may not be classed ‘Mass casualty’.

2. The hospital ‘Mass Casualty Flow Chart’, which has been in effect since 2002, may be summarized as below: a) The Emergency medical Officer is the key person to receive report of ‘Mass Casualty’ (Phones: 232318/100). On receipt of the information, The Emergency M.O. will immediately inform the Medical Superintendent who is the overall in-charge in such a situation. Together, they will decide on the issue of it

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being ‘mass casualty’ and act accordingly. The Emergency M.O. will go ahead preparing the Emergency Department to receive casualties, and alert all the staff who is likely to be involved.

3. The Medical Superintendent will immediately call the following officers to his office:

a. Deputy Medical Superintendent. b. Senior Medical Officer ( Administration) c. Senior Medical Officer ( Emergency Department) d. State Medico legal Adviser. e. Nursing Superintendent.

This group will evaluate the situation quickly and decide on

how much preparation to organize depending on the magnitude of the incidence, with each one of them having the following defined roles:

i) The Deputy Medical Superintendent

(will act as the Medical Superintendent in his absence) a) Inform Dawrpui Branch YMA for setting up ‘Reception

and Information Centre’ b) Direct the Reception and Information Centre. c) Direct volunteers, police, etc. d) Liaise with VIPs, Press, etc. e) Responsible for official Press Release.

ii ) The Senior Medical Officer ( Administration) (will act as the Deputy Medical Superintendent in his absence): a) Mobilize ambulance service (arranging doctors, nurses and Drivers with necessary equipments, assisted by the Nursing Superintendent) b) Inform the Head Assistant (Office) to be present and allocate Staff in the Office. c)Inform the Generator Operator to keep things ready. d)Inform the Telephone Operator to be in station. e)Arrange Identification Badges (for staff, volunteers, press-men etc) f)Arrange refreshments if and as required.

iii) The Senior Medical Officer (Emergency Department)

(will act as the Senior Medical Officer ( Administration) in his Absence) a) Inform all heads of departments (who are supposed to

know their respective roles). b) Arrange ‘Triage’. c) Be an overall in-charge of the Emergency Department.

iv) The State Medico legal Adviser:

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a) Inform the police (regarding medico legal formalities, traffic control, crowd control, etc). b) Inform the Medical Record Officer. c) Be in- charge of the P.A. System. d) Supervise the medico legal aspect of cases. e) Arrange and direct mortuary. f) Be in-charge of autopsies.

v) The Nursing Superintendent:

(Will be assisted by the Assistant Nursing Superintendent who will take charge in her absence) a) Inform O.T. staff. b) Mobilized the IV Grade staff. c) Arrange extra drugs and other essential items. d) Arrange extra linens. e) Arrange extra beds and spaces. f) Detail additional staff. g) Assist in arrangement of ambulance services. h) Arrange safe custody of personal belongings and valuables of patients.

3. The Medical Superintendent is responsible in having this ‘system’ at readiness at all times. He should assess the provisions, awareness, preparedness and readiness of all the concerned personnel from time to time. Regular seminars and occasional ‘Mock Drills’ should be organized to constantly improve the effectiveness and quality.

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APPENDIX – I

GOVERNMENT OF MIZORAM RELIEF & REHABILITATION DEPARTMENT

NOTIFICATION

Dated Aizawl, the 23rd May, 2006

No. B. 13011/17/2006 – REH: In pursuance of the provision under Sec.14 of the Disaster Management Act, 2005, the Governor of Mizoram is pleased to constitute the State Disaster Management Authority for Mizoram with the following composition with immediate effect and until further orders: 1. The Chief Minister : Chairperson 2. Minister, Relief & Rehabilitation : Vice-Chairperson 3. Minister, Planning & Programme Implementation: Member 4. Minister, Finance : Member 5. Minister, PHE : Member 6. Minister Rural Development : Member 7. Minister, LAD : Member 8. Minister, Health & Family Welfare : Member 9. Minister, PWD : Member 10. Chief Secretary : Chief Executive Officer

(Ex-officio)

2. The terms of office of the State Authority shall be 3 years. 3. Powers and Functions:

Subjects to the provision of the Disaster Management Act, 2005, the State Authority shall be responsible for the following. (i) Lay down the state disaster management policy. (ii) Approve the State Plan in accordance with the guidelines laid down by the National Authority. (iii) Approve the disaster management plans prepared by the state Govt. Departments. (iv) Lay down guidelines to be followed by the State Govt. departments for the purpose of integration of measures for prevention of disaster and mitigation in their development plans and projects and provide necessary technical assistance therein. (v) Coordinate the implementation of the State Plan. (vi) Recommend provision of funds for mitigation and preparedness measures. (vii) Review the development plans of different State Govt. departments and ensure that preventions and mitigation measures are integrated therein.

