Copyright by Mahidol Universitymulinet11.li.mahidol.ac.th/e-thesis/scan/3936195.pdfFac. of...

I I APR 2002

TTIE INTENTION TO PROMOTE AI\D DEVELOP TT{E AGING

OF TITE MEMBERS OF TAMBON ADMIIYISTRATTVE ORGAITIIZATION :

A CASE STT]DY IN PHITSATIIJLOK PROVINCE

CHATCHATYAKARN SUKNARIN=,

With complimentsof

rirufi sri m m du uu'ri yr ut niu rufi pr n................1...........aar.............a.at1f r1r,r,

A TIIESIS SI]BMITTED IN PARTIAL FT]LF'ILLMENT

oF THE REQUIREMENTS X'OR

TIIE DEGREE OF MASTER OF'EDUCATION

(POPULATTON EDUCATTON)

FACT]LTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES

MAIIIDOL UNTVtrRSITY

2001

rsBN 974-04-1206-8

COPYRIGHT OF MAHIDOL I]NIVERSITY]H \

C $ta t,z0 01

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Copyright by Mahidol University

l

Thesisentitled

TIIE INTENTION TO PR.OMOTE AND DE\{ELOP THE AGING

OF THE MEMBERS OF TAMBON ADMIMSTRATI\{E ORGA}TIZATION:

A CASE STI'DY IN PIIITSAMJLOK PROVINCE

(w4..:....

trdr.Chatchaiyakarn SuknarinCandidate

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TEJ,rdwl"""'r""r""" l)r- 0b

Asst Prof, Praphaphan Un-ob,Ed.D.Major-Advisor

Al /( {lzwawr Ihh&t'

Assoc. Prof. Nawarat Phiainoi,Ed.D.Co-AdviSor

a:\-- /r- !p. - ,LLe-aC/'L^u-. ^'

Lect Trakul Meechai.M.A.Co-Advisor-

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n/1 /,4'-J ,L-----

. Prof, Liangchai Limlomwongse-, Ph.D.

Deantranslgy of Graduate Studiesa

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$.1',t rr,1 l/"(atho t

Assoc. Prof. Supavan PhlainoiChairMaster of Education Progranmein Population EducationFaculty of Sociai Sciences andHumannities


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Thesis

. entifled

THE INTENTION TO PROMOTE AI\D DE\{ELOP TIIE AGING

OF THE MEMBERS OF TAMBON ADMIMSTRATTVE ORGANIZATION:

A CASE STUDYIN PHITSAIIIULOK PROVINCE

rffas submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies, MahidolUniversityfor the degree of Master ofEducation @opulation Education)

onDecember.2T 2001

Mr.Chatchaiyakarn SuknarinCandidate

-dr,

Asst. Prof. Praphapha Un-ob, Ed.D.Chair

{yhrwr*l ylv6oV,

Assoc. Prof. Nawarat Phlainoi, Ed.D.Member

l

I

Prof. Liangchai Limlomvirongse,Ph.D.DeanFaculty of graduate StudiesMahidol University

)

Y -Lc-<.e ^-,'Lect- Trakul Meechai, M.A.Member

Ph.D.DeanFaculty of Social Sciences and HumanitiesMahidol University


aAETQTK}WLSI'GEMENT

This thesis has been completed with special kind of Assistant

Professor Eh.Praphaphan Urcb, Aswiate Professor Dr.Nawarat Phlainoi,

Associate profesmr Dr.Yottrin $awanddee, Lectural Trakul Meechai who gave

me the great advisory and willpower as rrell as reco{nmerdatiorn that I hereby

hiehly appreciate this.

I have to gine special thank to Mr.Boonlert Leemtongkul, head of

Phitsanuffi provincial public hcalth officer, Miss Walaiporn Ditchaiwong head

of department ofheal& poliey ard planning Mr.Monlad Phettarasretsrenee and

the other in my office who gave me the opportunity for this ducatiron.

I would like to thank all professors in Edtreation deparhrent for thir

kind and invaluable during I have sftrdied in &is faculty and all friends in

generation 2l n helping especially for Miss. Peerantrch Suwannarat and Miss.

Duangnr&ai Bhuaduand who give a consult in analysis.

Last I need to thenk to rny mottt€r Mrs.Bangorn $ulmariq my wife

Mrs.Ratsamee Suknarin ard my daughter who gave me the willpower and

edtrcation fund mtil strcceed in this edtrcatiein.

)

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Chatchaiyakarn Stdmarin


Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. Thesis / iv

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3936195 SHPEA{ : MAIOR: POPULATION EDUCATION;M.Ed. (POPULATION EDUCATION)

KEY WORDS : TNTENTION, AGING DEVELOPMENT, TTIE

MEMBERS OF TAMBON ADMINISTRATIVEORGA}{IZATION

CHATCHAIYAKARN SUKNARIN : TIIE INTENTION TO PROMOTE

A}.{D DEVELOP TTIE AGING OF TIIE MEMBERS OF TAMBONADMINISTRATTVE ORGANIZATION : A CASE STIJDY IN PHITSANULOKPROVINCE. THESIS ADVISORES: PRAPHAPHAN UN.OB, Ed.D., NAWARATPHLAINOI, Ed.D., TRAKUL MEECHAI, M.A., YOTHIN SAWANIGDEE, Ph.D.

170 p. ISBN 974-04-1206-8

The purpose of this research was to study the level and factors associated

with aging development of the members of Tambon Administative Organization inPhitsanulok Province. Through this work ooaging" refers to aging-awareness" in term ofperception, promotion, education, information and empowennent. Data was collectedusing questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The sample of 408 members of Tambon

Administrative Organization were given questionnaires and 5 members, 2 deputies the

of Tambon Administative Organization and 3 older members participated in the in-depth interviews. Data was aralyzed using descriptive statistics to find the relationshipby Percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson product momentcorrelation and Mutiple regression analysis. The qualitative data was analyzed bycontent analysis.

