Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

82
Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between the US and the Middle East: The Cases of Iran, Saudi Arabia and Iraq

Transcript of Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

Page 1: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between the US

and the Middle East: The Cases of Iran, Saudi Arabia and Iraq

Page 2: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between the US

and the Middle East: The Cases of Iran, Saudi Arabia and Iraq

Page 3: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between the US

and the Middle East: The Cases of Iran, Saudi Arabia and Iraq

Page 4: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...
Page 5: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...
Page 6: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

1

4

10

11

13

13

14

16

16

17

23

24

25

Page 7: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

1973197426

197330

32

35

38

39

41

42

44

46

49

50

55

62

Page 8: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...
Page 9: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

Abstract:

The researcher’s goal was to present a picture of the variety of responses on the part of the

United States towards the policies of others, through the case studies of three Middle Eastern

countries: Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Iran. The theoretical framework is that of dependency

theory, which divides the world into two categories, the center and the periphery. Countries of

the global center possess the attributes of economic and military power, whereas those of the

periphery, since they are less developed, lack these qualities and are thus placed in a

relationship of dependence with the center. In this study, an additional category has been

culled from a reading of Immanuel Wallerstein’s work, that of the semi-periphery. Countries

of the semi-periphery are situated on the continuum between periphery and center, having

more of the key economic and military attributes of the former, and less than the latter. This

nuanced and more intricate model of dependency theory makes it possible to analyse the

differentiated policy of the United States towards the three countries under study. It has acted

in the conviction that its strategic interests are best preserved by minimizing the number of

actors present in the semi-periphery, and has therefore done what it could to guarantee their

continued peripheral status. Given that the key strategic asset of the Middle Eastern region is

oil, it is even more essential from the point of view of the US to prevent the ascension of any

given actor to semi-peripheral status. To this end, it employed military force against Iraq,

precisely because the latter was making a sustained attempt to move from peripheral to semi-

peripheral status. Because Saudi Arabia has never made such an attempt, because its

investments in the United States are so important, and because of the reinforced presence of

US troops in the Arabian Peninsula, a military move against Saudi Arabia is unnecessary.

Indeed, Saudi Arabia remains a sure ally of the United States. The case of Iran lies

somewhere between the two previously mentioned, that is to say, between the certainty of a

military strike based on the attempted move to semi-peripheral status, and the certainty of

alliance based on respect for continued peripheral status. Despite Iran’s move towards semi-

peripheral statues, the United States is hesitant regarding the necessary response. The thesis

presents a detailed analysis of the cases at hand, in the context of dependency theory and the

broadened and more nuanced vision of the periphery.

Page 10: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

1963

Page 11: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...
Page 12: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

1

"Dependency Theory and the return of high politics"

"Rise and Demise: Comparing world systems".

Page 13: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

2

Page 14: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

3

Page 15: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

4

Page 16: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

5

1 Ferraro,Vincent.Dependency Theory:An Introduction.July 1996(Electronic version).(Retrieved 15 November

2007,from http/www.mtholyoke.ed)

2 Baran,Paul.(1957)."The Political

Economy

of

Growth"(Electronic

version).(Retrieved

6 January

2008,

from

http/www.economyprofessor.com/economictheories/dependency-theory.php).

Page 17: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

6

1960

1967198057

3 Novak,Michael.(1985).Latin America:Dependency or Interdependence?.Washington D.C:American

Enterprise Institute.p.9

4 Dos Santos,Theotonio.(1971).The

Structure

of

Dependence.Boston:PeterSargent.p.226

Page 18: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

7

19731974

1973

5 Tea'treault,Mary Ann.(1986).Dependency Theory and the Return of High Politics.New York:Green

wood

Press.p.29

6 19851

Page 19: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

8

7 Ferraro,Vincent.

"Dependency Theory:An Introduction

".July 1996(Electronic version).(Retrieved 15 November

2007,from http/www.mtholyoke.ed)

8. Novak,Micheal.(1985).Latin America:Dependency or Interdependence?.Washington D.C:American

Enterprise Institute.p90

9. Tea'treault,Mary Ann.(1986).Dependency Theory and the Return of High Politics.New York:Green wood

Press.p.44

Page 20: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

9

1956

10 Novak,p93

.

