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Criminology

Police Science and Law Enforcement

Police Research and Crime Statistics Organizations in

India: BPR&D and NCRB

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DESCRIPTION OF MODULE

Items Description of Module

Subject Name Criminology

Paper Name Police Science and Law Enforcement

Module Name/Title Police Research and Crime Statistics Organizations in India:

BPR&D and NCRB

Module Id Crim/PSLE/XIII

Objectives

Learning Outcome:

To make the learners understand about the Police Research

and Crime Statistics Organizations in India;

To make the learners understand the structure and

functioning of Police Research and Crime Statistics

Role Name Affiliation

Principal Investigator Prof. G.S. Bajpai Professor/ Registrar, NLU, New Delhi

Co-Principal Investigator

Paper Coordinator Dr. Mithilesh Narayan

Bhatt

Assistant Professor, Sardar Patel

University of Police, Security and

Criminal Justice, Jodhpur

Content Writer/Author Mrs. Sheetal Makhija Assistant Professor, Sardar Patel

University of Police, Security and

Criminal Justice, Jodhpur

Content Reviewer Dr.Deepshikha Agarwal Associate Professor

USLLS, GGS I P University,

Sector 16 C, Dwarka, Delhi

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Organizations in India: BPR&D and NCRB in India;

Prerequisites Police Research and Crime Statistics Organizations in India:

BPR&D and NCRB

Key words Police, Reform, Research, Crime, Prison.

Police Research and Crime Statistics Organizations in India: BPR&D and NCRB

1. Introduction: The Police in India endure with an assortment of authoritative, procedural,

work force and behavioral diseases and oddities. The Indian Police face different

difficulties as to utilitarian self-governance, operational responsibility, centralization of

capacities, and absence of specialization and in-satisfactory pace of modernization. These

are the essential and central requirements for effective working of a police association in

a democratic country. Different endeavors have been made to assess and break down the

components in charge of achieving the essential changes in the police division, and even

concrete and good natured suggestions of different Commissions and Committees are

accessible to realize the imperative upgrades.

Democratization, decentralization, polished methodology, specialization, modernization,

administration introduction and self-sufficiency acknowledgment are a portion of the

techniques, which can empower the Indian Police face and handle the different

difficulties being confronted by them. Endeavors at the individual, authoritative and

legislative levels will must be reasonably planned and actualized in the right soul for

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accomplishing the craved targets in such manner. Police being a non-advancement

division get an inferior treatment in the money related designation. The police department

along these lines ought to be incorporated into the list of "plan" divisions, with the goal

that it might get due need in the budgetary portion for modernizing itself regarding men,

cash, material, machines and techniques. A modernized police organization will get to be

dynamic in their working and fair in their conduct. Endeavors have been made to

distinguish these paradoxes and ailments for advancing remedial measures to evacuate

them.

Different Committees and Commissions, at the State and Central levels, have been set up

every now and then in these connections and Bureau of Police Research and

Development in one among them. Likewise the crime statistics are vital and crucial

inputs for evaluating the personal satisfaction and human rights circumstance in a general

public. In India, crime statistics are produced on the premise of crime records kept up by

various law requirement offices like the police and the legal, at various levels of

legal/administrative jurisdictions under the government arrangement of the nation.

Consequently, as an authoritative by-item, the arrangement of generation of crime

measurements has a long history.

National Crime Records Bureau was set up to gathering and analysis of information on

crime all through the nation. However, police is a State subject under the Indian

constitution, the Central Government through the Ministry of Home Affairs has been

helping and supporting the States in the modernization of the State Police Forces with the

monetary guide and through the constitution of Study Groups, Committees and

development of central associations to help States battle the menace of crime all the more

adequately.

2. Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D): The Bureau of Police Research

and Development (BPR&D) was formed on 28 August 1970 with the aim of the Government of

India for modernizing the police forces. It is highly developed as a comprehensive, consultancy

association. The Government of India competed Resolution No.8/136/68-P.I (Pers.I) dated

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28.08.1970 formally settled the BPR&D under the Ministry of Home Affairs giving another

introduction to the existing Police Research and Advisory Council (1966) for the accompanying

reasons and with the essential goal of modernization of police force:

to take direct and dynamic enthusiasm for the issues;

to advance a rapid and systematic study of the police issues;

To apply science and technology in the strategies and procedures followed by

police.

Likewise and as an optional, the Resolution ordered a consultative part additionally for the

Bureau.

The Bureau was built up with the accompanying two divisions at first with a well laid out

charter of obligations

Research, Statistics and Publication;

Development.

