DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS FOR BSc (Hons. …€¦ · Department of Biotechnology B.Sc...

Department of Biotechnology B.Sc (Hons. School) Biotechnology 3 years Course Effective

from session 2019-2020 all batches

0

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

SYLLABUS

FOR BSc (Hons. School) 3 Year Course

(BIOTECHNOLOGY) (Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System)

(Semester I to VI) Effective from session 2019-2020 all batches

SRI GURU GRANTH SAHIB WORLD UNIVERSITY

FATEHGARH SAHIB



1

EXAMINATION SCHEME

External:

Theory: 75 Marks

Practical: 38 Marks

1. The paper should consist of three sections A, B and C.

2. Section A should comprise of nine questions of three (3) marks each from the whole

syllabus (Part I and Part II) and it is compulsory to attempt all the questions.

3. Section B will be have four questions of twelve (12) marks each from Part I of syllabus

and a student is required to attempt any two.

4. Section C will have four questions of twelve (12) marks each from Part II of syllabus and

a student is required to attempt any two questions from this section.

Internal Assessment:

THEORY (25 Marks)

Weightage of First Mid Semester Test : 6.5 Marks

Weightage of Second Mid Semester Test : 6.5 Marks

Weightage of Seminars/Assignments/Quiz etc. : 09 Marks

Class Performance/Weightage of Attendance : 03 Marks

PRACTICAL (12 Marks)

Lab performance = 6 marks

Practical Notebook = 3 marks Lab attendance = 3 marks



2

C: Core Courses; GE: General Elective; AECC: Ability Enhancement Compulsory Courses; SEC: Skill

Enhancement Courses; DSE: Discipline Specific Elective

*: GE subjects are to be selected by the students from the pool of GE Subjects offered by various

Departments of the University.

a) C -compulsory- (4+2=6 credits each, 1 credit of theory means 1 hour of teaching, 1 credit of tutorial

means 1 hour of interactive teaching and 1 credit of practical means 2 hours of practical per week)

b) GE - optional- any four - (4= 4 credits each)

c) AECC-compulsory- (2 credits of theory each)

d) SEC - any two- (2 credits of theory each)

e) DSE- any four-( 4= 4credit each)

TOTAL CREDITS: 153

SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSES (any one per semester in semesters III-IV)

1. BBT-SEC1: Molecular Diagnostics

2. BBT -SEC2: Basics of Forensic Science

3. BBT -SEC3: Introduction to computer network& Internet Protocol (SWAYAM MOOCs)

4. BBT -SEC4: Medical Laboratory Management 5. BBT -SEC5: Genetic counseling 6. BBT -SEC6: Analytical Techniques (SWAYAM MOOCs)

DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSES (any two per semester in semesters V-VI)

1. BBT-DSE1: Developmental Biology

2. BBT-DSE2: Food Biotechnology

3. BBT-DSE3: Functional Foods & Nutraceuticals (SWAYAM MOOCs)

4. BBT-DSE4: Bioinformatics

5. BBT-DSE5: Plant Physiology

6. BBT-DSE6: Solid & Hazardous Waste Management (SWAYAM MOOCs)

Courses under these will be offered only if a minimum of 10 students opt for the same



3

SCHEME OF TEACHING

FIRST SEMESTER B.Sc (Hons) BIOTECHNOLOGY





COURSE

CODE

COURSE

NO.

TITLE SCHEDULE OF TEACHING CREDIT MAXIMUM MARKS

Lecture Tutorials Practical Internal External

C1 BBT 101 Punjabi 4 0 0 4 25 75

C2 BBT 102 Chemistry 4 0 0 4 25 75

C3 BBT 103 Cell

Biology 4 0 0 4 25 75

AECC1 BBT 104

Communi

cation

Skill

2 0 0 2 40 60

GE1 BBT 105 4 0 0 4 25 75

C2-L BBT 106L Chemistry

Lab 0 0 3 2 12 38

C3-L BBT 107L

Cell

Biology

Lab

0 0 3 2 12 38

AECC1 BBT 108L

Communi

cation

Skill Lab

0 0 2 1 50 0

TOTAL 18 0 8 23 214 436

650



4

SECOND SEMESTER B.SC (HONS) BIOTECHNOLOGY





COURSE

CODE

COURSE

NO.



C4 BBT 201

Sikhism: An

Introduction

(History & Values)

3 0 0 2 25 75

C5 BBT 202 General

Microbiology 4 0 0 4 25 75

C6 BBT 203 Introduction to

Biochemistry 4 1 0 5 25 75

AECC2 BBT 204 Environmental

Sciences 4 0 0 5 25 75

GE2 BBT 205 4 0 0 4 25 75

C5-L BBT206L

General

Microbiology

Lab

0 0 3 2 12 38

C6-L BBT207L Biochemistry

Lab 0 0 3 2 12 38

TOTAL 19 1 6 23 149 451

600



5

THIRD SEMESTER B.SC (HONS) BIOTECHNOLOGY

COURSE

CODE

COURSE

NO.



C7 BBT 301 Genetics

4 0 0 4 25 75

C8 BBT 302 Enzymology

4 0 0 4 25 75

C9 BBT 303

Biostatistics 4 0 0 4 25 75

SEC1 BBT 304

2 0 0 2 25 75

GE3 BBT 305

4 0 0 4 25 75

C7-L BBT 306L Genetics Lab

0 0 3 2 12 38

C8-L BBT 307L

Enzymology

Lab 0 0 3 2 12 38

TOTAL 18 0 6 22

149 451

600







6

FOURTH SEMES TER B.SC (HONS) BIOTECHNOLOGY

COURSE

CODE

COURSE

NO.

TITLE SCHEDULE OF TEACHING CREDIT MAXIMUM

MARKS


C10 BBT 401 Bio-analytical Tools

4 0 0 4 25 75

C11 BBT 402 Molecular Biology

4 0 0 4 25 75

C12 BBT 403

Bioprocess and

Fermentation

Technology 4 0 0 4 25 75

SEC2 BBT 404

2 0 0 2 25 75

GE4 BBT 405

4 0 0 4 25 75

C11-L BBT

406L

Bio-analytical

Techniques Lab 0 0 3 2 12 38

C12-L BBT

407L

Molecular Biology

Lab 0 0 3 2 12 38

C12 BBT

408L

Bioprocess and

Fermentation

Technology Lab 0 0 3 2 12 38

TOTAL 18 0 9 24

161 489

650







7

FIFTH SEMESTER B.SC (HONS) BIOTECHNOLOGY

COURSE

CODE

COURSE

NO.



C13 BBT 501 Animal Cell Culture

4 0 0 4 25 75

C14 BBT 502

Recombinant DNA

Technology 4 0 0 4 25 75

DSE1 BBT 503

4 0 0 4 25 75

DSE2 BBT 504

4 0 0 4 25 75

C13-L BBT 505L

Animal Cell Culture

Lab 0 0 3 2 12 38

C14-L BBT 506L

Recombinant DNA

Technology Lab 0 0 3 2 12 38

DSE1-L BBT 507L

0 0 3 2 12 38

DSE2-L BBT 508L

0 0 3 2 12 38

BBT 509

Industrial/ Research

Training 0 0 8 4 25 75

TOTAL 16 0 20 28

198 502

700



8

SIXTH SEMESTER B.SC (HONS) BIOTECHNOLOGY

COURSE

CODE

COURSE

NO.



C15 BBT 601 Plant Tissue Culture

4 0 0 4 25 75

C16 BBT 602 Immunology

4 0 0 4 25 75

DSE3 BBT 603

4 0 0 4 25 75

DSE4 BBT 604

4 0 0 4 25 75

C15-L BBT 605L

Plant Tissue Culture

Lab 0 0 3 2 12 38

C16-L BBT 606L Immunology Lab

0 0 3 2 12 38

DSE3-L BBT 607L

0 0 3 2 12 38

DSE4-L BBT 608L

0 0 3 2 12 38

BBT 609 Seminar

0 0 8 4 100 0

TOTAL 16 0 20 28

248 452

700



9

Semester I

Course Code: BBT-102 Title: Chemistry

[SGGSWU – DBT] L/T/P: 4/0/0

Unit I Chemical Bonding: Elementary treatment of valence bond theory and molecular orbital theory, ionic bonding, multiple bonds, multi-center bonds, metallic bonding, hydrogen bonding and its significance. Periodic properties: Position of elements in the periodic table, effective nuclear charge and its calculation, atomic and ionic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity; trends in periodic table and application in predicting and explaining the chemical behaviour. Solutions: Ideal and non- ideal solutions, method of expression concentrations of solution, activity and activity coefficients, dilute solution, osmotic pressure, its law and measurements; elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing points. Chemical kinetics: Scope, rate of reaction, influencing factors such as concentration, temperature, pressure, solvent; theories of chemical kinetics; Arrhenius equation, concept of activation energy.

Unit II Photochemistry: Absorption of light, Lambert-Beer Law; Photochemical principles: Stark-Einstein Law of Photochemical equivalence, Quantum yield of photochemical reaction (with example), Fluorescence and Phosphorescence. Coordination compounds: Introduction, Wener’s coordination theory, naming of coordination compounds, isomerism and stereochemistry in coordination compounds.

