Danou - Portfolio

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... 01-04 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

... 05 CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION

... 06-07 URBAN DESIGN AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

... 08-09 DIPLOMA THESIS

... 10-11 FINE ARTS

... 12 GRAFIC DESIGN

... 13 FURNITURE DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION

... 14-17

... 18 DWELLINGS FOR TWO FAMILIES

... 19-21 ΑΑ SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE (MSc Sustainable Environmental Design)

>>> theatres and cultural spaces

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architectural design >>> theatres and cultural spaces 2004-5_project by: danou_kotsikou / supervisors : martinidis_tourptsoglou

ΑΝΝA - MELPOMENI DANOU

The project is a building combining two usages, the one of the theatre and the other of the department of dramatic studies of the school of fine arts of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The building plot was near Egnatia street and inside the University Campus. In the solution the theatre and the school have separate entrances, while the main idea is the atrium. From the one side of the site there is a stream, which can easily be used, and therefore this facade of the building is the most interesting, while there is the possibility of a communication between the atrium and the stream. The school on the one hand comprises one part, which includes the classes for the theoretical courses and the library, another one, which consists of the entrance, the offices and the bar, and a third part with the studios and the laboratories. The theatre on the other hand consists of two cubes one inside the other. The inner cube is the actual theatre and it has many possibilities of alteration off the seats and the stage.

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>>> theatres and cultural spaces2004-5_project by : danou_kotsikou / supervisors : matinidis_tourptsoglou

2nd LEVEL PLAN

ANNA - MELPOMENI DANOU

architectural design >>> theatres and cultural spaces 2004-5_project by: danou_kotsikou / supervisors : martinidis_tourptsoglou

ΑΝΝA - MELPOMENI DANOU


3rd LEVEL PLAN

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SECTION C-C

NORTHEAST ELEVATION FROM THE ATRIUM

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SOUTHWEST ELEVATION FROM THE ATRIUM

NORTHEAST ELEVATION FROM 3rd SEPTEMVRIOU STREET


architectural design >>> theatres and cultural spaces 2004-5_project by: danou_kotsikou / supervisors : martinidis_tourptsoglouΑΝΝΑ - ΜΕLPOMENI DANOU

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ARENA SCENE

TREE QUARTER SCENE

ITALIAN SCENE

BILATERAL SCENE

THEATRE PLAN

SECTION Β-Β

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THE THEATRE

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THREE DIMENSIONAL ASPECTS


architectural design >>> theatres and cultural spaces 2004-5_project by: danou_kotsikou / supervisors : martinidis_tourptsoglouΑΝΝΑ - ΜΕLPOMENI DANOU

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02>>> place, type and form


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architectural design

1. 2nd LEVEL PLAN 2. 3rd LEVEL PLAN

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ΑΝΝΑ - ΜΕLPOMENI DANOU

This is a project of a complex of three dwellings in a plot at the old town of Thessloniki.

The idea was based, first of all, in the usage of the great view of the town that the place offers as well as on the usage of the design of types of houses of traditional architecture at the area, in coombination with contemporary design.

For the form of the dwellings there was a loan of the form of “sachnisi” which is common in the area. The size of the dwellings is about 150 m2. The communication and circulation between them is achieved through the 4-level central courtyard. each dwelling differs from the other at the hight of a floor.

topografical plan

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>>> place, type and form 2004-5_project by: danou_kotsikou_charalampidis / supervisor : nomikos

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SECTION Α-Α SECTION Β-Β

NORTHWEST ELEVATION SOUTHWEST ELEVATION

>>> place, type and form2004-5_project by : danou_kotsikou_charalampidis / supervisor : nomikos


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MODEL’S ASPECTS

>>> place, type and form2004-5_project by : danou_kotsikou_charalampidis / supervisor : nomikos

architectural designΑΝΝΑ - ΜΕLPOMENI DANOU >>> place, type and form

2004-5_project by: danou_kotsikou_charalampidis / supervisor : nomikos

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03>>> small scale hotel unit as part of a spa complex

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>>> small scale hotel unit as part of a spa center 2003-4_project by : danou_gialama_kotsikou / supervisor: andoniou


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This is a project of a hotel unit consisting of 22 rooms a reception, a restaurant and a bar combined with the operation of the spa center. The whole synthesis in the proposal is turning around the lake that exists in the plot. The curving shape of the hotel unit is explained by the intention of equal view to the lake from all the rooms. Inside the site there is also a river which splits up the building into two parts the hotel and the spa center. The communication between the two parts is accomplished with a bridge that joins the two parts above the river. The spa cen-ter comprises an indoor and an outdoor swimming pool as well as of 8 atomic bathtubs, a bathhouse and a reception. The entrance in the spa is done either through the hotel, or through a separate entrance.

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1. SECTION Α- Α 2. NOTHWEST ELEVATION 3. SOUTHEAST ELEVATION 4. SECTION Β-Β 5. SECTION OF THE SPA COMPLEX 6. SOUTHWEST ELEVETION OF THE SPA COMPLEX

>>> small scale hotel unit as part of a spa complex2003-4_project by: danou_gialama_kotsikou / supervisor: andoniou

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architectural designΑΝΝΑ - ΜΕLPOMENI DANOU

7. SECTION C- C 8. SECTION OF THE RESTAURANT 9. NORTHEAST ELEVATION OF THE RESTAURANT 10. SECTION OF THE HOTEL’S RECEPTION


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ROOM’S SECTION _ original scale 1:20

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MODEL’S ASPECTS


architectural designΑΝΝΑ - ΜΕLPOMENI DANOU


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>>> environment and space - bioclimatic design

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1. FIRST IDEA’S SKETCHS 2. THE EXHIBITION HALL 3. SOLAR PROTECTION

>>> environmental and space - bioclimatic design 2002-3_project by: danou_kotsikou_tressou / supervisor: andreadaki

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This studio was assigned the design of an office building for the university in conjunction with an exhibition center and a congress hall.We place different uses in different volumes helping this way the visitor to conceive the space structure quickly. We play the gravity by actually placing the administration department on top of the exhibition hall and the congress hall. Regarding the main department namely the offices, we have two types offices for 3-4 persons and great integrated spaces for many people. We dis-tinguish the two types of spaces by placing the offices in the two higher volumes of our composition.In general, in our project we use mainly passive systems of sustainable design; since the Greek climate is ideal for an economical solution of the problem of thermal comfort, namely heat in the winter and coolness in the summer.Therefore we use the main staircase that joins the office volumes as a “chimney” for natural coolness, we also use Trombe and mass walls as well as planted roofs.

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>>> environmental and space - bioclimatic design 2002-3_project by: danou_kotsikou_tressou / supervisor : andreadaki

1. 1st LEVEL PLAN 2. 2nd -3rd LEVEL PLAN

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GENERAL: EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR ASPECTS BOTTOM LEFT IMAGE: GREEN ROOF’S DETAILED SKETCH

ΓΡΑΦΕΙΑ 3-4 ΑΤΟΜΩΝ


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For better sunning and natural light of the offices we create large southern glazing with opening parts in the upper and lower sides so as to facilitate the air circulation.The fact that the spaces are transversal allows the air to move towards any direction, thus securing good naturalventilation. By placing the storage and wet spaces in the north we have small openings for less thermal loss.

architectural design >>> environmental and space - bioclimatic design 2002-3_project by: danou_kotsikou_tressou / supervisor: andreadakiΑΝΝΑ - ΜΕLPOMENI DANOU

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MODEL’S ASPECTS

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05>>> conservation and restoration of monuments and complexes


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05>>> conservation and restoration of monuments and complexes 2003-4_project by: danou_kotsikou_charalampidis / supervisor: nomikos

conservation and restoration

VITALIANO POSELLI (1888-1968)

EXHIBITION HALL

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This project was divided in two stages. At the first stage that of the analysis of the State Odeum of Thessaloniki there was a team consisting of 20 students. In that stage student had to discover the connection between the building and the surrounding area, to seek for historical information, to do measured drawings, to find common typological and morphological characteris-tics, to note down ruined points of the build-ing and to learn from its structural form as well as to remark the different construction phases of it. The other stage was that of the proposal by giving a new use to the building.