The results reveal that the intention of the members of Tambon'sAdministrative Organization to develop agrng sfiategies is at the middle level with36.3% of variance. The attitude to aging development and the perception in agingexpectation show the highest relationship in a positive direction, otherwise experienceand income factors are related in a negative direction. The biggest problem foundduring the course of implementation were to do with the perception of a real aglngproblems and real agrng potential into both the members of Tambon adminisfrativeorganization, aging and their families, and additionally, the lack of knowledge formanimum useful agrng development

Based on the research results, it is suggested that intention to agingdeveloping awareness and aging promotion should be used to increase the attitude andperceptions in aging expectations by providing education, aging information and agingempowennent in civil society procedure. Related human resources and organizationsshould integrate and sympathize with agtng development planning.

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ.

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Thesis / v

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INTENTION TO PROMOTE AND DEVELOP TIM AGING OF TIIE MEMBERS OF TAMBON

ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANZATION: A CASE STIJDY IN PHITSANULOK PROVINCE)

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run v :"l u h 6'u rfi o n'r r ru rfl u ro n n r n t u n r : ffq d r u Fr u rfrvl u r fr q.r o r q*Copyright by Mahidol University

CONTENTS

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iv

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT @nglish)

ABSTRACT (Thai)

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGTJRE

CHAPTER

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I INTRODUCTION

l. Rational

2. Objectives of research

3. Research question

4. Hypothesis

5. Scope of the research

6. Operation definitions

7. Benefit of research

e8. The conceptual framework

LITERTT'RE REVIEW

1. Definitions and concepts relate to the intention

in the elderly development

Body of knowledge about Tambon Administrative Organization

The significance ofvariables and relevant researches

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2.

3.

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CONTENTS (cont.)

CHAPTER

ilI RESEARCIIMETHODOLOGY

1. The quantitative research

2. The qualitative research

IV RESULTS

1. The results of quantitative research

2. The results of qualitative research

V DISCUSSIONS

l. Intention to promote and develop aging

2. The factors that related with the intention

of aging development

3. The factors that not related

with the intention of aging development

VI CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion

Recommendation from this research

Recommendation to the next research

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BIBLIOGRAPI{Y

APPEI\DX

Questionnaire

BIOGRAPITY Copyright by Mahidol University

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

I Tambon Administrative Organization classification 29

2 Conclusion of independent variables from concept, theory and relate researches 40

3 Numbers of samples divided by district 44

4 Numbers and percentage of the sample divided by general characteristics58

5 Numbers and percentage of the attitude to promote and develop

the aging divided by level 60

6 Attitude to promote and develop to the aging divided by items 6l

7 Numbers and percentage of role perception to promote and develop the aging

divided by level 64

8 Percentage of role perception to promote and develop the agrng divided by 64

items

9 Numbers and percentage of the aging information perception 66

l0 Type of the media of aging information 67

1l Numbers and percentage of religious education and practices 67

12 Percentage of the religious education and practices 68

13 Numbers and percentage of the suggestion of promote and develop the aging 69

14 Percentage of the suggestion to promote and develop aging divided by items 70

l5 Numbers and percentage of experience to promoted and develop aglng 7l

16 Percentage of the experience to promote and develop aging divided by items 72

l7 Numbers and percentage of the perception in aging developed expectation 75

18 Percentage of the perception in aging develop expectation divided by items 75

l9 Numbers and percentage of the level intention to promote and develop aging 77

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LIST OF TABLE (cont.)

I rable

20 Percentage of intention to promote and develop aging divided by items 78

2l The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) ofstudy variables by presented 83

correlation mefic model variables in the research

22.T\e stepwise multiple regression analysis in independence variable that 85

relationship with the intention to promote and develop aging.

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LIST OX'F'IGI]RES

I Figure Page

12I The conceptual framework

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Fac. of Grad. Studies. Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / I

CIIAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1. Rational

The aged are the people who are 60 years old and over. They are the last age

group in population. Issues dealing with the elderly of the population are remarkable

and current today. This is the result of development in medical and health technology,

which has increased peoples average age, especially people in the Asian region who

have had a more rapid rate than America and the European region. Thailand's increase

in terms of aging is more rapid than the developed countries.

At the same time as the national population policy in 1970 emphasized

family planning strategies which made a rapid decrease in fertility in Thailand, There

was a high and rapid increasing to the amount and portion of the aged. There was an

increase from 4.6 % n 1960 ta 9.2Yo in 2000 (Ministry of Public Health & Khonlhan

University, 2000: 99-100), and this is expected to increase from 10.3% (6.7 million)

to l3.4Yo (13.4 million) in 2006 and 2016 n sequence (Human Resource Planning

Division, National Economic & Social Development Board, 1995 cited by lnstitution

of Aging Medicine, Depaffirent of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, 1998:

1).

Aging awareness must be changed in body, mind and society. @bersol,

1981 cited by Chaweewan Jantara! 1997: 4044; Laksamee Boontam, 1996: 16-17)

the biology aging may change the degenerate in the body cell, by the Wear and

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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin lntroduction / 2

Tear theory. As the Immunological Theory indicated that the aging body will be able

to makes less immune, and destroy themselves. It makes the body immune to less

diseases, the degenerate in the body made the aging more prone to sickness and more

violence, and become to deforrred and died.