Fundamentals: Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, hyperconjugation, types of reagents, electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reaction intermediates, carbocations, free radicals, carbenes. Nomenclature, classification and chemical properties: Alkyl halide, Carboxylic Acids and derivatives-acid chloride, esters, anhydrides, amides. References: (Latest Edition):

1. Bruce H Mahan (1987). University Chemistry Edition 3rd (Narosa Publishers). 2. R. T. Morrison, R. N. Boyd (2001). Organic Chemistry (Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd). 3. J.D Lee. (2008). Concise Inorganic Chemistry, (Wiley-India). 4. B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma. (1989). Principles of inorganic chemistry (Shoban Lal Nagin Chand and

Co). 5. Walter J Moore (1986). Basic physical chemistry (Prentice Hall of India).



10

Course Code: BBT-103 Title: Cell Biology

[SGGSWU – DBT] L/T/P: 4/0/0 Objective of Subject: To introduce the students about fundamentals of biology as some of the students in the first year have non-medical background also.

Outcome of Subject: Helps in better understanding of the evolution of living organisms, their composition and functioning etc.

Relevance of Subject: Students will understand the structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well as importance of their different components especially of macromolecules, membranes and organelles. This course will also help them to understand various cellular processes.

Unit I Cell as a basic unit of living systems: cell theory, pre-cellular evolution, artificial creation of "cells", broad classification and ultrastructure of cell types (PPLOs, Bacteria, eukaryotic microbes, plant and animal cells), tissue, organ and organism at different level of organization of other genetically similar cells; biochemical composition of cells (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and metabolic pool). Cell membrane and permeability: Chemical components of biological membranes, organization and fluidity of membrane components, membrane as a dynamic entity, types of membrane transport. Cytoskeleton and cell motility: Structure and functions of microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, Cilia and Centrioles, Cell shape and motility; Actin binding proteins and their significance; Muscle organization and function; Molecular motors.

Unit II Structure and functions of cellular organelles: Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, lysosomes, vacuoles, microbodies, ribosomes, mitochondria, plastids. Nucleus: Structure and function of nuclear envelope, lamina and nucleolus, Macromolecular trafficking. Cell cycle : Phases of cell cycle, cell cycle regulation. Mechanics of cell division: An overview of mitosis and cytokinesis. Cell signaling: General principles of cell signaling, types of receptors, extracellular receptors (G-protein–coupled, tyrosine and histidine kinase, integrin, toll-like, ligand-gated ion channel) intracellular receptors (nuclear and receptors), secondary messengers (calcium, lipophilics, nitric oxide). Molecules that mediate cell adhesion, membrane receptors for extracellular matrix macromolecules Basics of stem cells: Introduction to concepts in stem cell biology Basics of Cell differentiation in multicellular organisms: (renewal, potency: Totipotent, pleuripotent, multipotent); types of stem cells: early embryonic stem cells, blastocyst embryonic stem cells, fetal stem cells, umbilical cord stem cells, adult stem cells; applications; ethical issues related to stem cells. References: (Latest Edition):

1. The World of the Cell (2008) Becker, Klein Smith & Hardin Pearson education Inc. 2. Cell and Molecular Biology (2010) E.D.P De Robertis and E.M.F. De Robertis, Jr. 3. Molecular Cell Biology (2007) Lodish et al. Freeman & Co. 4. Molecular Biology of the Cell (2007) Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin

Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter. 5. The Cell: A Molecular Approach (2013) Geoffrey M. Cooper and Robert E. Hausman. 6. Cells and Cell Function: Advanced Level (2007) Sally Morgan. 7. Stem Cells: An Insider’s Guide (2013) Paul Knoepfler.



11

Course Code: BBT- 106L Title: Chemistry Lab

[SGGSWU-DBT] L/T/P: 0/0/3

1. Inorganic qualitative analysis. 2. Four ions including interfering ions. 3. Iodimetry and Iodometry. 4. Redox titrations using ceric sulphate, potassium dichromate and potassium permanganate. 5. Complexo metric titration using EDTA of Ca

2+, Mg

2+ and Zn

2+.

6. Analysis of a given organic compound (solid): Elemental Analysis.

References: (Latest Edition):

1. L. Saland (1989). Practical chemistry labs: A resource manual (Walch Education). 2. J. Leonard, B. Lygo, G. Procter (1998). Advanced practical organicchemistry. (CRC

publications). 3. P. Kelter, M. Mosher, A. Scott (2008). Chemistry: The practical science (Publisher Houghton

Mifflin). 4. G. Svehla (1996). Vogel’s quantitative inorganic analysis (Prentice Hall)



12

Course Code: BBT-107L Title: Cell Biology Lab


1. To study the parts and function of a light microscope. 2. To prepare a wet mount of onion peel for microscopy. 3. Counting of cells using haemocytometer. 4. Subcellular fractionation of spinach cells. 5. To study cell locomotion of amoeba. 6. To study flagellar motility in bacteria by hanging drop technique. 7. To study cell transport in cell membrane by diffusion through artificial membrane: (a) Transport of albumin and glucose solution through dialysis bag, and (b) To study the effect of membrane disrupting agents in beet root. 8. Quantitative analysis of cell membrane lipids by TLC. References: (Latest Edition):

1. Molecular Biology of the Cell (2007) Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian .

2. Plummer D.T. (2004). An introduction to practical biochemistry (Tata McGraw Hill Publishers Co. Ltd., New Delhi).

3. Cappuccino J.G., Sherman N. (2007). Microbiology: A laboratory manual, (Pearson Benjamin Cummings).



13

Semester II

Course Code: BBT-202 Title: General Microbiology

[SGGSWU – DBT] L/T/P: 4/0/0 Objective of Subject: To introduce the students with various aspects of basic and applied microbiology. Outcome of Subject: Will help in understanding the basic principles of microbiology, microbial diversity, systematics and role of microbes in diseases and environment.

Relevance of Subject: This theory knowledge will help in execution of microbiology related research and opens more research as well as industrial job opportunities for the students

Unit I History of Microbiology: A. Leewenhook, L. Pasteur, R. Koch, J. Lister, J.Tyndall, Koch postulates, discovery of antibiotics. Principle of microscopy: Bright field, dark field, phase contrast, fluorescent, electron microscopy. Microbial classification: Bacteria, fungi; Morphology of bacteria, viruses and fungi with major emphasis on bacterial structure specially cell wall. Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Microbial spores, sporulation/ germination process.

Unit II Microbial growth: nutritional biodiversity, phases of growth, generation time, growth rate, monoauxic, diauxic and synchronous growth, Chemostat; Physical and chemical agents to kill microbes, sterilization and pasteurization processes. Applied Microbiology: Normal micro flora in human/ animals, types of microbial pathogens and diseases caused by them. Microbial interactions like symbiosis and antibiosis, host defense mechanism against pathogens.


1. Tortora, G.J., Funke, B.R. and Case, C.L. (2009) Microbiology: An introduction (Benjamin/ Cummings publishing company, Inc).

2. R. Y. Stanier, M. Doudoroff, E. A. Adelberg (1999). General microbiology (MacMillian Press London).

3. M.J. Pelczar, E.C. Sun Chan, N.R. Krieg (2007). Microbiology (Tata McGraw Hill Publication, New Delhi). 5th edition.

4. H.G. Schlegel, C.Zaborosch, M. Kogut (1993).General microbiology (Cambridge University Press).

5. S.C. Prescott, C.G. Dunn (1959). Industrial microbiology (McGraw- Hill). 6. Purohit, S.S. (2003). Microbiology: Fundamentals and applications (Agrobios, India) 7. Postgate, J.R. (2000). Microbes and man (Cambridge University Press).



14

Course Code: BBT-203 Title: Introduction to Biochemistry


Objective of Subject: To learn about the properties of biomolecules and their metabolism

Outcome of Subject: Understanding of structures and functions of biomolecules and their metabolic pathways.

Relevance of Subject: To understand the biochemical basis to maintain health and diseases.

Unit I

Minor and major elements in living systems , Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur, Phosphorus, Calcium, Iron, Sodium, Why Is Carbon So Important? Different types of chemical bonding and its importance. Role of pH in living being and Henderson Hessalbalch equation, Different types of the buffer systems and their importance, Water- physical and chemical properties, Functional groups in organic molecules, Specificity of the functional group. Carbohydrates: General classification and functions of monosaccharides (glucose, galactose and fructose), disaccharides (Maltose, lactose and sucrose), Polysaccharides (glycogen, starch, cellulose) Lipids: Classification, structure and functions e.g. oils, fats, phospholipids, glycolipids. Vitamins and Coenzymes : Structure and functions of thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, Pentathenic acid, pyridoxine, lipoic acid, Biotin, Folic acid, Ascorbic acid and Vitamin A.

Unit II Amino acids : Structure and function, physical and chemical properties of amino acids; Proteins: Structure and functions, different level of proteins structure, formation of ionic or hydrophobic bonds or disulphide bridges, keratins, collagen and conjugate proteins, chromoprotein, glycoprotein, phosphoprotein, metalloprotein, lipoprotein and nucleoprotein. Nucleotides and Nucleic acids : Structure and functions of DNA, types of RNA., Differences between DNA and RNA. Importance of 16 SrRNA and 18 S rRNA. Over view of various metabolism: Glycolysis, Tricarboxylic acid cycle, Electron transport chain and its importance, ATP synthesis, Phosphorylation and photophosphorylation. References: (Latest Edition):

1. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Fourth Edition. 2. Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L. and Stryer, L. Biochemistry. Freeman, 7

th edn, 2011.

