Phng php xy dng phn mm bin dch cc file d liu o DMIS ca mun PRO-CMM phn mm PRO-ENGINEER sang cc file ngn ng

PHNG PHP BIN DCH CC TP TIN D LIU

GIA CNG TRN NGN NG APT CA MUN PRO/MANUFACTURING SANG CC TP TIN TRN NGN NG G-CODE IU KHIN MY TIN CNC

FANUC T SERIES Oi-S

CONVERTING THE MANUFACTURING DATA FILES OF APT LANGUAGE IN PRO/MANUFACTURING INTO THOSE OF G-CODE LANGUAGE CONTROLLING THE CNC TURNING MACHINE FANUC T SERIES Oi-S

L CUNG BI MINH HIN

Trng i hc Bch khoa, i hc NngTM TT

Bi bo gii thiu phng php xy dng trnh bin dch cc tp tin d liu gia cng trn ngn ng APT ca mun Pro/MANUFACTURING trong phn mm Pro/ENGINEER thnh cc tp tin trn ngn ng G-Code iu khin cc thao tc gia cng trn my tin CNC T Series Oi-S ca hng FANUC ti phng th nghim Sn xut t ng (CRePA), chng trnh o to K s cht lng cao PFIEV, trng i hc Bch khoa, i hc Nng.

ABSTRACT

This article presents the method to buid up the software to convert the manufacturing data files of APT (Automatically Programmed Tools) in Pro/MANUFACTURING module into those on ISO language controlling the operations of the CNC FANUC T Series Oi-S turning machine installed in the Laboratory CRePA of the Excellent Engineer Formation Program (PFIEV) in Danang Polytechnical University.

1. t vn

Hin nay, trn a bn min Trung v trong c nc c trang b ngy cng nhiu cc my tin iu khin theo chng trnh s CNC (Computer Numerical Control). Cc my tin CNC cho php gia cng cc chi tit my c hnh dng tng i phc tp vi chnh xc v nng sut cao, c bit c dng trong gia cng cc chi tit trn xoay hay cc bin dng cam thng... Thng thng vic lp trnh gia cng thc hin mt cch t ng nh cc phn mm CAD/CAM nh PRO/ENGINEER, CATIA, MASTERCAM, HYPERMILL Cc phn mm ny c th xut ra cc tp tin d liu gia cng theo ngn ng APT v theo G-Code.

Moun Pro/MANUFACTURING ca phn mm Pro/ENGINEER, mt trong nhng phn mm CAD-CAM chuyn dng v kh ph bin hin nay, cho php thit lp trnh t nguyn cng v cc bc gia cng, chn dao c, ch ct, chn la cc ng chy dao ph hp, ng thi cho php m phng qu trnh gia cng trn my tin CNC o trn giao din s dng ca n. Sau mun Pro/NC xut ra cc tp tin d liu gia cng theo ngn ng APT. Cc tp tin ny khng th iu khin cc thao tc trn my tin CNC.

Bn cnh , mun G-Post ca Pro/ MANUFACTURING cng cho php xut ra cc tp tin d liu gia cng theo ngn ng G-Code trc tip iu khin cc chuyn ng gia cng trn my tin CNC. Tuy nhin cc tp tin G-Code ni trn c nhiu on cha tng thch vi ngn ng iu khin cc my tin CNC c th, c bit l phn chun b gia cng, thay dao v mt s m lnh c bit ca tng my. Ngi vn hnh my phi tn nhiu thi gian, cng sc v d nhm ln chnh sa mt s on chng trnh trc khi chy my, nht l i vi chng trnh gia cng cc chi tit phc tp. Bn cnh , vic chnh sa chng trnh cn s tr gip ca cc k thut vin chuyn v lp trnh gia cng trn my CNC.

Do vy, gii quyt trit cc kh khn khi lp trnh gia cng cho cc my tin CNC, cn thit phi xy dng mt trnh bin dch t ngn ng APT sang ngn ng G-Code hon ton tng thch vi cc my tin CNC hin c. y cng chnh l mc tiu nghin cu ca bi bo ny.

2. Nguyn tc v phng php xy dng trnh bin dch

xy dng phng php v thut ton cho trnh bin dch, trc ht cn tin hnh phn tch cu trc m lnh ca cc tp tin theo ngn ng APT do Pro/NC to ra v ca cc tp tin theo ngn ng G-Code dng iu khin cc thao tc gia cng trn my tin CNC T Series Oi-S ca hng FANUC.

2.1. Cu trc m lnh APT v G-Code Nguyn tc bin dch

Vic phn tch v so snh cu trc ca tt c cc cu lnh APT v G-Code ISO i vi my tin cho thy v c bn cu trc cc cu lnh trong hai ngn ng c cc c im chung nh sau :

Vi ngn ng APT, cu lnh c cu trc nh sau:

Tn lnh + / + Cc tham s lin quan

Cc tham s c phn bit vi nhau bng du phy ,.

