CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) for Schools Texas Crime Prevention Association...

CPTEDCPTED(Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design)(Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design)

forforSchoolsSchools

Texas Crime Prevention AssociationTexas Crime Prevention Association

July 20, 2006July 20, 2006

Dallas, TexasDallas, Texas

Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Steve Garst L.C.C., C.C.P.S.Steve Garst L.C.C., C.C.P.S.

B.B.A. Degree – Sam Houston State UniversityB.B.A. Degree – Sam Houston State University

TCLEOSE Master Peace TCLEOSE Master Peace OfficerOfficer

TCLEOSE Instructor TCLEOSE Instructor CertificationCertification

Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas (LEMIT) Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas (LEMIT) Leadership Command College (LCC) – Class # 41Leadership Command College (LCC) – Class # 41

Certified Crime Prevention SpecialistCertified Crime Prevention Specialist


15 years law enforcement 15 years law enforcement experienceexperience

Former Sergeant and Coordinator of School Safety – Former Sergeant and Coordinator of School Safety – Conroe ISDConroe ISD

Presentation Presentation ObjectivesObjectives

Quickly review CPTED definitions and Quickly review CPTED definitions and conceptsconcepts

Briefly cover importance of core technology - Briefly cover importance of core technology - locks, lights, alarms, cameras, etc. locks, lights, alarms, cameras, etc.

Look at the use of Look at the use of colorscolors in a CPTED in a CPTED contextcontext Look at the use of Look at the use of artworkartwork in a CPTED in a CPTED contextcontext Cover Cover floor plan basicsfloor plan basics and and alternate usagealternate usage methodsmethods Throughout…present realistic CPTED Throughout…present realistic CPTED applications applications useful to YOU.useful to YOU.


Presentation Presentation ObjectivesObjectives

Make you Make you think!think!

Get you used to looking for:Get you used to looking for:

Common solutions in Common solutions in uncommon waysuncommon ways Uncommon solutions in Uncommon solutions in common wayscommon ways

What if? (Everything)What if? (Everything)


CPTED Axiom

ConvenieConveniencence

Kills Kills

SafetySafetySteve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

(Uniformly, fairly, (Uniformly, fairly, consistently)consistently)

……or get rid of the rule!or get rid of the rule!

When the smallest of rules go When the smallest of rules go unenforced, all the rest unenforced, all the rest

become mere suggestions.become mere suggestions.

Steve GarstSteve Garst

Enforce the RulesEnforce the Rules

REMEMBERREMEMBER


Physical Environment Physical Environment …..…..

affectsaffects

Behavior of Behavior of people…..people…..

affectsaffects

Productive use of Productive use of space…..space…..

affectsaffects

Crime/loss preventionCrime/loss prevention

CPTED Emphasis


Definitions

What is Crime PreventionWhat is Crime Prevention?

““The anticipation, recognition, The anticipation, recognition, and appraisal of a crime risk and appraisal of a crime risk and the initiation of action to and the initiation of action to remove or reduce it.”remove or reduce it.”


Proper design and effective Proper design and effective use of the built environment use of the built environment

can lead to a reduction in can lead to a reduction in the incidence and fear of the incidence and fear of

crime and an improvement crime and an improvement in the quality of life.in the quality of life.

Operational Definition

What is Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design?


Four D’s of Crime Prevention

1. 1. DeterDeter the criminal attack the criminal attack

2. 2. DetectDetect the attack the attack

3. 3. DelayDelay the attack the attack

4. 4. DenyDeny access to selected access to selected targetstargets


Four Key Concepts of CPTED

1.) Natural 1.) Natural SurveillanceSurveillance

Place physical features, activities, andPlace physical features, activities, and people in a way that maximizes people in a way that maximizes visibility.visibility.

Public spaces, walks, etc. well Public spaces, walks, etc. well lighted atlighted at nightnight


Obstacles to Natural Obstacles to Natural SurveillanceSurveillance

Solid walls – lack of Solid walls – lack of windowswindows Solid fences - i.e. Solid fences - i.e. brickbrick Low, untrimmed tree Low, untrimmed tree limbslimbs High, untrimmed High, untrimmed shrubsshrubs Inadequate, non-existent, Inadequate, non-existent, poorly poorly maintained maintained lightinglighting


Four Concepts – cont.

2.) Natural Access 2.) Natural Access ControlControl

Physically guiding people coming Physically guiding people coming and going from a space by and going from a space by strategically placing entrances, strategically placing entrances, exits, fences, landscaping and exits, fences, landscaping and lighting.lighting.


