1 OVERVIEW OF DESIGN CODE WG Creep and shrinkage of concrete may affect consid-erably on long term behavior and durability of con-crete structures. They have to be considered in vari-ous aspects when structures are designed, such as reduction of effective prestress in prestressed con-crete members, concrete cracks harmful to durability of structures, time-dependent deflection and redistri-bution of stress between steels and concrete, in con-crete members under service load and so on. There-fore, prediction model for creep and shrinkage that can precisely predict their behavior and calculate their values is essential in order to design safe and durable structures with high serviceability.

Creep and shrinkage prediction models adopted in domestic and foreign codes are based on large numbers of test data and consist of prediction equa-tions with factors related to creep and shrinkage of concrete, they are mix proportion and strength of concrete, environmental conditions of structures and so on. Prediction equations simulating test data are practical and useful in an aspect that long term creep and shrinkage can be estimated from data at design stage. However, on the other hand, high accuracy of prediction is not expected.

Wide used prediction models in the world cords are CEB/FIP-90 model and ACI 209 model. It is known that these prediction models tend to give

smaller creep and shrinkage values than test data in Japan because of differences in materials of con-crete. With these backgrounds, original prediction models to meet domestic conditions have been pro-posed, and some of them were adopted in specifica-tions of JSCE (Japan Society of Civil Engineers) and AIJ (Architectural Institute of Japan).

In order to verify the accuracy of proposed pre-diction models for creep and shrinkage of concrete, accumulation of reliable test data is necessary. Therefore, technical committees of JSCE, JSCE308

Database of creep and shrinkage based on Japanese researches

K. Sakata & T. Ayano Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan

K. Imamoto Faculty of Engineering Division II, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan Y. Sato Faculty of Engineering, Oita University, Oita, Japan

ABSTRACT: This working group has dealt with specific problems in creep and shrinkage of concrete: collec-tion of test data enough reliable as basis of prediction models, development and maintenance of the database and making technical reports on prediction equations for creep and shrinkage of concrete. In order to develop and verify prediction models for creep and shrinkage of concrete, reliable test data are necessary. It is difficult for an individual researcher to collect number of data under various conditions. It is desirable, therefore, that a database should be systematically developed and continuously maintained by a task group in academic asso-ciations, as had been done in RILEM and ACI. Learning from their activities, Japanese technical committees, JSCE308 (chairman Sakata, 1995-2000), JSCE320 (chairman Tsubaki, 2000-2003) and AIJ (chairman Mi-hashi, 2003-2006), developed a database for creep and shrinkage of concrete. Most data in the database were collected from technical papers published in Japan and classified into data of standard specimens and struc-tures. This working group has united two databases and added some data shown in recent published journal. Precision of some prediction models was reviewed by data included in this database.

Figure 1. Database for laboratory test data developed by de-sign code WG.

(chairman Sakata, 1995-2000) and JSCE320 (chair-man Tsubaki, 2000-2003), were organized, and a da-tabase for creep and shrinkage of concrete has been developed, and laboratory test data has been accu-mulated. Also in AIJ, technical committee was or-ganized (chairman Mihashi, 2003-2006), and a data-base, collecting data from technical papers, has been developed.

In the design code WG, two databases which had been developed in JSCE and AIJ were unified not only to establish wide range database but also to in-troduce primary Japanese papers concerning time dependent behavior of concrete. Moreover, data of existing structures were collected from papers pub-

lished in Japan. Considering the convenience in the international use, the database was designed to have enough compatibility with other databases of RILEM etc. All data written in Japanese was trans-lated into English; authors, titles, documents, key words and abstracts. Researchers and engineers can refer from everywhere in the world. Figure 1 shows one of the computer displays of the laboratory test data developed by the design code WG. The data-base is equipped with an extract function. For exam-ple, if users search for with unit water content and range of water-cement ratio, creep and shrinkage data of corresponding conditions will be selected

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Figure 6. Database for real structures.

and be shown on the screen. Users are able to download the data.

As shown in Figure 2, the number of papers re-ferred to laboratory test data is 116, and the most of them are published before 2000. Among them, pa-pers in civil engineering field are 47 and papers in architectural field are 69. All together, 771 different mixtures of concrete were collected from the papers. As it can be seen from Figure 3, concrete strengths cover a wide range, from low strength to high strength. If a series of time dependent strains of creep or shrinkage is counted as one set of data, 367 sets of creep data and 687 sets of shrinkage data are collected and accumulated in the database. Totally, more than 1,000 sets of data were collected from pa-pers published in Japan. In the design code WG, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, accuracy of the pre-diction models developed by JSCE are verified using collected data by RILEM, CEB and JSCE, and spe-cial features and subjects to discuss are pointed out.

In the design code WG, database for existing structures as well as database for laboratory test was developed. Data concerning creep, shrinkage and de-flections recorded on existing structures, such as bridges and buildings was collected from papers. The total number of referred papers is 52. Also, con-tained data was translated into English; authors, ti-tles, documents, key words and abstracts. Database for real structures was extended the former database developed by a technical committees of JSCE, JSCE320 (chairman Tsubaki, 2000-2003). The sys-tem to open database to the public was newly devel-oped by the design code WG. Figure 6 shows one of the computer displays of the existing structure data-base system. In the database, photographs and draw-ings of the structures are opened as well as data con-cerning time-dependent behavior. Published years of papers referred to existing structure data are between

1950’s to 2000’s, as shown in Figure 7. The number of structures contained in the database is 114, and most of them are bridges as shown in Table 1. The number of data set contained in the database for ex-isting structures is 362. The types of the all data are shown in Table 2. We hope that both database for laboratory tests and existing structures are useful for practical design works and academic researches.

2 PREDICTION MODEL FOR CREEP AND SHRINKAGE IN SEVRAL MODEL CODES

2.1 Introduction Creep and shrinkage of concrete is one of the impor-tant problems in cement and concrete engineering. It may affect either directly or indirectly on various aspects of performance of concrete structures, such as degradation of aesthetic, concrete cracks harmful to durability in concrete structures and time-dependent deflection in concrete structures under service load. Therefore, prediction model for creep and shrinkage that can precisely predict creep and shrinkage behavior of concrete is essential in practi-cal design of structures.