Page 21: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

10

11. Novak, p.94

12 Gunder Frank,Andre.(1972).The Development of Underdevelopment. New York:Anchor Books.p.2-4

13 Tae'trault, p.7

Page 22: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

11

14 Wallerstein,Immanuel."SEMI-PERIPHERAL COUNTRIES AND THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

CRISIS". Prepared for a seminar on "The Problems of the Capitalist World-Economy and Its Repercussions on

Developing Countries."Caracas,1975.Department of Sociology, State University of New York at

Binghamton.p.462-463

15 Wallerstein.p.466-468

Page 23: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

12

1985

16 Chase-Dunn,C.and Thomas D.Hall."Rise and Demise:Comparing world-systems".Boulder,Co:Westview

Press.(Electronic version).(Retrieved 15 January 2008,from http//www.irows.ucr.edu).

17 Chase-Dunn.

Page 24: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

13

Page 25: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

14

Page 26: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

15

Page 27: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

16

6201992

61.7

18

180-166ص.ت١غا شش ارص٠غ الإػلا: ت١شخ.اظشاع اذ ػ افظ اؼشت.(2000).تشجاط،دافظ19

. 96-94.ص.ؼذ الإاء اؼشت:ت١شخ.يذخم إن إسرراذيجيح انفط انؼرتي(.1981). ار١ش،ع١ش

Page 28: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

17

32

772.11992

257.81009492.9

1858

20

97.ص. فظ اظذس اغاتك21

"Middle east Petroleum Information Report".31 August 1994.No:20.

Page 29: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

18

19201907

1920

1924

1947

501935

22

212-211ص.ظذس عثك روش.تشجاط23

27.ص.شوض دساعاخ ادذج اؼشت١ح:ت١شخ.انسياسح الأيريكيح وانؼرب(.1982).جػح اثادص١24

28ص. فظ اظذس اغاتك25

89ص.ظذس عثك روش.تشجاط26

داس :دشك.(1975-1784)انؼلاقاخ انذتهىياسيح الأيريكيح في انشرق الأوسط (.1985).ذاط،تش٠غ

327ص.علاط27

328.ص.فظ اظذس اغاتك

Page 30: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

19

401944211954919676.161975

19873.7

19731974

19731974

1980

241980

28

108ص.ظذس عثك روش.تشجاط29

. 410ص.ظذس عثك روش.تش٠غ30

داس اث١شق :سا الله.اص اذغ١:ذشجح ذمذ٠". اثرشي اشغثح اذح صلاش١ ػاا."(2004).دس٠ف١ط ، ستشخ

.108ص.اؼشت شش ارص٠غ31

.111-110ص.فظ اظذس اغاتك

Page 31: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

20

1980

1987

32

277ص. ظذس عثك روش. تشجاط 33

106.ص.ؼذ الااء اؼشت:ت١شخ."يثذأ كارذر"انسياسح الايريكيح في انخهيج انؼرتي(.1985). شىش،ص١ش 34

108.ص. فظ اظذس اغاتك 35

109ص. فظ اظذس اغاتك 36

119ص.ظذس عثك روش. دس٠ف١ط

Page 32: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

21

1987300

33

60

1995

1994198090

1990211994

37

.122ص.ظذس عثك روش. دس٠ف١ط 38

300ص.ظذس عثك روش.تشجاط 39

120ص.ظذس عثك روش. دس٠ف١ط 40

شوض دساعاخ اششق :ػا.جاد اذذ:ذد اخغ١ة؛ إػذاد:ذشجح.(1995).ذجاخ أش٠ى١ح ذجا اششق الأعظ

. 10ص.الأعظ41

. 11ص.فظ اظذس اغاتك

Page 33: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

22

42

125ص.ظذس عثك روش.دس٠ف١ط

Page 34: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

23

19731974

1991

43Woodward,Bob.(1993).Veil:The Secret of the CIA,1981-1987.NewYork:Simon and Schuste.