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(viii) Review the measures being taken for mitigation, capacity building and preparedness by the State Govt. Departments and issue such guidelines as may be necessary. (ix) Lay down Guidelines for providing standards of relief to persons affected by disaster in the State, provided that such standards shall in no case be less than the minimum standards in the Guidelines laid down by the National Authority. 4. Subject to ex-post facto ratification by the State Authority, the chairperson shall, in case of emergency, have the power to exercise all or any of the powers of the State Authority. 5. The State Authority shall meet as and when necessary and at such place and time as the chairperson of the State Authority may think fit.

Sd/- ROCHILA SAIAWI Commissioner/Secretary to the Govt. Of

Mizoram Relief & Rehabilitation Department

Memo No. B. 13011/17/2006 – REH: Dated Aizawl, the 23rd May`06 Copy to: 1) Secretary to the Governor, Mizoram. 2) PS to Speaker/Dy. Speaker. 3) PS to Chief Minister. 4) PS to all Ministers/MOS 5) All Administrative Departments. 6) All Head of Departments. 7) All Deputy Commissioners. 8) Chief Executive Member, Mara Autonomous District Council, Saiha/Lai Autonomous District Council, Lawngtlai/Chakma Autonomous District Council, Chawngte. 9) Controller, Printing & Stationery with 7 (seven) spare copies for publication in the Mizoram Gazette.

Sd/- ( ROCHILA SAIAWI ) Commissioner/Secretary to the Govt. Of Mizoram

Relief & Rehabilitation Department

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APPENDIX – II


NOTIFICATION


No. B. 13011/17/2006 – REH: In pursuance of the provisions under Sec 20 of the Disaster Management Act, 2005, and in order to assist the State Disaster Management Authority in the performance of its functions and to coordinate actions in accordance with the guidelines laid down by the State Authority and ensure compliance of directions issued by the State Government under the said Act, the Governor of Mizoram is pleased to constitute the ‘State Executive Committee’ with the following compositions with immediate effect and until further orders : 1. Chief Secretary, Govt. of Mizoram - Chairperson 2. Commissioner, Planning/Finance - Member 3. Commissioner/Secretary Home Deptt. - Member 4. Engineer-in-Chief, PWD - Member 5. Commissioner, Relief & Rehabilitation - Member Secretary 2.1 Powers & Functions:

The State Executive Committee shall have the responsibility for implementation of the National Plan and State Plan and act as the coordinating and monitoring body for disaster management in the State. 2.2 Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of sub-section (1) of Sec. 22 of the Disaster Management Act, 2005, the Executive Committee may – (a) coordinate and monitor the implementation of the National Plan and State plan.

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(b) examine the vulnerability of the different parts of the State to different forms of disasters and specify measures to be taken for their prevention and mitigation. (c) lay down guidelines for preparation of disaster management plans by the departments of the Government of the State and District Authorities. (d) monitor the implementation of disaster management plans prepared by the department of the Government of the State and District Authorities. (e) monitor the implementation of the guidelines laid down by the State Authority for integrating of measures for prevention of disasters and mitigation by the departments in their development plans and projects. (f) evaluate preparedness at all governmental or nongovernmental levels to respond to any threatening disaster situation or disaster and give directions, where necessary, for enhancing such preparedness. (g) coordinate response in the event of any threatening disaster situation or disaster. (h) give directions to any Department of the Government of the State or any other authority or body in the State regarding actions to be taken in response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster. (i) promote general education, awareness and community training in regard to the forms of disasters to which different parts of the State are vulnerable and the measures that may be taken by such community to prevent the disaster, mitigate and respond to such disaster. (j) advise, assist and coordinate the activities of the Departments of the Government of the State, district Authorities, statutory bodies and other governmental and non-governmental organizations engaged in disaster management. (k) provide necessary technical assistance or give advice to District Authorities and local authorities for carrying out their functions effectively. (l) advise the State Government regarding all financial matters in relation to disaster management. (m) examine the construction, in any local area in the State and, if it is of the opinion that the standards laid for such construction for the prevention of disaster is not being or has not been followed, may direct the District Authority or the local authority, as these may be, to take such action as may necessary to secure compliance of such standards; (n) provide information to the National Authority relating to different aspects of disaster management. (o) lay down, review and update State level response plans and guidelines and ensure that the district level plans are prepared, reviewed and updated. (p) ensure that communication system are in order and the disaster management drills are carried necessary. (q) perform such other functions as may be assigned to it by the

