Curtain Wall Fire Protection Systems
Transcript of Curtain Wall Fire Protection Systems
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 2www.hilti.com
Fire Statistics
Visibility: 47% of survivors caught in a firecould not see more than 12 feet (3.6 m).
Why must we contain Smoke, Toxic Gases and Fire?
3/4 of all fire deaths are caused bysmoke inhalation.
Approximately 57% of people killed infires are not in the room of the fire’s origin.
Source: Hall, Jr. John R. NFPA Fire Analysis & Research, Quincy, MA. “Burns, Toxic Gases, and other Hazards”.
Source: NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 18th Ed. Table 1-1P. Pg.1-15.
Source: NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 18th Ed. Table 8-1P. Pg. 8-17.
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 3www.hilti.com
What is the leading killer in fires?
Smoke & Toxic Gases
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 4www.hilti.com
Consider this:
• A square room 20 ft x 20 ft x 20 ft has a pencil hole betweencompartments.
• How long will it take for the smoke to fill the room to a thickness suchthat you cannot see your hands 18 inches in front of you?
How Fast Does Smoke Travel?
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 5www.hilti.com
Pencil Hole
3 minutes40 seconds
20 ft x 20 ft x 20 ft room
Smoke travels 120-420 feet per minute (36 – 128 m/min), under fire conditionsSource: Estimate based upon ceiling jet velocity calculations for typical ceiling heights and heat release rates.
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 6www.hilti.com
The Balanced Approach to Fire Protection
We can’t rely on any single action or safeguardto keep people safe
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 7www.hilti.com
2nd Floor
1st Floor
GroundFloor
CurtainWall
Floor Slab
Chimney Effect –Internal Spread
Main Risks in Perimeter Joints:
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 8www.hilti.com
1st Floor
2nd Floor
3rd FloorVision glass
Spandrel panel(glass, stone, metal...)
Mullions
Transoms
External Spread – “Leap Frog”
Main Risks in Perimeter Joints:
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 9www.hilti.com
Main Risk in Perimeter Joints:
External Spread – “Leap Frog”
Al Tayer Tower – Sharjah 2012 Al Nasser Tower – Doha 2006
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 10www.hilti.com
Critical Parts:1. CW Insulation
3. Safing Rockwool2. Firestop Spray
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 11www.hilti.com
Critical Parts:
1. CW Insulation(Leap Frog Effect)
2. Safing Rockwool(Chimney Effect)
3. Firestop Spray(Chimney Effect)
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 12www.hilti.com
• 3 Main Testing Standards:
1. ASTM E2307: “Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Resistanceof Perimeter Fire Barriers Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-Story TestApparatus”
2. EN 1364 – Part 3: “Fire resistance of curtain walling systems – fullConfiguration” – Fire Resistant Glazing
3. EN 1364 – Part 4: “Fire resistance of parts of curtain walling” – Non-Fire Resistant Glazing
Testing Of Curtain Wall Systems:
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 13www.hilti.com
ASTM E2307
Standard Test Method forDetermining Fire Resistanceof Perimeter Fire BarriersUsing Intermediate-Scale,Multi-Story Test Apparatus
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 14www.hilti.com
ASTM E2307 – Test Assembly
Cross-section view
backface
View from front face
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 15www.hilti.com
Curtain Wall TestAssembly
Pre-Burn
Transom above floor
Transom below floor
Mechanical attachmentssupporting insulation
Mineral wool insulation atspandrel area
Mullions
Vision Glass
ASTM E2307 – Test Assembly
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 16www.hilti.com
AssemblyInterior View
Pre-Burn
Thermocouplesmeasuring temperaturerise
ASTM E2307 – Test Assembly
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 17www.hilti.com
Video
LSSCWBURN.wmv
ASTM E2307 – Test Assembly
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 18www.hilti.com
Interior Burner Lit - Time: 0:00ASTM E2307 – Test Assembly
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 19www.hilti.com
Exterior Burner Lit - Time: 0:05ASTM E2307 – Test Assembly
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 20www.hilti.com
Flames ClimbingExterior
Time: 0:15
ASTM E2307 – Test Assembly
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 21www.hilti.com
Melting of Mullions&Transoms
Time: 0:45
ASTM E2307 – Test Assembly
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 22www.hilti.com
Vision GlassBreaks
Time: 2:00
ASTM E2307 – Test Assembly
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 24www.hilti.com
Post Test:
Close up Detail of Mullionand Transom Damage
ASTM E2307 – Test Assembly
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 25www.hilti.com
Post Test – Interior ViewASTM E2307 – Test Assembly
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 26www.hilti.com
Only two labs presently perform testing in accordance withnewly developed ASTM test methods:
ASTM E2307 – Testing Labs
Northbrook, IL Elmendorf, Texas
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 27www.hilti.com
Test result: Laboratory listing with very preciseconstruction details
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 28www.hilti.com
Perimeter Fire Containment - Basic Design Criteria1. Provide Backing/Reinforcement Member at
Safing Line
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 30www.hilti.com