Training is a fundamental and developing prerequisite to enhance the competency of

police force in the nation. The Gore-Committee (1971) set up by the Government of India

contemplated the training parts of police and gave a few suggestions. The legislature of

India in tolerating its suggestions made a Training Division (1973) notwithstanding the

two divisions officially existing to work under the Bureau.

The forensic science administrations uncompromising and Geese under the Development

Division became over a period and a different Directorate of Forensic Sciences under the

BPR&D appeared in 1983.

Further in 1995 Government of India chose to depend issues identifying with

Correctional Administration Work to the BPR&D so issues identifying with jail and

usage of considered jail reforms can be taken up by the Bureau in a firm way. This set up

is working out of the current manpower assets.

Amid the year 2008, the Government of India further chose to make National Police

Mission to be under the official authority of BPR&D in order to change the police

strengths in the nation into convincing device for maintaining the internal security and

deal with the difficulties in future, by providing them with the essential material,

scholarly, organisational and authoritative assets.

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A different division for modernization has been set up inside the domain of BPR&D, for the

concern of modernization of police in India. Modernization Division is in charge of

noteworthy improvement of items/advancements for police application and guarantees

compelling execution/presentation of the current innovation/gadgetry in the Police Forces.

Recognizable proof of developing advancements or start of work on new innovations ought

to be energized so that the Police Forces can be furnished with the best and are skilled to

oppose any risk whether in the street, wilderness or in the lab. The primary ranges can be

delineated as:-

Development, Scientific examination, trial, technologies for conceivable use and

developments of existing products utilized by Police Forces;

Help and guidance Police Forces in their modernization endeavors by making the

most recent examination, improvement, developments, innovation,

items/advances accessible to Police Forces.

The Division holds contact with the national labs, other investigative associations,

establishments, open and private area events in the above fields, synchronization of

modernization modified and energizing indigenous generation of Police structure and

apparatus.

The Modernization Division is required to stay up to date with modernization in the usage of

science and advancement to police work in India and different nations, and focus on new

strategies and approaches with a perception to advance the presentation of suitable hardware

and systems in police work in India to improve its operational skill.

Other than advising the Indian Government, the Modernization Division, if required by the

State Governments, additionally exhorts them on matters falling inside the field of its

operations.

The Modernization Division (earlier Development Division) was set up in 1970. The

Division was enlarged in 2009 with production of extra specialized posts i.e. Essential

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Scientific official, Senior Scientific personal and Senior Scientific Assistants in terms of

Explosives/Ballistics, Weapons, Life Sciences, Building and Design, Electronics, Traffic and

Transport. The Modernization Division is going by Director, an officer rank of the Inspector

General of Police.

The Modernization Division at BPR&D consists of Modernization Wing which is headed by

the officer rank of DIG and other one is Technological Development Wing. The

Technological Development Wing is consisting of the subsequent sub wings: -

Transport and Traffic Wing;

Life Sciences Wing;

Weapon Wing;

Uniform Accouterments Wing;

Building and Design Wing;

Electronics Wing;

Explosive and Ballistics Wing.

Each of the above mentioned Wing is headed by a Principal Scientific Officer.

Beside this, the BPR&D at present consist of four sections that is – Research, Development,

Training and Correctional Administration.

2.1. Research Division: Research division attempts the analysis and investigation of crime

and issues of general nature influencing the police. It likewise incorporates the studies identified

with the issues worried to the policing in India. The distinctive viewpoints and subject secured

for the examination are as following:

Trend and causes of crime.

Enhancing crime-preventive measures, their effectiveness and relationship with crime.

Organizing, strengthening, administration, methods, procedures and techniques of the

police forces and their modernization, police act and manuals.

Improving the methods of investigation, utility, and results by introducing scientific aids

and punishment.

Insufficiency of laws.

Juvenile delinquency.

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Police Uniform, badges, medals, decorations, colors, and flags, police drill, warrant of

procedure etc.

Assistance of Police Research programmes in States and Union Territories, processing

and coordination of research projects, sponsoring extra mutual research.

Work relating to Standing Committee on Police Research.

Police Science Congress & other conferences and seminars relating to study of police

problems.

Involvement in social defence and crime prevention programmes.

Partaking in the work of the United Nations in the field of prevention of crime and

treatment of offenders.

Maintenance of all India statistics of crime.

Statistical analysis of trends of crime.

Documentation relating to Police Science and Criminology.

Publication department is also being set up within the research division for the publication of the

research reports in Indian Police Journal.