Not only the hard life from their degenerate body, mind and social factors,

otherwise the society and environment condition by the national development would

make the stnrcnral violence. Because of the unequal in distibute an income, a social

welfare, a life and property secrnity between the nual and urban. (Prawes Wasee,

1996: 92) the development procedure push 'the

disadvantage human to be

marginalized, especially the human who lives in rural and so far from the center of

development must be more handicapped in social. The reason for the increase income

by the rich and the poor, in the year 2000 the rich has 20 % higher has income in 51.0

o/o of GDP, 20 % poorest has income in 5.5% of GDP, as the Bangkok human was

income distibution in 40-50 %. (National Economic & Social Development Board,

2000:l)

The development structure was changed from the agriculfirist social to be

the industial, and brought the new technology that makes the yor.rng generation

migrate to the urban area. The new generations has not received the body of

knowledge and the experience from the aging, and cause less respect to aging. As the

changing of extended families to more nuclear families, made the new generation less

aging in the past. Otherwise the migration always abandon their children to the aglng

responsibility, it cause the weakness the family institutiorq and makes more effect to

the health and the mind of the aging. (Kamnuansilpa, et al., nd. cited by Ministry of

Health & KhonlJran University,2000: 106-107)

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, MahidolUniv. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 3

These several things were more effected to the aging life in social welfare.

the aging will have limits to survive by themselves and depend on the family and the

social welfare more than the past. The development and the social construction

changes in rural areas, as the main factors same time as capitalism and consumerism

trends that makes the money is the vital factor to stay alive. Thai people intend to seek

income and luxury, and don't behave morally and selfish and don't follow the rule. By

this it destroy the way of life and Thai value, and makes the rural area more poor, it

break down and create more unemployment. The people in rural area can not help

themselves and can not depend on other communities.

The development makes violence effected to agrng groups, because they

were handicapped and limited by the physical, biological and cultmal factors,

therefore they will have more difficult stand al-ive, and may become more dependent

on the family and the other social factors. For this reason it must be able to help,

support and develop them to be able to live by themselves, because the human is the

most essential capital economic for the sustain development. (Teanchai Keeranant4

1991: 12) Because a human who acts and receives the effect of the development, the

capable and intelligence human is the most essential factors to social development.

Such as the aging development, that has tend to income more problems. Otherwise

this may effected the abandoning the aging development and of retard the national

development for this reason. .

The aging problem just action not make touble for the aging, the increase of

the amount and proportion of the aging bring to change,the age structure and effect to

national development" it makes complexity to economy, social, cultural, technology,

region, and political. (Sharma, 1991 cited by Chaweewan Jantarat, 1997 2; Watinee

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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Introduction / 4

Boonchalaksee & Yupin Worasiriamorn, nd.: 332) It may makes the nation

disadvantage in economy base because the increase of an agrng population. The aging

does less work and prone to sickness because of the degenerate of the body. Thus the

government must contribute more budget to manage the aging health care welfare.

If the society hasn't interest in aging problem, it will be affected to the

national socio-economic development because the aging trend is in increasing both

the numerous and proportion added more trouble. Abandoned of agrng potential

development affected to more aging dependent and a retard the national development

in the futtre.

Phitsanulok Provincial Health Office (1999:1) sr:rvey reveals that the whole

population are amount 620,791. There was amount 55,655 (8.98 %) of aging, amount

244,010 (39.31%) of children and youths (under 24), and amount 321,126 (51.13%) of

25-29 ages. That is a aging status if calculated by aged - child ratio (amor.rnt 39.38%)

(Teanchai keeranant4 1985: 135), and amount 8,815 older, 1,984 orphans, 3,859

widows and 3,603 deforms must be helped. @hisanulok Provincial Social Welfare

Office,25aA: l)

Phitsanulok Provincial Social Welfare Office was surveyed to seek the

target to give helped reveal that there were amount 51,919 of older, and found the

older who were not looked after by the family amount 7,834 (15.08%), these aren't

added with the amount of an aging who are poor. Addition found that there were

amount 23,791 of the children whose were not living with their parents. So from

several researches found that the migration labors in the rural areas often abandon

their children to duties of the older. According this base summary may mean that the

older in Phisanulok Province has trend to more touble, and nowadays the national

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Fac. of Grad. Studies. MahidolUniv. M.Ed. @opulation Education) / 5

economy is declining. So the aging development by their family and govemment or

non-government organization may be more trouble because the low budget in the

future.

For efficiency to develop the aging for good quality of life, it must have the

sympathy from an agrng, their family and commune Organization. Because of the

Tambon Administrative Organization is a local govemment that provide to manage the

local development, that Ministry of interior establish by de-centralize concep! and

because the members of Tambon Administrative Organizatron are closely to the

people in areas, and were elected by the people in community, so they will have more

perception to solve trouble and needed of people. As the law was provide to a juristic

organizatio& t\us the Tambon Administative Organization will have the authorities

and the freedom to works, and have income to manage their local development

project, and additionally having a local officer for consults. Thus in the future Tambon

Adminisfrative Organization had better to role and expected in social development,

and until June 2000, the Minis0ry of lnterior had already raised amount of 6,745

Tambon Council to Tarnbon Administrative Organization, and there are remain 214

Tambon Council to raise coverage in the futtre. @eparfinent of Provincial

Administation, 2544: l)

Tambon Administrative Organiz-ation have several roles in law to raise

people's qualrty of life in whole economy, soiial and political sectors, but the concept

of development in social and economy plan was to expect to develop in capital

economic sector especially. In addition with the current of consumerism that spread

with the globalization, makes the development in the past to emphasize an develop

infra-structure for support economic sector, thus Thai people were implanted to

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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Introduction / 6

practice by this concept along time. Thus as the practice of the Tambon council or the

Tambon Administrative Organization in the past always emphasize how to plan infra

structure and construct a stee! public utility, as not often found the activity for the

poor and disadvantage development. (Luecha Wanaratna, nd. cited by Bureau of

Health Policy and Planning, Ministry of Public Health, 1996,20-21; Sompan Dhecha-

atik, et al., nd.: 5; Trakul Meechai, 1997:3)

The aging development is the role of the several organizations in directly or

indirectly, such as the Bureau of Social Welfare has role to make the aging welfare

such as support the money to survive the aging, give the house or the place for the

aged to live. Health Ministry has a role to look after the health aged. Thus it is not

unity to solve and develop the agng, and in the next future the government must

decennalize and transfer this role to be the Tambon Adminisfiative Organization role.

