Design Concept of 3311 Kv Substation

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DESIGN CONCEPTS OF DESIGN CONCEPTS OF 33/11kV NEW 33/11kV NEW SUBSTATION SUBSTATION

description

Design Concept of 3311 Kv Substation

Transcript of Design Concept of 3311 Kv Substation

Page 1: Design Concept of 3311 Kv Substation

DESIGN CONCEPTS DESIGN CONCEPTS OF 33/11kV NEW OF 33/11kV NEW

SUBSTATIONSUBSTATION

Page 2: Design Concept of 3311 Kv Substation

Planning 33/11kV Sub-StationPlanning 33/11kV Sub-Station

A- Decision of location A- Decision of location a-The location should be best suited at the load a-The location should be best suited at the load

centre of the 11kV net-work centre of the 11kV net-work b-Load density and voltage-regulation.b-Load density and voltage-regulation. c-Capacity of the substation should be decided c-Capacity of the substation should be decided

keeping in view the future growth of the load keeping in view the future growth of the load for at least next 5years without needing any for at least next 5years without needing any augmentation.augmentation.

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Cont’dCont’d

d- Selection of the site of sub-stationd- Selection of the site of sub-station (i) Site should be free from all obstructions with (i) Site should be free from all obstructions with

the convenience of terminating H.V. lines.the convenience of terminating H.V. lines. (ii) Site should not be in a low-lying area otherwise (ii) Site should not be in a low-lying area otherwise

it may get flooded during rainy seasons.it may get flooded during rainy seasons. (iii) Site should be as near to the main roads as (iii) Site should be as near to the main roads as

possible and easily approachable in all the seasons.possible and easily approachable in all the seasons.

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Cont’dCont’d

(iv) As far as possible it should be near a (iv) As far as possible it should be near a town and away from garbage dumping town and away from garbage dumping ground to avoid vulture faults. Site should ground to avoid vulture faults. Site should have drinking water facility. It should not be have drinking water facility. It should not be within 3 km from aerodrome. It should not within 3 km from aerodrome. It should not be near military or police shooting ranges. be near military or police shooting ranges.

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Cont’dCont’d(v) (v) There should have adequate land keeping in view the There should have adequate land keeping in view the

requirements for installation of required requirements for installation of required equipments-equipments-

Land for 2x3MVA is approx 50x40metresLand for 2x3MVA is approx 50x40metres For staff quarters Approx 3 acresFor staff quarters Approx 3 acres(vi) Land should be in level and should not have any (vi) Land should be in level and should not have any

nallah or road crossing on it.nallah or road crossing on it.(vii) The site should be selected so as to accommodate (vii) The site should be selected so as to accommodate

the length of 11kv outgoing feeder to connect the the length of 11kv outgoing feeder to connect the existing net work. It should be possible to be taken existing net work. It should be possible to be taken out 4-5 numbers of 11kV feeders. out 4-5 numbers of 11kV feeders.

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Orientation of the Sub-StationOrientation of the Sub-Station

It should be such that the incoming and It should be such that the incoming and

outgoing feeders are easily accessible to the outgoing feeders are easily accessible to the sub-station structures.sub-station structures.

Scope must be kept for future extension for Scope must be kept for future extension for additional feeders in future additional feeders in future

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Planning the LayoutPlanning the Layout

Should be economicalShould be economical Ease of operation and maintenanceEase of operation and maintenance Safety of operating professionalSafety of operating professional

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Substation EquipmentsSubstation Equipments

Structures Structures Power transformersPower transformers Circuit Breakers Circuit Breakers H.T. FusesH.T. Fuses Isolating SwitchesIsolating Switches Bus bar ArrangementBus bar Arrangement InsulatorsInsulators Lightning Protection equipments-LAsLightning Protection equipments-LAs

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Cont’dCont’d Instrument transformers -Current and Voltage Instrument transformers -Current and Voltage

transformers for –transformers for – (i) Protection System(i) Protection System (ii)Metering system(ii)Metering system

CONTROL Panels with Various types of relays CONTROL Panels with Various types of relays and instrumentsand instruments