Vi ngn ng G-Code, cu lnh n gin hn nhiu, nhng cng c nhng im tng ng vi cu lnh trong APT. Cu trc c bn ca cu lnh G-Code nh sau:

Tn lnh_Cc tham s lin quan

Cc tham s lin quan thng c ng trc bng mt ch ci m t ni dung tham s v c phn bit vi nhau bng cc du cch.

Chnh t im chung ny, bi bo xut phng php bin dch nh sau:

c d liu t tp tin ngun, s dng mt mng chui k t cha tng dng lnh ca tp tin ngun.

Phn tch mi cu lnh APT thnh hai thnh phn: tn lnh v tham s ca cu lnh.

Thay th tn lnh APT bng tn lnh tng ng ca G-Code, ng thi da trn cc tham s ca cu lnh APT, chuyn i, b sung, chn lc hay tnh ton li cc tham s sao cho ph hp vi cu lnh G-Code nhng vn khng lm thay i ni dung v ngha ca cu lnh .

2.2. Bin dch cu lnh t APT sang G-Code cho my tin FANUC

minh ha, phn ny gii thiu phng php bin dch mt vi cu lnh t ngn ng APT sang ngn ng G-Code. Lnh thay dao (s dng khi tin trn my tin, khi gia cng l trn my tin hay trung tm tin/phay)

APT: Vic thay dao trong ngn ng APT c m t bng lnh:

TURRET / n, XAXIS, x, ZAXIS, z, OSETNO, o

Trong : TURRET : tn lnh, m t vic thay dao; n: s hiu dao; XAXIS: m t chiu di dao theo trc X; x: chiu di trc dao theo trc X, tham s ty chn (c m t bng tham s GAUGE_X_LENGTH khi thit lp cc tham s ca dao); ZAXIS: m t chiu di dao theo trc Z; z: chiu di trc dao theo trc Z, tham s ty chn (c m t bng tham s GAUGE_Z_LENGTH khi thit lp cc tham s ca dao); OSETNO: m t hiu chnh dng c; o : s hiu hiu chnh dng c.

G-Code : Vic chn dng c trong ngn ng G-Code theo c php ca my tin FANUC c m t bng lnh:

Tvar1var2

Trong : T: tn lnh, m t vic chn dng c; var1: s hiu dng c; var2: s hiu hiu chnh dng c.

Vi cu lnh n gin nh trn, ch cn thay th tn lnh TURRET trong APT bng tn ln T trong G-Code, c, chn lc cc tham s ca cu lnh APT v gn vo cu lnh tng ng trong ngn ng G-Code.Cu lnh APT :

TURRET / 1, XAXIS, 10.00000, ZAXIS, 10.00000, OSETNO, 2

SPINDL / RPM, 800.000000, CLW

COOLNT / ON

Cu lnh G-Code (theo c php ca my tin Fanuc)

N3 T0102 G97

N4 G96 S800 M3

N5 M7

Tuy nhin, trong nhiu trng hp, mt cu lnh APT li c m t bi mt tp hp cc cu lnh G-Code hoc mt tp hp cc cu lnh APT c m t bng mt cu lnh hay mt tp hp cc cu lnh G-Code. V d lnh chy dao nhanh, lnh tin ren, trong cc trng hp ny vic bin dch phc tp hn nhiu.

Lnh tin ren APT: Lnh tin ren mt u mi, thc hin n dao mt hay nhiu ln khi ct, c th hin trong APT bng tp hp cc lnh sau:

OP / THREAD, TURN, DEPTH, totdepth, TPI, thread_feed, CUTS, c, FINCUT, n, CUTANG, a

GOTO Xvarx1 Y vary1 Zvarz1GOTO Xvarx2 Y vayx2 Zvarz3OP / THREAD, NOMORE

Trong : OP: tn lnh, m t tin ren; THREAD: m t tin ren; DEPTH: m t chiu cao ren; totdepth : chiu cao ren; TPI /MMPR/IPR: m t n v bc ren (TPI : s ren trn mt inch, MMRP : mm/vng, IPR: inch/vng); CUTS: m t s ln ct t c chiu cao ren; c: s ln ct; CUTANG: m t gc t dng c ct; a: gc t dng c ct so vi ng tm trc chnh; cc lnh GOTO m t ng bao ngoi ca ren v cc v tr ban u v cui cng ca dao khi ct ren; OP / THREAD, NOMORE : lnh kt thc tin ren.

G-Code: Lnh tin ren tr hay nn mt u mi, bc khng i theo c php ca my tin FANUC:

G32 Xvarx Yvary Zvarz Fvarf

Trong : G32 : tn lnh, m t vic tin ren; Xvarx, Yvary, Zvarz: m t ta v tr ban u v v tr cui cng ca dao khi dao chy dc theo chiu di chi tit tin; Fvarf : m t lng chy tin dao khi ct ren [mm/vng]. Mc khc, cng cn lu rng trong chng trnh G-Code bn cnh lnh G32, cn c cc lnh chy dao nhanh m t qu trnh tin v li dao v khong cch an ton khi tin, k c m t ng chy dao cho cc ln n dao khc nhau.