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State Authority or as it may consider necessary. 3. For the purpose of, assisting and protecting the community affected by disaster or providing relief to such community or, preventing or combating disruption or dealing with the effects of any threatening disaster situation, the State Executive Committee may – (a) control and restrict, vehicular traffic to, from or within, the vulnerable on effected area. (b) control and restrict the entry of any person into, his movement within and departure from, a vulnerable or affected area. (c) remove debris, conduct search and carry out rescue operations. (d) provide shelter, food, drinking water, essential provisions, healthcare and services in accordance with the standards laid down by the National Authority and State Authority. (e) give direction to the concerned Department of the Government of the State, and District Authority or other authority or other authority, within the local limits of the State to take such measures or steps for rescue, evacuation or providing immediate relief saving lives or property, as may be necessary in its opinion. (f) require any department of the Government of the State or nay other body or authority or person in charge of any relevant resources to make available the resources for the purposes of emergency response, rescue and relief. (g) require experts and consultants in the field of disasters to provide advice and assistance for rescue and relief. (h) procure exclusive or preferential use of amenities from any authority or person and when required. (i) construct temporary bridges or other necessary structure and demolish unsafe structures which may be hazardous to public. (j) ensure that non-governmental organizations carry out their activities in an equitable and non-discriminatory manner. (k) disseminate information to public to deal with any threatening disaster situation or disaster. (l) take such steps as the Central Government or the State Government may direct in this regard or take such other steps as are required or warranted by the form of any threatening disaster situation or disaster. 4. The Chairperson of the State Executive Committee shall exercise such powers and such functions as may be prescribed by the State Government and such other powers and functions as may be delegated to him by the State Authority. 5. The procedure to be followed by the State Executive Committee in exercise of its powers and discharge of its functions shall be such as prescribed by the State Government. 6. The State Executive Committee may, as and when considers necessary, constitute one more sub-committees, for efficient discharge

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of its functions. The Chairperson of the sub-committee shall be appointed by the State Executive Committee from amongst its members.

Sd/-ROCHILA SAIAWI Commissioner/Secretary to the Govt. of Mizoram


Memo No. B. 13011/17/2006– REH: Dated Aizawl, the 23rd May, 2006 Copy to: 1) Secretary to the Governor of Mizoram. 2) PS to Speaker/Dy. Speaker. 3) PS to Chief Minister. 4) PS to all Minister/Minister of State. 5) All Administrative Departments. 6) All Head of Department. 7) All Deputy Commissioners. 8) Chief Executive Member, Mara Autonomous District Council, Saiha/Lai Autonomous District Council, Lawngtlai/Chakma Autonomous District Council, Chawngte. 9) Controller, Printing & Stationery with 7 (seven) spare copies for publication in the Mizoram Gazette.

Sd/- ROCHILA SAIAWI Commissioner/Secretary to the Govt. of

Mizoram Relief & Rehabilitation Department

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APPENDIX – III


NOTIFICATION


No. B. 13011/17/2006 – REH: In pursuance of the provisions under Section 25 of the Disaster Management Act, 2005, the Governor of Mizoram is pleased to constitute the “District Disaster Management Authority” for every District in Mizoram with the following composition, with immediate effect and until further orders: 1. Chairperson : Deputy Commissioner (Ex-Officio) 2. Co-Chairperson : Project Director, DRDA (CEM

MADC/LAD/LADC for sixth Scheduled areas)

3. Members : 1) Superintendent of Police. 2) Chief Medical Officer.

3) Executive Engineer, PWD (Govt. nominated)

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4) Executive Engineer, PHE (Govt. Nominated)