Control roomControl room Cables-Cables-(i)(i) Power cablesPower cables(ii)(ii) Control cablesControl cables

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Cont’dCont’d

Batteries for D.C. supplyBatteries for D.C. supply Station transformerStation transformer Fencing / boundary wall, approach road, security hut etc.Fencing / boundary wall, approach road, security hut etc. Earthing systemEarthing system

Facilities:Facilities:(i) Lighting(i) Lighting(ii) Fire-fighting equipment(ii) Fire-fighting equipment(iii) Staff quarters(iii) Staff quarters

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StructuresStructures

Incoming – outgoing gantriesIncoming – outgoing gantries Mounting structures for Power Transformers, Station Mounting structures for Power Transformers, Station

Transformers, breakers, isolators, HT fuses, insulator Transformers, breakers, isolators, HT fuses, insulator supports ( For Post Insulators), C.Ts & P.Ts.supports ( For Post Insulators), C.Ts & P.Ts.

Bus-bar structures to provide entry from the overhead Bus-bar structures to provide entry from the overhead line to the s/s and to extend required number of line to the s/s and to extend required number of feeders (Bays). Similarly other structures required to feeders (Bays). Similarly other structures required to mount the operating and other accessories. Minimum mount the operating and other accessories. Minimum clearance from ground level and from any live part is clearance from ground level and from any live part is to be maintained as per I.E. Rules.to be maintained as per I.E. Rules.

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continuecontinue

Structure are fabricated from steel sections or Structure are fabricated from steel sections or rail and joist are used. P.C.C. poles cast in rail and joist are used. P.C.C. poles cast in reduced length (up to 7 meters) with strength reduced length (up to 7 meters) with strength of 400kg are also being used for economy of 400kg are also being used for economy purposes. purposes.

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Power transformersPower transformers

Power Transformers with different capacities are -Power Transformers with different capacities are -(i) 630kVA(i) 630kVA 33/11 step-down33/11 step-down (Delta/Dy11) (Delta/Dy11) (ii)1600kVA(ii)1600kVA(iii)3150kVA(iii)3150kVA(iv)5000kVA(iv)5000kVA Most of the Transformers are provided with off-circuit Most of the Transformers are provided with off-circuit

tap Changers.However On Load Tap Changers are tap Changers.However On Load Tap Changers are being provided in the Power Transformers with being provided in the Power Transformers with capacity of more than 5MVAcapacity of more than 5MVA

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Protecting DevicesProtecting DevicesA A Circuit BreakersCircuit Breakers (i) 33kV(i) 33kV Oil type circuit breakers. Now being replaced with Oil type circuit breakers. Now being replaced with

vaccum/SF6 circuit breakersvaccum/SF6 circuit breakers Normal current - 630Amps voltage 36kVNormal current - 630Amps voltage 36kV Rated short circuit current 25 kA for 3 Sec Rated short circuit current 25 kA for 3 Sec Metering and protection panel gets signals Metering and protection panel gets signals

through 11kV/110V PTs and CTs which are through 11kV/110V PTs and CTs which are provided with separate cores for metering and provided with separate cores for metering and protection System.protection System.

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Cont’dCont’d

(ii) 11kV (ii) 11kV Oil type circuit Breakers- Now being replaced Oil type circuit Breakers- Now being replaced

with SF6 or Vacuum Circuit Breakerswith SF6 or Vacuum Circuit Breakers Normal current-400Amps and 800AmpsNormal current-400Amps and 800Amps Short circuit current-25kA for 3SecsShort circuit current-25kA for 3Secs

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Continue Continue Breaker panel is provided with motor operated Breaker panel is provided with motor operated

spring charging mechanism which operates at spring charging mechanism which operates at 230V single phase AC supply.230V single phase AC supply.

Circuit breakers for Transformers of more than Circuit breakers for Transformers of more than 5MVA capacity are being provided. For lower 5MVA capacity are being provided. For lower capacity Transformers protection through HG capacity Transformers protection through HG fuses, on 33kV side are provided.fuses, on 33kV side are provided.

Outdoor type CTs and PTs are provided for 33kV Outdoor type CTs and PTs are provided for 33kV system. system.