Thus it should study a concept to develop aging community of Tambon Administrafive

Organization, because if the members of Tanrbon Adminisfrative Organization don't

consider to aging developmen! the aging fouble may be retarded to the national

development in the futue.

For these reason the researcher interests to study the level and the factors

that related to the intention of promotion and developing the aging of the members of

Tambon Administrative organtzaton. For the relevant organization apply the result of

research to activate the members have more interest and intention to develop and

support the aging, as for the qualrty of life of the aging and the furthermore

effectiveness to the national development.

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 7

2. Objectives of research

L Study the level of intention to promote and develop the aging of the

member of Tambon Administrative organization in Phisanulok province.

2. Study the factors that relevant to the intention to promote and develop

aging of the member of Tambon Administrative Organization in Phisanulok province.

3. Research questions

1. How the level of intention to promote and develop aging of the member

of Tambon Administrative Organrzation in Phisanulok Province.

2. How the relationship as the independent variable as age, sex, educated

level, occupation, income, status, the period time in stafus, role perception,

information perception, practiced and educated in religion, suggested to promote and

develop aging, experience in promote and develop the aging, expected to developed

and supported of the aging and attitude to the intention to promote and develop agtng

of the member of Tambon Administrative Organization.

4. Hypothesis

This research was reference on the relevant concept, theory and research to

set research assumption, for test the result that how relate to assumption as:

l. Attitude related on positive direction with the intention to promote and

develop aging.

2. Age related on positive direction with the intention to promote and

develop aging.

3. The female has more intention of aging promoting and developing than

male.

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Chatchaiyakarn S uknarin Introduction / 8

4. The members of Tambon Administrative Organization who educated over

o than the primary school intent to develop the aging more than the member who

educated in primary school.

5. The members of Tambon Administrative Organization who occupied in

agriculturist intents to promote and develop aging more than the other occupation.

6. The members of Tambon Administative Organization's income related

on positive direction with the intention to promote and develop aging.

7. The members of Tambon Administrative Organization committee intent

to develop the aging more than the members of Tambon Administrative Organization

a council.

8. The period of time on status of the member of Tarrbon Adminisfiative

Organization related on positive direction with the intention to promote and develop

aging in community.

9. Role perception related on positive direction with the intention to

promote and develop aging in community.

10. Information perception related on positive direction with the intention to

I promote and develop agrng in community.

I l.The education and practices in religion related on positive direction with

the intention to promote and develop a$ng in community.

12. The suggestion to promote and develop aging related on positive

direction with the intention to promote and develop aging in community.

13. The experience to promote and develop aging related on positive

a direction with the intention to promote and develop agrng in commurity.


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Fac. of Grad. Studies. Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 9

14. The aging expected perception related on positive direction with the

intention to promote and develop aging in community.

5. Scope ofthe research

1. The research studies the intention to promote and develop the aging of the

member of Tambon Administrative organi zation in phisanulok province.

2. The sample of research is the members of Tambon Administrative

Or garuzafion in Phisanulok province.

3. The variables in this research are

3.1 independent variable are d1e, sex, educated level, occupation,

income, stafus, the period time in stafus, role perception, information perception,

practiced and educated in religion, suggested to promote and develop aging,

experience in promote and develop the agrng, expected perception to developed and

supported of the aging and attitude to the intention to promote and develop aging.

3.2 dependent variable is intention to promote and develop the aging.

6. Operation definitions

Intention to promote and develop the aging is meaning to the mind, the

thought that reveals to intent to promote and develop the agrng in community of the

member of Tambon Administrative organi zationin phisanulok province.

Aging is meaning to the person who is over than 60 years.

Tarnbon Administrative Organization is meaning to the organization that

provide by the organic law on Tambon council and Tambon Administuative

Organization. (1994)

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The members of Tambon Administrative organization is meaning to the

member of Tambon Administrative organization, the members of Administrative

board, and the chair of Administrative Board.

Occupation is meaning to the occupation that made basis income to the

member of Tambon Administrative Organi zation.

Income is meaning to the amount of all income that get from basis

occupation, extra occupation and added income of the member of Tambon

Administrative Organization.

Status is meaning to the status in Tambon Adminisrative Organization, in

this research divided to 2 groups uu groups of Administrative Board and groups of the

member of rambon Administrative organization council.

Period of Time in status is meaning to the period of time in status of a

member of Tambon Administative Organization.

. Education level is meaning to the highest education of the member of

Tambon Administative Organization.

Attitude to promote and develop aging goup is meaning to the reveal of

thinking and believed in promote and develop aging goup of a member of Tambon


Role perception is meaning to the perception in promote and develop agng

role of a member of Tambon Adminishative organization.

lnformation perception mean to the perception in aging information of a

member of Tambon Administrative Organization, as infonnation of aglng trouble,

information of promoting and developing aging, the information can receive from a

mass as television, radio, newspaper, a book and general human.

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The educated and practiced in religion mean to the habitual behavior that

revealed in educated and practiced in religion as reading in philosophy of religion or

practice in activity of religion.

The suggestion to promote and develop aging mean suggesting from other

people to promote and develop aging.

The experience to promote and develop aglng mean to experience to

promote and develop aging.

The role expectation to promote and develop from aging mean to the

awureness in promotion and development expectation from the aging.

7. Benefit of research

1. To know new body of knowledge in the intention level to promote and

develop aging of the members of Tambon Administrative Organization in Phitsanulok

province.