44Yergin,Daniel.(1991).The Prize:The Epic Quest for Oil,Money and Power.NewYork:Simon and Schuster.

Page 35: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

24

1931

1933

15

1001946

1928

215ص.ظذس عثك روش. تشجاط45

.عاتكاي فظ اظذس46

239ص.ىرثح اششق:اماشج. غاشج ااي افج اغ١اعح:اثرشي أش٠ىا.(2001).لا،ع١ا47

الاج١ض٠ح، ششوح افظ اذى١ح افشغ١ح، سج أس اع وثىا، -اششوح الإ٠شا١ح-ششوح فظ اؼشاق ذذاف ششوح شذرأف .48

".١جشع" " عواي"وزه ششوح

Page 36: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

25

1943

1091960

239ص.ىرثح اششق:اماشج".غاشج ااي امج اغ١اعح:أش٠ىاا١رشي ."(2001).لا،عا٠ا.49

239اظذس اغاتك صفظ .50

90ص.ا٢دابداس :ت١شخ. خ١أت١شفد :ذشجح".الإساب" اجذ٠ذج ضذ الأش٠ى١حاذشب .(2003).أت خ١،أعؼذ.51

52.

217

.91ص.ظذس عثك روش.أت خ١. 53

245ص.ظذس عثك روش.لا. 54

Page 37: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

26

80

1962

19731974

19561967

1973

1973

.فظ اظذس اغاتك. 55

378ص.اؤعغح اجاؼ١ح ذساعاخ اشش ارص٠غ:ت١شخ.الاقرصاد انسياسي انحذيث(.1988).ت١ض،ذف١ك عؼ١ذ. 56

57.

ذاريخ(.2002).اشش١ذ،ضا

انؼرتيح

انسؼىديح

تي

انقذيى

داس:ت١شخ.وانحذيث

. 217-215ص.اغال

.190ص.فظ اظذس اغاتك.58

Page 38: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

27

71973

197311.9

10

59

Grayson,Benson.(1982).Saudi-American Relations.Washington:University Press of America.p.82.

196ص.ظذس عثك روش.اشش١ذ.60

61 Benson.Previous

Resourse.p.110.

62192

Page 39: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

28

24

3

12

251روش63

64 Halliday,Fred.(1974).Arabia Without Sultans.London:Penguin.p127

.193ظذس عثك روشض.اشش١ذ. 65

. 196ص.ظذس عثك روش.اشش١ذ. 66

Page 40: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

29

1973

1974

1972

40.5197399.3

45

197019742

19796

7

1975

19784.4

1979

3524

.200ص.فظ اظذساغاتك.67

68Tea'treault. Previous Recourse.p.226

.798ص.1999ذمش٠ش طذق امذ اذ ؼا 69

70 Tea'treault. Previous Resource.p.228

71 Same Previous Resource.P231.

72 Halliday. Previous Resource.p.132

Page 41: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

30

1973

1973

211973

ان،ذذ. 73 .34ص.شوض اذساعاخ اثذز ارش١ك:ت١شخ. انرتط انؼرتيح تي انفط وانسياسحإسرراذيجيح(.1991).اغ

74

Colins,John.and Clyde Mark.(1975).Oil Fields as Military Objectives, A Feasibility

Study.Washington:Government Printing Office.p.22

Page 42: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

31

1975

1974

75 Same Previous resource.p.22

76 Tea'treault .Previous Resource.p.226

77 Same Resource.

Page 43: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

32

1973

1974

270

1976

197919801979

78.