Many practical prediction models have been pro-posed in the world (JSCE 2002, Comite Euro-International du Beton 1990, Bazant et al. 1995, Gardner et al. 2001), and some of them are adopted in design code. However, it is clear that creep and shrinkage behavior is different for properties of con-structive materials of concrete, such as cement, ag-gregate and admixtures. This is one of the reasons that every country or region has own code.

To attain high strength and high durability, higher strength concrete with low water-cement ratio has become widely used, and research into high-

Table 2. Sort of measurement.

Sort of measurement Numbers

Total strain 211

Creep strain 51

Specific creep 2

Creep coefficient 22

Shrinkage strain 30

Elastic strain 12

Deflection / Wrapping 27

Displacement 3

Others 4

Total 362

Table 1. Sort of structure.

Sort of structure NumbersBox 48

T-section 10 I-section 30 Girder

Rectangular-section

2

Hollow slab 10

Bridge

Pier 1 Slab 1 Wall 8 Dam 3

Box culvert 1 Total 114

performance concrete and its applications have been very active. It is known that creep and shrinkage be-havior of such concrete is different from that of con-ventional concrete. Hence, in Japan, the new original prediction models for creep and shrinkage, which can be applied to high strength concrete, were estab-lished by the JSCE (Japan Society of Civil Engi-neers) and AIJ (Architectural Institute of Japan), and adopted in the practical design specification. These achievements were carried out based on collection of test data enough reliable and development of the database.

Here is description of the database of creep and shrinkage. Most data in JSCE database were col-lected from technical papers published in Japan and classified into data of standard specimens, members and structures. This database can be used for verifi-cation of prediction models, substitution of labora-tory test and academic research. In AIJ database of shrinkage, the used experimental data was 3,335 col-lected from summaries of technical papers of annual meeting AIJ. In AIJ database of creep, the used ex-perimental data was 1,340 collected from summaries

of technical papers of annual meeting AIJ, Proc. of the JCI (Japan Concrete Institute) and Cement Sci-ence and Concrete Technology.

In this report, JSCE data and AIJ data were used for evaluation of prediction model. The used data for shrinkage is shown in Figure 8 (a) and (b) respec-tively. The used data for creep is shown in Figure 9 (a) and (b), respectively. The data which has no rela-tive humidity, the temperature is different from 20 C degree largely, the strength of concrete is much higher than 80 N/mm2, concrete uses the recycled aggregate or the shrinkage reducing agent, is ex-cluded to use this evaluation.

2.2 Prediction model In this report, four prediction models were used for evaluation of prediction for shrinkage. These are JSCE model (JSCE 2002), AIJ model (Sato et al. 2005), FIB-90 model(Comite Euro-International du Beton 1990) and ACI 209 model (ACI committee 209 2008). For this evaluation, some experimental data which can calculate the prediction value by four models were selected from two databases.

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2.3 Evaluation of prediction models of shrinkage Figures 10-13 show the result of comparing pre-dicted data with experimental data respectively.

The predicted data is calculated by four predic-tion models. From these figures, it is clear that the predicted tendency is different by each model. This is because the consideration of experimental condi-tion is different in four models, therefore these are the characteristics of them. When we want to talk about accuracy of the prediction, it is necessary to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction considering each experimental condition. If we use these data-bases effectively, we may be able to do so.

2.4 Evaluation of prediction models of creep Figures 14-17 show the results of comparing pre-dicted data with experimental data. The predicted data is calculated by four prediction models. From these figures, it is clear that the predicted tendency is different by each model. This is because the differ-ences of properties of constructive materials of con-crete and experimental conditions. Therefore these are the characteristics of them. When we want to

talk about accuracy of the prediction, it is necessary to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction each ex-perimental condition. If we use these databases ef-fectively, we may be able to do so.

3 EXPLANATION ON THE OPERATION OF DATABASE

3.1 Database of creep and shrinkage of laboratory data

When you click [Concrete data], the page jumps to concrete data used at the experiment.

When you click [Experiment data], the page jumps to experimental data on time-dependent strain.

When you click [Reference], authors, title and abstract of the paper used for database are shown

[Reference (JAPANESE Version)] explains the outline of the used papers in Japanese. 3.1.1 Screen of concrete data When you click [Mixture proportion], the detail of concrete material and mixture proportion are shown.

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Figure 10. Evaluation of drying shrinkage prediction by JSCE model.

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Figure 11. Evaluation of drying shrinkage prediction by AIJ model.

When you click [Properties of concrete], com-pressive strength, Young’s modulus, tensile strength, Poisson's ratio, coefficient of thermal expansion, and creep Poisson's ratio are shown.

When you click “click!” in red, you can see the experimental data used as the targeted concrete.

3.1.2 Screen of experimental data When you click [Time-dependent strain], experi-mental data on time-dependent strain, temperature and relative humidity of chamber, and curing method are shown.

When you click [Measuring and Histories of Temp, Stress], measuring method, the histories of stress, temperature, relative humidity are shown.

When you click [Specimen], the information on specimen’s size and shape, and reinforcement are shown.

When you click [Moisture loss and Diffusion co-efficient], the data on moisture loss and diffusion coefficient are shown.

3.1.3 Searching function of database For example, the following experimental data are searched: water content is from 150 to 180kg/m3 and water to cement ratio is from 20% to 30%. (1) Click [Concrete data] at top menu. (Figure 21.) (2) Click the icon under unit water content in table

of mixture proportion. (Figure 22.) (3) Input the maximum and minimum data of water

content, that is, input [150] and [180]. Then, click [OK]. (Figure 22.)

(4) The number of experimental data in the required range is shown. (Figure 23.)

(5) Click the icon under unit water to cement ratio in table of mixture proportion. (Figure 23.)

(6) Input the maximum and minimum data of water content, that is, input [20] and [30]. Then, click [OK]. (Figure 23.)

(7) The number of experimental data in the required range is shown. (Figure 24.)

(8) Click the icon on the left, the experimental data on time-dependent strain of required concrete are

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Figure 12. Evaluation of drying shrinkage prediction by FIB-90 model.