The building was designed by Vitaliano Poselli in 1905, initially functioning as a bank, and went through five construction phases. The usage according to the proposal was the function of the building as the department of dramatic arts of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, because it could cover the needs of the department, which now does not have a proper building.

All the proposed changes for the restoration and the re-use of the building were done with respect to the initial intentions of the architect as well as according to the contemporary views for restoration.



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1. FIRST LEVEL PLAN 2. SECOND LEVEL PLAN S 3-6. ELEVETIONS CCW

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conservation and restoration

7. SECTION Α-Α 8. SECTION D-D

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05>>> conservation and restoration of monuments and complexes 2003-4_project by: danou_kotsikou_charalampidis / supervisor: nomikosΑΝΝΑ - ΜΕLPOMENI DANOU

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1. THREE DIMENSIONAL ASPECTS OF THE NEW ADDITION 2. MODEL’S ASPECTS 3. ODEUM’S PHOTOS

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06>>> landscape urban design open space design


This project concerns the district of Ano Toumba in Thessaloniki inside the urban tissue of the city and near the Polygnotos stream. It’s a district neighboring to two fronts along the axis Lambraki – Sheih- Sou across which the stream flows. It’s an unformed and degraded district with anintense unauthorized activity and consequent negative results. On the banks of the stream one can find transient constructions and hunts belonging to gipsy camps. The whole space is intensely polluted and its access is almost impossible because of the abrupt slopes in many points. The area is approximately 2 hectares. Our basic aim was the integration of the district in the urban tissue. That is why we used the guidelines of the existing building blocks at the same time creating small units where one can rest. The resting points are defined with stone which “dissolve” into the ground according to the slope.

Another aim was to give s strong character to the stream which will separate the two slopes (banks) and at the same time unite them.

There is a kind of cutting into pieces of the total given area-the distinct parks are points of decentralization of the city. The connection with the natural landscape is direct.Thus a net of smaller park is created.

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06>>> landscape urban design open space design 2005-6_project by: danou_charalampidis / supervisors: ananiadou_karakinari_tratsela

1. PHOTOS 2. SKETCHS BY VISITING THE SITE-FIRST IDEAS

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urban design and landscape architectureΑΝΝΑ - ΜΕLPOMENI DANOU


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SITE PLAN

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06>>> landscape urban design open space design 2005-6_project by: danou_charalampidis / supervisors: ananiadou_karakinari_tratselaΑΝΝΑ - ΜΕLPOMENI DANOU

urban design and landscape architecture

1. SECTION Α-Α 2. SECTION Β-Β 3. SECTION C-C

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We created a social meeting spot, placing arefreshment point in the center of the project district. In the front of the school we placed big platforms into the stream. Our aim was to bring children nearer to nature. To this end we create a closed space underneath the schoolyard for easier access. This makes it possible for children to play even when it rains.

Pedestrian motion in relation to the landscape takes two forms: organized and free. In the first case the visitor moves on constructed desks, either for his entrance to the natural designed space or during his walk along the stream. In the other case (free), ones movement allows the discovery of the space and a dialogue of the visitor with the nature without any restriction. Although the relationship of green and built spaces is direct, we have designed routes which allow not only an easy access to the water but to the opposite front as well, for everybody. For the con-structed desks we have chosen hard and medium materials.

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Ά view of a designed rest place. The layout offers a view of the central park. -man in an “embracement” -motion behind the rest place…


06>>> landscape urban design open space design 2005-6_project by: danou_charalampidis / supervisors: ananiadou_karakinari_tratselaΑΝΝΑ - ΜΕLPOMENI DANOU


View of a designed rest place -sitting spaces in front of flower-beds -the “boundaries” created provide isolation from the routes…

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MODEL’S ASPECTS

07>>> urban design: negotiating urban boundaries


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07>>> urban design: negotiating urban boundaries 2005-6_project by: danou_gialama_kotsikou / supervisor: athanasiou

This is a project of urban design in a very special area at the edge of the city centre of Thessaloniki. The area concentrates diverse elements sometimes incompatible. First of all, it is inhabited by many different people; Greek people, Chinese immigrants,Gypsies etc. and of course the pro-posal should cover all the different needs emerging from the different cultures. Furthermore, there are many different kinds of trade from local trade to international in the new building of ‘Carrefour’. Another very important element for the area was the south edge namely the new highway, which in our project was partly turned underground and was connected with the underwater highway that will be created in the sea border of Thes-saloniki. In the area new pedestrian zones and residential areas were created.


NEGOTIATING AREA



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περιοχή κατοικιών η αγορά

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FOCUS 1The market and the residential area

In this area the basic synthetic concept was the integration of free spaces, public and private. The guiding lines are a result of connecting points which were created by the facades of forming the building spaces of movement, spaces for pause as well as separating of different uses and materials.The market is situated in an existing building and its role is of double significance; during the daytime there are shops on the inside while there is also an outdoor activity.As far as the residential area is concerned it is consisted of blocks of flats of four floors of maximum height, which, combined with the proper distances between the buildings permits the ventilation and lighting of all the floors. Finally, in order to assure the safe movement of pedestrians in the residential area, the type of road preferred is the woonerf, which restricts the speed of vehicles at 15Km/h.

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These are the proposed interventions for the first focus area, which is the closest to the city. Therefore the density of the buildings was at a high level creating the need for open public spaces. In order to upgrade the conditions of living at this area, the creation of a square and of a pedestrian zone, at the road were the Chinese market was developed, were designed. The method of design was the same as it was at the residential area with points corresponding at the facades. Finally on the square some buildings were rehabilitated and others were designed in order to take in public uses like a market, a medical centre and a cultural centre.

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5. THE ESOPOU REGION WITH THE NEW SQURE-PLAN 6. TRACINGS AFTER 90o INCLINATION OF THE ELEVATIONS 7. THREE DIMENSIONAL ASPECT

07>>> urban design: negotiating urban boundaries 2005-6_project by : danou_gialama_kotsikou / academic responsible : athanasiou

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1. SQUARE PLAN 2. SQUARE SECTION

The square concentrates multiple uses, routes for walking and cycling as well as spaces for re-laxation, trade, skating, playing and spaces with water. The role of the square is that of an urban square with materials and uses corresponding at this use. The same system of design was used for the square as well with two basic axes, the one the pedestrian zone and the other a diagonal route through the square. An existing building was rehabilitated as a local market, possibly of Chinese trade, and an underground parking was created.

08>>> industrial archaeology - the mines

07>>> urban design: negotiating urban boundaries 2005-6_project by : danou_gialama_kotsikou / academic responsible : athanasiou

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08>>> industrial archaeology - the mines 2005-6_project by: danou_kotsikou / supervisor: palivou

dissertation

..............................the five examples..............................