3. Voet, D. & Voet, J. G. Biochemistry. 4th

edn, 2010. 4. Voet, D., Voet, J. G. & Pratt, C. W. Principles of Biochemistry. Wiley, 3

rd edn

5. Alberts, B. et al. Essential Cell Biology, Garland, 3rd

edn 2009.

http://biology4isc.weebly.com/2-cellular-macromolecules.html

http://biology4isc.weebly.com/lipids.html

http://biology4isc.weebly.com/protein.html

http://biology4isc.weebly.com/nucleic-acid.html



15

Course Code: BBT-206L Title: General Microbiology Lab


1. Sterilization principle and methods-moist heat - dry heat and filtration methods. 2. Media preparation: Liquid media, solid media, Agar deep, Agar slants, Agarplates, Basal,

enriched, selective media preparation - quality control of media,growth supporting properties, sterility check of media.

3. Pure culture technique: Streak plate, pour plate, spread plate, decimal dilution. 4. Cultural characteristics of microorganisms: Growth on different media, growth characteristics

and description. Demonstration of pigment production and extraction. 5. Motility demonstration: Hanging drop preparation, wet mount, Craigies tube method. 6. Staining techniques: Smear preparation, Gram's staining, Acid fast staining, Staining for

metachromatic granules.


1. Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual, 7

th edition, Cappuccino Pearson Education India, 2007.

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Cappuccino%22



16

Course Code: BBT-207L Title: Biochemistry Lab


1. Preparation of different types of buffer ranging from pH 2-12. 2. Qualitative estimation of amino acids, proteins and carbohydrates. 3. Preparation of BSA standard curve using Lowry/ Bradford method. 4. To check solubility of different biological macromolecules in various solvent systems and to

understand the importance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of molecules. 5. To determine pI of the glycine amino acids through a titration curve. 6. Determination of acid value and saponification value of fat. 7. Estimation of carbohydrate in given solution by anthrone method

References: (Latest Edition): 1. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, 3rd edition, by David T. Plummer, Tata McGraw

Hill. 1988. 2. Practical Biochemistry for Students by Malhotra, Jaypee Brothers Publishers, 2003. 3. Laboratory Manual for Practical Biochemistry by Y. M. Shivaraja Shankara Jaypee Brothers

Publishers, 2008. 4. A Textbook of Practical Biochemistry by Joshi A. Rashmi, B. Jain Publishers, 2002.



17

Semester III

Course Code: BBT-301 Title: Genetics


Objective: To develop basic skills in eliciting a genetic history, constructing a pedigree, examining, genetic evaluation and genetic counseling

Relevance: This course will help in developing attitudes required for managing genetic diseases and birth defects. Outcome: Students will get well versed with various basic aspects of genetics, right from beginning (when chromosomes were not discovered) to chromosomal existence and their structure -function relationship.

Unit I Mendelian genetics: Mendel’s experimental design, monohybrid, di-hybrid and tri hybrid crosses, Law of segregation & Law of independent assortment, test and back crosses. Allelic interactions: Concept of dominance, recessiveness, incomplete dominance, co-dominance, pleiotropy, multiple allele, pseudo-allele, lethal genes, penetrance and expressivity, Pedigree analysis Non allelic interactions: Complementary genes, epistasis (dominant & recessive), duplicate genes and inhibitory genes. Chromosome organization: Chromosome theory of inheritance, Structure and characteristics of bacterial and eukaryotic chromosome, concept of euchromatin and heterochromatin, packaging of DNA molecule into chromosomes, chromosome banding pattern, karyotype, One gene one polypeptide hypothesis.

Unit II Variations in chromosomes structure and number: deletion, duplication, inversion and translocation (reciprocal and Robertsonian), position effects of gene expression, chromosomal aberrations in human beings, abnormalities- Aneuploidy and Euploidy. Sex determination and sex linkage: Mechanisms of sex determination, Environmental factors and sex determination, sex differentiation, Barr bodies, dosage compensation, genetic balance theory, Fragile-X-syndrome and chromosome, sex influenced dominance, sex limited gene expression, sex linked inheritance. Genetic linkage, crossing over and chromosome mapping: Linkage and Recombination of genes in a chromosome, Cytological basis of crossing over, Molecular mechanism of crossing over, Crossing over at four strand stage, Multiple crossing over, Genetic mapping. Extra chromosomal inheritance: Extra nuclear inheritance, maternal effects, maternal inheritance, cytoplasmic inheritance, organelle heredity, Overview of mitochondrial & chloroplast genome. Population genetics: Systems of mating - inbreeding and out-breeding, Hardy Weinberg Law, Factors affecting Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, allelic and genotype frequencies, changes in allelic frequencies. Quantitative genetics: Quantitative inheritance, causes of variation.


1. Concepts of Genetics, 12th

edition, William S. Klug,‎ Michael R. Cummings,‎ Charlotte A. Spencer,‎ Michael A. Palladino,‎ Darrell Killian, Pearson, 2018.

2. Genetics: Analysis and Principles by Robert Brooker, McGraw Hill, 2014. 3. Genetics: A Conceptual Approach, 5

th edition, Benjamin A. Pierce, Freeman, 2014.

4. Genetics, P.K. Gupta, 4th

edition, Rastogi Publication, 2011. 5. Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes, 8th Edition, Daniel L. Hartl ,‎ Maryellen Ruvolo,

Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2011.



18

6. Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 10th Edition, Anthony J.F. Griffiths,‎ .R n su

,sRRsseW Sean B. Carroll, yDln oDsnssJ , Freeman and Company, 2007. 7. Principles of Genetics, 6

th edition, Gardner, M. J. Simmons, D. P. Snustad, John Wiley and

Sons, 2006. 8. Genetics by Sambamurty, Narosa Publishing House, 2005. 9. Basic Genetics by GS Miglani, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2000. 10. Genetics, 5

th edition, P.J. Russell, Benjamin/Cummings, 1998.



19

Course Code: BBT-302 Title: Enzymology


Objective of Subject: To learn about the fundamentals of enzymes, practices to understand their structure and regulation

Outcome of Subject: Understanding of properties of enzymes and tools and techniques used for its investigation.

Relevance of Subject: Commercial application of enzymes in clinical diagnosis and industries. Unit I

Introduction to Enzymes: Definition, historical, systematic nomenclature & classification, significance of numbering system, coenzyme, cofactors. Types of enzyme specificity, hypothesis (lock-and-key, induced fit, strain or transition-state stabilization). Active site of enzyme. Enzyme kinetics:Derivation of Michaelis-Menten equation for uni-substrate reactions. Lineweaver-Burk plot, Eadie-Hofstee and Hanes–Woolf equation. Two-substrate reactions (Random, ordered and ping-pong mechanism. Extraction of enzymes, enzyme assay, enzyme units, measurement and expression of enzyme activity: enzyme turn over number and specific activity. Significance of enzyme kinetics in calculating enzyme activity. Factors affecting enzyme activity (Enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, pH, temperature and reaction time etc.).

Investigation of active site structure: Trapping of enzyme-substrate complex, use of substrate analogues, Chemical modifications of the side chain amino acids, role of proteases, site-directed mutagenesis, and effects of changing pH on enzyme activity. Understanding the mechanism of action of serine protease, lysozyme, chymotrypsin, PDH, aldolase, RNAse, Carboxypeptidase and alcohol dehydrogenase. Mechanism of action and regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase & fatty acid synthase complexes.

Unit II Regulation of enzyme activity: General mechanisms of enzyme regulation, product inhibition, feedback control. Reversible (phosphorylation, disulphide reduction, adenylation) and irreversible (Zymogens and their activation; proteases and prothrombin) covalent modifications of enzymes. Isoenzymes (multiple forms of enzymes): Properties, measurement and significance with special reference to lactate dehydrogenase. Monomeric enzymes, oligomeric enzymes & multi enzyme system: Occurrence, isolation & their properties;

Modification and Immobilization of enzymes their applications: Immobilization of microbial enzymes- Immobilized enzymes and their comparison with soluble enzymes. Methods viz. adsorption, entrapment & membrane confinement, covalent bonding and their analytical, health & industrial applications. Properties of immobilized enzymes, Enzyme electrodes, Site directed mutagenesis & Enzyme engineering- Adding disulfide bonds, changing asparagines to other amino acids, reducing free sulphydryl residues, increasing enzyme activity, modifying enzyme specificity (selected examples). Artificial enzymes, degradation of unnatural substrates and catalytic antibodies.Clinical and industrial applications of enzymes– Detergent, food, leather, dairy and medicine industries.

References: (Latest Edition): 1. Enzymes: Biochemistry, biotechnology, Clinical Chemistry (2007) by Trevor Palmer, Philip L

Bonner, Horwood Publishing Limited. ISBN 13: 9788176710596 2. Fundamentals of enzymology: The cell and molecular biology of catalytic proteins (1999) by

Nicholas C. Prime and Lewis Stevens; Oxford University press. ISBN-13: 978-0198502296

3. Biochemistry (2007) by Stryer, L., W.H. Freeman and Company, New York. ISBN-10: 0-7167-3051-0

4. Principles of biochemistry, (2008) Albert Lehninger, Michael Cox, David L; 5th edition; Worth

Publishers, New York-2008. ISBN-13: 978-0716771081



20

5. Biochemistry by Mary K.Campbell& Shawn O.Farrell, 5th Edition, Cenage Learning, 2005. ISBN-13: 978-0534405212

6. Biochemistry (2004) by Voet, D and Voet J.G., John Liley and Sons, Inc. New York. ISBN: 978-1-118-09244-6.

7. Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry by Robert K. Murray, David A. Bender, Kathleen M. ISBN-13: 978-007176576.



21

Course Code: BBT-303 Title: Biostatistics


SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR AND LOG TABLES ARE ALOWED IN EXAMINATION

Objective of Subject: To teach a) applications of statistics in the field of biology, b) concepts of

probability, averages, distributions, tests of deviations, correlation and linear regression and c) to

design experiments and analysis of results by tests of significance or an alysis of variance.