CTs and PTs are supplied with 11kV breaker PanelCTs and PTs are supplied with 11kV breaker Panel

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HT FuseHT Fuse

Normally drop out fuse cut outs for current Normally drop out fuse cut outs for current rating of upto100Amps are being used. Fuses rating of upto100Amps are being used. Fuses have insulated base / fitting arrangements with have insulated base / fitting arrangements with creep-age distance to earth not less than creep-age distance to earth not less than 320mm 320mm

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Isolating SwitchesIsolating Switches Isolating SwitchesIsolating Switches-Switches are Used to isolate equipment for maintenance -Switches are Used to isolate equipment for maintenance

purposespurposes

33kV:33kV: For 33kV system horizontal type isolating switches are used. For 33kV system horizontal type isolating switches are used.

Rated normal current - 630A at 36kV. Rated normal current - 630A at 36kV.

11kV:11kV: Two type IS Are being usedTwo type IS Are being used (i) suitable for horizontal mounting (i) suitable for horizontal mounting (ii)suitable for vertical mounting ating(ii)suitable for vertical mounting ating Normal rating- 400amps- At 12kVNormal rating- 400amps- At 12kV

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Bus BarsBus Bars Two types of bus bars - Rigid and Strain typeTwo types of bus bars - Rigid and Strain type In rigid type- Pipes are used for bus-bar and also for In rigid type- Pipes are used for bus-bar and also for

making connections. These are supported on bus making connections. These are supported on bus post insulators and requires large space.As the bus post insulators and requires large space.As the bus bars are rigid the clearance remain constant.bars are rigid the clearance remain constant.

Minimum ground clearance 3660mm from ground. Minimum ground clearance 3660mm from ground. Since the clearance is not high, the maintenance is Since the clearance is not high, the maintenance is easy.easy.

The strain type Bus bars are over head system of The strain type Bus bars are over head system of wires betn. Two supporting structures.wires betn. Two supporting structures.

Material-ACSR Racoon for 33kV and 11kV bus-Material-ACSR Racoon for 33kV and 11kV bus-barsbars

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Cont’dCont’d

33kV&11kV outgoing and incoming feeders 33kV&11kV outgoing and incoming feeders kept at 6400mm for ground clearance. The kept at 6400mm for ground clearance. The other levels of live point in the s/s area are other levels of live point in the s/s area are different heights but a minimum of 3660mm is different heights but a minimum of 3660mm is to be maintained.to be maintained.

11kV jumpers are kept at 4500mm height for 11kV jumpers are kept at 4500mm height for ground clearance.ground clearance.

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InsulatorsInsulators

Adequate insulation is required for reliability Adequate insulation is required for reliability of supply, safety of personnel and equipment of supply, safety of personnel and equipment etc.etc.

Number of insulators is kept minimum for Number of insulators is kept minimum for aconomy reasons at the same time ensuring aconomy reasons at the same time ensuring reliability and security of supply.reliability and security of supply.

Special insulator with higher leakage Special insulator with higher leakage resistance to be used, where problem of resistance to be used, where problem of insulator pollution is expected insulator pollution is expected

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Lightning protectionLightning protection

Metal oxide lightning arresters are used as Metal oxide lightning arresters are used as they have gapless construction and respond to they have gapless construction and respond to over-voltage without any time delay. They over-voltage without any time delay. They have longer life and higher energy handling have longer life and higher energy handling capacity.capacity.

Rated voltage 30kV for use on 33kV system Rated voltage 30kV for use on 33kV system and 9kV for use on 11kV. Nominal discharge and 9kV for use on 11kV. Nominal discharge current rating 10 & 5kA current rating 10 & 5kA

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Instrument TransformersInstrument Transformers

Current Tranformers are required for protection & Current Tranformers are required for protection & metering systemmetering system

Standard ratings for 33/11kV S/S areStandard ratings for 33/11kV S/S are 300-150/5-5 or 5-5-1 Amps.300-150/5-5 or 5-5-1 Amps. 200-100/5-5 Amps.200-100/5-5 Amps. 100-50/5-5100-50/5-5 Amps. Amps. 50-25/5-5 Amps.50-25/5-5 Amps. Accuracy class for protection - 5P10 and for Accuracy class for protection - 5P10 and for

metering Class 1metering Class 1 Oil filled or Resin cast CTs are being used depending Oil filled or Resin cast CTs are being used depending

upon applicationupon application

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Cont’dCont’d

The CTs and PTs can be either Oil filled or The CTs and PTs can be either Oil filled or resin cast depending upon the applicationresin cast depending upon the application

Standard voltage ratio for PTs is 33kV / 110V Standard voltage ratio for PTs is 33kV / 110V or 11kV / 110V .or 11kV / 110V .