The aim of this thesis was to research the ways in which to approach disused mines. The matter of the management of abandoned mines is a subject of interest of the interdisciplinary sector of industrial archaeology.Firstly, we must understand a) the goals that must be set during the management of mines, b) the means of maintenance and enhancement of mines and c) the reasons for introducing a new use for their premises.In order to achieve this, we felt it was important to understand firstly the context of such an activity, by studying the meaning and content of industrial archaeology and industrial heritage, analysing the term technical monuments, examining the management in the context of industrial archaeol-ogy and, finally, researching the mode of action with regards to technical monuments and specifically the preservation of industrial heritage in museums. Thereafter, it is considered worthwhile to determine the terms mine, ore mine and quarry and particularly the meanings of extraction, metallurgy and metal-working. In addition, we examined what happens to disused mines, and we analysed the possibility of restoration of the landscape.During the next stage, we studied and analysed certain examples of parks that include preserved mines, in Europe as well as in Greece, with the aim to approach a methodology and the research of contemporary trends in tackling such a matter. The examples from Europe are the ecomuseum Le Creusot in France, the Emscher Landscape Park in Germany and the Geo-mining, Historical and Environmental park in Sardinia, Italy. With regards to Greece, the examples we analysed were the case of the National Metsovio Polytechnic’s project of the Technological Cultural Park of Lavrio (TCPL), which has been partially realised and the case of the existing and functioning Mining Park of Fokida-Vagoneto.

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TOP PHOTO: THE LOGO OF THE ECOMUSEUM CREUSOT-MONTCEAU BOTTOM PHOTO: EXHIBITS OF CREUSOT-MONCEAU

THE ZOLLVEREIN, TREE DIMENSIONAL ASPECTAND PHOTOS

THE HISTORICAL GEO-MINING PARK OF

SARDINIA

The five parks that were examined are significantly different between them with regards to type and use, with the only common point being the fact that they are related to restoration of mines. The TCPL constitutes a Technological-cultural park, which will include uses in two directions: firstly, uses as a museum, exhibition and educational centre related to industrial heritage and secondly, uses as a contem-porary laboratory and research centre. Vagoneto constitutes a Mining park, and includes uses as a museum of mining activity in Fokida. With regards to Creusot, it is a ecomuseum , which combines uses as a museum, regarding as much its industrial as its agricultural history and present the whole heritage of the area, as well as uses as a research and educational centre. Emscher Park, on the other hand, constitutes a landscape park, in other words is an effort of architectural and civil engineering plan-ning, which in the restored buildings includes mainly recreational, museum, cultural, sports, educational, trading, service provision uses, whilst the newly-con-structed premises serve as residences, workplaces and trading areas. Finally, the Sardinia’s park in the first Geo-mining, Historical and Environmental park worldwide with functions as a museum presenting the geomorphology, flora, fauna, archaeology, and mining history of the area in combination with educational, research and technology uses. We conclude that we can distinguished a variety of the types of parks that manage the premises of disused mines, since the five examples that we examined constitute different types of parks, which host different functions, with the dominant common use being that of a museum.An important factor in planning in most of the ex-amples was the environmental regulations. At TCPL, sanitation of the dams by removal of sulphuric waste took place, whilst reforestation and the “environmental umbrella” project are being planned. In Vagoneto, the company S&B is making concerted efforts in landscape restoration, taking into account the land’s previous uses.

At Emscher Park, ecology was a planning principle as well as an organizational nucleus with the cleaning of the river Emscher, the deindustrialisation of the land-scape and the restoration of nature, whilst energy-saving by means of solar technology played an important role. In Sardinia’s park waste pollution, the stability of underground excavations and the pres-ervation of the ground are given particular attention. Despite the lack of data on Creusot, we believe it is possible that similar actions have been realized since environmental controls are necessary in the planning of parks in areas where the environment has been damaged due to industrial activity.We note that the parks we examined have two scales: the scale of size and scale of design. The area of each park defines the scale of size. The area of the parks is as follows:Emscher Park: 457 km2

Sardinia’s Park: 3769 km2

TCPL: 0.25 km2

No details were found for the other two parks but it is clear that the five examples have great variation between them with regards to scale of size.

We can see various categories in the scale of design: the spatial, civil planning, urban, architectural and landscape architecture design. Emscher Park, which traverses 20 cities, belongs to the area of spatial. Of course, the design of this park also relates partly to civil planning, urban and architectural and landscape architecture design. TCPL and Creusot, which includes 16 communities, belong to the level of urban design. In Sardinia’s park there is evidence of architectural design and landscape architecture design despite its large area. Finally, the mining park of Fokida belongs to the category of architectural design. Therefore, we conclude that the scale of design also differs significantly and, in the five examples, ranges from the design at the level of an area to the design of an entire district.

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ΑΝΝΑ - ΜΕLPOMENI DANOU 08>>> industrial archaeology - the mines 2005-6_project by: danou_kotsikou / supervisor: palivou

dissertation

With regards to the institution that was responsible for the initiative, timing and proclamation of the premises as part of the cultural heritage, we note several cases. Regarding the institutions responsible for the initiative, the Council of Lavrio, the National Metsovio Poly-technic and the Labour Centre were responsible for TCPL, following the concession of the premises by the Ministry of Culture and the project took place between 1994 and 1997. In Vagoneto, the institution responsible for the initiative was the company S&B, which, following an idea by the miners, began constructing the park in 1998; it became functional in 2003. In the case of Creusot, Communaute was creat-ed following the coalition of 16 industrial and farming communities, which in 1973 founded the ecomuseum with the help of the local population, organisations, companies and researchers. In Emscher Park, in 1989, following the proposal of the Land of North-Rhine Westphalia federation, the International Construction Exhibition-Park Emscher was created, in the context of which the realisation of its projects began. Sardinia’s park was founded by the Independent District of Sardinia and the Mining authority Sardo (Regione Autonoma della Sardegna e l’Ente Minerario Sardo), with the support of UNESCO, in 1998. We conclude that in all the examples, with the exception of Vagoneto, state institutions play an active role. In addition, the active presence of the local population in the creation of the parks is noteworthy. We also note that the creation of the parks began primarily in the 90s, following the end of the industrial era. With regards to proclamation as cultural monu-ments, in the case of TCPL, the Ministry of Culture proclaimed the premises as a monument in their entirety in 1992, whilst Sardinia’s park was heritage listed by UNESCO in 1998. We do not have any data regarding the proclamation of the remaining three examples in their entirety, however we believe it is likely that Vagoneto has not been heritage listed since no state institution is involved, whilst in the case of Emscher Park we only have information regarding the heritage listing of isolated areas, such as Zollverein, which was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2001. In general, the heritage listing is considered a necessary prerequisite in order for maintenance and preservation works to commence, unless the works are undertaken by a private institution.

We will also drive conclusions from the comparative examination of the following characteristics of the parks: the integration of the parks in the surrounding environment, the ease of access for their visitors as well as the parks’ management and viability.

TCPL is accessible from the Athinon-Lavriou Avenue and is in an area that is integrated in an incentive zone, which is very dynamic due to its new constructions, such as the International Airport of Spata, the New Port under construction, the large highway of Elefsina–Stavros –Lavrio and the Suburban Railway of Gerakas–Lavrio. Thus, it constitutes an ideal location for attracting activities related to contemporary technology. Of course, in the case of TCPL it is impossible to discuss management, visitors and viability since the park has only been operational for a short time and we do not have adequate data.