Relevance of Subject: A large information data base is being generated by the rapid progress in the

field of biotechnology. The results have to be meaningful and experiments have to be designed such

that the results can be interpreted in as useful manner. Statistics is a discip line that develops and

utilizes tools for making decisions in the presence of uncertainty.

Outcome of Subject: With the help of various statistical tools including statistical software,

biotechnologists can solve number of problems including defining research problems, formulating

rational methods of inquiry, and gathering, analyzing, and interpreting data in the life sciences and

medicine.

Unit I Presentation of Data: Frequency distribution, Graphical presentation of data by histogram, frequency curve and cumulative frequency curves. Measures of central tendency and Dispersion: Mean, Median, Mode, Range, Mean deviation, Standard deviation, Coefficient of variation. Probability and Distribution: Events - exhaustive, mutually exclusive and equally likely, Definition of probability, Theorems on total and compound probability (without derivation), Definition of Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions & their inter-relations. Correlation and Regression: Bivariate data – simple correlation and regression coefficients & their relation, Limits of correlation coefficient, Effect of change of origin and scale on correlation coefficient, Linear regression and regression equations.

Unit II

Sampling: Concept of population and sample, Random sample, Methods of sampling. Tests of Significance: Hypothesis testing and standard error, Large sample tests (test for an assumed mean and equality of two population means with known S.D.), Small sample tests (t-test), Paired and unpaired t-test for correlation and regression coefficients, t-test for comparison of variances of two populations, Chi-square test for independence of attributes, Goodness of fit and homogeneity of samples. Experimental Designs: Principles of experimental designs - randomization, replication and local control; Completely randomized, Randomized block and latin square designs, Confounding in factorial experiments, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and its use in the analysis of RBD. Applications of statistical methods in biotechnology. Role of computer in solving biostatistical problems.


1. Statistical methods in biology by Norman T.J. Bailey, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, 1995.

2. Introduction to Biostatistics by Glover T. and Mitchell K., Mac Graw Hill, New York, 2002. 3. Fundamentals of Biostatistics by Rosner Bernard, Duxbury Press, 1999. 4. Statistical Methods by PK Gupta.



22

Course Code: BBT-306L Title: Genetics Lab


1. Numericals based on Mendelian principles (segregation and independent assortment) 2. Numericals based on non–Mendelian inheritance (incomplete dominance, multiple alleles,

epistasis, linkage etc) 3. To study modes of inheritance through pedigree analysis. 4. Detection of Blood groups A, B, O and Rh factors. 5. To prepare genetic individuality charts for human morphogenetic traits and to study the

inheritance of human morphogenetic traits through pedigree analysis. To study human morphogenetic traits in a random sample and calculate gene frequencies for each trait.

6. To test PTC tasting ability in a random sample and calculate gene frequencies for the taster and non–taster alleles.

7. Numericals on chromosome nomenclature. 8. Analysis of Barr body in buccal smear using Giemsa stain. 9. To study finger-ball and palmar dermatoglyphics and calculate indices. 10. To study Quantitative traits (Height & Weight) in a random sample. 11. Paternity disputes (Blood groups).


1. Birge, E.A. (2006). Bacterial and bacteriophage genetics (Springer). 2. Dale J., Park S. (2005). Molecular genetics of bacteria (Wiley and Sons Inc.). 3. Freifelder, D. (2005). Moleular biology (Jones and Bartlett). 4. Synder, L., Champness W. (2007). Molecular genetics of bacteria (ASM Press). 5. Turn N.J, Trempy J.E. (2006). Fundamental bacterial genetics (Wiley- Blackwell).



23

Course Code: BBT- 307L Title: Enzymology Lab


1. Extraction of enzymes/lipase/amylase/catalase/ from bacteria/plants and checking activity with the crude extract.

2. Effect of pH on the activity of enzyme and pH stability. 3. Effect of temperature on the activity of enzyme and thermostability. 4. Effect of reaction time on the activity of enzyme. 5. Effect of metals on the activity of enzyme. 6. Calculation of kinetic parameters such as Km, Vmax, Kcat. 7. Immobilization of enzymes and check their usability. 8. SDS-PAGE preparation and analysis.


1. An Introduction to practical Biochemistry (2004) by Plummer D.T., Tata McGraw Hill Publishers Co. Ltd., New Delhi. ISBN 13: 9780070994874.

2. Practical enzymology (2005) By Hans Bisswanger, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. ISBN: 978-3-527-32076-9.



24

Semester IV

Course Code: BBT-401 Title: Bioanalytical Tools


Objective of Subject: To understand the principles and instrumentations to investigate the biological

properties and functions of the biomolecules/macromolecules.

Relevance of Subject: This paper deals with the all the fundamental theoretical principles,

capabilities, applications, and limitations of modern analytical instrumentation used for qualitative

and quantitative analysis which include all present techniques which are used in research.

Outcome of Subject: Students will understand how to define the nature of an analytical problem and

how to select and appropriate analytical method.

Unit I Centrifugation: Basic principle, Types of centrifuge – Micro-centrifuge, High speed & Ultracentrifuges, types of rotors – swing bucket, fixed angle rotors and vertical tube rotors, Preparative centrifugation, Differential & density gradient centrifugation, Applications (Isolation of cell components) Chromatography Techniques: Principle and applications of Affinity chromatography, Adsorption chromatography, Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, Partition chromatography, Reverse-phase chromatography Gel-permeation (size exclusion) chromatography, Ion-exchange chromatography, High Performance Liquid chromatography, Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography, Thin Layer

chromatography, Paper chromatography and Gas chromatography.

Unit II Electrophoretic Techniques: General principle, Factors affecting electrophoretic mobility, support media, Principle and applications of Agarose gel electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native and SDS-PAGE), Capillary electrophoresis, Gradient electrophoresis Spectroscopy: Principle of absorption and emission, Beer Lambert’s law; Basic principles, instrumentation and applications of UV/ Visible, Raman, & IR spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. Radioisotope techniques: Theory, Measurement of radioactive isotopes (Principle, Instrumentation & Technique): Geiger- Muller counter, Proportional counter and Scintillation counters, Applications of radio-isotopes.


1. Physical Biochemistry: Principles and Applications by David Sheehan, John Wiley & Sons, 2009. 2. Biophysical Chemistry: Principles and Techniques by A. Upadhyay, K. Upadhyay and N. Nath.,

3rd edition, Himalaya Publishing House, Delhi, 2007. 3. Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by Keith Wilson, John M.

Walker Cambridge University Press, 2005. 4. Introductory Practical Biochemistry by S. K. Sawhney, Randhir Singh, Narosa Publishing House,

2000. 5. Analytical Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by Rajan Katoch, Springer, 2011. 6. Biophysical Chemistry by James P. Allen John Wiley & Sons, 2009. 7. Biophysics by Vasantha Pattabhi, N. Gautham Alpha Science International, 2002. 8. Biophysical Chemistry by Alan Cooper Royal Society of Chemistry, 2004. 9. Fundamentals of Bioanalytical Techniques and Instrumentation by Ghosal & Srivastava, PHI

Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2009. 10. Bioanalytical Techniques by M. L. Srivastava, Morgan & Claypool, 2008. 11. Techniques and Methods in Biology by K.L. Ghatak, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2011. 12. Bioanalytical Separations by Roger M Smith, Elsevier, 2003.

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22David+Sheehan%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Keith+Wilson%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22John+M.+Walker%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22John+M.+Walker%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22S.+K.+Sawhney%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Randhir+Singh%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Rajan+Katoch%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22James+P.+Allen%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Vasantha+Pattabhi%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22N.+Gautham%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Alan+Cooper%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Ghosal+%26+Srivastava%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22M.+L.+Srivastava%22

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22K.L.+Ghatak%22



25

Course Code: BBT-402 Title: Molecular Biology


Objective of Subject: To impart in-depth knowledge of i) essential processes of replication,

transcription and translation, ii) structure of DNA and mRNA iii) DNA damage and repair iv)

regulation of gene expression

Relevance of Subject: Molecular biology is a fast-paced field which includes genetic engineering,

genomics, and related areas. Biological function at the molecular level is particularly emphasized in

this course.

Outcome of Subject: This course will help young researchers in the exploration of current research

in cell biology, immunology, neurobiology, genomics, and molecular medicine.

Unit I DNA structure: DNA as genetic material, Physical and chemical structure of DNA, Types of DNA. DNA replication: Mechanism of DNA replication in prokaryotes, Semiconservative nature of DNA replication, Bi-directional replication, DNA polymerases, Replication complex: Pre-priming proteins, primosome, replisome. Introduction to mutations, DNA damage and DNA repair: Photoreactivation, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair. Recombination and Transposition: Homologous Recombination, Mechanisms of transposition.

Unit II

RNA structure: Structure of RNA, Types of RNA. Transcription: RNA polymerases, Promoters, Mechanism of transcription in prokaryotes. Regulation of gene expression: Operon concept (inducible and repressible system). Translation: genetic code, ribosome structure and assembly, Charging of tRNA, aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, Mechanism of translation in prokaryotes, Inhibitors of translation. Introduction to Post-translational modifications: Processing by chemical modifications, Protein folding and molecular chaperones.

References: (Latest Edition): 1. Gene X by Benjamin Lewin, 9th Edition, Jones and Barlett Publishers, 2007. 2. Molecular Biology of the Gene by J.D. Watson, N.H. Hopkins, J.W Roberts, J. A. Seitz &

A.M. Weiner, 6th Edition, Benjamin Cummings Publishing Company Inc, 2007. 3. Genomes by TA Brown, 3

rd Edition, Garland Science, 2006.