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Control and Relay PanelsControl and Relay Panels

C&R Panels normally consist ofC&R Panels normally consist of Ammeter with selector switch Ammeter with selector switch Voltmeter with selector switchVoltmeter with selector switch Energy meterEnergy meter IDMT RelaysIDMT Relays Differential Relay or REF relay for Transformer Differential Relay or REF relay for Transformer

protectionprotection Various indications and AnnunciationsVarious indications and Annunciations

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Control RoomControl Room

While designing control room requirement of While designing control room requirement of space for batteries, battery charger, ADLS, one space for batteries, battery charger, ADLS, one small store room should also be considered in small store room should also be considered in addition to space for 33kV C&R Panels and addition to space for 33kV C&R Panels and 11kV breaker panels along with sitting space 11kV breaker panels along with sitting space for operating staff.for operating staff.

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CABLESCABLES Care should be taken to segregate Power and Care should be taken to segregate Power and

control cables on separate racks so that in case of control cables on separate racks so that in case of fire in power cables, control cables are not fire in power cables, control cables are not damaged and vice versa.damaged and vice versa.

The trenches should be designed for easy entry The trenches should be designed for easy entry of cables and properly sloped so as to avoid of cables and properly sloped so as to avoid accumulation of water.accumulation of water.

If possible segregation of AC and DC cables If possible segregation of AC and DC cables should also be considered.should also be considered.

All cables should be labeled for proper All cables should be labeled for proper identification and sheath should be earthed .identification and sheath should be earthed .

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Battery and ChargerBattery and Charger

Normally 24/30 Volt, 150 AH lead acid or Normally 24/30 Volt, 150 AH lead acid or NICAD Battery banks are used.NICAD Battery banks are used.

The Charger should be Single Phase AC The Charger should be Single Phase AC operated Float cum Boost type having capacity operated Float cum Boost type having capacity of 5 Amps boost charging and 200 mA float of 5 Amps boost charging and 200 mA float Charging and should be fully automatic with Charging and should be fully automatic with alarm and indication system. alarm and indication system.

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Station TransformerStation Transformer

Station Transformer with a capacity of 63 or Station Transformer with a capacity of 63 or 100kVA capacity is normally sufficient to 100kVA capacity is normally sufficient to cater the needs of a 33/11kV substation.cater the needs of a 33/11kV substation.

However higher capacity station transformer However higher capacity station transformer may be considered if supply is considered to may be considered if supply is considered to be provided to the staff Colony. be provided to the staff Colony.

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Other FacilitiesOther Facilities

Boundary wall or FencingBoundary wall or Fencing Illumination of control room and switch yardIllumination of control room and switch yard Provision of Fire ExtinguishersProvision of Fire Extinguishers

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EarthingEarthing

Provision of adequate Earthing in a substation Provision of adequate Earthing in a substation is a must for safety of operating personnel and is a must for safety of operating personnel and proper operation of the syetm and protective proper operation of the syetm and protective devices.The primary requirements are –devices.The primary requirements are –

The earthing resistance should be as low as The earthing resistance should be as low as possible preferably less than 1 ohm.possible preferably less than 1 ohm.

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Earthing - cont’dEarthing - cont’d Provision of earthing for following is made in a Provision of earthing for following is made in a

substation – substation – Neutral point of each equipment / system such as Neutral point of each equipment / system such as

transformer, capacitor bank, PT etc should have two transformer, capacitor bank, PT etc should have two independent earthingsindependent earthings

Earthing of equipment enclosures and non current Earthing of equipment enclosures and non current carrying partscarrying parts

All metal frame works such as fencing wire mesh All metal frame works such as fencing wire mesh fencing pole illumination pole etc.fencing pole illumination pole etc.