Obstacles to Natural Access Obstacles to Natural Access ControlControl

Unsupervised entry or Unsupervised entry or exitexit Unlocked secondary Unlocked secondary entrancesentrances Inadequate or non-existent Inadequate or non-existent alarmed areasalarmed areas Blind hallways or Blind hallways or entrancesentrances


Four Concepts – cont.

3.) Territorial Reinforcement3.) Territorial Reinforcement

Using physical attributes that Using physical attributes that express ownership such as express ownership such as fences, pavement treatment, art, fences, pavement treatment, art, signage, and lighting.signage, and lighting.


Obstacles to TerritorialityObstacles to Territoriality

Poor border definitionPoor border definition

Lack of Lack of signage signage Poor registration and Poor registration and tracking of tracking of visitors visitors

Lack of student and employee Lack of student and employee badgesbadges Failure to consider school Failure to consider school uniformsuniforms


Visibility Issues

Must Must NOTNOT obstruct visibility obstruct visibility

A solid barrier has two negative effects…A solid barrier has two negative effects…

• Provides a shield for unauthorized Provides a shield for unauthorized activityactivity• Prohibits visual inspection of the Prohibits visual inspection of the propertyproperty


Highway

Public Sidewalk

Green Belt

Your Driveway

Your Building Sidewalk

Fence or low landscaping

Your Building

Lighting


Grass, dirt, gravel, other area

Paving or Walk Material Different from Public Walk

Four Concepts – concluded

4.) 4.) MaintenanceMaintenance

Allows for the continued use of Allows for the continued use of space for its intended purposespace for its intended purpose

Serves as additional expression of Serves as additional expression of ownershipownership

Prevents reduction of visibility Prevents reduction of visibility (overgrowth)(overgrowth)


MaintenanMaintenancece

A very important, but often ignored A very important, but often ignored aspect…aspect…

Must be Must be inspectedinspected on a periodic basis to on a periodic basis to determine condition and guard against determine condition and guard against digging, damage, climbing aides, etc. digging, damage, climbing aides, etc.

Locks on gates and other openings in the Locks on gates and other openings in the barrier must be barrier must be inspected periodicallyinspected periodically and and changedchanged at planned intervals at planned intervals

““BROKEN WINDOWS” conceptBROKEN WINDOWS” conceptSteve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Three Lines of Defense

Perimeter Barriers - The first line of defensePerimeter Barriers - The first line of defense

Buildings exterior - Walls, floor and Buildings exterior - Walls, floor and roofroof

Building interiorBuilding interior


Perimeter Barrier… The First Line of Defense

What is a barrier?What is a barrier?

Anything that restricts or obstructsAnything that restricts or obstructs

Can be a psychological Can be a psychological barrierbarrier

Fences LandscapingFences Landscaping

LightingLighting Crime Scene TapeCrime Scene TapeRopeRope


Building Exterior – Second Line of

DefenseConsider principle points of Consider principle points of entryentryDoorsDoors WindoWindo

wswsRoof Roof hatcheshatches

SkylighSkylightstsFloorsFloors Storm Storm

sewerssewersIn other words…. Consider In other words…. Consider not only sides but top and not only sides but top and bottom.bottom.

Concessions made on the first line of Concessions made on the first line of defense should be made up for heredefense should be made up for here

Window air conditionerWindow air conditioner


Interior Controls – Interior Controls – Third Line of Third Line of

DefenseDefenseComplex area and may vary Complex area and may vary considerably from building to buildingconsiderably from building to building

Considerations are:Considerations are:

LocksLocks

Key Key control

controlAlarmAlarmss

CameraCamerass

Metal

Metal

detectors

detectorsType of

Type of

glassglassAccessAccess


Locks and Key ControlLocks and Key Control

Do you know where your keys are?Do you know where your keys are?

When did you last re-key your building?When did you last re-key your building?

Can you swap keyways with those from other Can you swap keyways with those from other campuses?campuses?

Can you swap keyways with those from other Can you swap keyways with those from other districts?districts?

How about mag cards?How about mag cards?

Ease of control – costly up front/cheaper in Ease of control – costly up front/cheaper in the long-run – more useful in lockdowns.the long-run – more useful in lockdowns.