Vagoneto is also easily accessible from the National Highway of Lamia-Amfissa and is integrated in an area dotted with archaeological monuments, museums and archaeological spaces, half an hour from Delphi. Besides the local population, school groups also visit Vagoneto, while the private company Sun Hellas has taken over its management for the next 18 years and its viability is based mainly on its educational activities. Creusot is also located in an area of rich heritage and historical monuments and is visited by researchers, academics, local and regional population and tourists. It is managed by Com-munaute and functions both as a museum and as a research centre with particular success. Emscher Park is an area easily accessible by both the road and rail network as much for the local as for the beyond the local population. The park is managed by various companies, which have undertaken part of its restoration. Overall, it functions successfully and to date has succeeded the aim of uniting the 17 cities with the introduction of culture and art in its industrial monuments. In Sardinia’s park, access is feasible by road from Cagliari to Iglesias while there is also the possibility of access by sea. Its visitors are mainly organised tour groups or school groups. The company IGEA Spa has undertaken the park’s management but it is probably too early to judge its viability.

We therefore conclude that access to Emscher Park, Creusot and TCPL as well as Vagoneto is easy, while access to visitors is a bit more difficult in the case of Sardinia’s park, where visiting certain buildings re-quires prior notification of the company. Furthermore, we conclude that the majority of visitors are school pupils, researchers and the local population. Finally, the parks of Sardinia, Fokida and TCPL have only been operation for a short period of time, therefore it is difficult to judge their management and viability. With regards to Creusot, we believe that its successful management and viability is based on its operation and activity as a research centre and its contribution in the interdisciplinary sector of industrial archaeology. Emscher Park, on the other hand, aimed at changing the structure of the disused industrial land, improve the living conditions in the area with regards to the environment and to provide incentives to social and cultural institutions. This aim was achieved in most areas, securing the viability of the park.

MODEL OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL CULTURAL PARK OF LAVRIO


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Next, we will attempt to make a comparative approach to these examples on a common scale, specifically at the level of the mining museums that operate within these parks. That is, we will compare the mining museum of Vagoneto (which in essence is the park itself), the mining museum of Blanzy at Creusot, the Zollverein Museum at Emscher Park and the Museum of mining technology, the Museum of metal-making and ores and the Museum of mining life (scale repro-ductions, models, etc…) at Sardinia’s park, with the aim of extracting some conclusions with regards to their premises, exhibits, management and operation.In the mining museums of Vagoneto and Blanzy, as well as the museums of Sardinia, we notice that the premises that were included in the restoration project were the administrative building and galleries, whilst exhibitions of machinery were also created.The administrative buildings of the mines are restored and used as museum-exhibition centres. In this case there are exhibits with historical, geological and topo-geographical content (Vagoneto) or exhibits the pres-ent the living and working conditions, such as models and geological sections (Blanzy) and additionally may include a screening room and shop (Blanzy). In another case, it functions as an educational centre (Sardinia – Bellavista palace).The galleries are supported appropriately and equipped with ventilation systems so that they can be visited. They are visited either on foot (Blanzy, Henry galleries, Villamarina and Anglosarda in Sardinia) or by … (as in Vagoneto) and the working conditions are presented there with wax models (Vagoneto) or the evolution of the techniques and the various excavation machinery (Blanzy).

The machinery exhibitions are either outdoors or in the machinery rooms of the mines. In Vagoneto, there is an outdoor exhibition, in Sardinia the pressure pump room (Compressori) has been restored and there is also the museum of mining machinery with over 70 items of machinery, whilst at Blanzy there is an outdoor exhibition of machinery and the machinery room has been restored. In the outdoor exhibitions of Vagoneto there are trolleys and the mines’ steam en-gines as well as machinery for underground ore min-ing, which are now exhibited by presenting their short history with a representative photo of their operation, while at Blanzy the outdoor exhibitions include the presentation of the activities in an extraction well with the “roll and fall system” of trolleys. The Compressori room in Sardinia has retained its original infrastruc-ture, which consists of five pressure pumps internally and two air compression tanks externally, and now operates as a conference room, while at Blanzy the machinery rooms have been restored and house the steam extraction machinery, the emptying pumps, the motors and an electrical Gramme machine from 1885.A different direction has been taken to the restoration, management and operation of Zollverein Museum compared to the mining museums of the previous examples. The ground floor buildings of the mine have been restored and “course of coal” has been organised. However, the guided tour program does not include topics related to mining only but also re-lated to architecture and photography. The museums of Zollverein, Blanzy and Vagoneto also organised educational programs.

In the context of the reality in Greece, based on the information that we presented, we conclude that TCPL represents an effort to create a park that is equivalent to those of European standards but with a different direction. However, the fact remains that a large-scale park related to industrial heritage has yet to be realized in Greece. Taking into account Europe’s examples and the success of their operation through their management, we can speculate that, given today’s means such an effort would have a similar response. Of course, we should not overlook the dif-ference in culture and scale of our country; however we believe that with appropriate management, similar results can be achieved. We must also stress that the preservation of important industrial sites of Greece and their rejuvenation through introduction of new uses are necessary. Finally, at the level of mining museums, though not at the level of mining parks, we believe that the Mining Museum o Fokida-Vagoneto is equivalent to the European examples with all the relevant installations.

AEROPHOTOGRAPH FROM THE FOKIDA’S MINING PARK (hellenic military geographical service, ΑTHENS 16-06-06)


09>>> mining museum at mega livadi on the island of serifos, greece


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09>>> mining museum at mega livadi on the island of serifos, greece 2005-6_project by : danou_kotsikou / supervisor : nomikos

INTODUCTION

The project site is situated at Mega Livadi in Serifos, where intense mining activity developed from 1861 till 1963. The Mega Livadi valley extends from a length of about 1,2 km in a NE-SW direction and ends up in the homonymous bay. The first and most important instal-lation of the island’s mines was created in this bay.The mining complex of Mega Livadi occupied almost the whole bay seashore and valley. The main housing settlement was built on the even land at the back of the bay while the mining installations deployed on the rather steep slopes around it.The housing settlement is sparsely built and it resembles an agricultural assemblage rather than an organized housing complex.On August 21, 1916 a general strike of the miners was launched demanding an 8-hour working day; 8 of them were killed.In 1983 the Ministry of Culture declared the adminis-tration building, together with movable items belong-ing to it, a work of art and the housing settlement was declared a historical site .This diploma project proposed the creation of a min-ing museum, which includes both the mining zone and the administration building. In fact it is proposed, first, the conservation, rehabilitation and re-use of the administration building, designed to become the administrative core of the museum, and, secondly, the conservation of the installations and putting them in the limelight, as well as the creation of new construc-tions in the mining zone.

1. Κ. SPERAS - EMILIOS GROMMAN - MINERS -EARLY 20th CENTURY 2. MAPS

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A.The Administration Building

The administration Building lies at the NE end of the shore in the Mega Livadi bay where, due to its form and size, it dominates the other buildings of the settlement. It is an imposing long building with a rectangular plan and obvious influences from the villa architecture of the end of the 19th century.The first phase was an analysis of the building ac-cording to the following parameters:1.The relationship of the building to the environment.2.The historical analysis of the building.3.The architectural analysis of the building.4.The evaluation of the architectural elements of the building.The next phase was designing the proposed re-use.