4. Essential Molecular Biology Vol. I & II by Brown, AP, 2006. 5. Molecular Biology of The Cell by Alberts et al, Garland, 2002. 6. Essentials of molecular Biology by George M. Malacinski, Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2005. 7. Cell and Molecular Biology by Karp, John Wiley, 2002.

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22George+M.+Malacinski%22



26

Course Code: BBT-403 Title: Bioprocess and Fermentation Technology


Objective of Subject: To study the fundamental operations in bioprocess development. To study the kinetics of growth, death and metabolism, fermentation, agitation, mass transfer and en zyme technology. Outcome of Subject: The course will help to integrate scientific and technological knowledge on the use of bioprocesses for industrial products at the process level, helps in the development and assessment of the conditions for efficient and sustainable design of bioprocesses

Relevance of Subject: The study of this course open venues in the field of Food and beverage companies, agriculture and chemical industries, waste management firms, petroleum oil and gas fields, biomedical firms, engineering design companies, and pharmaceutical companies

Unit I Introduction to bioprocess technology: Range of bioprocess technology and its chronological development. Basic principle components of fermentation technology. Isolation and screening of microorganisms of industrial importance. Types of microbial culture and its growth kinetics– Batch, Fed-batch and Continuous culture.

Design of bioprocess vessels : Significance of Impeller, Baffles, Sparger; Types of culture/production vessels- Airlift Cyclone Column; Packed Tower and their application in production processes. Principles of upstream processing– Media preparation, inocula development

Unit II Introduction to oxygen requirement in bioprocess; factors affecting KLa. Bioprocess measurement and control system with special reference to computer aided process control. Energetics of microbial growth in fermenters: Reaction rates, transport phenomenon in reactors, and energy flow. Introduction to downstream processing, product recovery and purification. Microbial production of ethanol, amylase, lactic acid, penicillin, single cell proteins and baker’s yeast.


1. Casida LE. (1991). Industrial Microbiology. 1st edition. Wiley Eastern Limited. 2. Crueger W and Crueger A. (2000). Biotechnology: A textbook of Industrial Microbiology. 2nd

edition. Panima Publishing Co. New Delhi. 3. Patel AH. (1996). Industrial Microbiology. 1st edition, Macmillan India Limited. ISBN-13: 978-

9350590089 4. Stanbury PF, Whitaker A and Hall SJ. (2006). Principles of Fermentation Technology. 2

nd

edition, Elsevier Science Ltd. ISBN 0 7506 4501 6 5. Bioprocess Engineering : Basic concepts. Second edition (2003) by Machael L. Shuler and

KikretKargi. Published by Prentice Hall of India. ISBN-13: 978-0130819086



27

Course Code: BBT-406L Title: Bio Analytical Techniques Lab


1. Preparation of buffers of different pH & concentration. 2. Determine the absorption spectra of a biological sample with single/double beam

spectrophotometer & verification of Beer’s Lambert law. 3. λ max of Proteins & Nucleic acids by U-V spectrophotometer. 4. Native gel electrophoresis of proteins. 5. SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis of proteins under reducing conditions. 6. Demonstration of the sub-cellular fractions of rat liver cells by audio visual aids. 7. Preparation of protoplasts from leaves. 8. Paper chromatography for amino acids. 9. TLC chromatography for lipids and carbohydrates. 10. Purification of proteins by gel filtration/ ion exchange chromatography. References: (Latest Edition): 1. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, 3rd edition, by David T. Plummer, Tata McGraw

Hill. 1988. 2. Practical Biochemistry for Students by Malhotra, Jaypee Brothers Publishers, 2003. 3. Laboratory Manual for Practical Biochemistry by Y. M. Shivaraja Shankara Jaypee Brothers

Publishers, 2008. 4. A Textbook of Practical Biochemistry by Joshi A. Rashmi, B. Jain Publishers, 2002.



28

Course Code: BBT-407L Title: Molecular Biology Lab


1. Study of physical and chemical structure of DNA by charts / models. 2. Study of types of DNA 3. Study of physical and chemical structure of RNA by charts / models. 4. Washing and Sterilization of glassware and plasticware. 5. Preparation of stock buffers for molecular biology experiments. 6. Preparation of working solutions from stock solutions. 7. Isolation of genomic DNA from human blood by salting out method. 8. Isolation of genomic DNA from plant. 9. Quality checking of DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis. 10. Quantification of DNA by spectrophotometer.


1. Practical handbook of biochemistry and molecular biology by Gerald D. Fasman, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, 1989.

2. Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual by J. Sambrook, E.F. Fritish and T. Maniati, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 2000.

3. Basic Techniques in Molecular Biology by Stefan Surzycki, Springer Lab Manuals, 2000.



29

Course Code: BBT-408L Title: Bioprocess and Fermentation Technology Lab


1. Isolation of industrially important lipolytic microorganisms from natural resource. 2. Fermentor and it is different parts: structure and function. 3. Different types of sterilization methods used for fermentation. 4. Batch fermentation using shake-flask for ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisae. 5. Determination of growth pattern, cell number and wet mass of Saccharomyces cerevisaeculture

during shake-flask fermentation. 6. Assay for substrate utilization during shake flask fermentation.

7. Assay for product formation during shake flask fermentation.

References: (Latest Edition)

1. Practical Manual on Fermentation Technology by S. Kulandaivelu, S. Janarthanan, Paperback – N 2012

2. Instructor's solutions manual for Bioprocess Engineering Principles by Pauline M. Doran, 2010.



30

Semester V

Course Code: BBT-501 Title: Animal Cell Culture

[SGGSWU – DBT] L/T/P: 4/0/0 Objective of Subject: To generate interest among the students to learn the animal cell culture techniques.

Outcome of Subject: To provide an understanding of the aseptic techniques of animal tissue culture and its

application in the biotech industry.

Relevance of Subject: Animal cell culture is used in research as well in various manufacturing processes.

Biotech industry requires highly skilled process technologists for the same. The aims to introduce this technique

and its applications

UNIT – I Concept of aseptic techniques in ATC; design and layout of ATC lab, Equipment for ATC lab. Laboratory safety and Biohazards, balanced salt solution and tissue culture media. Detection of contamination, preservation, storage and shipment of cells. Growth of cells in the serum free hormone(s) supplemented medium, Role of CO2 in culture medium.

UNIT – II Dispersion and disruption of tissue, monolayer and suspension culture techniques, measurement of growth and viability of cells in culture, maintenance of cultured cell line, primary and established cell line cultures, cell separation.

Cell culture characteristics, scale up methods for propagation of anchorage dependent and suspension cell culture, concept of Bioreactors for mass culture of mammalian cells, microcarrier culture. Three dimensional culture system and tissue engineering. Cell synchronization, cell transformation, cell immobilization techniques, Cell cloning and micromanipulation, animal cloning.


1. Spier, R. R. and Griffiths, J. B. (1990). Animal Cell Biotechnology, Academic Press, London. 2. Gareth, E. J. (1996). Human Cell Culture Protocols, Humana Press. 3. Julio, E., Celis (1998). Cell Biology-A Laboratory Hand Book, Vol. I-IV, 2nd Ed., Academic

Press, New York. 4. Butler, M. (2004). Animal Cell Technology, 2nd Ed., BIOS Scientific Publishers, U.K. 5. Freshney, R. T. (2006). Culture of Animal Cells, 5th Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York.



31

Course Code: BBT-502 Title: Recombinant DNA technology

[SGGSWU – DBT] L/T/P: 4/0/0 Objective of the Subject: Objectives of introducing recombinant DNA technology to under graduate students is to make them understand about how engineers/scientists apply their knowledge towards manipulation of specific genes, understanding genomes, gene expression and how desired traits can be altered in organisms.

Outcome of the subject: Students will learn moral and ethical problems related to its implementation, and the practical approaches to modify genes, and creating GMOs examples include bacteria, plant and animal GMOs.

Relevance of the Subject: The subject introduction will enrich student’s knowledge about use of recombinant DNA technology in solving the current problems in health, food and agriculture sector .

Unit I Introduction to genetic engineering: Importance of gene cloning and its analysis, restriction enzymes, restriction mapping. ligases, polymerases, alkaline phosphatase. Gene Recombination and Gene transfer: Vectors Systems (plasmids, λ phage biology and its vectors), M13 phage and its vectors, cosmid, phagemid, artificial chromosomes, Transformation, Microinjection, Electroporation.

Isolation and purification of DNA and RNA from bacteria, plants, animals and soil. Preparation and comparison of genomic and cDNA library, different strategies of gene cloning, linkers, adapters and homopolymer tailing, screening of recombinants: gene inactivation and blue white selection, Southern and Northern hybridization. Gene identification: Nucleic acid hybridization, immuno screening, functional complementation, DNA sequencing.

Unit II Gene expression: Expression vectors with respect to different promoters (lac, tac, T5, T7, lambda), signal sequences and their importance (omp) , tags (His, GST, MBP and IMPACT), selection of host with respect to promoter, Processing of recombinant proteins: soluble proteins, inclusion body, Protein refolding, Therapeutic products produced by genetic engineering-blood proteins, human hormones, immune modulators and vaccines (one example each).

Principle and applications of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), primer-design, and RT- (Reverse transcription) PCR: Random and site-directed mutagenesis, PCR based cloning, Reporter assay, RNase protection assay, DNA fingerprinting, application of genetic engineering in animals and plants, Safety measures and regulations for recombinant work.


1. Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis. (2006) 5th ed., Brown TA., Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, U.K. ISBN: 9781405181730

2. Biotechnology-Applying the Genetic Revolution (2009), Clark DP and Pazdernik NJ., Elsevier Academic Press, USA. ISBN 978-0-12-175552-2,

3. Molecular Biotechnology- Principles and Applications of recombinant DNA (2003) ,Glick, B.R., Pasternak, J.J., ASM Press, Washington. ISBN 978-1555814984

4. Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics (2006) , 7th

ed., Primrose SB and Twyman RM., Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, U.K. ISBN : 978-1-4051-3544-3

5. Molecular cloning: a Laboratory Manual (4th

Edition) by Michael R Green and J. Sambrook, Cold Spring

Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 2012.



32

Course Code: BBT-505L Title: Animal Cell Culture Lab


1. General introduction to Animal Cell Culture instruments and techniques 2. Basal media preparation for animal tissue culture and filteration. 3. Establishment of culture from cell lines (HeLa). 4. Doubling time of cells by measuring the cell count. 5. Trypsinization of monolayer and subculturing. 6. Cryopreservation and thawing. 7. Measuring cell proliferation and death.

Reference:

1. Mammalian cell biotechnology- A practical approach (1991) by Butler, M. (IRL, Oxford University Press).

2. Culture of animal cells: A manual of basic technique (1983) by Freshney, R.I.

(1llustrated Publisher A.R. Liss).



33

Course Code: BBT-506L Title: Recombinant DNA Technology Lab


1. Isolation of chromosomal DNA from bacteria. 2. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of DNA using spectrophotometer.

3. Plasmid DNA isolation 4. Restriction digestion of DNA

5. Preparation of competent cells. 6. Transformation of competent cells. 7. Replica plating and Blue white selection.

8. Demonstration of PCR


1. Molecular cloning: a Laboratory Manual (4th

Edition) by Michael R Green and J. Sambrook, Cold Spring

Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 2012.



34

Course Code: BBT-509 Title: Industrial/ Research Training


The Candidate has to gain knowledge about the experimental techniques used in laboratories of any reputed Institute/Company/University in relevant subject by working there for the minimum period of 24 hours per week for six weeks. Afterwards, the candidate has to submit the following documents:

1. The confidential report of candidate’s participation in the training duly signed by the Head/Supervisor of the institute/Company/Workshop in the sealed envelope.

2. A brief report about the techniques learned by him/her during the training. 3. On the basis of his report, Viva-voice will be conducted.



35

Semester VI

Course Code: BBT-601 Title: Plant Tissue Culture


Objective of Subject: The Students will learn the fundamentals of culturing plant cells and tissues, culture environment, cell proliferation, differentiation, and media formulation. The Students will acquire knowledge on various recombinant DNA techniques to produce genetically modified

organisms with novel traits.

Outcome of Subject: Students will be able to acquire the knowledge about the techniques of Plant Tissue Culture, Lab. organization & measures adopted for aseptic manipulation and nutritional

requirements of cultured tissues.

Relevance of Subject: The course is beneficial to provide the advanced theoretical and practical background necessary for employment in Biotechnology industry, as well as equipping students with

the knowledge required pursuing advanced studies in this area.

Unit – I Concepts & basic techniques in tissue culture , Micropropagation, stages of micropropagation, direct and indirect regeneration, Organogenesis & somatic embryogenesis, Factors affecting Organogenesis & somatic embryogenesis, Production and application of artificial seeds. Importance of variability, somaclonal and gametoclonal variations, practical application of somaclonal variations.

Embryo culture / embryo rescue and ovary culture. Endosperm culture, production of triploids, anther and pollen culture, Factors affecting anther and pollen culture, Significance of haploids in agriculture.

Unit – II Protoplast isolation, fusion & culture, somatic hybridization, selection of hybrid cells and regeneration of hybrid plants, symmetric and asymmetric hybrids, cybrids and role of protoplast culture and somatic hybridization in improvement of crop plants.

Initiation and maintenance of callus and suspension cultures, single cell clones, Plant secondary metabolites a general account, important pathways of secondary metabolite production (phenylpropanoid pathway and shikimate pathway etc), Regulation and accumulation of secondary metabolites, Biotransformation and elicitation. Freeze preservation & cryopreservation in germplasm storage, factors affecting revival of frozen cells, slow growth & DNA banking for germplasm conservation.


1. George, E.F. (1993). Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture, 2nd ed., Part-I, The Technology, Exegetics Ltd

2. Razdan, M. K. (1994). An Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.

3. Bhojwani, S.S. and Razdan, M.K. (1996). Plant Tissue Culture. Theory and Practice,Elsevier. 4. Tong-Jen, Fu, Gurmeet Singh & Wayne R. Curtis. Plant Cell & Tissue Culture for the Production

of Food Ingredients. Kluwer Acad, N.Y. 5. Ramawat, K.G. and Merillon, J.M. (1999). Biotechnology: Secondary Metabolites, Science

Publishers, U.S.Purohit, S. S. (2000). 6. Biotechnology Fundamentals & Application. 3rd ed., Agrobios (India), New Delhi.



36

Course Code: BBT-602 Title: Immunology


Objective of Subject: To introduce students about the basics of defense mechanisms of the body (immunity).

Outcome of Subject: Better understanding of various immunological processes and immune system.

Relevance of Subject: Helps to understand body’s defense/response in context of infections, malignancy or many other disorders/diseases.

Unit I Introduction: Overviews of immune system – Historical perspectives, Innate and acquired immunity,

Clonal nature of immune response. Cells of the immune system: Hematopoiesis and differentiation, lymphocyte trafficking, B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, Natural killer, cells and lymphocyte activated killer cells, eosinophils, neutrophils & mast cells, Major histocompatibility complex. Organs of the immune system: Primary and secondary lymphoid organs, systemic function of immune system. Lymphocyte Trafficking: Cell surface proteins, Cell Adhesion molecules (Integrin, Selectin, Cadherin family and Ig Superfamily). Antigen: Immunogenicity Vs. antigenicity, factors effecting immunogeneticity, nature of immunogen, epitopes, heptans and antigenicity, pattern recognition receptors.

Unit-II Immunoglobulins: Structure of antibody, antibody effector function, antibody classes and biological activities, antigenic determinants on Immunoglobulins, Immunoglobulins superfamilies. Hybridoma Technology: Production of Monoclonal Antibodies, applications of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Antigen–Antibody interactions : Strength of interaction, cross reactivity, antibody affinity, avidity. Antigen-antibody interactions as tools for research and diagnosis: precipitation and agglutination reactions, immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, immunoassays, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Radioimmunoassay (RIA), western blot, Immunofluorescence. Hypersensitivity: Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV Hypersensitivity reactions and their implications.

References: (Latest Edition): 1. Kuby Immunology (2006) by Thomas J. Kindt, Richard A. Goldsby, Barbara A. Osborne, Janis

Kuby (W.H. Freeman). 2. Immunology- A short course (2009) by Richard Coico, Geoffrey Sunshine (Wiley Blackwell). 3. Fundamentals of immunology (1999) by William Paul (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins). 4. Immunology (2001) by Ivan Maurice Roitt, Jonathan Brostoff, David K. Male (Mosby). 5. Kindt TJ, Goldsby RA, Osborne BA, Kuby J. Immunology. (6th Ed.) WH Freeman & Co. New

York; 2006. 6. Delves PJ, Martin SJ, Burton DR, Roitt IM. Roitt's essential immunology. Wiley Blackwell; 2011.



37

Course Code: BBT-606L Title: Immunology Lab


1. Differential leucocytes count. 2. Total leucocytes count. 3. Total RBC count. 4. Separation of serum from blood. 5. Double immunodiffusion test using specific antibody and antigen. 6. ELISA. 7. Rocket immuno-electrophoresis to determine the concentration of antigen in the test sample.

References: (Latest Edition)

1. Practical immunology (2002) by F.C. Hay and O.M.R. Westwood, P.N. Nelson, L. Hudson (Wiley -

Blackwell).

2. Clinical immunology and serology: A laboratory perspective (1997) by Steverns C.D (FA Davis

Company,Philadelphia).



38

Course Code: BBT-608 Title: Seminar


Each student has to deliver one seminars/Journal clubs of one hour (each) on recent advances in

Biotechnology.



39

Skill Enhancement Courses

[Any one per semester in semesters III-IV]

Course Code: BBT-SEC1 Title: Molecular Diagnostics


Objective of Subject: The objective of this course is to make use of new laboratory and analysis techniques for medical diagnostics

Outcome of Subject: Students are expected to have in-depth knowledge of the various tools and

techniques used in Histopathology

Relevance of Subject: This course offers students to get familiar with techniques which are being

used in the occupational fields of healthcare and beyond

Unit I Introduction to various diagnostic techniques: Immunodiagnosis, haemagglutination, Complement fixation, Western blot, RIPA, C-reactive protein test (CRP). Nucleic acid based diagnosis: Nucleic acid hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, microarray and nucleotide sequencing. Comparison of the methods to diagnose bacterial & parasitic infections. Enzyme-Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA) system: Applications in clinical diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases; Membrane-based rapid Immunoassays. Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies: Detection of polypeptide hormones; Tumor markers and cytokines; Diagnosis of infectious diseases and drug monitoring.