2. To know the factors that relate to the intention to promote and develop

aglng of the members of Tambon Administative Organization in Phisanulok.

3. To know the factors those have trouble to promote and develop aging of

members of Tambon Administative Organization.

4. The research iesult can.apply to implant the member of Tarnbon

Administative Organization other Organizations intent to promote and develop the

other population.

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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin

8. The conceptual framework

Independent variables

1. Age

2. Sex

3. Education level

4. Occupation

5. Income

6. Status

7. Period time in status

8. Atritude

9. Role perception

I 0. Information perception

I l. Educated and practiced in

religion

12. Suggestion to promote and

develop aging.

13. Experience to promote and

develop aging.

14. The aging expectation

perception

Introduction / 12

Dependent variables

Intention to promote and

develop the aging.

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. Figure 1 Conceptual framework


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CHAPTER II

LITERATT]RE REVIEW

The research intends to promote and develop the elderly through a case study

of the members of Tambon Administrative Organization in Phitsanulok Province. The

researcher has studied and collected the relevant theory, including relevant research to

comply with the study guidelines as follows:

1. Definitions, concepts and theories.

1.1 Definition and concepts of intention.

L.2 Atheory of reason action.

1.3 The multiple factors theory of decision making and society action

1.4 The concept of the religion and elderly development.

1.5 The body of knowledge of the elderly.

2. The knowledge and concep about Tambon Adminisrative Organization.

3. The significance of variables and relevant research.

1. De{initions and concepts related to intention in elderly development

1.1 Delinition and conceptual of intention.

The National Dictionary defines oointention" as paying attention to something.

According to Payorm Ingkatanuwat (1982 cited by Pharintorn Nimchieng,

1999: 15) ; intention is a concentration on explicit goals of pleasure.

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Chatchaivakarn Suknarin Literature Review / 14

According to Nuallaor Supapol (1984: r88); intention is the aim at

understanding in people's personalities rather than seeking the past. It is the person's

attention to create a desirable future.

According to Webster (1968 cited by Nongluck Chaetpukdeejit, 1998: 49);

intention is the outward manifestation of people's thought, feeling and spirit that

involves sustained and explicit goals.

The certain direction of the mind to a destination is a certain want to intend a

special thing from appropriate convention.

The intention of anything is the last goal or ultimate goal of the people.

According to Ajzen & Fishbein (1980 cited by Nongluck Chaetpukdeejit,

1998: 49), intention is nearly the behavior, the behavior was controlled by the intention,

measuring must consider harmony among the intention, behavior and sustained of

intention.

According to Ajzen & Fishbein (1985: 11 - 39); intention to action is a

thougbt in the person's mind, making decision for behavior.

The definitions and concepts of intention conclude that, the intention is a

person thought to choose or act out a behavior, so that intention in elderly development

of the community means the thought of the Tambon Administrative Organization's

members to develop and promote the elderly.

1.2 Atheory of reason action.

The theory of reason action is used to study about human behaviors,

a involving behavioral intention, According to this theory, the assumption is that human

behaviors depends upon perfonnance intention by using rationale and information. The

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man will consider the outputs of that performance before decide to do or not. The

considerations of a behavioral intention measurement are:

1. The same direction of 4 specific behaviors; the action goal, context and

time.

2. Stability of intention, an intention can be changed all the time, if the

measure uses a long time. it chance to interfere with the event. It may varS' and

decreases accuracy to predict intention, so the time that measures the intention and

behavior should be continuously and take the least.

lntention in action depends upon 2 components as follow:

1. Attitude toward the behavioral is the component involving behavioral

belief assessment.

2. Subject nonn about action.

According to the theory action, the influence of two behavioral actions

depends on the difference of individual, Ajzen & Fishbein (1980: 8-9) called them

extemal variables. These variables generally fall in 3 categories as follows:

1. Personality characteristics ofeach person.

2. Demographic variables such as sex, age,race, society class.

3. Other components such as society role, socialization, intelligence, and

kinship pattern

From the theory of reason action, it can be concluded that, how the person

behaves, depends on attitudes toward the behavior. Subject nonns influence the person

tends in their groups and the factors such as sex, age, society class, society role,

socialization and intelligence. The intention in the elderly development of the Tambon

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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Literature Review / 16

Administrative Organization depends on these factors and becomes to important issue

for the research.

Liska (1984: 6l-74) stated socio-physiological factors adjusted the behavioral

predicted form by the theory of reason, in addition to the variables in the theory of

reason. The variables to predict the behavior, as biological and sociological variables

and individual personality, status of economic and society, and totality with other

environments. The attitude and subject norm not only passes the intention to behave, it

directly affects behavior, and the exterior factors effectively predict behavior by the

attitude and subjective norns, the totality passes the'intention to behave.

Liska's behavioral prediction form indicate that the interior variables related

to intention of behavior are the attitudes to behavior, as in this research meaning the

anitude to promote and develop the elderly. The subjective nonn in this research means

percepions in subjective nonn from the related gloups, perceptions to promote and

develop elderly roles and the agteement to persuade promoting and developing the

elderly. The other external variables are related to intention to behave too, such as

characteristics of the individual, society and economic su*tus, environmental, sex, age,

class and status in societY.

1.3 The multiple factors theory of decision making and society action

The multiple factor theory of decision making and society action, the socio-

physiological theory of William W. Reeder (1971 cited by Chaweewan Jantarat 1998:

4g-Sl), the principle of reason in decision making of the person puts together several

factors, such as "the group of believes and disbelieves" or "reasonable to decision

making". He explained the person's decision making not only depends on 1 factor but is

put together with the several factors to support decision making, and each decision

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making mav be changed by each person in each contexl the group of reasons can be put

together as pull, push and able factors:

Pull factors

1. A Goal is activitr'. subjective, characteristics believed knowledge or

desirable being of a person, the researcher reduces attitudes to goals, as the elderll'

development.