Halliday.Previous Resource.p132-137

Page 44: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

33

1980

1980

1980

1984

215ص.ظذس عثك روش.اشش١ذ.79

80 220

81 Tea'treault .Previous Resource.p.230

Page 45: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

34

1981

1988

1424

36198820

52.419851992

82. Tea'treault.Previous Resource.p231

217ص.ظذس عثك روش.اشش١ذ.83

238ص.فظ اظذس اغاتك .84

220ص.ظذس عثك روش.لا. 85

86. Cordesman,Anthony.(1997).Saudi Arabia: Guarding the Desert Kingdom. Boulder: West view Press.p.105-107.

Page 46: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

35

25

1990

500

1973

غثاػح الأدت١حداس اىص :ت١شخ.٠عف اجا:ذشجح".انسؼىديح،حزب الله"يهفاخ أيريكيح ساخح(.2005).فش٠ذ صوش٠ا.دسا،ا٠ى.87

54ص.اشش ارص٠غ

88 200197

89 99

Page 47: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

36

2520

1967

90253

9194

102ص.ظذس عثك روش.اجذب.92

939598

99.ص.ظذس عثك روش.أت خ١.94

Page 48: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

37

2001

22ص.ظذس عثك روش.تاء الأ اغلا ف اششق الأعظ .95

Page 49: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

38

Page 50: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

39

1952

23.75

141958

801961

99.5

1937

171968

1969

96

236ص.ظذس عثك روش.تشجاط 97

236ص.ؼذ الإاء اؼشت:ت١شخ.عا اش:ذشجح.انشقيقاخ انسثغ(.1976).عاثغ،أر 98

40ص.اجس٠ح اؼشال١ح.صاسج الإػلا.دساعح شائم١ح خ الار١اص در ارأ١.(1973)".افظ اؼشال" 99

42ص.فظ اظذس اغاتك

Page 51: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

40

1972

1967

1980

1972

1979

1982

100

. 236ص.ظذس عثك روش.تشجاط 101

شوض الإاساخ ذساعاخ اثذز :أت ظث".اغ١اعح الأش٠ى١ح ذجا اؼشاق."(2003).جص اصاس،جش٠جس

5ص.الاعرشاذ١ج١ح102

31ص.داس اىص الأدت١ح:ت١شخ.انصراع ػه انخهيج انؼرتي(.1994).اؼ١،ػثذ اشد 103

32ص.فظ اظذس اغاتك 104

7ص.ظذس عثك روش.جص اصاس 105

35ص.ظذس عثك روش.اؼ١

Page 52: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

41

1983

1989

112

2001.5

106

33ص.ظذس عثك روش.اؼ١ 107

9ص.ظذس عثك روش.جص اصاس 108

داس :دشك.غش٠غ سج١ش:إتشا١ اشات؛ذذش٠ش:ذشجح.ضذ انحرب في انؼراق(.2003).آخش.ساذش،١ش١

. 38-37ص.افىش109

. 38ص.ظذس عثك روش.ساذش 110

. (غخح اىرش١ح).2006 ا٠ 17".اظاخ الأش٠ى١ح ف اؼشاق."ذذ١لاخ.تاو١ش،ػ

www.aljazeera.net

Page 53: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

42

1975

2002

2003

1995

23

1994

111

. ظذس عثك روش.تاو١ش 112

20ص.ظذس عثك روش.ساذش

Page 54: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

43

1997

2001

113

"ذىجهاخ أيريكيح ذجا انشرق الأوسط

". 157ص.شوض دساعاخ اششق الأعظ:ػا.جاد اذذ:ذد اخغ١ة؛إػذاد:ذشجح.(1995.)

.داس اث١شق اؼش شش ارص٠غ:سا الله.اص اذغ١:ذشجح ذمذ٠.ذغيير انظاو واحرياطي انثررول(.2004). ا١ا،و114

داس :دشك(.ؼذ اشغ)اتشا١ اجا،ذمش٠ش جػح اشئاعح ذساعاخ :ذشجح ذمذ٠.(2004)".تاء الا اغلا ف اششق الاعظ "115

.دسا غثاػح اشش ارص٠غ

Page 55: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

44

1

2

3

72002

16ص.شوض دساعاخ ادذج:ت١شخ.انسىدا-نيثيا-انؼراق:الأوسطانؼقىتاخ وانثىري في انشرق (.2001). ثن،ذ116١