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Re-use

The proposal is re-using the administration building as a part of the mining museum. According to our research dissertation “Industrial Archaeology: The Mines” which preceded our final thesis and dealt with five examples of mining parks in Greece and Europe, in mining museums, administration building of the mines are usually re-used to meet either museum functions-by providing space for exhibitions- or research uses, functioning as a congress spaces or educational uses, functioning as university departments. In the case of Serifos Mines administration building the internal communication of the two levels is pre-served.On the first floor, the four front spaces are proposed to be used as exhibition spaces for exhibits referring to the mining history of the Cyclades, the history of the miners’ lives and the Strike.The light partitions in the front part of the building will be preserved, except for two, since it was judged that spaces created are of size suitable to accommodate the museum items. Moreover, the central space openings create a unified route during one’s visit of the museum, since the transition from one space to the other takes place directly and not through a corridor. In the large hall in the SW part, a representation of the manager’s house is proposed and the use of this space as an exhibition space of the furniture and other mobile pars of the building. In the back area a rest space is created and a reception space for visitors coming through the eastern entrance. The central space in the back of the building is proposed to function as an extension of the central corridor, leading to the new staircase connecting the first floor to the ground floor, placed on the central axis of the symmetry. Two rest spaces are created diametrically opposite the corridor where two new partitions are designed on the traces of the old walls on the ground floor, the museumadministration offices are located as well as: the rest rooms, two storerooms, two spaces for children and rest spaces, one of them in the space connecting the projection hall with the old building and the other one semi-open air in the southern corner of the building.

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The two additions

According to the rehabilitation and re-use design of the building it was judged feasible to design two additions to the building for typological, aesthetic (morphologically) and functional reasons.

1.The addition at the NE side of the building.This addition functions as an auxiliary entrance space and as a rest space. On this spot, a lift is placed for the vertical communication of visitors, a place that was judged as a minimum inconvenience for the existing building. In designing this addition, the horizontal elements of the facade were taken into account as well as the vertical zone of the pre-existing openings. Furthermore, in the plan, the limits of the old additions are preserved so that the building’s different historical phases are visible.The construction design of this addition is of wood and metal. For the sun-protection of the rest space on the first floor level, a horizontal canopy and vertical louvers are designed, since the orientation is SE.

2.The addition at the NW side of the building.The Municipality of Serifos has already assigned the creation of a film on the history of the island. There will be an audiovisual representation of the facts of the strike on August 21, 1916. The projection of the film will be an important part of the exhibition. Consequently, the need for an amphitheatric projecting hall, which also functions as a congress hall, is obvious.This addition:Typologically accentuates the basic axis of symmetry of the building; aesthetically (morphologically), the new part is distinguished from the old by the use of modern materials. The addition is well integrated to the old building, since the roof’s slope coincides with that of the old roof as an extension of it; functionally, this addition is considered necessary since it provides a vital space for the building’s new function.

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B.The mining zone

The greatest part of the mining transport and storing installations is situated at the SE side of the bay. The mining installations of the south side extend for a length of 600 m across a rocky shore, from the entrance of the housing settlement as far as the Almiros location. It occupies a zone of approximately 30000 m² divided in three levels. The mining installations’ construction started at 1869 and ended approximately in 1885. A few additions were constructed during the first two decades of the 20th century . The basic use proposed is an open-air mining museum, where the mining process as well as the history of the site will be demonstrated. In the mining zone, light constructions of wood and metal at various spots are proposed.In fact, a route is created which connects the rehabilitated installations and makes the Calogeros Mining Gallery, which lies on the second level, accessible. On the first level (+8.00 m) an exhibition in mining machinery is designed and on the Loading Platform an exhibition of minerals is placed on the Toumbatoria location.On the second level (+20.00 m) an open-air theater and three observation spots are designed, while on the third level (+27.00 m) a refreshment area is combined with a belvedere.

1. SITE PLAN OF THE MINING ZONE2. SKETCHS-THE EVOLUTION OF THE IDEA AS REGARDS THE TRACING OF FLOOR FINISH-ING

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09>>> video and film representation of space 2005_danou / supervisor : chatzigogas

>>>poison man pixeldance festival 2006

>>>two different aspects of the same coin ..................................one space with different kind of users during a day........................child - grown-up................................................can they

really find themselves ?<<< Χ

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fine arts

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10>>> fine arts 2006_δάνου / υπεύθυνος καθηγητής : ξόνογλου

>>>META

>>>one construction made by wood, nails, coloured threads.................................a way to find-seek different aspects through in it ........................

the designing part................................................11 different sketchs...............

the destruction of the model on a video...................................

what’s left?

a record of imagination<<< Χ

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12>>> graphic design

LAGFF 2009 : www.lagreekfilmfestival.org

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12>>> graphic design 2009_δάνου /δάνου

This poster is about the succeeded Los Angeles Greek Film Festival, the second annual, which is going to take place in L.A., on 25th-28th of June 2009. Its dimensions are 11x17in (27,94x43, 18cm). Frames from the participations of the first L.A.G.F.F. are used for this poster. It will also be printed as a postcard 4,5x6in (11,43x15,24cm)

13>>> furniture design and construction

It is a living room table with basic dimensions 105x56x47cm, a combination of plywood and Swedish wood. For its construction were used the followings machines and equipment: jigsaw, router, electrical screwdriver, scrapers, sand papers and 8 screws.

thanks to Elli Georgiadou for the wood and the equipment

furniture design & construction 13>>> living room table

2007_design & construction: danou

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13>>> living room table 2007_design & construction: danou

CONSTUCTION TIME: 6 HOURSASSEMBLE-DISASSEMBLE TIME: 5-10 MINUTES

13>>> living room table 2007_design & construction: danou

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furniture design & construction 13>>> living room table

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14-17>>>

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14>>> office building complex in Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece

AEROPHOTOGRAPHS (http://maps.live.com)

THREE DIMENSIONAL ASPECT 0F BASEMENT (danou)

THREE DIMENSIONAL ASPECT 0F GROUND FLOOR (danou)

THREE DIMENSIONAL ASPECT 0F FIRST FLOOR-LOFT (danou)

SKETCH - DIVISION OF BUILDING

13>>> τραπέζι σαλονιού 2007_σχεδιασμός-κατασκευή: δάνου

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14>>>office building complex in Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece9/2007-10/2007_project manager: tourpalis

group of architects: danou_karakostas_mastaga_brozou ch._filippou

The site on which the office complex belonging to three companies is erected-among them the new offices of METE-SYSM S.A.-, belongs to the Thermi Municipality and specifically to the region destined for the extension of the Thermi neighbourhood. This building complex consists of three floors and a mezzanine floor with a total area of 3500 m2. A basic characteristic of this complex is its atrium, which is accessible from the basement thus creating a second south elevation of the building.Our aim during the design process and the construc-tion was energy saving through passive and active systems. More precisely, location in the site, horizon-tal firm louvers in the southern elevation as well as the vertical moveable louvers in the eastern and southern elevations (with an automatic tracing of the sun movement) are some of our design principles for this complex. As far as the mild active systems are con-cerned (which aim at minimizing the energy consump-tion during winter and summer) we used geothermic energy and photovoltaic panels. For the geothermal gains a drilling 180 m deep was constructed with a pumping potential of 35-60 m3/h on a constant basis. The results were positive since the water temperature was measured at 20-210 C. For the photovoltaic panels, on the other hand, a gain of 23000 KWh per year was calculated.