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Figure 13. Evaluation of drying shrinkage prediction by ACI 209 model.

shown. (Figure 24.)

3.2 Database of creep and shrinkage of field data When you click [Structure and Concrete data], the name of concrete structure, constructed year, con-struction place, picture of structure, and so on are shown.

When you click [Detail data], measured data on creep and shrinkage, measuring position, and the de-tail of member are shown.

3.3 Outline of references for laboratory data In order to establish the database of laboratory test data of creep and shrinkage, 116 references were used. The outline of references is as follows; 1) ARAI T., SEKI S., NAGAKURA T. and SA-

KAKIBARA I.: Report of Experiments on Slag Cement, Report of CRIEPI (Civil Engi-neering 55109), 1956

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Figure 14. Evaluation of creep prediction by JSCE model.

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Figure 15. Evaluation of creep prediction by AIJ model.

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Figure 16. Evaluation of creep prediction by FIB-90 model.

2) Nagakura T.: Report of Experiments on Pre-packed Concrete (second report), Report of CRIEPI (Civil Engineering 56062), 1956

3) Tokuda H. and Itoh T. : Report of Experiments on Drying Shrinkage and Water Diffusion Co-efficient of Fly Ash Concrete, Report of the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (Civil Engineering 63015), 1964

4) Kawahara T. , Murano G. , and Sakakibara I. : Research on Slag Cement made by wet smash-ing method, Report of the Central Research In-stitute of Electric Power Industry, No.64042, 1964

5) Okuda T., Nakano T., and Kakuda T. : Physi-cal Characteristics of Mortar and Concrete Containing Iron Powder, Report of the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, No. 65032, 1965

6) Aoyagi Y., Onuma H. and Kawasaki M.: Ex-perimental Study on Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Beams under Temperature Gradient, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry Report, No. 70003, 1970

7) Kawasumi M. , Seki S., Kasahara K. and Ku-riyama T.: Creep of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures, CRIEPI Report, No. 72018, 83p., 1973

8) Ohnuma H. , Aoyagi Y., Kawasaki M. and Abe H.: Experimental Study on Behavior of Creep under High Temperature in a Thick-Walled Prestressed Concrete Ring Model, CRIEPI Report, No. 74016, 50p, 1975

9) Otani K. and Abe Y.: Research and Develop-ment of Prestressed Concrete Pressure Vessels (Part 8) - Triaxial Creep of Concrete under High Temperature (3rd Report) -, Kajima Technical Research Institute Annual Report, No. 24, pp. 13-18, 1976

10) Okajima T., Oh'iwa K., Tsujino S. , Haseda N., Okada, K. and Yamase S.: Creep of Concrete under Combined Stresses, Trans. of A.I.J., No. 242, pp. 1-9, 1976

11) Kawaguchi T.: Study on Prestressed Concrete Reactor Vessel (PCRV) Structures - IV-1 Creep Tests of Concrete Subjected to Uniaxial and Triaxial Compressive Stresses and Normal Temperature -, Ohbayashi-Gumi Research In-stitute Report, No. 12, pp. 13-17, 1976

12) Okada K., Kasa H., Yoshioka Y., Sakuta M. and Sato T.: Creep of Concrete at Elevated Temperature, Takenaka Technical Research Report, No. 17, pp. 59-65, 1977

13) Ohnuma H. and Abe H.: Creep and Creep Re-covery of Concrete Subjected to Triaxial Com-pressive Stresses at Elevated Temperature, CRIEPI Report, No. 378020, 38p., 1979

14) Ohnuma H., Aoyagi Y., Abe H. and Okazawa T.: Experimental Study on Creep Behavior of Concrete under Sustained Temperature Gradi-

ent in a Model of Prestressed Concrete Reactor Structures, CRIEPI Report, No. 379005, 89p., 1979

15) Takahashi H. and Kawaguchi T.: Study on Time-Dependent Behavior of High Strength Concrete (Part 1) - Application of the Time - Dependent Linear Viscoelasticity Theory of Concrete Creep Behavior -, Ohbayashi-Gumi Research Institute Report, No. 21, pp. 61-69, 1980

16) Takahashi H. and Kawaguchi T.: Study on Time-Dependent Behavior of High Strength Concrete (Part 2) - Results of Creep Tests of Concrete at Elevated Temperature -, Ohbaya-shi-Gumi Research Institute Report, No. 23, pp. 48-53, 1981

17) Sakata K. and Kuramoto O.: A Study on the Water Diffusion and Shrinkage in Concrete by Drying, Proc., JSCE, No. 316, pp. 145-152, 1981

18) Kawasumi M., Kasahara K. and Kuriyama T.: Creep of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures, Part 3, The Influence of Ages at Loading and Water / Cement Ratios, CRIEPI Report, No. 382008, 1982

19) Nagataki S., and Yonekura A.: Characteriza-tion of drying shrinkage and creep in high strength concrete, Concrete journal Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 75-87, 1982

20) Nagataki S. and Yonekura A.: Investigation of mechanism of creep and drying shrinkage of concrete, Concrete journal Vol. 20, No. 12, pp. 85-95, 1982

21) Ohnuma H., Aoyagi Y. and Kuriyama T.: Creep Characteristics of Expansive Concrete under Uiaxial Compressive Stresses, CRIEPI report, No. 382047, 1983

22) Ohnuma H., Aoyagi Y. and Kanazu T.: Ana-lytical Investigation of Cracking Behaviors in Concrete Lining of Shield Tunnels for Under-

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ground Transmission Lines, CRIEPI report, No. 382048, 1983

23) Kanazu T., Aoyagi Y. and Nakano T.: Evalua-tion of Temperature Cracking Tendensies of Hardened Concrete Using Newly Developed Apparatus, CRIEPI report, No. 382049, 1983

24) Ohama Y., Miyara M. and Endo M.: Drying Shrinkage and Strength of Steel Fiber Rein-forced Mortars Containing Shrinkage-Reducing Agent, Zairyo, Vol. 34, No.376, pp.14-18, 1985