Unit II Molecular diagnosis of Genetic Diseases: Significance in prenatal diagnosis; pre-symptomatic diagnosis; carrier detection of hereditary diseases. PCR/OLA Procedures: Diagnosis of hereditary diseases caused by mutations not affecting restriction endonuclease sites. Genotyping with fluorescence labeled PCR primers Nucleic acid hybridization assay systems: Diagnosis of diseases by DNA hybridization. DNA Fingerprinting and RAPD as Diagnostic tools. Serological and molecular diagnosis of different hepatitis viruses. Non-radioactive Hybridization procedures: Use of chromogenic or chemiluminesent substrates and specific enzymes for detecting signal amplification.


1. Essentials of Diagnostic Microbiology by ShimeldLissa Anne and Rodgers Anne T., Delmes Learning, 1998.

2. Recombinant DNA by Watson James D and Gilman Michael, 2nd Edition, W.H Freeman and Company, New York, 2001.

3. Molecular Biotechnology: Principles & Application of Recombinant DNA by Glick Bernard R. and Pasternak Jack J., ASM press Washington DC 1998.

4. Methodology of immunochemical and immunological research Kwapinski G and Bannatyne, Willey inter science.

5. A handbook of practical and clinical immunology by Talwar G.P, and Gupta S.K, 1992.



40

Course Code: BBT-SEC2 Title: Basics of Forensic Science


Objective of the Subject: The objective of this course is to provide students with an overview of a variety of topics within the area of Forensic Sciences including crime scene investigation, fingerprinting, Ballistics and Forensic DNA analysis Outcome of the Subject: On completion of the course, the students will be able to develop an understanding of the scientific principles of crime scene investigation Relevance of the Subject: Forensic Science plays a vital role in the criminal justice system by providing scientifically based information through the analysis of physical evidence

Unit I

Introduction and principles of forensic science, forensic science laboratory and its organization and service, tools and techniques in forensic science, branches of forensic science, causes of crime, role of modus operandi in criminal investigation. Classification of injuries and their medico-legal aspects, method of assessing various types of deaths. Classification of fire arms and explosives, introduction to internal, external, and terminal ballistics. Chemical evidence for explosives. General and individual characteristics of handwriting, examination and comparison of handwritings and analysis of ink various samples.

Unit II Role of the toxicologist, significance of toxicological findings, Fundamental principles of fingerprinting, classification of fingerprints, development of finger print as science for personal identification, Principle of DNA fingerprinting, application of DNA profiling in forensic medicine, Investigation Tools, eDiscovery, Evidence Preservation, Search and Seizure of Computers, Introduction to Cyber security.

References (Latest Edition): 1. Molecular Biotechnology- Principles and Applications of recombinant DNA. ASM Press,

Washington. ISBN-13: 978-1555814984 2. B.B. Nanda and R.K. Tiwari, Forensic Science in India: A Vision for the Twenty First Century,

Select Publishers, New Delhi (2001).ISBN8190113526 3. M.K. Bhasin and S. Nath, Role of Forensic Science in the New Millennium, University of Delhi,

Delhi (2002). 4. S.H. James and J.J. Nordby, Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative

Techniques, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005). ISBN 9781420064933 5. W.G. Eckert and R.K. Wright in Introduction to Forensic Sciences, 2nd Edition, W.G.Eckert

(ED.), CRC Press, Boca Raton (1997). 6. R. Saferstein, Criminalistics, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey (2004). ISBN 0131384651 7. W.J. Tilstone, M.L. Hastrup and C. Hald, Fisher’s Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation,

CRC Press, Boca Raton (2013).



41

Course Code: BBT-SEC4 Title: Medical Laboratory Management


Objective of the Subject: The objective of this course is to utilize information management systems to provide timely and accurate reporting of laboratory data and to maintain focus on the patient to

provide quality laboratory services.

Outcome of the Subject: After completion of the course, the students will be: Skilled in current

laboratory practices and act as ethical and responsible members of the healthcare team

Relevance of the Subject: Medical laboratory management is a vital part of public health. It is

important for detection of disease in individuals and population.

Unit I Ethical Principles and standards for a clinical laboratory professional: Duty to the patient, Duty to colleagues and other professionals, Duty to the society Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) Regulations and Accreditation: Introduction to Basics of GLP and Accreditation, Aims of GLP and Accreditation, Advantages of Accreditation, Brief knowledge about Nation and International Agencies for clinical laboratory accreditation Awareness / Safety in a clinical laboratory: General safety precautions, HIV : pre- and Post-exposure guidelines, Hepatitis B & C : pre- and Post-exposure guidelines, Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

Patient management for clinical samples collection: collection of sample, transportation and preservation Sample accountability: Purpose of accountability, Methods of accountability Sample analysis: Introduction, Factors affecting sample analysis Reporting results: Basic format of a test report, Reported reference range, Clinical Alerts, Abnormal results, Turnaround time, Results from referral laboratories, Release of examination results, Alteration in reports

Unit II Quality Management system: Introduction, Quality assurance, Quality control system, Internal and External quality control Biomedical waste management in a clinical laboratory Introduction and importance of calibration and Validation of Clinical Laboratory instruments Laboratory Information system and financial Management: Introduction, Functions of a laboratory management system, Standards for laboratory management system, Introduction and awareness of financial management in a clinical laboratory Ethics in Medical laboratory Practice: Understanding the term ‘Ethics’, Ethics in relation to the following: Pre-Examination procedures, Examination procedures, Reporting of results, Preserving medical records, Access to Medical laboratory Records Audit in a Medical Laboratory: Introduction and Importance, Responsibility, Planning, Horizontal, Vertical and Test audit, Frequency of audit, Documentation

References (Latest Edition):

1. Medical Laboratory Management, by Sangeeta Sharma et.al, Viva Books Pvt Ltd.4737/23, Ansar Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 2. Clinical Laboratory Management, by Lynne Shore Garcia, ISBN Number 978-1-55581-279-.9



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Course Code: BBT-SEC5 Title: Genetic counselling [SGGSWU – DBT] L/T/P: 2/0/0

Objective of the Subject: Develop strong foundational knowledge and skills in genetic

counselling encompassing medical genetics; psychological and ethical issues; and familial and

social implications of genetic contributions to health and human disease.

Relevance of the Subject: This will help inform at-risk individuals about the relevant genetic,

biological and environmental risk factors related to the individual's inherited syndrome.

Outcome of the Subject: The genetic counselors can help families to understand the significance

of genetic disorders in the context of cultural, personal, and familial situations.

Unit I Introduction to genetic counselling: Definition and historical perspective; Process of genetic counselling; Role of genetic counsellors; Indications for genetic counselling; Tools of genetic counselling (Genetic registers, guidelines). Classification of genetic disorders (Single gene, Chromosomal, Multifactorial and Mitochondrial); Pedigree analysis and modes of inheritance. Introduction to risk evaluation and assessment; Bayesian statistics. Population screening for genetic disorders: Indications and types (adult, newborn and carrier screening); Carrier testing for autosomal recessive and X–linked disorders.

Unit II Prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders: Indications, Non-invasive techniques (Triple test, Ultrsonography), Invasive techniques (Amniocentesis, chorionic villi sampling, Fetal cells in maternal blood, Fetoscopy, Fetal blood sampling), Effect of mutagenic and teratogenic exposure in early pregnancy. Family screening of genetic disorders: Heterozygote screening; Presymptomatic and predispositional screening. Genetic counselling in unifactorial and multifactorial disorders; Diagnostic problems in genetic counselling; Ethical and legal issues in genetic counselling.

References (Latest Edition):

1. Principles of Medical Genetics by Geleherter, T.D. and Collins, F.S., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.

2. The Principles of Clinical Genetics by Gersen, S.L. and Keagle, M.B., Humana Press, Totowa.

3. An Introduction to Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy by Kresina, T.F., John Wiley and Sons, New York.



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DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSES

[Any two per semester in semesters V-VI]

Course Code: BBT-DSE1 Title: Development Biology

[SGGSWU – DBT] L/T/P: 4/0/0 Objective of Subject: To introduce the students with processes of development and growth of organisms. Outcome of Subject: This will help the students to understand origin of new lives, their development, differentiation, organogenesis and histogenesis etc. Relevance of Subject: Students will have understanding of the events involved in the formation of new organisms. Understanding of these processes will have clinical implications in understanding or relating with developmental alterations.

Unit I Introduction to basic aspects of cell cycle and its control. Detailed description of Mitosis and Meiosis Gametogenesis – Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis Fertilization - Definition, mechanism, types of fertilization. cell surface molecules in sperm-egg recognition in animals. Cleavage: Definition, types, patterns & mechanism Blastulation: Process, types & mechanism Gastrulation: Morphogenetic movements– epiboly, emboly, extension, invagination, convergence, de-lamination. Formation & differentiation of primary germ layers Basic concepts of development: Potency, commitment, specification, induction, competence, determination and differentiation; morphogenetic gradients; cell fate and cell lineages; stem cells; genomic equivalence and the cytoplasmic determinants; imprinting. Control of differentiation at the level of genome, transcription and post-translation level Concept of embryonic induction: Primary, secondary & tertiary embryonic induction, Neural induction and induction of vertebrate lens.

Unit III Neurulation, notogenesis, development of vertebrate eye. Fate of different primary germlayers Development of behaviour: constancy & plasticity, Extra embryonic membranes, placenta in Mammals. Cell aggregation and differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum; axes and pattern formation in Drosophila melanogaster. Organogenesis – vulva formation in Caenorhabditis elegans; environmental regulation of normal development; regeneration in vertebrates, sex determination.


1. Gilbert, S. F. (2006). Developmental Biology, VIII Edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA. ISBN-13: 978-0878932580.