2. A Belief Orientation is the perception or understanding of each a

person or a group to something; the researcher reduces to elderly information

perception.

3. A Value is the belief that the thing must be, the thing as the human

perception that the mind sustains, attitudes, beliefs, characteristics of the job, being a

condition that the actor believes the behavior is able accept and will be accepted by

society.

4. Habits and Customs are the behavior models that the society as

assigned traditions or as norm, that cannot be violated, as they are not accepted by

sociery.

Push factors

5. Fscpectatiorz is human perception that a person, goups or the society

wants them to believe, think or act.

6. Commitment is the thing that the actor believes; he must act for

harmony with the context, because he has a commifinent. In this term the researcher

determines if the member of Tambon Administrative Organization has commitment to

develop and support the elderly, and apply the perception in elderly development role.

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7. Force is a human belief that he was forced to decide or forced to act

by other persons or groups. The researcher applies this as the suggestion to develop and

support the elderly.

Able factors

8. Opportunity is the situation, a limit or the chance for the actor to

select. Opportunity influences to human decisions and acts the actor always makes

decisions for society acts under the opportunity of the situation.

9. Ability is the perception of ability to do something, the actor must

making the decision to act, if the actor perceives that he has absolute ability to act, in

general the actor must consider to the ability to act before behaving.

I0. Support is support or dispute from others, and the actor must select

these supports or disputes.

These theories, the researcher has applied as the members of the Tambon

Administation Organization must have intent and decision making on the group of

factors, Such as attitudes to promote and develop the elderly, perceptions in elderly

information, experience to promote and develop the elderly (tradition), perceptions in

elderly expectations, perceptions in role (commitnent) and suggestion to promote and

develop the elderly (forced).

1.4 Religious concepts and elderly development.

The community cultwal institution (Karnjana Kawthep, 1995: 18-19; 164-

169) proposes to lead the religious philosophy for society development, because

religion phitosophy is a human spirituat dimension; it emphasizes developing humans

more than developing quantitative subjects. The philosophy of the cultural cornmnnity

is introduced to change new philosophy development to develop "adequate consumers

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Fac. of Grad. Studies. Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / l9

and adequate life" to raise the human spiritual to help and favor all together. to

construct the moral strength in the community, and keep up the communit-v culture.

Because development that emphasizes an only economic dimension will raise both life

conditions and human avarice.

Religion is a society thought or a kind of ideology. Religious ideology can

support the strengthening of the civil society and the strengthening development,

because of the Tripitaka principle; the teaching of the Buddha consisting of the power

of morals, concentration and intellect. That is not the power of command and

enforcement, but it reduces the power of avarice, anger and partiality. As in individual

behavior, it emphasizes helping oneself, using the intellect to reflect on the believable

by the principles of Kalamasut" Yomanasikarn and the principle of relationship to the

human by the six direction principles especially principle of Kalayanamit. Education

and practices in religion must make the human profound, understand religious ideology

and make them aware, kind and intent to help the society, the poor and the elderly.

Santikaro Piku, Pra Suteerayan, Pra Sripariyatmoli, et al., (1999: 183-208)

implied that the religious ideology in society that would make belief in the society

construction, and affect to daily human practices. The religious ideology all together

means to the imagination, worldviews, values and norms that refer to goodness

standards, the graceful and the real, and the goal of the life. Those all make the people

not involved with the power of subjectivism, and not involved wittt the power of anger.

That makes the people to practice the middle way, by the principle of morals,

concentration and intellect, and makes friendship to all.the people in the community.

Thus it's possible to use the principle of retigion be a based of development of the

Tambon Administrative Organization, which makes the members of the Tambon

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Administrative Organization syrnpathetic and increases human development than

economic.

For this reason the researcher will use the factor of education and practices in

religious ideology to study in the research "intention to promote and develop the aging

of the members of Tambon Administrative Oiganization".

1.5 Body of knowledge of the a$ng

1.5.1 Definition of the aging

The aging (elderly) in general meaning is a person over 60 years old,

following the world standard measurement from the committee of the World Assembly

Meeting under the title "the elderly" @arrow & Smith, 1979 cited by Saowapa

Pornsiripong, 1991: 9; Bunlu Siripanich, 1983: 42). Thailand also points out that the

aging is a person whose age is 60 years or older.

1.5.2 Problems and the effects of aging trouble

Economic and society development has made the growth of health and

medical technology. The effect of decreasing mortality is an increasing in the

population's average age, and decrease fetility. This makes an increasing in the number

and proportion of the elderly throughout the world nowadays. The United Nations

(Kusol Suntorntada, nd.: 8-9) predicted that the Thai elderly population would increase

from 4.6% in 1960 to 9.2%o in 1980, and expected to increase 103% (6.7 million) in

2000 and 13.4% (13.4 million) in 2006 and 2016 in sequence. (Ministry of Public

Health and Ktronkhan University, 2000: 99-100; Human Resource Planning Division,

National Economic & Society Development Board, 1995 cited by Institute of aging

Medicine, Deparrnent of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, 1998: 1)

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The aging are the less forrunate people in society. because of 2 factors. The

first is the direct or the personal effect such as being maltreated, injured, or deformed

that occurs by the degeneration of the body. The second is the structural effect that

means the gap between the potential and the actual achievement of the human that

makes the human unable to develop to their highest potential, it happens when the

society, economic and political structures close the opportunity to develop the full

potentiality. Development that emphasizes the economic, abandon human and society

development; some people such as the elderly cannot achieve their potential and

become poor (GaltinB, nd. cited by Chaiwat Sata-ananta, 1988: 19-31). These 2 factors

added, the elderly must be the most unfortunate people, as in the assignment on the 8t

economic and society plan; as follows:

Development uses the modem discourse meanings, that it is the new

colonialism procedure of the western countries to dominate the undeveloped country by

making the thoughts and the knowledge of the people aware of the new economic, and

pulling the agriculturist labor from the rural to the urban areas, and making the political

force to occupy the hunran resources and pushing the marketing system (Chairat

Charearnsinoran, 2000: 7). Those all have affected society, ttre cultural changes rapidly

in the third world, especially with the agriculturist. Because of the lessening of the

potential of the people, there are poorer but with less chance, thus the rural people will

be pushed to the margin of society.