Lights and LightingLights and Lighting

Not just more light, more Not just more light, more effectiveeffective lightlight

Most effective crime prevention toolMost effective crime prevention tool

Choose the right light for it’s Choose the right light for it’s location location and intended purpose and intended purpose – (different – (different lights yield lights yield different lighting and color rendition)different lighting and color rendition)


AlarmsAlarms

First notification of a First notification of a breachbreach Who gets the Who gets the notification?notification? Is the alarm “zoned” for better Is the alarm “zoned” for better coverage?coverage? Is the system maintained, including Is the system maintained, including

preventive maintenance?preventive maintenance?


CamerasCameras

Best way to increase your “eyes”Best way to increase your “eyes”

Most cost effective if wired into new Most cost effective if wired into new building constructionbuilding construction

Should be integrated with alarmsShould be integrated with alarms

Provides proof of illegal or Provides proof of illegal or unauthorized unauthorized activity activity –– (eases (eases prosecution – quiets vocal parents)prosecution – quiets vocal parents)


The Use of Color

Do colors affect people?Do colors affect people? YesYes

If that is true, then can colors be used If that is true, then can colors be used to influence the “effective use” of an to influence the “effective use” of an environment?environment?


……symbolizes heat, fire, blood, passion, love, symbolizes heat, fire, blood, passion, love, warmth, power, excitement and warmth, power, excitement and aggressionaggression

……can elevate blood pressure and can elevate blood pressure and respiratory raterespiratory rate ……emotionally intense and extremely emotionally intense and extremely dominating dominating ……makes people makes people anxiousanxious……can cause people to loose track of can cause people to loose track of time time (Viva Las Vegas) (Viva Las Vegas)

……can be an appetite can be an appetite stimulantstimulant

RedRed


……excessive use can cause eye irritation excessive use can cause eye irritation and can speed metabolismand can speed metabolism

……in moderate amounts can…in moderate amounts can…

……produce sensations of brightness and produce sensations of brightness and warmthwarmth……represent playfulness, light, creativity, represent playfulness, light, creativity, easygoing attitudeeasygoing attitude

……attention getter, but like sunlight… you attention getter, but like sunlight… you want it to be there, but you don’t want it want it to be there, but you don’t want it in your eyes.in your eyes.……most visible of all colors – attention most visible of all colors – attention gettergetter

YellowYellow


..is a universal symbol of nature and ..is a universal symbol of nature and moneymoney……symbolizes life, youth, renewal, symbolizes life, youth, renewal, hopehope……is the easiest color on the eyesis the easiest color on the eyes

……calming effect on nervous systemcalming effect on nervous system

(the Green Room for TV guests)(the Green Room for TV guests)

Dark GreenDark Green -- cool, masculine, -- cool, masculine, conservative, and implies wealth.conservative, and implies wealth.

Emerald GreenEmerald Green -- immortality.-- immortality.

Olive GreenOlive Green -- the color of -- the color of peace.peace.

GreenGreen


Colors can be Colors can be deceivingdeceiving

Colors can take on different Colors can take on different hues depending on location hues depending on location or proximity to other colorsor proximity to other colors

However…However…


Is the color in the center the Is the color in the center the same or different?same or different?


The red center looks different The red center looks different in relation to it’s backgroundin relation to it’s background


The same color will appear different The same color will appear different under various types of lighting.under various types of lighting.


The use of art to The use of art to create…create…


In a hallway, you want In a hallway, you want students to move, not students to move, not

stand and visit.stand and visit.


……but be carefulbut be careful

You may get them You may get them moving faster than you moving faster than you

want!want!Steve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

In the cafeteria, you want In the cafeteria, you want them sitting down eating, them sitting down eating,

so…so…

,,,Create ,,,Create serenity.serenity.


Don’t create motion, Don’t create motion, especially swift motion especially swift motion

like...like...


Animals and motion…do Animals and motion…do you want them moving?you want them moving?


……but not moving too but not moving too fast…fast…


Or…do you want them Or…do you want them passive, sitting…grazing?passive, sitting…grazing?


Be aware of the intent Be aware of the intent and the picture being and the picture being

used. Some differences used. Some differences are very subtle.are very subtle.

PassivPassivee

AggressiAggressiveveSteve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police

Dept.

B O Y ’ S G Y M

Move them with simple Move them with simple arrows…arrows…


Building Floor Plans Building Floor Plans and Furniture and Furniture ArrangementsArrangements

Subtle DifferencesSubtle Differences

andand

Simple ChangesSimple Changes


Principal’s Office

Your Desk

You are here

Your only exit is here

The suddenly hostile 6’5”, 285 lb. parent is here

Or maybe here

How do you get away?