25) Okajima T., Kawabe S. and Enoki K.: Thermal Expansion of Concrete under Sustained Load Considering the Effect of Creep, Proc. of JCI 7th Conf., pp.293-296, 1985

26) Ohgishi S. and Ono H.: Effect of Moisture Content on Creep of Concrete under Uniaxial and Triaxial Compressive Stress at Normal Temperature, Zairyo, Vol. 34, No. 376, pp. 8-13, 1985

27) Nagamatsu S., Sato Y. and Takeda Y: Creep Function for Aging Concrete, Preprints, Fourth RILEM International Symposium on Creep and Shrinkage of Concrete: Mathematical Modeling Ed. by Z.P. Bazant, pp. 743-754, 1986

28) Kazuo Takemura, Asuo Yonekura and Toshi-tugu Tanaka: Shrinkage of concrete with silica fume, Proceedings of the Japan Concrete Insti-tute, Vol. 9, pp. 69-74, 1987

Data for creep, drying shrinkage, and so on.

Data for mixture proportion, material, concrete strength and so on.

Main screen(Top menu)

Reference data in English version Reference data in Japanese version

Reference No.

NotationC_001

C: CreepS: ShrinkageCS: Both

Reference Number

For the next data

Figure 18. Database of laboratory data.

29) Kenji SAKATA, Toshiki AYANO and Satoshi HIGAKI: The prediction of creep under the varying stress, Proceedings of Japan Concrete Institute, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 429-434, 1991

30) Numao T. and Mihashi H.: Moisture Migra-tion and Shrinkage of Hardened Cement Paste at Elevated Temperatures, Trans. Of 11th Int. Conf. On Struct. Mech. In Reactor Tech., Vol. H, H02/2, pp.37-42, 1991

31) Kanazu T. and Ishida H.: Creep Behavior of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete at Elevated Temperature up to 300C, CRIEPI Report, No. U90060, 1991

32) M. Furushima, K. Suzuki, Y. Oono and T. Na-kagawa: Resistance to drying shrinkage of concrete with high early strength cement and AE super-plasticizer, Proceedings of Japan Concrete Institute, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 429-434, 1993

33) Tazawa E. and Miyazawa S.: Influence of Binder and Mix Proportion on Autogenous Shrinkage of Cementitious Materials, Journal of Materials, Concrete Structures and Pave-ments, JSCE, No. 502 / V-25, pp. 43-52, 1994

34) Osama E., Yamaguchi T. and Ikeda S.: Ex-perimental Studies on the Basic Creep of Ce-ment Paste Mortar and Concrete, Proceedings

Concrete No.Data for mixture proportion, material and so on.

Concrete strength appears.Time dependent strain data appears.

Total number of experimental data in the same mixture proportion.

Total number of the data.For the next data.

You can search the data to find out.

Figure 19. Screen of concrete data.

of Japan Concrete Institute, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 615-620, 1994

35) Kanatu T. and Ishida H.: Concrete creep be-havior in high temperature, Proceedings of Ja-pan Concrete Institute, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 621-626, 1994

36) Tomita R.: Study on mechanism and effect of organic shrinkage reducing admixture, Thesis of doctor of engineering in Tokyo Institute of Technology, 1994

37) Asanuma K., Takeshita H., and Fujii M.: Ef-fects and assessment of thickness of member for drying shrinkage, Proceedings of Japan Concrete Institute, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 621-626, 1995

38) Imamoto K. and Ohtani H.: Study on shrink-age behavior of high strength and super high strength concrete, Proceedings of Japan Con-crete Institute, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 1061-1067, 1995

Data of moisture loss and diffusion coefficient.

Detail of the specimen.

The condition of measurement appears.

No. of the data

Total number of the data.

Time dependent strain, outline of experiment and so on appears.

Experiment No. Concrete No.

NotationC_001_01

C: CreepS: ShrinkageCS: Both

Reference Number

ExperimentNumber

NotationC_001_A

C: CreepS: ShrinkageCS: Both

Reference Number

MixtureNumber

Figure 20. Screen of Experimental data.

39) Goto T., Uehara T. and Umehara H.: Study on creep at an early age, Proceedings of Japan Concrete Institute, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 1133-1138, 1995

40) Koushiro Y. Ohike T. and Nakane S.: An ex-perimental study on self compacting concrete with several additives, Proceedings of Japan Concrete Institute, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 129-134, 1995

41) Yasuda M., Abe M., Sasahara A. and Momo-tani T.: Experimental Study on Shrinkage and Crack on High Fluidity Concrete, Proceedings of Japan Concrete Institute, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 147-152, 1996

42) Momotani T., Yamada H. and Kita T.: Study on Shrinkage of Ultra-High-Strength Mortar and Concrete, Proceedings of Japan Concrete Institute, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 219-224, 1996

43) Ayano T. and Sakata K.: Concrete Shrinkage Strain under the Actual Atmosphere, Proceed-ings of Japan Concrete Institute, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 709-714, 1997

44) Imamoto K. and Ohtani H.: An Investigation of Cracking in Reinforced Ultra High Strength Concrete Frame, J. Struct. Constr. Eng., AIJ, No. 495, pp. 1-8, 1997

45) Umehara H., Kitagawa Y. and Yoshida: Study on the Effect of Creep for Thermal Stress in Massive Concrete Structures, Proceedings of Japan Concrete Institute, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 845-850, 1991

46) Morimoto H., Iwamoto T., Kurihara T. and Koyanagi W.: The Characteristic of The Com-pressive and The Tensile Creep of Concrete at Early Ages, JCA Proceedings of Cement & Concrete, No. 47, pp. 356-359, 1993

47) Kumono T., Nishibayashi S. and Kuroda T.: Effect of Sustained Tensile Stress on Micro-structure of Concrete, JCA Proceedings of Cement & Concrete, No.51, pp. 818-823, 1997

48) FUJIMOTO Takashi, SENBU Osamu, ADA-CHI Yusuke, TOMOSAWA Fuminori: Effect of Types of Coarse Aggregate on Driying Shrinkage of Concrete, Materials and con-struction, summaries of technical of annual

(2) Click here. (3) Input the maximum and minimum data of water content.