SEEKING FOR A SOUTH ELEVATION

SECTIONS_TOP DRAWING Τ1-Τ1_BOTTOM DRAWING

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

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14>>> office building complex in Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece9/2007-10/2007_project manager: tourpalis

THREE DIMENSIONAL ASPECTS(filippou)_graphics(danou)



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14>>>office building complex in Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece9/2007-10/2007_project manager: tourpalis

group of architects: danou_karakostas_mastaga_brozou ch._filippou

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15>>> office building on 26th october street in Thessaloniki

AEROPHOTOGRAPHS (http://maps.live.com)

VOLUMETRIC DIAGRAM


15>>> office building on 26th october street in Thessaloniki10/2007-12/2007_project manager: prassa

GENERAL

The site lies in the western region of Thessaloniki, near the entrance of the harbour, between October 26th, Minotaurus and N. Ouranou streets, opposite the 6th dock of the harbour and “ Porto Palace”hotel. The shape of the site is rectangular with an area of 3.473m2. It is an office complex, which consists of three six-stored buildings with two basements in each (120 place parking space).

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group of architects: voulgaridou_gerliotou_danou

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voulgaridou_gerliotou_danou

TYPOLOGY

The first building lies on October 26th str, (Building 1). Its dimensions are 37,50m/27,15m/24,15m and its composes the main body of the complex, as it includes the main office spaces (administration, reception etc.).The building on N. Ouranou str. (Building 3) of dimensions 24,20 by 23,00m, includes supportive office spaces (computer, archives, accountancy office etc.). In between the two above buildings (1 & 3) lies building 2 of dimensions 27,00 by 11,75m, which includes a large multipurpose room occupying the height of two storey, smaller rooms for meetings, while the ground floor functions as a resting space with a cafeteria and spaces for the attendance of clients.The buildings are connected to each other on all levels with closed and open bridges, while each building connects directly to the parking spaces in the basement through the main staircases and the elevators.The entrance to the building is either from October 26th street through the central building 2 and the inner open-area space on the ground floor level.The circulation between buildings 1 and 2 takes place around two atriums (one in each building) which contribute to better natural lighting and ventilation of the buildings, while at the same time creating interesting inner elevations and views. On the ground floor level the atriums are designed as gardens extended outside the buildings creating thus spaces for communication and recreation of employees and visitors.In the side adjacent to the neighouring site, which is blind, there are auxiliary spaces (wc, stores, archives etc.), as well as fire-protected staircases and elevators of the buildings.

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15>>>office building on 26th october street in Thessaloniki10/2007-12/2007_project manager: prassa

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SECTION

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MORPHOLOGY

The district in which the complex was erected, near the harbour, its SW orientation, as well as our desire to save energy through sustainable design has led us to the creation of a second “shell” in front of the two facades of the building.In particular a metal net is created on a 7,5x7,5 m grid with metal inox supports at every 2,5 m over the balconies of the building. This construction covers the two facades, South and West, of Building 1 and the South of Building 3 from the first floor and through the whole height of the buildings.The rest of the building facades as well as the facades of Building 2, consist of glazings protected, whenever necessary, from the sunshine with modern systems of louvers and canopies.Wood and metal are the basic morphologicalmaterials of the complex.An intense morphological element is also the design of the arcade in the October 26th street. side, which is also coated with wood and emphasized the basis of Building 1 and the entrance in it. The above-mentioned metal net was selected so as to provide sunshine protection, without obstructing the view, while its texture and light image give the building a bold character.

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15>>> office building on 26th october street in Thessaloniki10/2007-12/2007_project manager: prassa

group of architects: voulgaridou_gerliotou_danou

ΜΕΤΕ [ ] SYSM

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16>>> installation of a production unit of ready, dried mortar Intermix in Neochorouda, Thessaloniki district


16>>> installation of a production unit of ready, dried mortar Intermix in Neochorouda, Thessaloniki district2/2008-6/2008_project manager: avdis

group of architects: avramidou_voulgaridou_danou_thomaidis_tzabazi_tsagaris

The site in which initially stood the complex of the company “ Foundry-Machine making VAKOS Ltd” has an area of 26124,60m2.On this site a new complex will be erected for the production of readymade plasters, belonging to INERMIX-TITAN CEMENT S.A. with a total area of 7977,15 m2. The complex consists of 5 buildings arranged so as to form an itergrated whole with three unequal wings in connection.In particular the western wing, the ex-foundry and its extension, is a one-storey ground floor construction, about 7 m high with an inclined roof and a reinforced concrete structure. The eastern wing is also 7m high and with a similar structure. Its southern part- where the dressing and dining spaces where provided in the old building- is two storey with the first floor at + 4.00m.The central wing, former storeroom, is a closed space, covered with an inclined roof with a steel structure composed of beams, which are covered by sheet-iron and asbestos-cement plates. In the north-ern elevation of the wing there is a small two-storey office building of a reinforced concrete structure and an area of aprox. 128m2.

The project consists of two units:1.The first one is related the adjustment, the arrangement, the modification and rehabilitation of the existing premises, so that they can be incorporated in the new complex and cover some of the functions of the project.2.The second includes all the new construction and premises stated by the program of the whole com-plex, regarding mainly sheltering, supporting, protecting and functioning of the production facilities.The new constructions sheltering the line of produc-tion are deployed in the northeastern side of the site, where there is free space enough for a linear deployment and they are connected with the western wing of the existing premises.

SITE PLAN

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THE NEW DEPARTMENT OF PRODUCTION

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avramidou_voulgaridou_danou_thomaidis_tzabazi_tsagaris

16>>> installation of a production unit of ready, dried mortar Intermix in Neochorouda, Thessaloniki district 2/2008-6/2008_project manager: avdis

NORTHWEST ELEVATION

NORTHEAST ELEVATION


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16>>> installation of a production unit of ready, dried mortar Intermix in Neochorouda, Thessaloniki district2/2008-6/2008_project manager: avdis


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16>>> installation of a production unit of ready, dried mortar Intermix in Neochorouda, Thessaloniki district 2/2008-6/2008_project manager: avdis

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17>>> 25th MARCH HEALTH SERVICES BUILDING IN THESSALONIKI

VILLA MORDOH

25th march health services building

WEST ASPECT


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17>>> 25th march health services building in thessaloniki6/2008-3/2009_project manager: αvdis

The site of IKA 25th Martiou Health Facilities is located at the 25th Martiou and Kimonos Voga streets junction, in the eastern district of Thessaloniki. The project is adjacent to a listed building of special value “Villa Mordoh”, where the Municipal Gallery is housed.

The total area of the building is 12.305 m2 and our aim and challenge was to place the voluminous building into the monument’s area, without altering the place’s historical and aesthetic identity. The concept idea is the creation of two oblong volumes following the East-West axis.

According to the building schedule, three health facilities units are going to be housed in the new buildings, the local health unit, the preventive medicine, the diagnostic centre and the labour medicine of Thessaloniki.

