CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 1 The Life Cycle...
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Transcript of CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 1 The Life Cycle...
Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 1 CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME
The Life Cycle Management NavigatorLife Cycle Design
Training Session 11
Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 2 CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME
Life Cycle DesignWhat is LCD?
What?
The aim of Life Cycle Design (LCD) is
The basic principles of Life Cycle Design are
to integrate environmental and social considerations into product or service design and development.
to integrate environmental and social considerations into product or service design and development.
• life cycle thinking;
• introduction of the environmental and social considerations as early as possible in the life-cycle;
• consideration of the core service provided by the product.
• life cycle thinking;
• introduction of the environmental and social considerations as early as possible in the life-cycle;
• consideration of the core service provided by the product.
Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 3 CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME
Life Cycle DesignWhat is LCD?
What?
Emphasis on product quality
along its life cycle
Increase in resource use
efficiency
Increase in production eco-efficiency and
organisation efficiency
Consideration of local culture and capacities
Concern for end-of-life
management
Elements of Life Cycle Design
Identification of market needs and
opportunities
Source: CSCP
Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 4 CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME
Life Cycle DesignAreas of Application
Where?
Source: CSCP
The designers and the managers of the products use life cycle design during the earlier phases of product development.
LCD is a top-rank tool for environmental and social management. Raw Materials can be defined according to the requirements of LCD.Decisions on LCD in the earlier phase of product development alsoinfluence Packaging and Distribution, Use and Maintenance, and theDisposal.
Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 5 CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME
Life Cycle DesignNew Product Development
Example
Nigel’s Ecostore - Washing balls
UK
• introduced washing balls, which have the same function as washing powder;
• reuseable up to 1,000 times;
• leads to up to 90% cost savings compared to normal detergent.
Source: www.nigelsecostore.com; www.eco-ball.com
Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 6 CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME
Life Cycle DesignBenefits
Why?
The product design phase influences more than 80% of the cost spent for a product (i.e. production costs, maintenance costs and end-of-life costs).
85%
15%
Design Phase Commercial Life Cycle Phase
SpentCosts
DecidedCosts
100%
Costs(production, use, end of life)
Time
Source: Tischner, U. and Charter, M.
Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 7 CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME
Life Cycle DesignBenefits
Why?
Internal
• Product innovation• Improves product quality• Saves costs• Boosts brand value and reputation• Reach new customers• New opportunities for value
creation• Social equity• Governance and management
systems visible to stakeholders• Green marketing• Environmental and social
awareness
Internal
• Product innovation• Improves product quality• Saves costs• Boosts brand value and reputation• Reach new customers• New opportunities for value
creation• Social equity• Governance and management
systems visible to stakeholders• Green marketing• Environmental and social
awareness
External
• Be prepared for upcoming norms
and standards• Use of subsidy schemes• Encounter market and supplier
competition• Accomodate customer demand,
public opinion, and NGO
pressure• Encounter pressure from direct
community, environmental
groups and other stakeholders
External
• Be prepared for upcoming norms
and standards• Use of subsidy schemes• Encounter market and supplier
competition• Accomodate customer demand,
public opinion, and NGO
pressure• Encounter pressure from direct
community, environmental
groups and other stakeholders
Source: UNEP et al., 2006, Design for sustainability - A practical approach
Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 8 CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME
Life Cycle DesignHow to apply
How?
Source: Adapted from ISO and Brezet, H. & Van Hemel, C.
UNEP et al., 2006, Design for sustainability - A practical approach
1. Create team, plan project,SWOT drivers, company goals
2. Product selection
3. Development oflife cycle design strategy
4. Product ideageneration and selection
5. Concepts Development
6. Evaluation and Implementation of product
7. Follow Up
Product Specification
Conceptual Design
Detailed Design
Manufacturing Preparation
Market Launch
Review
Project Plan
Product Idea
Life Cycle Design
Key Life Cycle Aspects
The Final Product
Project
Traditional Design Steps
Life Cycle Design Steps Output of the Process Step
Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 9 CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME
Life Cycle DesignHow to apply
How?
1. Create team, plan project, SWOT drivers, company goals
• Enthusiasm and support of management
• Allocation of financial resources and when to do
2. Product selection
• Selection of a suitable product or sub-assembly
requires a screening through a check-list.