Perimeter Fire Containment - Basic Design Criteria
1. Provide Backing/Reinforcement Member atSafing Line
2. Mechanically Attached Curtain Wall Insulation
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 31www.hilti.com
ReinforcementMember
1
2MechanicallyAttachedInsulation(hangers, clips, impalingpins, weld pins,…)
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 32www.hilti.com
Perimeter Fire Containment - Basic Design Criteria1. Provide Backing/Reinforcement Member at
Safing Line
2. Mechanically Attached Curtain Wall Insulation
3. Compression-fit Safing Insulation - as required per tested assembly
Install Safing Impaling Clips - as required per tested assembly
Horizontal fiberorientationVertical fiber
orientation
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 33www.hilti.com
2ReinforcementMember
1
MechanicallyAttached Insulation
3
Compression FitSafing (Direction ofSafing as required pertested assembly)& Safing Clips(as required per testedassembly)
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 34www.hilti.com
Compression Fit Safing (Direction of Safingas required per tested assembly)
Safing Clips (as required per tested assembly)
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 35www.hilti.com
Perimeter Fire Containment - Basic Design Criteria
1. Provide Backing/Reinforcement Member atSafing Line
2. Mechanically Attached Curtain Wall Insulation
4. Protect Aluminum Mullions
3. Compression-fit Safing Insulation - as required per tested assembly
Install Safing Impaling Clips - as required per tested assembly
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 36www.hilti.com
2
ReinforcementMember
ProtectMullions
4
1
MechanicallyAttached Insulation
3
Compression Fit Safing(Direction of Safing asrequired per tested assembly)& Safing Clips(as required per testedassembly)
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 37www.hilti.com
1. Provide Backing/Reinforcement Member atSafing Line
2. Mechanically Attached Curtain Wall Insulation
4. Protect Aluminum Mullions
3. Compression-fit Safing Insulation - as required per tested assembly
Install Safing Impaling Clips - as required per tested assembly
5. For “Smoke Containment” - Add Firestop Coating
Perimeter Fire Containment - Basic Design Criteria
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 38www.hilti.com
5 FirestopCoating
2ReinforcementMember
3ProtectMullions
1
MechanicallyAttached Insulation
4
Compression Fit Safing(Direction of Safing asrequired per tested assembly)& Safing Clips(as required per testedassembly)
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 40www.hilti.com
Traditional Method – 6mm sheet metal top and bottom, filled with mineral wool:
Incorrect Installations:
General Value Proposition
• All voids closed with Fire andAcoustic sealant
Can be valid when
• No movement capabilities
• High Load
• Slow to install
• Not tested
Key Weaknesses
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 41www.hilti.com
. Incorrect installation of foil boards leaves space for smoke and flames to passthrough and may fall out
. Foil may be damaged very easily
Incorrect Installations:
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 42www.hilti.com
Coated boards are ridged and do notallow movement
Incorrect Installations:
Floorslab
Fire Stop
Fire StopDrops
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 43www.hilti.com
Mastic spray
Firestop expands
Floor Slab
Cur
tain
Wal
l
Wall bulges outHeat and Flames
Overlapping:
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 45www.hilti.com
UAE Fire & Life Safety Code ofPractice
2011 Edition
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 46www.hilti.com
UAE Fire Code requirmeent:
Classification of Firestop Systems(21.5)
• “ 21.5.4.3. Perimeter Fire BarrierSystem……shall be….in accordance toASTM E 2307 as the test method(please refer to section 21.16 foracceptable alternative test standards)”
• “21.5.4.4. the firestop system refers toall the necessary components in theapproved firestop design, which caninclude but is not limited to the gap size,backing material depth, sealant depth,and other parameters in the listings”
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 47www.hilti.com
UAE Fire Code requirmeent:
Installation (21.10)
• “21.10.3.4. (joints & CW) …shall becapable of withstanding anticipatedmovements for the installed fieldconditions… …”
• “21.10.4.3. (CW ) Perimeter fire barriersystem accessories i.e. metal framing,curtain wall insulation, mechanicalattachments, safing materials andFirestop…shall be installed asapplicable within the design listedsystem ”
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 48www.hilti.com
Fire with successfulcompartmentation
People with complete trustin the compartmentation
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 50www.hilti.com
THANK YOU
(Protect Yourself & Others)
Safety Design in Buildings – Forum – Dubai 2012 51www.hilti.com
ASTM 2307 EN 1364-3 EN 1364-4 BS 8414-1 BS 8414-2
Curtain WallAssembly
Full Full Part Part Part
Glazing Non-FireRated
Fire-Rated Fire Rated &Non-FireRated
N/A Non-FireRated
Internalexposure
Curtain Wall,Insulation &Gap Seal
Curtain Wall& Gap Seal
Curtain Wall& Gap seal(partially)
NotEvaluated asa full system
NotEvaluated asa full system
ExternalExposure
Curtain Wall,Glazing,insulation orCompositePanel
Curtain Wall EvaluatedPartially
curtain Wall,Over-cladding &insulation
Curtain Wall,Glazing,CompositePanel
Movement Cyclingrequirements
N/A N/A N/A N/A
Equipments Internal &ExternalBurners
Internal ORExternalBurner
Internal ORExternalBurner
Internal ORExternalBurner
InternalBurner