Trong trng hp ny, vic bin dch tng i phc tp. Trc ht cn thay th tn lnh OP trong APT bng tn lnh G32 trong G-Code, ng thi da trn cc tham s ca cu lnh APT tnh ton lng n dao theo chiu cao ren cho mi ln ct, s ln n dao, ta cc v tr n ca dao cho nhiu ln n dao, sau tin hnh bin dch thnh cc lnh chy dao nhanh tng ng trong G-Code m t ng chy dao khi tin ren.

Nhm lnh APT m t tin ren trn my tin:

RAPID

GOTO / 60.0000000000, 0.0000000000, 93.000000000

FEDRAT / 4.000000, MMPM

OP / THREAD , TURN, DEPTH, 2.453720, MMPR, 4.000000, CUTS, 2, FINCUT, 1,$

CUTANG, 180.000000

GOTO / 30.0000000000, 0.0000000000, 93.0000000000

GOTO / 30.0000000000, 0.0000000000, 18.5000000000

OP / THREAD, NOMORE

Nhm lnh tng ng trong G-Code :

G0 X57.546 Z93

G32 X57.546 Z18.5 F4

G0 X120 Z18.5

G0 X120 Z93

G0 X55.092 Z93

G32 X55.092 Z18.5 F4

G0 X120 Z18.5

N9 G0 X120 Z93

Ngoi ra, trong khi bin dch chng trnh, cn phi b sung mt s cu lnh khi to ban u khi gia cng nh v im chun trc khi thay dao, cc cu lnh dng trc chnh, li dao v im chun ca my, dng chng trnh Vic khi to kch thc phi ban u khi gia cng cho my tin cng c gii quyt.

3. Kt qu v bnh lun

Trn c s nguyn tc v phng php bin dch nu trn, chng ti tin hnh bin dch tt c cc cu lnh ca APT sang cc cu lnh ca ngn ng G-Code, xy dng mun Turning Machine cho trnh bin dch CNC/CMM-Translater. Trnh bin dch ni trn c vit trn ngn ng Visual Basic. Tp tin d liu ngun APT c nh dng l *.ncl v tp tin ch theo ngn ng G-Code c nh dng file text (*.txt).

Hnh 1, hnh 2, hnh 3 trnh by mt phn giao din ca moun Turning Machine ca trnh bin dch CNC/CMM-Translater v tp tin c bin dch thnh ngn ng G-Code.

kim nghim chng trnh bin dch, chng ti tin hnh thit k hng lot cc chi tit trn Pro/ENGINEER, bin dch chng trnh gia cng t ngn ng APT ca mun Pro/MANUFACTURING sang ngn ng G-Code bng mun Turning Machine v tin hnh gia cng th nghim trn my tin CNC FANUC T Series Oi-S ca phng th nghim Sn xut t ng CRePA, chng trnh o to K s Cht lng cao PFIEV. Cc kt qu th nghim khng nh tnh chnh xc ca phn mm bin dch. Ngi vn hnh my khng phi chnh sa mt cu lnh no trong chng trnh gia cng theo G-Code c bin dch, ngoi vic nh im chun cho my.

Hnh 4 gii thiu mt vi chi tit c gia cng th nghim trn my tin CNC FANUC T Series Oi-S.

4. Kt lun

Mun Turning Machine ca phn mm CNC/CMM-Translater dng bin dch cc tp tin d liu gia cng APT do phn mm Pro/ENGINEER to ra. Cc tp tin d liu G-Code c bin dch iu khin chnh xc cc thao tc gia cng trn my tin FANUC sau khi nh im chun cho my. Hon ton khng c mt li bin dch no v ngi vn hnh khng cn phi chnh sa chng trnh gia cng trc khi chy my.

Mun Turning Machine gp phn gii quyt cc kh khn khi son tho chng trnh gia cng chi tit, nht l i vi cc chi tit c hnh dng phc tp c chng trnh gia cng qu di. C th hiu chnh mun Turning Machine bin dch cc chng trnh gia cng do Pro/MANUFACTURING xut ra cho tt c cc loi my tin CNC hin ang c s dng trong nc.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire Tutorials on Pro/ENGINEER Software.[2] Visual Basic Tutorials on Visual Basic Software.

[3] Trnh Thnh Nhn - Hng dn thc hnh v t hc Pro/ENGINEER cn bn v nng cao - Nh xut bn Thng k thnh ph H Ch Minh 2004.

[4] FANUC Series Oi-TB, Operators Manual, ACE Designers Ltd.

[5] L Cung Nguyn nh Sn - Phng php xy dng trnh bin dch cc files d liu o DMIS ca mun PRO/CMM trn PRO/ENGINEER sang cc files ngn ng GEOPAK-WIN - Tp ch Khoa hc v Cng ngh 6 trng i hc, s 55/2006, H Ni 2006.

Hnh 4. Mt vi chi tit gia cng th nghim trn my tin FANUC

Hnh 2. Giao din moun Turning Machine v chng trnh bin dch sang ngn ng G-Code

Hnh 3. Khi to kch thc phi tin

Hnh 1. Giao din moun Turning Machine ca CNC/CMM-TRANSLATER

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