Figure 22. Operation of Searching function (No.2).

(7) The total number of searched data

(8) Click to find the time dependent strain.

Figure 24. Screen of Operation of Searching function (No.4).

(1) Click here.

Figure 21. Operation of Searching function (No.1).

(5) Click here.

(6) Input the range of water to cement ratio.

(4) The total number of searched data Figure 23. Operation of Searching function (No.3).

meeting architectural institute of Japan, 2003, pp. 97-98, 2003

49) Toriyama Takafumi, Koyama Akio, Kikuchi Masafumi, Matumura Junya: Study on Drying Shrinkage Cracking Tendency of Recycled Aggregate Concrete -Part2. Unixial Restraint Cracking Test, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting ar-chitectural institute of Japan, 2003, pp. 247-248, 2003

50) UMEZU Yuuji, SHIMIZU Akiyuki, HAMA-DA Masaru, SINODA Tooru, FUKUSHI Isao: Experimental Study on a Test Meshod for Judging of Recycled Aggregate Performance –Part 2 Experiment Result, Materials and con-struction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 2003, pp. 235-234, 2003

51) HROTA Kohji, TERANISHI Kohji, TAKEU-CHI Takanori: Quality of Recycled Aggregate

Data for creep, drying shrinkage, deflection and so on.

Data for detail of member (type of structure, type of tendon and so on.).

Main screen(Top menu)

Data for structure name, picture, general arrangement and so on.

Data for mixture proportion, material, concrete strength and so on.

NotationM_001-A-1

M: Member ReferenceNumber

Structure Number

MixtureNumber

Figure 25. Database of field data.

Concrete with Autoclave Curing –Part 2.Drying Shrinkage, Materials and construc-tion, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan,2003, pp.259-260, 2003

52) INOUE Kazumasa, MITSUI Kenro, IKEO Yosaku, KINOSHITA Mitsuo, MIURA Toyoji, INAGAKI Junji: Influence of Cement Type and Shrinkage-Reducing Admixture on Drying-Shrinkage of Concrete –Part 2 Crack-Resistance of Concrete due to Restrained Dry-ing-Shrinkage, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting ar-chitectural institute of Japan, 2002, pp. 545-546, 2002

53) TANIMURA Makoto, HYODO Hikotsugu: Properties of Concrete Using Shrinkage Re-ducing Agent, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting ar-chitectural institute of Japan, 2002, pp. 757-758, 2002

54) UMEZU Yuuji, SHIMIZU Akiyuki, KU-ROHA Kenji, TAKADA Makoto: Experimen-tal study on strength development of high flu-idity fly ash concrete in structures Part 4.Influence of different weather, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 2001, pp. 139-140, 2001

55) HIRA Hiroki, SIBAIKE Tatsuji, KAJIYAMA Tsuyoshi, SUMI Manadu and TAMAISHI Ryusuke: Experimental study on High-Fluidity Concrete Using Air Entraining and High Range Water Reducing Agent Containing Vis-cosity Ingredient (Part 2 Properties of Hard-ened Concrete and Heating Test), Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Ja-pan,2001, pp.269-270, 2001

56) HONMA Toshiaki et al.: Fundamental proper-ties of lightweight concrete using the super-lightweight aggregate, Materials and construc-tion, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan,2001, pp.297-298, 2001

57) KUKU Masatake, OOKUSI Kouji: Artificial Super Lightweight Aggregate Structural Con-crete, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural in-stitute of Japan, 2001, pp. 299-300, 2001

58) OZAKI Hironori, TUCHIDA Shinji, KONO Masanori: The durability examination of pre-cast contrifugal compaction, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 2001, pp. 331-332, 2001

59) KOJIMA Masaro, MITSUI Kenro: Influence of Curing for pore size distribution, rate of hy-dration and drying-shrinkage of concrete, Ma-

terials and construction, summaries of techni-cal of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 2001, pp. 433-434, 2001

60) INOUE Kazumasa, MITSUI Kenro, OHNO Sadatoshi, IWASHIMIZU Takashi: Influence of Thickness of Member on Drying-Shrinkage using Concrete with Different Final Drying-Shrinkage, Materials and construction, sum-maries of technical of annual meeting architec-tural institute of Japan, 2001, pp. 435-436, 2001

61) LIU Yong, OHNO Yoshiteru, NAKAGAWA Takao: Calculation of Shrinkage Crack Width Estjmation of Concrete, Materials and con-struction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 2001, pp. 437-438, 2001

62) KODAMA Atsushi, HOSHINO Minoru, KA-SAMI Hideo, SUGIYAMA Nariaki, TA-TEYASHIKI Hisashi, SHIMA Hirokazu: Properties of High Fludity Containing Recy-cled Concrete Powder. Part III (3)Experiment on Effect of Recycled Concrete Powder on Strength and Durability of High Performance Superplasticized Concrete, Materials and con-struction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 2001, pp. 675-676, 2001

63) NAGOMI Akira, EGUCHI Kiyoshi, TERAN-ISHI Kohji, KISHIMOTO Hitoshi: Study on the improvement of drying shrinkage behavior of recycled aggregate concrete Part 2 Applica-tion to the precast concrete members, Materi-als and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 2001, pp.743-744, 2001

64) KASAI Hiroshi: Study on Application of Re-source using Coal Ash -Part 4 Durability of Concrete using Artificial Aggregate with Coal Ash, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural insti-tute of Japan, 2000, pp. 609-610, 2000

65) HAGIHARA Shinji, MASUDA Yoshihiro, NAKAMURA Shigeharu, UENISHI Takashi, KONO Masanori, OKIHASHI Takanori: Ex-periment on Compressive and Tensile Creep of High-Strength Concrete in Early Age, Materi-als and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 2000, pp. 629-630, 2000

66) YASOSHIMA Harunori, SHINOZAKI Tohru, UMEMOTO Munehiro, KURABAYASHI ki-yoshi, ITATANI Toshiro, KOJIMA Masaki, KOBAYASHI Toshimitsu: Study on Concrete Using Several Drying Shrinkage Reducing Agents, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural in-stitute of Japan, 2000, pp. 641-642, 2000