2. Balinsky, B.I. (2008). An introduction to Embryology, International Thomson Computer Press. ISBN-13: 978-0030577123.

3. Kalthoff, (2000). Analysis of Biological Development, II Edition, McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN-13: 978-0070920378.



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Course Code: BBT-DSE2 Title: Food Biotechnology


Contact Hours: 50h

Objective of Subject: To gain knowledge about the historical perspectives, Different types of food materials, their composition, factors responsible for their spoilage, and types of food borne diseases.

Outcome of Subject: The students will learn nutritional aspects of different food materials, identify the important pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in foods and the conditions under which they grow. Identify the conditions under which the important pathogens are commonly inactivated, killed or made harmless in foods. Know the principles involving food preservation via fermentation processes.

Relevance of Subject: Food Biotechnology is a rapidly developing, increasingly important branch of science that has implications for the prevention of food spoilage and food borne diseases. This field open avenues for the students as microbiologists, food analysts/ biochemist, process development scientists in the food base industries , besides the resercah and development and subject matter expert in academia.

Unit I History background Composition of food Growth of microorganisms in food: Intrinsic and extrinsic factors Traditional fermented foods: Bread, cocoa, coffee, tea, sauerkraut, cheese, butter, yoghurt, meat, fish, etc. Alcoholic beverages: Beer, wine and whisky Value addition products: High fructose syrup, invert sugars etc.

Edible fungus: Mushrooms

Unit II Single cell proteins: Spirulina, yeast etc. as food supplements Improvement of food resources: Golden rice, Potato etc. Food and water borne disease: Gastroenteritis, Diarrhea, Shigellosis, Salmonellosis, Typhoid, Cholera, Polio, Hepatitis etc. Food borne intoxications: Staphylococcal, Bacillus, Clostridium etc. Detection of food borne pathogens. Food preservation and storage


1. Food Sciences and Food Biotechnology (2003), G.F.P. Lopez, G, Canas, E.V. Nathan. CRC. 2. Genetically Modified Foods (2002). (Eds) M. Ruse, D. Castle. Prometheus Book publication.

ISBN-13: 978-1573929967 3. Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering. (1990) (Eds). H.G. Schwartzberg, M.A. Rao,

Marcel Dekker. 4. Modern Food Biotechnology (2005) 7th edition James M. Jay, M.J. Lossner, D.A. Golden. 5. Food Science (2005). N. N. Potter , J. H. Hotchkiss. Fifth edition. ISBN 978-0-8342-1265-7



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Course Code: BBT-DSE3 Title: Bioinformatics


Objective of Subject: To introduce students about the concept of computer aided biology.

Outcome of Subject: Students will get knowledge about various biological databases, software packages and tools.

Relevance of Subject: Helps the students to: - Access online literature and other relevant information related to their studies-use bioinformatics tools and databases in their research projects

Unit I Introduction to bioinformatics: Computer fundamentals- programming languages in bioinformatics, role of supercomputers in biology. Historical background and current perspective & emergence of Bioinformatics, Applications of bioinformatics. Biological databases and data retrieval: Introduction to biological databases- primary, secondary and composite databases. Sequence Information Sources: NCBI, GenBank, EMBL, DDBJ, NDB, Entrez, Unigene, UniSTS. Protein Information Sources: PIR, Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL, PDB. Data mining tools & techniques: Introduction to Medline, Pubmed, OMIM. Genomics and proteomics (Basic concepts), Data mining, ENTREZ and SRS. Gene finding and gene scan

Unit II Sequence alignment: Similarity, identity and homology, orthology, Analogy &Paralogy. Alignment- local and global alignment, pairwise and multiple sequence alignments. Analysis phylogenetics: CLUSTAL, PHYLIP NJ & UPGAMAS. Protein structure prediction: Physical properties, secondary structure, alpha & beta structure, motifs, tertiary structures, specialized structure and function; Significance of Ramachandran map. Molecular visualization - protein conformation and visualization tool (RASMOL). Drug discovery: Role of bioinformatics in drug discovery, target discovery, lead discovery, microarray, docking and prediction of drug quality, Bioinformatics companies. References: (Latest Edition):

1. Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis (2001), 1st ed., Mount, D.W. Cold Spring Harbor Laborator Press (New York), ISBN: 0-87969-608-7.

2. Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics (2003), 1st ed., Pevsner, J., John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (New Jersey), ISBN: 0-47121004-8.

3. Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins (2005), 3rd ed., Baxevanis, A.D. and Ouellette, B.F., John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (New Jersey), ISBN: 0- 47147878-4.

4. Bioinformatics – Principles and Applications (2008), 1st ed. Ghosh, Z. and Mallick, B., Oxford University Press (India), ISBN: 9780195692303.



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Course Code: BBT-DSE4 Title: Plant Physiology

[SGGSWU – DBT] L/T/P: 4/0/0 Objective of Subject: Plant physiology is the study of how plants work. The emphasis of this course is plant

function at the level of the organism. To understand organisms, however, it is necessary to understand the

functions of their cells and biological molecules.

Outcome of Subject: The course will provide students with a comprehensive introduction to major topics in

cellular, physiological, and ecological plant biology

Relevance of Subject: This course is valuable as it helps to understand how plant physiology in terconnects with

agricultural, forestry, environmental science, genetics, the health sciences, and other fields. Throughout the

course, connections between plant physiology and other areas of knowledge will be emphasized.

Unit I Anatomy: The shoot and root apical meristem and its histological organization; simple & complex permanent tissues; primary structure of shoot & root, secondary growth, growth rings, leaf anatomy (dorsi-ventral and isobilateral leaf)

Plant water relations and micro & macro nutrients: Plant water relations: Importance of water to plant life, Uptake, transport and translocation of water, ions, solutes and macromolecules from soil, through cells, across membranes, through xylem and phloem; transpiration, stomata & their mechanism of opening & closing, mechanisms of loading and unloading of photo-assimilates. Micro & macro nutrients: criteria for identification of essentiality of nutrients, roles and deficiency systems of nutrients, mechanism of uptake of nutrients, mechanism of food transport

Unit II

Carbon metabolism and assimilation of mineral nutrients: Photosynthesis- Photosynthesis pigments, concept of two photo systems, photphosphorylation, calvin cycle, CAM plants, photorespiration, compensation point. Nitrogen metabolism- inorganic & molecular nitrogen fixation, nitrate reduction and ammonium assimilation in plants, Sulphur, phosphate and cation assimilation in plants. Growth and development: Definitions, phases of growth, growth curve, physiological effects and mode of action of phytohormones (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abcissic acid and ethylene) Embryo development and seed germination, seed dormancy, concept of photoperiodism and vernalization References: (Latest Edition):

1. Dickinson, W.C. 2000 Integrative Plant Anatomy. Harcourt Academic Press, USA.ISBN 9780122151705

2. Esau, K. 1977 Anatomy of Seed Plants. Wiley Publishers. ISBN - 978-0471245209 3. Fahn, A. 1974 Plant Anatomy. Pergmon Press, USA and UK. 4. Hopkins, W.G. and Huner, P.A. 2008 Introduction to Plant Physiology. John Wiley and Sons.

ISBN : 978-0-470-46142-6 5. Mauseth, J.D. 1988 Plant Anatomy. The Benjammin/Cummings Publisher, USA. ISBN-13: 978-

1932846171 6. Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M. 2004 Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 4

thedition, W.H. Freeman and

Company, New York, USA. ISBN-13: 978-0716743392 7. Salisbury, F.B. and Ross, C.W. 1991 Plant Physiology, Wadsworth Publishing Co. Ltd. ISBN-10:

0534151620 8. Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E. 2012 Plant Physiology, 5

th edition, Sinauer Associates Inc .MA, USA ISBN-

13: 978-0878938667



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Course Code: BBT105E/BMLT105E Title: General Sciences


Objective of Subject: The objective of this course is to introduce the basic science fundamental facts.

Outcome of Subject: The course provide practical knowledge of the general science contents to

develop scientific knowledge scientific appreciation and scientific temper among the students

Relevance of Subject: General Science, as a subject, provides general education in science to every individual irrespective of one’s special aptitudes. Science and its applications permeate modern life so extensively that every citizen has to have knowledge of science for efficient living. General Science

can therefore be defined as ‘everyday science for everybody’.

Unit I Force and motion: Distance, Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration, Friction, Work, Power & Energy Gravitation: Newton’s Law Optics: Light, Reflection, Prism, Simple Microscope, Magnetic Field, Electric Field, Ohms Law, Faraday’s Law, Universe: Solar system, Stars & Satellite. Structure of Atoms: Electron, Proton & Neutron, The nucleus, Rutherford’s Atomic Model, Bohr’s Atomic Model. Acid Bases, Buffer Solutions. Types of chemical reaction, oxidation-reduction, electrolysis, Soaps, Detergents.

Unit II Origin of life: Darwin theory of evolution, Mechanism of evolution, Cell Theory, Biomolecules, Mendelian Genetics, Plant structure and function, The ecological Niche, Food Chain and web. Biodiversity: Conservation efforts, Hot spots, Kyoto Protocol, International space stations, Hubble Space Station, Space Mission, Heavy water reactors, Biofuels, GMO and Transgenic Plants

References:

1. Physical Biochemistry: Principles and Applications by David Sheehan, John Wiley & Sons, 2009. 2. Biophysical Chemistry: Principles and Techniques by A. Upadhyay, K. Upadhyay and N. Nath.,

3rd edition, Himalaya Publishing House, Delhi, 2007.

http://www.google.co.in/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22David+Sheehan%22

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS FOR BSc (Hons. …€¦ · Department of Biotechnology B.Sc...

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