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Treating Cholera

Sack, David, et al . 2004. Seminar: Cholera. The Lancet. 363: 223-233.

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Epidemic Control Measures

Hygienic disposal of human wasteAdequate supply of waterGood food hygiene

Thoroughly cooking food Eating food while its hot Preventing cooked foods from contacting

raw foods (including water or ice) Avoiding raw fruits or vegetables Washing hands after defecation & before cooking

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs107/en/print.html

Sack, David, et al. 2004. Seminar:Cholera. The Lancet. 363: 223-233.

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DEFINITIONLeptospirosis is a kind of zoonotic

infectious disease caused by pathogenic

leptospires;rats and swine are cardinal sourceof infection.

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Causative Agent: Bacteria of theGenus Leptospira

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DEFINITION clinical features:

three symptoms,

three signs,internal organ damage,seguelae of eyes and nerve system

treatment : penicillin.

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Routes of transmission:(1) water borne (indirect contact

transmission):

by skin, mucosa, when skin is injured.(2) direct contact transmission:(3) food borne

PATHOGENESIS

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PATHOGENESISleptospira

skin, mucosaInitial stage leptospiremia ( toxic symptoms)(1~3days) three symptoms :

fever,myalgia,headachethree signs:conjunctival suffussion;

muscle tenderness;

enlargement of thelymphnodes

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PATHOGENESISsevere toxic symptoms

lesion of organs:- influenza form

- pneumorrhagic formmiddle stage - icterohemorrhagic form(3~10d) - meningoencephalitis

renal failure form.

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Leptospirosis

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Diagnostic test:

1.MAT (Microscopic Agglutination Test)

2.ELISADrugs:1.Oral doxycycline2.Ampicillin3.Streptomycin4.Intravenous Penicillin G

Leptospirosis

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Leptospirosis

Health Teachings1.Provide education to clients telling them toavoid swimming in potentially contaminatedwater or flood water.2. Use of proper protection like boots, gloves

when work requires exposure to

contaminatedwater.3. Drain potentially contaminated water when

possible.

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Leptospirosis

Nursing Management1. Isolate the patient and concurrentdisinfection

of soiled articles.2. Report all cases of leptospirosis.

3. Investigation of contacts and source of infection.

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PATHOGENESIS

immunopathological reaction after fever; sequelae of eyes; reactive meningitis; cerebro arteritis obliterans. convalescent stage

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