27ص.ظذس عثك روش.جص اصاس117

Page 56: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

45

82003

داس اث١شق اؼشت شش :سا الله.اص اذغ١:ذشجح ذمذ٠ .ػشرج أكارية يريؼح قيهد نا ػ انؼراق(. 2004). ش١ش،وش٠غرفش118

. 129-127ص.ارص٠غ

. فظ اظذس اغاتك119

49ص.١ش١ ساذش. ظذس عاتك120

13ص.شوض دساعاخ ادذج اؼشت١ح:ت١شخ(.2005-1990)انؼراق وذطثيقاخ الأيى انرحذج نهقاى انذوني (.2006). تجه،تاع١ ٠عف121

Page 57: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

46

72002

2001

292003

2003

27ص. فظ اظذس اغاتك122

129ص.ظذس عثك روش. ش١ش123

14ص.ظذس عثك روش.جص اصاس124

127ص.اشوض اصماف اؼشت:اذاس اث١ضاء.دغ١ ػثذ اادذ:ذشجح.دشب تػ.(2004).داسد،تب125

Page 58: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

47

داس اث١شق اؼشت شش :سا الله.اص اذغ١:ذشجح ذمذ٠.لا ػذانح،ولا سلاو،وانحرب أصثحد أكثر خطرا(.2004). اخاذ،سش١ذ126

96ص.ارص٠غ

196-192ص.اشوض اصماف اؼشت:اذاس اث١ضاء.ي الأيى انرحذج إن انؼراق يحرلا:انهؼثح ارهد(.2004).دس،ذذ اي127

185-180ص.ظذس عثك روش. اذس128

. فظ اظذس اغاتك129

Page 59: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

48

Page 60: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

49

2008

Page 61: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

50

1932

4

20

201947

1951

221953

234ص.ظذس عثك روش. تشجاط .130

240ص.ظذس عثك روش. لا .131

20-14ص.داس اىح شش: ت١شخ.فاض سعي:ذشجح.انفط وانسيطرج(.1980). ت طذس،أت اذغ .132

32-31ص.داس اىص:ت١شخ.انصراع ػه انخهيج انؼرتي(.1994). اؼ١،ػثذ اشد .133

Page 62: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

51

40

261963

1978

5.5

. فظ اظذس اغاتك .134

22 ص.ظذس عثك روش.أت اذغ. 135

406ص.ظذس عثك روش.اذغ١.136

272ص.ظذس عثك روش. تشجاط .137

409ص.ظذس عثك روش. اذغ١ .138

Page 63: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

52

20

19771979

1979

17197943

41979

1979

250ص.ظذس عثك روش. لا .139

68ص.ظذس عثك روش. اؼ١ .140

274ص.ظذس عثك روش. تشجاط .141

406-409ص.ظذس عثك روش. اذغ١ .142

250ص.ظذس عثك روش. لا .143

Page 64: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

53

1980

444

50.ص.اذفاع".ااجح الأش٠ى١ح اذرح ذجا إ٠شا اذس اجذ٠ذ ؼشاق."(2003).وا،ػصا . .145

250ص.ظذس عثك روش. لا .146

70ص.ظذس عثك روش. اؼ١ .147

Page 65: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

54

8

19801985

1986

253ص.ظذس عثك روش. لا .148

32ص.ظذس عثك روش. جص اصاس .149

251ص.ظذس عثك روش. لا .150

149. Lafeber,Walter.(1994).The American Age:United States Foreign Policy at Home and abroad.New

York:W.Norton..