2.2. Development Division: Police in democratic country like India need to be reviewed

time to time for better services for the public. The Development division reviews the functioning

of various types of instrument used by the police forces in India and development of new

equipment in the following fields:

Arms and Ammunition

Riot Control Equipment

Traffic Control Equipment

Police Transport

Miscellaneous scientific equipment and scientific aids to investigation

Liaison with the National laboratories, Indian Ordnance Factories, various scientific

organisations and institutions and public and private sector undertakings in the above

fields, coordination of development programmes and stimulating indigenous

production of police equipment.

Application of computer technology in various fields of police work.

Police publicity and police publicity files, police weeks and parades.

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Work related to Police Research & Development Advisory Council and its Standing

Committees, other than on police research.

2.3. Training Division: To develop the police force with the updated equipments, laws,

procedures and all, it is needed to be provided with adequate in-service updating training to the

police personnel. Training division also covers the following tasks in its mandate:

To evaluate from time to time the arrangements for Police training and the needs of the

country in this field in the changing social conditions and the introduction of scientific

techniques in training and in police work and to formulate and coordinate training

policies and programmes in the field of police administration and management.

Central Detective Training Schools, Kolkata, Hyderabad & Chandigarh.

To assess training programmes with a view to securing such standardization and

uniformity in the training arrangements including courses, syllabi and curricula for

various ranks in the States and Union Territories as may be desirable and to suggest

modifications and improvements that may be considered necessary from time to time to

meet new challenges and problems.

To facilitate new refresher, promotion, specialist and orientation courses considered

necessary for the different grades and kinds of police offers.

Work relating to the establishment of the Central Medico Legal Institute and the Central

Traffic Institute.

To plan, in coordination with the police training institutions, standard manuals,

textbooks, pamphlets, lecture notes, case studies, practical exercises and other educative

literature for use in these institutions.

To allocate relevant literature to Inspectors General/DIG (Training) in the States for

circulation to officers in order to familiarize them with training concepts and to

strengthen training consciousness among the higher ranks.

To standardize equipment for training and training aids and to arrange for their

production and supply to the various training institutions.

To generate and maintain a circulating library of films for the use of various police

training institutions.

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To aid in the training of police officers of various ranks at appropriate non-police

institutions inside and outside India.

To arrange the annual Symposium of the Heads of Police Training Institutions and short

Seminars on various aspects of Police training.

To suggest the establishment of new training institutions under the Centre as necessary

from time to time.

To perform as a clearing house for information relating to Syllabi, methods of training,

teaching aids, training programmes and literature on various aspects of police work etc.

from India and abroad.

To help in the development of libraries in the Central and State Police training

institutions.

2.4. Correctional Administration Division: Research and studies of prison department is

also being done by BPR&D, at correctional administration division. This division specially

aims at to:

Examine and study of prison statistics and problems of general nature affecting Prison

Administration.

Incorporation and distribution of relevant information to the States in the field of

Correctional Administration.

Organization of Research Studies conducted by RICAs and other Academic/Research

Institutes in Correctional Administration and to framework the guidelines to conduct

research studies/surveys in consultation with the State Governments.

To evaluate training programmes keeping in view the changing nature of social

conditions, introduction of new scientific techniques and other related aspects.

To prepare uniform Training Module including course, syllabi, curriculum, etc. For

providing training at various levels to the Prison staff in the field of Correctional

Administration.

Publication of reports, newsletters, bulletins and preparation of Audio Visual aids, etc. in

the field of Correctional Administration.

To set up an Advisory Committee to guide the work relating to Correctional

Administration. (Official Website BPR&D)

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3. National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB): Any organization or agency should be capable of

monitoring its own activities. In general terms, management can be characterized as a process of

organizing a set of resources to accomplish established goals and objectives. Effective

management requires information to determine whether the goals and objectives are being

accomplished in a timely and orderly fashion, and whether the resources are being used

efficiently and effectively. The more complex the organization, the greater will be the need for

statistical information, particularly on resources and resource allocation and on cases and

caseloads (MSPI Report). To fulfill these aspects National Crime Records Bureau was set up to

collect, analyze and publication of data/statistics of different crimes, prison statistics and

accidental deaths also. Crime records perform a very important task in the scheme of police

working for prevention and detection of crime. The Indian Police, over the years, have sought to

advance the competence of the crime records systems to fulfill their responsibilities with greater

competence and efficacy.