6. Chief Executive Officer : Additional Deputy Commissioner

2. Power & Functions: Subject to the provisions under the Disaster Management Act,

2005 and in accordance with the guidelines laid down by the National Authority and the State Authority, the District Authority shall act as the planning, coordinating and implementing body for disaster management in the District and shall also be responsible for the following:- (i) Prepare a District Management Plan, including District Response Plan for the District. (ii) Coordinate and monitor the implementation of National Policy, State Policy, National Plan, State plan and District Plan. (iii) Ensure that the areas in the District vulnerable to disaster are indentified and measures for the preventions of disasters and mitigation of its effects are undertaken by all the District Level Government Departments and the local authorities. (iv) Ensure that the guide line for prevention of disasters, mitigation of its effects, preparedness and response measures as laid down by the National Authority and the State Authority are followed by all the District level State Government Departments and the local authorities. (v) Give directions to different District level authorities and local authorities to take such other measures for the prevention or mitigation of disaster as may be necessary. (vi) Monitor the implementation of Disaster Management plan prepared by the District Level Govt. Departments and local authorities. (vii) Lay down guidelines to be followed by the District Level State Government departments for the purpose of integration of measures for prevention of disaster and mitigation in their development plans and projects and provide necessary technical assistance therefore, and monitoring the implementation of such measures. (viii) Review the capabilities for responding to any disaster or threatening disaster situation in the District and give directions to the relevant Departments or authorities at the District level for their up-gradation as may be necessary. (ix) Review the preparedness measures and give directions to the District level or other concerned authorities, where necessary, for bringing the preparedness measures to the levels required for responding effectively to any disaster or threatening disaster situation. (x) Organise and coordinate specialized training programme for different levels of officers, employees and voluntary rescue workers in the District. (xi) Facilitate Community training and awareness programmes for

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prevention of disaster or mitigation with the support of local authorities, Governmental and non-governmental organizations. (xii) Set up, maintain, review and upgrade the mechanism for early warning and dissemination of proper information to the public. (xiii) Prepare, review and upgrade the District level Response Plan and Guidelines. (xiv) Coordinate response to any threatening disaster situation of disaster. (xv) Ensure that the District Level Government Departments and local authorities prepare their response plans in accordance with the District Response Plan. (xvi) Lay down guideline, or give directions to the concerned District Level State Government Departments or any other authorities within the local limits of the District, to take measures to respond effectively to any threatening disaster or disaster. (xvii) Advise, assist and coordinate the activities of the District Level State Government Departments, statutory bodies and other governmental or non-governmental organizations engaged in disaster management in the District. (xviii) Coordinate with, and give guidance to, local authorities in the District to ensure that measures for the prevention or mitigation or threatening disaster situation or disaster in the District are carried out promptly and effectively. (xix) Provide necessary technical assistance or give advice to the local authorities in the District for carrying out their functions effectively. (xx) Review the developmental plans prepared by the District level State Government Departments, statutory authorities or local authorities with a view to make necessary provisions therein for prevention of disaster or mitigation. (xxi) Examine the construction in any area in the District and, if it is of the opinion that the standards for the prevention of disaster or mitigation laid down for such construction is not being, or has not been followed, may direct the concerned authority to take such actions as may be necessary to secure compliance of such standards. (xxii) Identify buildings and places which could, in the event of any threatening disaster or disaster, be used as relief centres and make arrangements for water supply and sanitation in such buildings and places. (xxiii) Establish stock piles of relief and rescue materials or ensure preparedness to make such materials available at a short notice. (xxiv) Provide information to the State Authority relating to different aspects of disaster management. (xxv) Encourage the involvement of NGOs and voluntary social welfare institutions working at the grass root level in the District for disaster management. (xxvi) Ensure that communication systems are in order, and disaster management drills are carried out periodically. (xxvii) Perform such other functions as the State Government or State

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Authority may assign to it or as deems necessary for disaster management in the District. 3. Powers of the Chairperson (1) The Chairperson of the District Authority shall, in the additions to presiding over the meetings of the District Authority, exercise and discharge such powers and functions of the District Authorities as the District Authority may delegate to him. (2) Subject to the expose facto ratifications by the District Authority, the Chairpersons of the District Authority, in the case of an emergency, have the power to exercise all or any of the powers of the District Authority. 4. The District Authority or the Chairperson of the District Authority may, be general or special order in writing, delegate such of its or his powers and functions to the Chief Executive Officer, subject to such conditions and limitations, if any, as it or he deems fit. 5. The District Authority shall meet as and when necessary and at such time and place as the Chairperson may think fit.

Sd/- ROCHILA SAIAWI Commissioner/Secretary to the Govt. of Mizoram


Memo No. B. 13011/17/2006 – REH: Dated Aizawl, the 6th June, 2006 Copy to: 1) Secretary to the Governor of Mizoram. 2) PS to Speaker/Dy. Speaker. 3) PS to Chief Minister. 4) PS to all Minister/Minister of State. 5) All Administrative Departments. 6) All Head of Department. 7) All Deputy Commissioners. 8) Chief Executive Member, Mara Autonomous District Council, Saiha/Lai Autonomous District Council, Lawngtlai/Chakma Autonomous District Council, Chawngte. 9) Controller, Printing & Stationery with 7 (seven) spare copies for publication in the Mizoram Gazette.

Sd/- (JOHNY T.O) Joint Secretary to the Govt. of Mizoram Relief & Rehabilitation Department

DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN AIZAWL DISTRICT

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Transcript of DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN AIZAWL DISTRICT