Dakar, Senegal

September 18, 2008

IPM by the Food Industry: The role of IPM in

Good Agricultural Practices

Hasan Bolkan, Ph.D.Davis Research & Development

Davis, CA

Information provided by Adam Warren, Frito-Lay

Corporate Social Responsibility

TO OUR PLANET

2Minimize the environmental

impact of our operationsto meet today’s needs

while supporting the needs of future generations1Delivering high quality,

safe, affordable, andconvenient foods

TO OUR CONSUMERS

Public Concerns

CONSUMERS

1Concernsabout pesticide residues in food

ENVIRONMENT

2Pesticides in theEnvironment 3Endangering the

Health of Farm Workers

SAFETY

Pesticide Quality Assurance

Total Systems Pesticide ManagementWe are concentrating our efforts on four priorities

1Hands on application of

Integrated PestManagement

(IPM)2Pesticide

record keepingand reporting 3

Rigorous,state-of-the-artresidue testing 4State-of-the-art

processing

The four elements of pesticide management work together to deliver excellence in pesticide reduction and quality assurance

Agricultural Sustainability Leadership TrackAssessment

Campbell’s Agricultural Sustainability Roadmap

Step 1• Alignment on sustainability

• Determine level of sustainable ag practices being employed by growers

Step 2

• Identify influencers

• Define sustainable agriculture indicators

• Establish sustainable agriculture initiatives

Step 3

• Develop Campbell research priorities supporting indicators and initiatives• Work with growers, Universities and NGO’s to identify, test and implement sustainable practices• Execute on a commercial scale• Verify practices at grower level

Step 4

• Adaptive changes based on research and monitoring/verification

• Promote good agricultural practices among all suppliers/ growers

• Speak the same language as your regulators, customers, and consumers

Water supply Use

Research Priorities

Focus Areas

• Reduced volume irrigation (Drip irrigation)

• Better crop management• Identify drought resistant varieties

• Soil Erosion Management

Water Management

Soil Management

• To improve soil quality (mulches, cover crops)

• Reduced tillage • Crop diversification/Crop rotation

Research Priorities for Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Soil inputs Management

• Managing Nitrate runoffs • Preservation of wild life • Cover crops

Pest/Disease Management

• New IPM strategies : Environmentally friendly pesticides, Use of beneficials

• Disease resistant Varieties

The Challenge

Reduces Synthetic Pesticide Use Maintain/Reduce Pest Management Cost Maintain/Improve Quality

Fungal and Bacterial Pathogens of TomatoesFungal and Bacterial Pathogens of Tomatoes

Early BlightBlack Mold

VerticilliumVerticillium

Phytophtora Root Rot

Late BlightLate Blight Bacterial SpeckBacterial Speck

Bacterial spot

Viruses affecting tomatoesViruses affecting tomatoes

TYLCV

Alfalfa mosaic

Tobacco mosaic

Tomato Spotted Wilt

Helicoverpa spp.

Insects/Nematodes affecting tomatoesInsects/Nematodes affecting tomatoes

Tomato pinworm

ArmywormArmyworm

Root Knot Nematode

Fruitworm

Campbell’s IPM Strategies

— Disease Free Seeds— Disease/Pest Resistant Varieties— Biological Control (Parasitic Wasps)— Mating Confusion (Sex Pheromones)— Biological Pesticides (Bts.)— Forecasting Systems (TOM-CAST)— Risk Assessment (GIS/GPS)— Judicious Use of Synthetic Pesticides

Beneficial Insects: Biological Control

Trichogramma pretiosum

Managing Insect Pests: Mating Confusion

Disease forecasting (TOM-CAST)

Managing Fungal Diseases

Managing Viruses: Risk Assessment Maps

Management Strategies for Geminiviruses

Mandatory 2-3-month whitefly host-free period— Tomato, common bean, cucurbits, eggplant,

pepper, weeds Regional Management

— Whitefly management was regional not local Planting early varieties followed by TYLCV

resistant varieties— Varieties with 108-115 days maturity

Impact of IPM on Synthetic Pesticide use on Celery: California

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Pre-IPM Post-IPM

Herbicides

Insecticides

Fungicides

Applications/Acre

Management Practices and Production Year

100 %

Impact of IPM on Synthetic Fungicide use on Carrots: Michigan/Ohio

0

1

2

3

4

Pre-IPM Post-IPM

Applications/Acre

Management Practices and Production Year

85.7 %

Impact of IPM on Synthetic Fungicide use on processing tomatoes: Mexico

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Pre-IPM

94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 5

Pre-IPM IPM

Management Practices and Production Year

Fungicide Applications/ha

Impact of IPM on Synthetic Insecticides use on Processing Tomatoes: Mexico

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Pre-IPM

Pre-IPM

Post-IPM

90 05

Applications (a.i)/ha

Management Practices and Production Year

Impact of IPM on Synthetic Pesticide use on Jalapeno Peppers: Mexico

0

10

20

30

40

BiologicalSynthetic

42.05

7.5Pre - IPM IPM

Applications/Acre

7.5

Cost of Pest Management: Conventional vs. IPM

0

100

200

300

400

500

Conventional IPM

$467.2

$311.5

Insecticide Cost (dollars/ha)

Cost of Disease Management: Conventional vs. IPM

0

100

200

300

400

500

Non-IPM IPM Net Cost Savings

Fungicide Costs (dollars/ha)

$482

$181

$304

Campbell’s Current Good Agricultural Practices

Campbell’s works “hands on” with its tomato growers to promote and ensure the use of :

— transplants to reduce herbicides and conserve water — disease resistant varieties to eliminate pesticide usage— integrated pest management (IPM) practices to reduce

synthetic insecticide usage — conservation tillage to reduce fuel, dust, emission, water

runoff, and soil erosion — 2-3 years of crop rotation to minimize diseases — cover cropping to improve soil texture— habitat management, such as replanting ditches with native

vegetation and preservation of wetlands

IPM Helps to Build a Sustainable Supply Chain, from Farm to Table

Suppliers MANUFACTURING Distribution Customers ConsumersPurchase high-qualityIngredients produced

by local farmers

Energy and water conservationWaste management and

recycling

Reduce Environmental

impact

Partner with ourCustomer onSustainability

initiatives

Sustainablepackaging

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

The pests/diseases in Mexico

Insect Pests– Tomato Pinworm (Keiferia lycopersicella)– Yellow striped Armyworm (S. ornithogalli)– Tomato Fruit worm (Helicoverpa zea)

Diseases– Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans)– Gemini-Viruses

The Pests/Diseases in California

Insect Pests– Yellow striped Armyworm (S. ornithogalli)– Tomato Fruit worm (Helicoverpa zea)– Aphids

Diseases– Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans)– Black Mold (Alternaria alternata)

Jalapeno Pepper Rejections Due to Pesticide Residues Above Tolerance

Production Total LoadsReceived

Rejections PercentRejections

Pre -IPM 1384 43 3.1%

Beginning of IPM

1495 43 2.9%

After IPM 1221 10 0.8%

0

25

50

75

100

Pre-IPM

Pre-IPM

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03

Synthetic Insecticides Bio-insecticides PheromonesSynthetic

Pesticide Usage (%)

The switch

Eternal Triangle

Sustainability

Social Responsibility

(to growers, community,

shareholders)

Environmental Responsibility

(conserve natural resources)

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