NCRB is divided into six different division and these are as follows:

3.1. Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS): It is a strategic

scheme formulated in the light of experience of a non-plan scheme namely - Common Integrated

Police Application (CIPA). CCTNS is a Mission Model Project under the National e-Governance

Plan of Govt. of India. CCTNS intend at create a comprehensive and integrated system for

improving the efficiency and effectiveness of policing through assume the principle of e-

Governance and construction of a nationwide networking infrastructure for development of IT-

enabled-state-of-the-art tracking system in the region of 'Investigation of crime and detection of

criminals'. An allotment of Rs. 2000 crores has been made for CCTNS Project. Cabinet

Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has permitted the project on 19.06.2009.

3.2. Training Branch: One of the goal of NCRB is to provide training in IT and Finger

Print Science for capacity building in Police Forces in the country. Training Branch of National

Crime Records Bureau has been striving hard for achieving this objective.

Each year this branch conducts on an average 22 training programmes for Indian Police

Officers. Duration of these courses vary from 3 Days to 1 week. Training in subjects CCTNS,

Advanced Fingerprint Science, Network & e-Security, Coloured Portrait Building System,

Operators Course for Statistical Software Crime in India & ADSI, Operator Course for Prison

Statistics India etc. are conducted. NCRB also conducts the courses on "Train the Trainer" for

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development of training resource persons in Police. Programmes conducted in NCRB are

attended by officers of all ranks including senior IPS officers from States / Union Territories as

well as from Central Police Organizations and have been very well received.

3.3. Statistical Branch: This branch was formed out of the Statistical Section of Bureau

of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) which was one of the four units that were

merged in NCRB at the time of NCRB's creation. Thus, Statistical Branch of NCRB is one of the

founding branches of NCRB. The Branch is headed by Chief Statistical Officer (CSO) who is an

STS level officer belonging to the Indian Statistical Service (ISS). The CSO is assisted by a

Statistical Officer (SO), who is a JTS level officer of ISS, and a Junior Staff Officer (JSO), who

is an officer belonging to the EDP cadre of NCRB. The SO and the JSO guide and supervise the

teams of DPAs, DEOs and other officials working under them. The DPAs and DEOs belong to

the EDP cadre of NCRB.

3.4. Data Centre & Technical Branch: DCT was formed to ensure the regulation of

following listed activities:

To build up, update and maintain a secure National Database on crimes, criminals and

property which will make available informed, accurate and timely information on-line to

all State forces and Central agencies for the purpose of improving day-to-day functioning

in terms of crime detection, crime prevention and maintenance of public order.

To update, maintain and build up a secure database on lost and recovered vehicles and

provide updating facility to all vehicle counters in the country and border check posts.

It provides ‘recovered vehicles’ data for NCRB website from the National Databank of

stolen/recovered automobiles.

To procure necessary IT hardware, software as per requirement of various divisions in

NCRB and monitor their maintenance and performance

To act as a Control Room for the organisation round the clock.

In addition to above this branch also providing data communication facilities

3.5. Central Finger Prints Bureau (CFPB): The Central Finger Print Bureau came into

being in 1955 in Calcutta (now Kolkata) under the administrative control of the Intelligence

Bureau. In 1973 the administrative control was transferred to CBI and it was in July, 1986 that

the CFPB was finally placed under the administrative control of the newly formed National

Crime Records Bureau. At the Central Finger Print Bureau, all the questioned documents

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involving disputed Finger Prints are examined and opinion given regarding their identity or

otherwise. The service is free of charge for all Government agencies and Public Sector

Undertakings. In case of private agencies or individuals, the documents should be routed through

Govt. agencies.

At the Central Finger Print Bureau, all the questioned documents involving disputed

Finger Prints are examined and opinion given regarding their identity or otherwise. The service

is free of charge for all Government agencies and Public Sector Undertakings. In case of private

agencies or individuals, the documents should be routed through Govt. agencies.

3.6. Crime Records Branch (CRB): The main function of this Division is to collect,

compile and disseminate information on Crime, Criminal, Missing persons and Property in

respect of various offences on the basis of monthly returns from State / UT Police authorities.

Data stored is used for co-ordination of lost and recovered property/persons viz. Motor vehicles,

Firearms and Missing Persons. These results are communicated through post/email to the various

District SPs. Also the data bank is used to provide the vehicle verification report to the various

Transport Authorities within Delhi. (Official Website NCRB)

4. Conclusion: Both of the organizations, Bureau of Police Research and Development and

National Crime Records Bureau, has their significance as per their goals, aims mission and

vision. These organizations were formed to enhance the effectiveness of police, improve

professionalism in police and also to update and make police more service oriented in the

democratic country like India. The approaches, practices of crating better policing through

trainings and modules by these organizations are in the developing direction and yet to achieve

more in future.

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