Lightening arresters should also have two Lightening arresters should also have two independent earthings.independent earthings.

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Earthing – cont’dEarthing – cont’d

Factors considered while designing Earthing-Factors considered while designing Earthing- Duration of faultDuration of fault Magnitude of fault currentMagnitude of fault current Resistivity of underlying strataResistivity of underlying strata Resistivity of surface materialResistivity of surface material Material of the earth electrodesMaterial of the earth electrodes

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ConductorsConductorsLoading CapacityLoading Capacity

kW-km limit for Rabbit, weasel & squirrel kW-km limit for Rabbit, weasel & squirrel conductorsconductors

0.8 P.F. 0.7 P.F.0.8 P.F. 0.7 P.F.

a. Rabbit 11970a. Rabbit 11970 10800 10800 b. Weaselb. Weasel 8100 8100 7560 7560 c. Squirrelc. Squirrel 5760 5760 5445 5445

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STANDARDISATIONSTANDARDISATION : :

WHILE DESIGINING THE 33/11 KV SUBSTATIONS, THE DESIGNOR HAS TO KEEP IN MIND THE NEEDS FOR STANDARDISATION.

WHY STANDARDISATION,

AVOIDING REPETATION OF DESIGN REDUCTION IN DRAWING APPROVAL TIME UNIFORMITY IN THE PRODUCTS REDUCTION IN PROJECT IMPLEMENTATIONTIME MINIMUM DOWN TIME INTERCHANGEABILITY COST EFFECTIVENESS

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STANDARDISATIONSTANDARDISATION : :

POTENTIAL AREAS FOR STANDARDISATION :POTENTIAL AREAS FOR STANDARDISATION : LAYOUTLAYOUT STRUCTURESSTRUCTURES EARTHINGEARTHING CABLES & CABLE TRENCHCABLES & CABLE TRENCH BATTERY SIZINGBATTERY SIZING CLAMPS & CONNECTORSCLAMPS & CONNECTORS BUSBARSBUSBARS ILLUMINATIONILLUMINATION CONTROL, PROTECTION & METERINGCONTROL, PROTECTION & METERING CONTROL ROOM CONTROL ROOM ALL FOUNDATIONSALL FOUNDATIONS

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Minimum ClearancesMinimum ClearancesVoltage Voltage

levellevel

(kV)(kV)

StandarStandard bay d bay widths widths

(in (in Mtrs.)Mtrs.)

For equipments For equipments and rigid and rigid

conductors in airconductors in air

Phase to Phase spacing in Phase to Phase spacing in isolators and switchesisolators and switches

Phase Phase to to

phase phase (mm)(mm)

Phase to Phase to earth earth (mm)(mm)

Isolator Isolator (mm)(mm)

Switches with Switches with Arc Horns Arc Horns

(mm)(mm)

132132 9.59.5 17001700 10001000 21352135 30503050

6666 77 12201220 750750 15251525 21352135

3333 4.64.6 915915 610610 765765 12201220

1111 3.53.5 560560 305305 610610 915915

0.4150.415 ---- 380380 305305 ---- ----

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Other ParametersOther Parameters

Voltage Voltage levellevel

(kV)(kV)

Basic Basic Insulation Insulation

Level Level (BIL) kVp(BIL) kVp

Minimum Minimum creepage creepage distance distance

(mm)(mm)

Minimum Minimum clearance clearance to ground to ground

(mm)(mm)

Section Section clearance clearance

(mm)(mm)

132132 450 / 550 / 450 / 550 / 650650

11251125 46004600 3500 / 40003500 / 4000

110110 450 / 550450 / 550 30753075 46004600 3500 / 40003500 / 4000

6666 325325 1812.51812.5 46004600 35003500

3333 145 / 170145 / 170 560/900560/900 36503650 2750 / 30002750 / 3000

1111 60 / 7560 / 75 300300 32003200 2600 / 26002600 / 2600

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Thank YouThank You