Principal’s Office

Your Desk

Place Yourself Here

Your only exit is here

Place the 6’5”, 285 lb. parent

here. If he gets hostile, you have

an escape.

Or Here

Now, you can get away?


Poor Poor DesignDesignIsolated EntryIsolated Entry

Difficulty HearingDifficulty Hearing

Good Good DesignDesignGood Entry / Good Entry /

AccessAccess

Good HearingGood HearingSteve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

GB GB

BB BB

Office

Commons

AP’s

LIB.


GB GB

BB BB

Office

CommonsAP’s AP’s

LIB.


Reception Desk

Enter Enter

Library

BB

GB

File Cabinets


Reception Desk

EnterEXIT ONLY

Library

BB

GB

File Cabinets


Main Hallway

Receptionist

Bench Bench

Main Entry Doors

Receptionist

Main Hallway

Main Entry DoorsSteve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police

Dept.

Main Hallway

Desk

Main Entry


Student Parking

School

Informal Gathering

Areas


Student Parking

School

Formal Gathering

Areas

Fencing or landscaping

Add Lighting

Add Lighting


Student Parking

Curb Line

Cu

rb

Lin

e


Student Parking

Curb Line

Cu

rb

Lin

e

Fencing or low landscaping

Optional Gate


To/From CafeteriaTo/From Cafeteria

School

Cafeteria

Hallways

1

2

3

Allow 5 minute intervals between passing periods

1

2

3


To/From CafeteriaTo/From Cafeteria

School

Cafeteria

Hallways

In from one hall and out another at the same time


Cafeteria TablesYOU ARE HERE

THE FIGHT

STARTS HERE


Cafeteria Tables

YOU ARE HERE

THE FIGHT

STARTS HERE


YOU ARE HERE

THE FIGHT

STARTS HERE

Cafeteria Tables


(Un)safe Activities and/or (Un)safe (Un)safe Activities and/or (Un)safe PlacesPlaces

Main Street

School Building

Student Parking

Faculty,/Visitor Parking

Band and cheerleader practice in

student lot after school.

Activity is hidden.



Main Street

School Building

Student Parking


Move band and cheerleader practice to faculty lot.

Activity is in view of others.



Main Street

School Building

Student Parking


After hour parking for away athletic events. Lots of car burglaries or criminal mischief.

Driver’s Education

Training after school

Driveway



School Building

Student Parking


Move Driver’s Ed to back. Coming

and going will help watch

activity.

Place after-hour parking in front

Driveway

Main StreetSteve Garst L.C.C./C.C.P.S Little Elm Police Dept.

Where Do Recruiters Go?

Main Building

Cafeteria

Hallway

Hallway


Reasons to Consider Reasons to Consider CPTED Analysis by an CPTED Analysis by an Outside ProfessionalOutside Professional

They are accustomed to looking for They are accustomed to looking for CPTED CPTED related risk factors and related risk factors and weaknessesweaknesses They look at the location with fresh They look at the location with fresh eyeseyes They are not beholden to local politics They are not beholden to local politics or or hidden agendashidden agendas


CPTED Analysis ToolsCPTED Analysis Tools

Analysis of the neighborhood, including Analysis of the neighborhood, including crime mapping statistics of times and crime mapping statistics of times and occurrences.occurrences.

Analysis of the school Analysis of the school groundsgrounds

Analysis of all school Analysis of all school buildingsbuildings

Survey of students, staff and on Survey of students, staff and on occasion, parents, visitors and occasion, parents, visitors and neighborsneighbors


Does CPTED Really Work?Does CPTED Really Work?

It does for McDonalds.It does for McDonalds.

Do you think the design of those slippery Do you think the design of those slippery seats, drive-thru windows, cueing lines, seats, drive-thru windows, cueing lines, etc. was accidental?etc. was accidental?

It does for Houston It does for Houston Metro.Metro.Used for all their Used for all their

stopsstopsConcrete barrier effective Concrete barrier effective useuseThe high grass and lost objects The high grass and lost objects foundfound


THANK YOUTHANK YOU


Steve Garst, Steve Garst, L.C.C./C.C.P.S.L.C.C./C.C.P.S.Little Elm Police DepartmentLittle Elm Police Department

100 W. Eldorado Parkway100 W. Eldorado Parkway

Little Elm, Texas Little Elm, Texas 7506875068


(214) 975-0460(214) 975-0460

[email protected]

OrOr

[email protected]@littleelm.org

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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