67) IMAMOTO Keiichi, ANNOURA Takamichi, TOHYAMA Shunichi: Study on Influence of Aggregate Quality on Drying Shrinkage of Concrete (Part 6 Influence of Coarse Aggre-gate Quality), Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting ar-chitectural institute of Japan, 2000, pp. 649-650, 2000

68) KIMURA Yoshimoto, URANO Hideo, FUJI-SAWA Isao: Study on Influence of Aggregate Quality on Drying Shrinkage of Concrete (Part 7 Influence of Sand Quality on Drying Shrink-age of Concrete), Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting ar-chitectural institute of Japan, 2000, pp. 651-652, 2000

69) IWASHIMIZU Takashi, AKASHI Tomoki, MOTOKI Ryou: Study on Influence of Aggre-gate Quality on Drying Shrinkage of Concrete (Part 8 Influence of mixture on Drying Shrink-age of Concrete), Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting ar-chitectural institute of Japan, 2000, pp.653-654, 2000

70) LIU Yong, OHNO Yoshiteru, NAKAGAWA Takao, HAYASHIDA Tsuyoshi, YMASAKI junji: Cracking Tendency of Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete due to Drying Shrinkage, Materials and construction, summaries of tech-nical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 2000, pp. 655-656, 2000

71) HASUMI Masayuki, TADA Shinji, BABA Shinichi, FUKAZAWA Kyouzou: Experimen-tal Study on Concrete of 45cm Slump flow with Segregation Controlling Admixture (Part 5 Testing method of durability), Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 2000, pp. 963-964, 2000

72) UMEZU Yuuji, SHIMIZU Akiyuki, KU-ROHA Kenji, TAKADA Makoto: Experimen-tal study on strength development of high flu-idity fly ash concrete in structures Part 2 Tests in hot and temperate weathers, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 2000, pp. 971-972, 2000

73) KOJIMA Masaro, KAMIYAMA Yukio, KU-KINO Yoshinori, YAMAMOTO Yuichi, ISHIKURA Takeshi, SUKEKIYO Mitsuaki: Development of production Technique on High Quality Recyclable Aggregates [IV] (Part 2 Properties of Recycled Concrete using High-Quality Recycled aggregate by Me-chanical Grinding Method), Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 2000, pp. 1061-1062, 2000

74) NAKATO Takayuki, ISHIKURA Takeshi, SUKEKIYO Mitsuaki, TATEYASHIKI Hisa-shi, SHIMA Hirokazu: Development of pro-duction Technique on High Quality Recycla-ble Aggregates [IV] (Part 3 Basic Properties of Concrete with Recycled Aggregate Produced by Whole Heating and Grinding Method), Ma-terials and construction, summaries of techni-cal of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 2000, pp. 1063-1064, 2000

75) KAMIYAMA Yukio, KUKINO Yoshinori, YAMAMOTO Yuichi, KOJIMA Masaro, ISHIKURA Takeshi, SUKEKIYO Mitsuaki: Development of production Technique on High Quality Recyclable Aggregates [IV] (Part 4 Long term performance Test of Mock-up specimens made of Recycled Concrete which contains High-Quality Recycled Aggre-gate), Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural in-stitute of Japan, 2000, pp. 1065-1066, 2000

76) OGAWA Hideo, KASAMI Hideo, ISHI-KURA Takeshi, SUKEKIYO Mitsuaki: De-velopment of production Technique on High Quality Recyclable Aggregates [IV] (Part 6 Utilization of the by-product recycled concrete powder as mineral additive for concrete), Ma-terials and construction, summaries of techni-cal of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 2000, pp. 1069-1070, 2000

77) ARASHIMA Takeshi, HOSHINO Minoru, KASAMI Hideo, TATEYASHIKI Hisashi: Properties of High Fludity Concrete Contain-ing Recycled Concrete Powder. Part 2 (2) Fluidising Effect of High Rang Water Reduc-ing Agent & Properties of high Fluidity Con-crete, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural in-stitute of Japan, 2000, pp. 1077-1078, 2000

78) AOYAGI Takayuki, KIKUCHI Masafumi, NARIKAWA Masafumi, OSHIMA Yutaka, UCHIKAWAYuichiro, DOSHO Yasuhiro, MIURA Takehiro: Applicability of Recycled Aggregate Concrete for structural Concrete Part 11 Influence of neutralization of recycled aggregate on young's modulus and durability of recycled aggregate concrete, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan,2000, pp. 1047-1048, 2000

79) ISHIKAWA Yoshitaka, YASUDA Masayuki, URAKAWA Kazuya, YAMADA Masahiro, KAMADA Hiroyasu, KURODA Yasuhiro, MAKINO Chikao: Study on Concrete of High Strength Artiticial Aggregate (Part 3 Charac-teristics of Hardened Concrete), Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 1999, pp. 5-6, 1999

80) NAKAGAWA Takao, OHNO Yoshiteru, HAYASHIDA Tsuyoshi, YAMASAKI Junji: Cracking Tendency of Recycled Aggregate Concrete, Materials and construction, summa-ries of technical of annual meeting architec-tural institute of Japan, 1999, pp. 157-158, 1999

81) NISHIO Atsushi, TAMURA Hirosi, IMA-MOTO Keiichi, OOHASHI Junichi: Quality Improvement of Recycled Aggregate Concrete by Reduced-Pressure Production Method (Part 2 Durability of Concrete), Materials and con-struction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 1999, pp. 167-168, 1999

82) Mohd Warid Hussin, Toshiro Ishida: A Study on Basic Properties of Hardened Concrete Containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash as Partial Ce-ment Replacement Material, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 1999, pp. 179-180, 1999

83) YOKOMURO Takashi, YODA Akihiko: Study on utilization of ground granulated blast-furnace slag as additives for concrete (Part 23 Properties of Concrete Using Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag of Different Specific Surface Areas at the Same Replace-ment and Water-Binder Ratio), Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 1999, pp. 317-318, 1999

84) SHIMIZU Akiyuki: The study of property of NC and LC using Fly ash instead of the aggre-gate Part3 The long-term property 1, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 1999, pp. 469-470, 1999