9ص.ظذس عثك روش. جص اصاس .152

Page 66: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

55

19871988

1993

1991

. فظ اظذس اغاتك .153

-اذاس اؼشت١ح ؼ:ت١شخ.الأست١ح د١اي اششق الأعظ اىث١ش-الإعرشاذ١ج١ح الأش٠ى١ح:لاي الأصاخ.(2006). داذس،ا٠ف١ىي ١غذ .154

19.ص.اشش

8.ص.شوض الإاساخ ذساعاخ اثذز الإعرشاذ١ج١ح:أت ظث.اجح ارذذ ا الإ٠شا.(2006).عاس،جاس.153

NSC-6 ششذا غ١اعح الادراء ار اسعرا الا٠اخ1950ار أػذخ ػا ( )صد ش١مح .154

الأس ار عرثم أعاع١ح ف ز اغ١اعح أ ه ذ تأفغا لج رفلح ػ غ١شا أ خلاي اذذاد "ارذذج ضذ الاذذاد اغف١ر،جاء ف١ا

أ ػشع أ "وزه "إشاء شثىح اذافض اؼمتاخ أج اخشض تأفض ذظح ىح"غ " ٠ؼرذ ػ١ غ الأ راخ الأفىاس اشاتح

ظا ع١اع إلاحاذف اائ سطذ ارمذ از أدشص اغشب ف "ع١ح ذىر١ى١ح فذغة ... ذغ٠ح ػاحإذاح رفاع اج ارط

. طسجأذ اخظ ف إدثاطتذ١س ٠ى "الرظاد اجخ

52ص.ظذس عثك روش.ػصا .157

Page 67: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

56

1996

20

.داس اغال:ت١شخ. في ذحىلاذها انذاخهيح وسياساذها الإقهييحإيرا:انجهىريح انصؼثح(.2006).ػرش٠غ،علاي.158

.49-7. ،ص41.دساعاخ ػا١ح،ع".الأش٠ىذألاخ ف افىش الاعرشاذ١ج :الادراء اضدض ا ساء."(2001). شاتد،ػش .159

22.ص..ظذس عثك روش. داذس .160

Page 68: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

57

2000

2001

114.ع.ذذ الأعؼذ:شاد ػشا تغاح؛شاجؼح:اصمافح اؼا١ح،ذشجح".غرمث ع١اعح ارذئح الأش٠ى١ح."(2002عثرثش ).١شش١ش،ج ض. 159

107-92.،ص

. فظ اظذس اغاتك .162

.شوض اذساعاخ الاعرشاس٠ح اثذز ارش١ك:ت١شخ.يسرقثم انظاو انذوني وانقىي انؼظ:سياساخ انقىي(.2000).اؼض،غغا .163

.. فظ اظذس اغاتك .164

151ص.داس اث١شق اؼشت شش ارص٠غ:سا الله.اص اذغ١:ذشجح ذمذ٠.يجرد تذايح إػادج ذشكيم انؼانى(.2004). دس٠ف١ط،ستشخ .165

Page 69: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

58

2001

2002

2003

2003

. ظذس روش عاتما. تاء ا٢ اغلا ف اششق الأعظ .166

.

(2007-5-18اعرشجؼد تراس٠خ )(غخح اىرش١ح).2002أ٠ي ".ػذ جذ٠ذ ف ارفى١ش الاعرشاذ١ج لا٠اخ ارذذج." ١ثش،ستشخ .167

www.usinfo.state.gov

(2007-2-1اعرشجؼد تراس٠خ )(غخح اىرش١ح).2002أورتش ".إ٠شا إأش٠ىا شذادح رج١ ذذز٠ش " .168

news.bbc.co.uk.

Page 70: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

59

302006

2005

(2007-3-5اعرشجؼد تراس٠خ )(غخح اىرش١ح)2003ا٠ ".إ٠شاالا٠اخ ارذذج ذض٠ذ ضغعا ػ " .س٠ذص، تي.169

news.bbc.co.uk.

(2007-3-5اعرشجؼد تراس٠خ )(غخح اىرش١ح)2006اسط ".إ٠شا ارذذ الأوثش اشغ: سا٠ظ."170

news.bbc.co.uk.