The changing of society and economic contexts relates to the population

construct change. The development that makes the structural changes will make the

people who live far from the center or "the marginal groups'o have no opportunity to

develop, because of the inequality of development and inequality income distribution

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between rural and urban areas. The elderly that are more handicapped must be more

affected by the addition of structural changes. The elderly may be unfornrnate in

society, and become poor and dependent.

The aging is the last" age of the human. The condition of aging body

degenerates all the time. The theory of biological factors such as the Immunological

Theory and the Wear and Tear Theory explains that the cells and the immune system of

the elderly are degenerating all the time (Ebersol 1981 cited by Chaweewan Chantarat,

1997: 40). Dealing with health problems, the elderly have more severe sickness than

other age groups and can't work hard. Moreover, retirement reduce income for living.

Many problems of the elderly are about the health and finance (Bunlu Siripanich, 1990:

433 - 434). Suchada Kiranwr (1985 cited by Watinee Boonchalucksee & Yupin

Worasiramom" 1997:348) found that Thailand the number of the poor elderly increased

from 855,400 in 1990 to 1,214,700 in 2000 and the number will increaseto 2,473,400 in

2020. So the elderly have to work to earn income for themselves and their family.

Weerasit Sittatai & Yothin Sawangdee (1987: 12) snrdied the elderly's opinions and

concluded that the economic pressures and increasing population cause everyone to

work hard for their earnings to suffrcient to support their falnilies. It's the reason why

the aging population has to work. If the agmg population can't work, it is necessary to

receive the help for living.

' According to the society and economic conditions nowadays, the family can

effectively bring up to the elderly less than the past, the elderly status in the family has

changed, as the society changed rapidly, the elderly will lose their importance rapidly

too. Doty (1966 cited by Malinee Wongsit & Siriwon Siriboon, 1995:44) found that the

society changes make the elderly less important because of changing to western patterns

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b1'the younger generation. Before the female had duties to care for the elderly in the

a past but must work outside the home more and more, which make less care for the

elderly. The changes of family structure increase of the aging population whose live in a

nucleus family, because of the decrease of the extended family (Pattama

Amornsirisomboon, 1993: a5). By these reasons the elderly may be abandoned by their

families and lonely, because the elderly will lose their friends or spouse decreased their

roles by retirement which may cause trouble to the elderly.

Psychological studies find that the elderly, who are not sick in body and

mind, and able to adapt themselves along with the environment, will degenerate in

intelligence or not change. The same as the elderly whose are able to learn with the

younger, but takes more time. While the elderly must learn because they lose their

memory, the elderly must have the opportunity to learn in all the time.

Considering the development project by the attitudes of the elderly finds that

there don't directly develop the elderly, it emphasizes to the other population groups,

such as the projects to develop occupations for labor, and projects to develop activities

for the Yomg, etc. Also the development procedure does not have the structure to

support the elderly to participate, although the elderly want to have role and participate

with the development procedure, or consult or join with the project.

The activity theory implies that, society activity is essential to all groups of

people especially the elderly, making them appreciated themselves and acknowledged

by the society, and able to act in society activities. So the society should change a

pattern for the elderly to do activities equal to others. The theory advises maintaining

appropriate activities for the aging, such as the activity that uses intelligence more than

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physical power. supports the elderly groups in collecting, and supports the hobbies, that

will make the elderly have a good condition in body, mind and society.

According to the society and economic contexts, the elderly may have a low

quahty of life, the elderly trouble may be an obstacle to develop the country. The family

and society ought to more emphasize about the elderly trouble, because the elderly have

been useful to the society for a long time, and they still have potential. Only helping

themselves may be indirect and an equal helps to the society, so that the family and

society ought to bring up and support the elderly equally.

According to the elderly trouble that trend to decreasing, if we aren't aware

how to solve it, the elderly may be encounter poor condition and have a low quality of

life. Because they're limited on themselves, and the weak families institute. The elderly

will be dependent to the society, trouble to the national socio -economic development.

So the elderly developments are essential to the growth in society and economic of the

counfiy and sustain. The same as concepts of the neo economist which believe that the

human resource is the physical capital, so it must invests in human resource

development for product efficiency added.

According to the elderly trouble and the related theories, conclusion that the

elderly development must be duties all of them and families and the society. To bring

up the elderly, it ought to harmony with trouble conditions, such as the four basic

minimum needed, bring up in their health, supports in mind and society welfare, and

support to act and appreciated from their families and society.

1.5.3 Guidelines to develop agrng.

To develop human potential must develop them to full potential, all the body,

mind, intelligence and practice for bee the human who has a moral, good health and

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participated with the economic and society' development by efficiency, all about

C conscious and role to maintenance in environment and a nice culture.

The National Economic and Society Development Issue 8 pointed out the

strategies and guidelines about the poor elderly development as follows:

l. Set up welfare, increase free remedy service including decreases fares for

every transportation vehicles and public services in appropriate condition not only in the

urban. but also the rural.

2. Support a value of the elderly, gives information about correct

knowledge in take care the elderly.

3. Support the individual hospitals or health centers, individual

Organizations, religion Organizations and communities act as the roles in helping the

elderly. Set up laws, control business operated their services by suitable standard.

4. Support the major Organizations have responsibilities of the elderly,

planning, collecting data and corporate in network system for users.