85) HORIBE gen, IKENAGA hirotake, ISHI-GAMI shinobu: Study on Drying Shrinkage of Concrete with Admiztures, Materials and con-struction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 1999, pp. 747-748, 1999

86) IKENAGA hirotaka, HORIBE gen, ISHI-GAMI shinobu: Study on Drying Shrinkage of Concrete with Slag Aggregate, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 1999, pp. 749-750, 1999

87) NARA Yoshinori, KAKIZAKI Masayoshi, SAITO Takeshi, KAWANOBE Masanori, SUDO Emi: The Study About The Drying Shrinkage and The Carbonation of the light-weight high concrete, Materials and construc-tion, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 1999, pp. 751-752, 1999

88) IKENAGA hirotaka, HORIBE gen, ISHI-GAMI shinobu: Study on Drying Shrinkage of Concrete using Fly-Ash., Materials and con-struction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 1998, pp. 639-640, 1998

89) FUKUHARA yasuhiro, KIRIKI junko: Qual-ity of Recycled Aggregate Through Process-ing., Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural insti-tute of Japan, 1998, pp. 691-692, 1998

90) Tomohiro Mizutani, Masafumi Kikuchi, Ya-suhiro Dosho, Junji Akiba, Takehiro Miura, Takehiro Oba: Applicability of recycled ag-gregate concrete for structural Concrete. Part 4 Drying Shrinkage, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting ar-chitectural institute of Japan, 1998, pp. 735-736, 1998

91) MAKIT aketeru, SHIMOYAMA Yoshihide, EGAWA Hiroyuki: Research on Crack of Re-inforced Concrete Structures by Using Shrink-age Reducing Agent, Materials and construc-tion, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 1998, pp. 1085-1086, 1998

92) FUKAGAWA Masahiro, NAKAMURA Shi-geharu, MASUDA Yoshihiro, TESHIMA No-rio, OHKUBO Toshihiko, KONISHI Toshi-masa, ABE Michihiko: Experimental Study on High-Strength Concrete Using Classified Fly-Ash. Part 1 Mechanical Properties and Dura-bility, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural in-stitute of Japan, 1997, pp. 59-60, 1997

93) HORIBE gen, IKENAGA hirotake, ISHI-GAMI shinobu: Study on Shrinkage of High Fluidity Concrete with Blast-Furnace Slag., Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural insti-tute of Japan, 1997, pp. 89-90, 1997

94) YAMAMOTO Sumio, OHNO Yoshiteru, NAKAGAWA Takao, SUZUKI Kazuo: Influ-ence of Curing Water Content and Reinforce-ments on Shrinkage Cracking of Concrete, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural insti-tute of Japan, 1997, pp. 107-108, 1997

95) KAMIYA Makoto, KAKEGAWA Shunichi, KONDO Daisuke, KAWASE Kiyotaka: Study on Mixing Proportion of High-Fluidity Con-crete, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural in-stitute of Japan, 1997, pp. 207-208, 1997

96) OHTA kazuhiro, MASUDA yoshihiro, YA-SUDA masayuki, ARAGANE naoki: Experi-mental Study on Semi High-Flow Concrete. (Part 2 Properties of Concrete after Semi High-Superplasticizing), Materials and con-

struction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan,1997, pp. 221-222, 1997

97) MURAO Masatoshi: A Study on Reducing Shrinkage of Highly-flowable Concrete. (Part4 Properties of Crack-resistant Highly-flowable Concrete), Materials and construction, summa-ries of technical of annual meeting architec-tural institute of Japan, 1997, pp. 241-242, 1997

98) KASAMI Hideo,TOBORI Norio,NAGATA Yasue,HOSODA Takaaki,NYUTA Masafumi: Properties of Superplasticized Concrete Con-taining Recycled Aggregate. - Part2 Property of Superplasticized Concrete, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan,1997, pp. 249-250, 1997

99) ITATANI Toshiro, SHINOZAKI Tohru, YA-SOSHIMA Harunori, UMEMOTO Munehiro, OHNO Umeo, HIRAGA Tomoaki: Applica-tion of High-strength Concrete Using Low-heat Portland Cement To Practical Building (Part 1 Trial Mixing Tests), Materials and con-struction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 1997, pp. 303-304, 1997

100) AOYAMA Haruhiro, MORI Hiroshi, TOMI-TANI Junichi, ISHIGURO Kazuhiro, HO-SHINO Minoru, KANAI Kenichi: Experimen-tal study on placing of High-fluidity Concrete into Wall with Obstructions (Part 1 Mix pro-portion and properties), Materials and con-struction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 1997, pp.741-742, 1997

101) HOSONO Tomoyuki, KASAI Yoshio, KAGA Syuuji, ABE Michihiko, YANAGI Kei, FU-KUBE Satoshi: Behaviors of Recycled Aggre-gate Concrete with Concrete Sludge Cake, Materials and construction, summaries of technical of annual meeting architectural insti-tute of Japan, 1997, pp.1067-1068, 1997

102) SAKIYAMA Kazutaka, KASAI Yoshio, KA-GA Syuuji, FUKUBE Satoshi, YNAGI Kei: Influence of Storage Condition on Length Change of Recycled Aggregate Concrete, Ma-terials and construction, summaries of techni-cal of annual meeting architectural institute of Japan, 1997, pp. 1069-1070, 1997

103) Ken TABATA, Tsunehisa MATSUURA and Kazuyuki SUMI: A Study on Short Term Compressive Characteristics of High Strength Reinforced Concrete after Long Term Load-ing, Proceedings of the Japan Concrete Insti-tute, Vol.17, No.1, 1995, 599-602, 1995

104) Ken WATANABE, Kazuo YAMADA, Toshi-hiko YAMAMOTO and Takeru KOBAYA-SHI: Fundamental Study on Confinement Ef-

fect by Diagonal Steel Bar for Drying Shrinkage Crack of RC Wall, Proceedings of the Japan Concrete Institute, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 609-614, 1995

105) Shinobu OZAKI and Noriyuki SUGATA: Long-term Creep and Shrinkage Test of Con-crete, Proceedings of the Japan Concrete Insti-tute, Vol. 20, No. 2 , pp. 685-690, 1998