Page 71: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

60

(2007-3-5اعرشجؼد تراس٠خ )(غخح اىرش١ح)2006 سطا". ذغرخذ الا٠اخ ارذذج اخ١اس اؼغىش ضذ إ٠شا؟" .س٠ذص، تي. 171

news.bbc.co.uk

. ف اؼشاقالأش٠ى١ح ز اجح شاجؼح اغ١اعح الأش٠ىشى اىغشط :(جح ت١ىش ا١ر). 172

(2007-3-5اعرشجؼد تراس٠خ )(غخح اىرش١ح)2007 فثشا٠ش".اشغ عشا اذمح افمدج" .س٠ذص، تي. 173

news.bbc.co.uk

(2007-3-5اعرشجؼد تراس٠خ )(غخح اىرش١ح)2007 ١٠".دشب تاسدج جذ٠ذج:إ٠شا الا٠اخ ارذذج " .سجش، اسد. 174

news.bbc.co.uk

Page 72: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

61

2007

2003

(2008-3-14اعرشجؼد تراس٠خ )(غخح اىرش١ح)2008اسط ".اعرماح لائذ اماخ الأش٠ى١ح ١ فا" . 175

news.bbc.co.uk

Page 73: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

62

Page 74: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

63

Page 75: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

64

Page 76: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

65

2003

1985

200619902005

2000

2004

1980

1988

1995

198517841975

Page 77: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

66

1981

2001

41115125

2003

2004

2006

2004

2005

2004

2003

2002

Page 78: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

67

1976

2006

1991

1985

2004

2006

2000

2002

2001

2003

11492107

Page 79: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

68

2001

1982

2002

11492107

2001

1994

1973

2004

2004

2008

1432008

Page 80: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

69

news.bbc.co.uk

2002

122007

news.bbc.co.uk

172006

www.aljazeera.net

20065

32007

news.bbc.co.uk

200753

2007

news.bbc.co.uk

2003

532007

news.bbc.co.uk

2006532007

news.bbc.co.uk

2002

1852007

www.usinfo.state.gov

2007

532007

news.bbc.co.uk

Page 81: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

70

Colins,John.and Clyde Mark.(1975)."Oil Fields as Military Objectives, A

Feasibility Study".Washington:Government Printing Office.

Cordesman,Anthony.(1997).Saudi Arabia: Guarding the Desert

Kingdom. Boulder: West view Press.

Dos Santos,Theotonio.(1971).”The structure of

Dependence”.Boston:Peter Sargent.

Francis,Micheal.(1985)."Dependency,Fad and Fact".Editor:Micheal

noval.Washington D.C: American Enterprise Institute.

Grayson,Benson.(1982).Saudi-American

Relations.Washington:University Press of America..

Gunder Frank,Andre.(1972)."The Development of Underdevelopment".

New York:Anchor Books.

Halliday,Fred.(1974).Arabia Without Sultans.London:Penguin.

Lafeber,Walter.(1994).The American Age:United States Foreign

Policy at Home and abroad.New York:W.W.Norton.

Page 82: Dependency Theory and its Relevance to Relations between ...

71

"Middle east Petroleum Information Report".31 August 1994.No:20.

Novak,Micheal.(1985).Latin America:Dependency or

Interdependence?.Washington D.C:American Enterprise Institute.

Tea'treault,Mary Ann.(1986).Dependency Theory and the Return of

High Politics.New York:Green wood Press.

Woodward,Bob.(1993).Veil:The Secret of the CIA,1981-1987.New

York:Simon and Schuster.

Yergin,Daniel.(1991).The Prize:The Epic Quest for Oil,Money,and

Power.New York:Simon and Schuster.

:اظادس الاىرش١ح تاغح الاج١ض٠ح

Baran,Paul.(1957)."The political Economy of Growth".(Electronic

version).(Retrieved 6 January 2008,from

http/www.economyprofessor.com/economictheories/dependency-

theory.php)

Chase-Dunn,C.and Thomas D.Hall."Rise and Demise: Comparing world-

systems".Boulder,Co:Westview Press.(Electronic version).(Retrieved 15

January 2008,from http//www.irows.ucr.edu).

Ferraro,Vincent.Dependency Theory:An Introduction.July

1996(Electronic version).(Retrieved 15 November 2007,from

http/www.mtholyoke.ed)