ΜΕΤΕ [ ] SYSM

group of architects: voulgaridou_danou_mantsiou_brozou k._tsagaris_tzabazi_filippou

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

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5th FLOOR PLAN

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17>>> 25th march health services building in thessaloniki 6/2008-3/2009_project manager: avdis

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SECTION


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17>>> 25th march health services building in thessaloniki6/2008-3/2009_project manager: αvdis


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18>>> dwellings for two families, athens

NIKOLAS AND THEODORE PALLIS RESIDENCES IN VOULA

These are two-storey houses (A+B) adjacent to one another but with a considerable level of difference (3,80 m). This different was a result of the need to minimize excavations in a very difficult site that is with an inclination of 37% at both directions. This site lies a little lower from the top of Panorama Hill, at Voula.

Our functional aims where, first, to exploit the excellent view, both of Saronikos bay and the hill opposite the site and, second, to foresee for an easy extension of the inner space of ground floors-where the living rooms are- to the open air space, by using large verandas, both front and back, so as to have full exploitation of a very small garden, belonging to a very small site (only 360 m2).

We consider this very important for such a climate as there is in Saronikos bay and especially in Panorama Hill, Voula.

It is worth mentioning that as the site is rocky, we plan to use the product of the excavation (i.e the stones) for the construction of the retention walls, which are necessary for landscaping the garden in such a site with such an inclination.

The project is nowadays under construction.

dwelling

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18>>> dwellings for two families 6/2007-7/2007_danos a._dano

4th LEVEL PLAN

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19>>> monitoring in a dwelling, London, UK

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TANGO STUDIO

LIVING / DINING BEDROOM-WC

The main aim of the first project was familia-risation with the basic principles of sustainable environmental design through researching how an existing dwelling works. The methodology consti-tuted of the observation of the real conditions in a bungalow dwelling in London. Spot measurements were recorded (air temperature, surface tempera-ture, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, as well as illuminance). These recordings were es-sential for further analysis and in order to calibrate the digital models (Autodesk Ecotect Analysis 2010, Radiance 2.0 BETA, EDSL TAS v.9.1.3). In addition, occupants’ replies regarding their thermal and visual comfort and favourite spots within the house during winter and summer established how important it was to complete the post-occupancy evaluation.

To simulate the following softwares were used:

-Autodesk Ecotect Analysis 2010 - simulation of natural-artificial lighting and solar gains

-Radiance 2.0 BETA - simulation of natural lighting

-EDSL TAS v.9.1.3 - simulation of indoor climatic conditions

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19>>> monitoring in a dwelling, London, UK 10/2009-1/2010_cardona_danou_escobar_kyropoulou / supervisor: yannas

Ta (black) and Ts (red)[oC]

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hot pipes heated the floor significantly

heat loss through the exterior wallsheat loss through the single glaze

heat loss through the double low-e glazing

mezzanine-office is colder than the mezzanine-bedroom

hot spot as the light in the below wc was on

tango studio

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Envelope heat loss to exposed area per m2source: Yannas S. (1994). Solar Energy and Housing Design Vol.1., p. 65 ,AA Publications, London

Heat loss coefficient to heating demandA reliability of 0.9 could achieved if the third sted was missing

STEP 1Moving the north aperture and reducing its area to 50%. Total glazing area reduction in the room of 27%.

2 STEP 2All the aperture double glazed with a layer of a low-e coat at the internal glazing.

1

3STEP 3Internal night shutters for all the apertures.schedule: closed from 17:00 to 6:00 in winter period

4 STEP 4Double the insulation of the external walls from 50mm to 100mm.

5 STEP 5Install thermal mass to the external walls.

6 STEP 6Adding a concrete slab to the exposed roof and soil at the exterior side.

19>>> monitoring in a dwelling, London, UK 10/2009-1/2010_cardona_danou_escobar_kyropoulou / supervisor: yannas

20>>> Infill plot in Calle del Blason, Office & Delling complex, Madrid, Spain

AbstractThe second term’s project had to deal with the implementation of the results/lessons extracted from the first term’s project and how these may contribute to the development of a new or exist-ing house or live-work environment. In our case, we developed a combined-use complex (office-dwelling) in a very narrow plot in Madrid. The plot was part of a dense urban fabric. Therefore, there was no question of a “full site extru-sion” or an interrupted street line as the former would cause problems with solar access and air flow, whereas the latter will create a perforated condition. In addition, one of the aims was to re-awaken interaction between neighbours. Thus, a basic aim was to design the exterior and interior spaces interwoven together.

+

_

4-storey

1-storey

4-storey

interior spaces

exterior spaces

@3m

@6m

@9m

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20>>> infill plot in calle del Blason, office & delling complex, Madrid, Spain2/2010-5/2010_danou_jain / supervisor: yannas

Since the site was positioned in an intense urban fabric it required an inter¬vention that could break away from the conventional ‘full site extrusion’ ty-pology. But to make the project successful, it was necessary to design for the com¬munity around the building as well for the inhabitants within. Therefore, active community participation was identified as one of the major initial design driving forces in order to encourage active social interac-tion on site.

The brief for the site was identified as a combina-tion of ‘Live and Work’, though limiting the work-ing environment for the inhabitants of the site itself and making it a function of the residential com-ponent. Therefore, the working component of the site could potentially contain studios and of¬fices for architects, artists etc., who would be residing in the dwelling units. This was done in order to limit (but not prevent) the access of the public to the built form. The open spaces though were kept completely accessible to the public.

The narrow edge of the site faced East West, leaving the longer sides facing North and South. The orientation of the plot sounds perfect until the surrounding blocks come into the picture; they are 4-storey high and thus restrict solar access, daylight and ventilation to interior spaces.

Building programme: Site Area: 683 m² • No. of Dwellings (110-120m²): 4-5 • Studio / office space (30-40m²): 2-3 • 1 Car parking space per dwelling • Storage areas (on ground floor)

DWELLING TYPE Α - FLAT

OFFICESOFFICES

Solar access at the south façade of the complex

DWELLING TYPE Β - DUBLEX

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Summer

Winter

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21>>> Transformations at the street level of Athens: focusing on pedestrian roads

Abstract

In the urban fabric of Athens, and more spe-cifically at its centre, the high density and the geometry of the buildings can be the main reason for the diurnal temperature deviations that can be observed. The high global incident radiation as well as the storage capacity of the surrounding materials in a street and its sur-roundings, such as concrete, brick, concrete tiles and asphalt, converts the built environment to a radiator which releases its heat at night. Ad-ditionally, anthropogenic heat due to the intense use of private means of transportation as well as due to the use of mechanical cooling systems during summer, may exacerbate the problem. Moreover, the lack of vegetation and hence the lack of shading and evaporation usually leads to creation of unpleasant areas, especially for the inhabitants at the centre. Regarding the potential of occupying the outdoor spaces in such a cli-mate, which could be more than half of the year,there might be a possibility of transforming low traffic streets into pedestrian zones, providing in this way a more comfortable and friendly environment.

Hydroponics - a new trend with regards to vegetated walls

“a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions, without soil”

source: http://news.architecture.sk/2010/03/iam-lost-in-paris-rsien.php

The flow regime associated with air flow over building arrays ofincreasing H/W ratio

a. 0.005<H/W<0.4, b.0.4<H/W<0.7, c. 0.7<H/Wsource: Oke, 1988

Thermal-Physiological Balancesource: after Yannas, 2000; Ramos and Steemers, 2003; Alucci and

Monteiro, 2004

Shadow range during the hours of 9:00-16:00 on 21st June for an E-W

(left) and N-S (right) oriented streets in Athens with an aspect ratio H/W=2

source: Autodesk Ecotect Analysis 2010 with weather data imported from Meteonorm 6.1

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21>>> transformations at the street level of Athens: focusing on pedestrian roads5/2010-9/2010_danou / supervisor: yannas

This dissertation deals with the thermal comfort of a pedestrian within the urban fabric and, more specifically, within the network of pedestrian roads in the centre of Athens during summer time.