106) Hiroaki TSURUTA, Hiromichi MATSU-SHITA and Yoshio FUJIMOTO: Influences of Aggregate Crushing Value on Creep of High Strength Concrete, Proceedings of the Japan Concrete Institute, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 697-702, 1999

107) Kazumasa GOTO, Tsutomu KOMURO, Hiro-shi JINNAI and Ichizo KAWABATA: Proper-ties of Compressive Creep of High Strength Concrete, Proceedings of the Japan Concrete Institute, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 625-630, 2000

108) Shinichi TATSUKI, Mitsuaki OHBA, Yuko ISHIKAWA and Yuzuru HAMADA: Study on Drying Shrinkage and Creep of PC Slabs with Super Light-Weight Concrete, Proceedings of the Japan Concrete Institute, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 685-690, 2000

109) Noriyuki SUGATA, Takahiro TERASAWA: Effect of Silica Fume on Compressive Creep of High-Strength Concrete in Early Age, Pro-ceedings of the Japan Concrete Institute, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 425-430, 2003

110) SUMI Kazuyuki, KAWATA Akizumi, NA-KATI Tadaharu, TABATA Ken, MOMO-TANI Tomoki and SAWADA Yumiko: The Quality Control and Material Tests on the High-Strength Concrete with Design Strength of 80MPa Part 2:Creep and Shrinkage Tests, Summaries of technical papers of Annual Meeting Architectural Institute of Japan, Ma-terials and construction, pp. 603-604, 1995

111) HAGIHARA Shinji, MASUDA Yoshihiro, NAKAMURA Shigeharu UENISHI Takashi, KONO Masanori and OKIHASHI Takanori: Experiment on Compressive and Tensile Creep of High-Strength Concrete in Early Age, Summaries of technical papers of Annual Meeting Architectural Institute of Japan, Ma-terials and construction, pp. 629-630, 2000

112) KUKU Masatake, OOKUSHI Kouji: Artificial Super Lightweight Aggregate Structural Con-crete, Summaries of technical papers of An-nual Meeting Architectural Institute of Japan, Materials and construction, pp. 299-300, 2001

113) Junji NAKAMOTO, Kazuo TOGAWA and Manabu FUJII: A STUDY ON CREEP AND DRYING SHRINKAGE OF HIGH BLAST-FURNACE SLAG CONTENT CONCRETE, Cement Science and Concrete Technol-ogy,No.50, pp. 204-209, 1996

114) Toshiki AYANO and Kenji SAKATA: THE EFFECTS OF GRAVEL QUALITY ON CREEP AND SHRINKAGE OF CONCRETE, Cement Science and Concrete Technol-ogy,No.52, pp. 656-661, 1998

115) Takayuki KOJIMA, Nobuaki TAKAGI, Sato-shi HORIKAWA and Masumi INOUE: STUDY ON CREEP CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH-STRENGTH SILICA FUME CONCRETE, Cement Science and Concrete Technology, No. 54, pp. 354-361, 2000

116) Noriyuki SUGATA, Katsutoshi SATOH and Kentaroh KAMADA: EFFECT OF THER-MAL HISTORY AT EARLY AGE ON COMPRESSIVE CREEP OF HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE, Cement Science and Concrete Technology, No. 55, pp. 494-499, 2001

3.4 References for field data In order to establish the database of field data of creep and shrinkage, 52 references were used. The outline of references is as follows; 1) Sugawara M.: On-site Measurement of Creep of

Prestressed Concrete Girder, Journal of the Ja-pan Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 43, No. 8, pp.19-28, 1958

2) JSCE Subcommittee for Revision of PC Design and Construction Guideline: Measurement of Creep and Drying Shrinkage of Concrete of PC Bridges, Journal of Prestressed Concrete, Japan, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 42-50, 1961

3) Yokota M. and Kodera J.: Measurement of Creep and Drying Shrinkage of Prestressed Con-crete Girder, Cement and Concrete, No. 183, pp.2-9, 1962

4) Takebe T. and Takase T.: Creep and Drying Shrinkage of PC Girder by Carlson Strain Gage, Journal of Prestressed Concrete, Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 18-22, 1963

5) Kodera J., Yamamoto T. and Miyaguchi T.: Long-Term Strain Measurement of Yokogurosen PC Bridge Girder, Journal of Prestressed Con-crete, Japan, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 32-38, 1964

6) Kurihara T. and Yahiro Y.: On the Mearurement of Creep and Drying Shrinkage of Amakusa PC Bridge (Intermediate Report), Journal of Pre-stressed Concrete, Japan, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 1-4, 1969

7) Kokubu M., Goto Y., Ozaka Y., Okamura H. and Momoshima S.: Measurements of Creep and Shrinkage in Actual Prestressed Concrete Bridges, IABSE Symposium, Preliminary Publi-cation, pp. 19-26, 1970

8) Kubotsu Y., Mochizuki S. and Tanaka K.: On the Construction of Tedorigawa Bridge, Journal of Prestressed Concrete, Japan, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 38-45, 1972

9) Kobayashi S. and Okada T.: Field Measurement of Creep and Shrinkage of Concrete in PC struc-tures, Proceedings of the 18th Convention of the Japan PC Engineering Association, pp. 15-16, 1978

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A Proposal of Prediction Model for Concrete Creep, Journal of structural and construction en-gineering. Transactions of AIJ, pp. 9-16, 2005

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors wish to acknowledge the dedicated co-operation of the members of this WG, namely, T. Itou (Abe Nikko kogyo), K. Oosawa (Kawada), N. Ohara (Taisei), H. Tsuruta (Kansai Univ.), K. Nii-tani (Oriental Shiraishi), T. Noguchi (the Univ. of Tokyo), T. Mishima (Maeda), K. Suda (Kajima), K. Saito (Kajima), and M. Watanabe (Shimizu). Appre-ciation is also extended to Y. Taira (Mitsui Sumi-tomo), M. Suzuki (P.S. Mitsubishi), and T. Fujii (Okayama Univ.) for the kind cooperation to estab-lish the new database.

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