• Consider- reduction in environmental and social impact- market potential- the match between life cycle gains and market potentials- competency of the personnel- anticipated learning effect- available budget- complexity of the product- length of the Life Cycle
Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 10 CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME
Life Cycle DesignHow to apply
How?
3. Development of Life Cycle Design strategy
Source: UNEP et al., 2006, Design for sustainability - A practical approach
Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 11 CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME
Life Cycle DesignWhat is LCD?
What?
4. Product idea generation and selection
• New concept development
• Selection of low impact materials
• Reduction of material usage
• Optimisation of production techniques
• Product structure level
• Reduction of impact during use
• Optimisation of the initial life time
• Optimisation of end-of-life system
Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 12 CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME
Life Cycle DesignHow to apply
Example
Grammer A.G. - Chair manufacturer
Germany
• Developed “Natura” chair to have a life time of 30 years
• Guaranteed take-back and re-use (90% of an old chair) by Grammer without costs to the consumer
• Raw material with environmental properties i.e. wood, naturally tanned leather
• A comprehensive cost model to apply this model:
A share of the revenue is put aside in the form of a re-use budget in the year of the sale.
For financing the re-use and recycling activities, only a moderate increase (2-4%) of the selling price was found to be required.
Source: UNEP Working Group on Sustainable Product Development
Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 13 CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME
Life Cycle DesignHow to apply
Example
Ragbag - Shoulder bags, backing packs, walletsIndia
• Made from recycled plastic bags collected by „rag pickers“• Plastic rags are collected, washed, dried and seperated by colour• Rags get pressed and sewed, no additional chemicals
• Created 50 new jobs in slums of New Delhi• Direct income for the poor• Reuse of „waste“ • Reduction of need of virgin material
Source: UNEP et al., 2006, Design for sustainability - A practical approach
Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 14 CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME
Life Cycle DesignHow to apply
Example
Wai-Tu - Backpack Fiji
The company APM wanted to develop new markets and to improve its environmental commitment/performances by redesigning abackpack.
Actions taken:• Replacing the polyester fabric by a non-
dyed cotton fabric without any treatment• Reduction of the mass of plastic used in the
packaging of 97%• Improvement of the safety in the factory • Reduction of the electricity used by the air
compressor of 50% • Increase of the amount of paper recycled
by 30%
Mathieux, F. et. al.,Sustainability and adapted product ecodesign
in Small Island Developing States of the South Pacific.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 15 CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME
Life Cycle DesignWhat is LCD?
What?
4. Concepts development
Filter the options through the criteria of technical and financial feasibility, market opportunities and expected environmental and social profit and the most favourable ones are selected.
5. Evaluation and implementation of product
6. Follow Up
Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 16 CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME
Life Cycle Designin a Hungarian paint manufacturer
Case Study
Dunalakk Paint Producing & Servicing Ltd. profile • Location Budapest, Hungary• Personnel 102• Main products Paints and coating materials, and
consulting services• Gross profit HUF 18 million in 1995
1. Minimisation of manufacturing process emissions
2. Reduction in the use of hazardous materials
3. Reduction of chemical emissions during paint application
4. Minimisation of fire hazards in raw material usage
5. Reduction of hazardous waste produced during paint application
Environmentally sound product strategyDunalakk identified the areas to be addressed:
Environmentally sound product strategyDunalakk identified the areas to be addressed:
Source: INEM
Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 17 CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME
Life Cycle Designin a Hungarian paint manufacturer
Case Study
Implementation
• Powder coatings, which produce no chemical emissions during application
• Solvent-free, water-soluble and aqueous dispersion paints, as alternatives to solvent-based paints
• Technologies for reusing paint waste resulting from the application process
Future strategies
• To use environmentally sound product selection as an integral part of Dunalakk’s quality management system
• To work with customers in developing markets for environmentally sound products
Source: INEM
Life Cycle Management Navigator: 11_PR_LCD 18 CSCP, UNEP, WBCSD, WI, InWEnt, UEAP ME
Life Cycle DesignTips for Action!
Tips
• Work on the parts of the product rather than the whole if you have products having short product development time!
• Concentrate on only one component or sub-assembly of the product when you have highly complex products and long-life span.
• There is no single methodology for “Life Cycle Design”!
• Key is to integrate the environmental and social impact consideration process into your usual design process.
• Use simple tools such as life-cycle mapping or matrixes!
• Develop an action plan!