The environmental factors, as well as thermal com-fort outdoors, depend on various parameters like the geometrical characteristics of the urban fabric, materiality, distribution of vegetation together with heat emission and anthropogenic heat release. Regarding the typology of pedestrian roads in Ath-ens, streets surrounded with buildings and streets with the ‘open’ typology were examined equally. Primary factors which were analysed were street geometry, orientation, vegetation distribution, transmittance of diffuse and direct solar radiation as well as air flow within the urban fabric. How can all these parameters affect thermal comfort outdoors? All these issues were examined and analysed through the theoretical background of this dissertation.

A hypothetical black human body related to twohemispheres -

The contribution of incident solar radiation in comparisonwith the reflected component and longwave radiation

The Avenue of Europe - Axonometric viewSeville, Spain 1992

top: Psychrometric chart - Air movement (1 Met)bottom: Psychrometric chart - direct and indirect evaporative cooling

with red thermal comfort band during summer with blue thermal comfort band during winter

Climatic data of Athens were presented in the second part of the dissertation. In addition, the potential of implementing passive systems during summer months in a hot and dry climate was analysed through psychrometric charts. Precedents with shading devices and cooling methods in regions with similar climate (Seville, Spain, Expo 1992), unobstructed air movement, clothing level adjustment, as well as the control of metabolic rate, demonstrate the potential of expanding pedestrians’ outdoor thermal comfort.

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21>>> transformations at the street level of Athens: focusing on pedestrian roads 5/2009-9/2010_danou / supervisor: yannas

Fish eye images have been taken with an analogic camera and calculation of sky view factor

top row: Pittaki street, bottom row: Iraklidon and Ap. Pavlou streets

Images taken with a thermal cameraa. Café with micronizers in Iraklidon and Ap. Pavlou streets

b. Bench form concrete

SVF=0.29

SVF=0.95

During the fieldwork, comparisons of street geom-etries were examined. More specifically, an ‘open’ street was compared to a very narrow street (sky view factor = 0.25) in terms of solar exposure and air flow, as little information was found while com-posing the theoretical background. Studying the contribution of vegetation on pedestrians’ thermal comfort, a dense urban region was compared to a suburban neighbourhood. A third experiment comprised of direct responses of pedestrians regarding their thermal comfort level. Occupants were divided into two categories (resting, walk-ers). Assuming metabolic rate as a stable factor, occupants’ answers could be compared. The issue of direct cooling through micronizers, and more specifically whether they create a pleasant or unpleasant environment was also examined during the fieldwork.

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a

b


H/W=0.5

H/W=1

H/W=2

H/W=0.5

H/W=1

H/W=2

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Insolation analysis for summer period in Athens- Average daily values of sunlight hours in a plane at 1m above ground floor levelConstant height H=12m



FLO

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top: Insolation on facets of various canyons without treesbottom: Irradiance on pedestrian


During the analysis part, thresholds of intensity and duration of solar radiation were recorded dur-ing a typical summer day. This study consisted of a more thorough examination of diffuse and direct solar radiation within canyons with different aspect ratios, on the walls and at the street level, as well as on a hypothetical pedestrian.


6m

3m

6m

40m

6m

6m

40m

6m6m

6m

18m

40m

6m6m

6m

wind

GROUP Α

gallery-b

gallery-a

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Wind flow at pedestrian level for various geometrical configurations with galleriessource: Envi-met 4.0


12m

12m

6m

40m

6m

4m

12m

6m

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6m

24m

12m

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GROUP B

without trees

with trees

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mrT levels (dashed lines) and air temperature (continuous lines) for a typical summer day in streets with and without deciduous treessource: Envi-met 4.0

The second part of the analytical work consisted of microclimatic simulations where various can-yon aspects with and without vegetation were compared. Two rows of deciduous trees with 10m height were applied at both sides of the streets. In addition, the increment of wind flow was exam-ined, within streets and the urban fabric in general, through galleries of different types.

The last part of the analytical work comprised of more detailed research of microclimatic conditions at 4 spots of different orientation within the same ‘open’ E-W street, with width 24m - similar propor-tions and orientation to a future planned pedes-trian road of Athens (20m).


base case

case 1

case 2

case 3

case 4

case 5

case 6

case 7:as case 6

case 8:as case 6

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GROUP C

mrT levels for a typical summer day in a street with width 24m in 4 spots (left: southern spot, right: eastern spot) source: Envi-met 4.0


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Apartment building complex in Carabanchel, Madrid, Spain

Perforation of an urban block in different levels to increase wind flow in dense areas (courtyard typology - ‘akalyptos’)

Ventilation in Urban scale - The channellingeffect stops at the first gallery - Potential of courtyards’

reconnection with the street network

The urban density in the centre of Athens may lead to a lack of urban ventilation. This lack of ventilation may restrict the thermal comfort zone of pedestrians, whilst contributing to the low rate of pollution dissipation in streets with traffic. The result of this condition is the creation of a polluted layer at the pedestrian level. Recent precedents in cities with similar climatic conditions, like Ma-drid, presented a trend of exploring the potential of designing urban courtyard blocks. The basic characteristic is the perforation of the block. Such an example, in Madrid, is an apartment building complex in Carabanchel, by Amann, Canovas and Maruri. In the case of perforated blocks, a comparative study of envelope exposure during the winter season to a sufficient level of ventila-tion (pollution dissipation all year around, cooling through convection during summer), not only at pedestrian level, but also at all upper floors, is required. Regarding the applicability of perfora-tion in existing conditions in Athens, a solution might be initially that some shops (frequently unoccupied or abandoned) on the ground floor could be converted into galleries. In this way, not only will the ventilation rate increase but also the inward-looking courtyards (‘akalyptos’), currently not being used, will be reconnected with the street and hopefully will be used again by the occupants of the buildings.


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The proposed cooling bench with a potential of being shifted around by two occupants depending on the

climatic conditions

This research revealed that in an E-W-oriented ‘open street’, the mrT [mean radiant tempera-ture] in all examined spots presented a remark-able reduction when the street was shaded by trees. In the case of a wide street (W=24m), a need for shading the centre proved to be benefi-cial. Buildings in both side of the street increased the diffuse and diffusely reflected short-wave radiation component, even when the albedo of the walls was 0.2.

There is a general agreement that the possibility of altering positions in an urban environment may increase significantly the time that someone spends outdoors (reactive adaptation). Addi-tionally, the lack of urban furniture may create unpleasant environments, even when they are thermally comfortable. This was proved by fieldwork measurements and predicted ones by using Berkley, CA simulation tool. A future inves-tigation of occupants’ behaviour in a small park, square, street, etc., where lightweight benches are located, would be interesting. Appropriate materials from which to mould these could be pumice stone mixed with a mounting mortar of clay or concrete. The proposed bench could also be examined as a small tank containing shaded water, which might contribute to indirect evapo-rative cooling.

in this volume the following fonts were used: 1. CF SmoothCond, 2. PA-SansSerif-Light , 3. PA-SansSerif, bold, 4. CF DinGrBlack , 5. Cf Bar, 6. Arial, 7. Zurich Win95BT

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