The government sets up the policies and standardizes the elderly development

in long term plans as follows:

Public Health procedure

l. Establish the elderly clinics in hospitals and introduce the individual

hospitals give participation.

2. Plan the public health service 'systems

corporate by government and

individual especially involving the health.

3. Give information about method of take care the elderlv.

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Chatchaiyakam Suknarin Literature Review / 26

Education procedure

l. Give information about preparation, cwing and preventing from illness

including the good roles and duties of the elderly.

2. Train the elderly about participation in family.

3. Create activities for the elderly participation in the temples, schools and

public places.

4. Prepare the staff, that exBert in take care to the elderly.

5. Create religion activities.

6. Create activities for the elderly in their abilities.

7. Accept the elderly as "consultant" in useful project.

Earning and working procedure

l. Establish associations about supporting the elderly that's not enough

income.

2. Set up the appropriate roles and duties for the elderly.

3. Focus attitude about responsibility of the elderly to the society.

4. Reduce tar<es for the elderly that has low income.

5. Group the elderly for working.

6. Establish agricultural co-operative helping the elderly about investment.

7. Orgtnizsindividual Oryantzations for watching over the elderly rights.

Cultural and society procedure

1. Recover culture and tradition conceming the elderly and parents' respect

by mixing in the tradition such as The Mother's Day, Songkran day etc.

2, Create activities about annotrncement the fame of the elderly.

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) 127

Establish activities for recreation of the elderh'.

Establish activities for the elderlt, discussion about art. culture and

tradition.

6. Religion Organizations hold on Sermon in order to reduce the strain and

worry of the elderly.

2. Body of knowledge about Tambon Administrative Organization.

2.1 Historical of Tambon Administrative Organization

Tambon Administrative Organization has first organized in 1957. Accofding

to the concept that people should have their right in local government, the national

govemment has announced the Tambon Administrative Act in 1956. But the operations

of Tambon Administrative'Organization have many problems. So, the operations have

given up by the revolution council announcement, number 326. Until in 1994, the

current of decentalization, the government again zlnnounce Tambon Council Act and

Tambon Administative Organization and start controlling on 2 March 1995, by raise

the Tambon council that enough on income to the Tambon Administrative

Organization.

2.2 Concepts and Philosophy of Tambon Administrative Organization

Tambon Administative Organization is local government in decentralizanon

forms of politics and administration (Satit Yasaka,1997: 16). The.concept implies that

local people set up election for adminishator. Tambon Administrative Organization acts

as juristic entity and set the laws and plans project for self-development.

Ultimate goals of Tambon Administrative Organization establishment are the

people understand about self govemment, monitor and evaluate their works and support

participation in problems identifications and solving by appropriate situations -

4.

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economic, society and culture (Usa Baiyok, cited by Satit Yasaka. 1997: l8). Three

missions of Tambon Administrative Organization are supporting the people

participation in self-government, fundamental public services and developing local

economic and society (Damrong Rajanuparb Institute, Ministry of lnterior, 1996:56).

The act of plan set up and step to the decentralization to the local government

in 7999 section 32; assign to the decennalization committee set up the operation plan to

transfer the duty to the local government, as pass the resolution of the cabinet on 27

November 2001. So that the locals organize will has roles to develop the society by

more support in quallty of tife development, the law'fuas limit as follows;

1. The Ministry of Social Welfare must transfers the support money for

elderly to be a duty of municipality, Pataya local govemment, Tambon Administrative

Organization, Provincial Administrative Organization, and Bangkok Local Government

in 2000. That assign the local government duty to consider and select the new elderly to

supported the money for survive, making the other procedure, withdraw and pay the

money for the elderly on the criteria of the assign by the Minisu.y of Social Welfare.

2. In 2002 the local governments will have authority to manage the

standardize activrty that the elderly wanted in the elderly service center.

3. The Ministry of Public Health has assigned to set up the committee of local

health that authorize to consider fansfer duties to the ready local government to do,

such as health promotions, disease protections, addition to the teatnent or condition

recovery.

4. The other Ministry, the duty that will transfer not related to the elderly

directly, but the Tambon Administrative Organization can apply for develop the elderly,

such as support the occupation, or education development, Etc.

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2.3 Tambon Administrative organization classification

The act assigned to raise Tambon council to be Tambon Administrative

Organization by the Tambon council must has average income in the last 3 years unless

i50,000 per year, each Tambon Administrative Organization has a differ potential to

procure their income, so it can category them to 5 level. ln this criteria affected to the

Tambon Administrative Organizntion that lactated in the developed area have more

budgets to develop their Tambon than the Tambon Administrative Organization that

located in under develop area. @etails in table l)

Table I Tambon Administrative organization classifi cation

Level Income criterion @aht)

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over than 20 million

12-20 million

6 - 12 million

3 - 6 million

less than 3 million

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2.4 Personnel Structure

The temporary act of Tambon council and Tambon Administative

Organization assign to classiff the personnel of Tambon Administrative Organization in

to three categories. The first one is member by position such as chief of villageo doctors

of Tambon. The second is members who have been elected in each village, and the

other is local officer. But the constitution in 1997 section 285 part 2 was provide that

the member must been come from election. So when the first Tambon AdministrativeCopyright by Mahidol University

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Organization was complete an occasion, all of the members of Tambon Administrative

Organrzation rvill be come from the election.

Forms of Tambon Administrative Organization are the same as Democratic

Governance. As the once is the administration and the once is legislation, by the

administrative committee must be come from the indirect election, as erected by the

member of Tambon Administrative Organization. The committee put together with a

chair of committee, 2 members and a secretary of committee that duties to the deputy of

Ta:nbon Administrative Organization. In the same time the council of Tambon

Administrative Organization will elect a chair of council, a chair assistant and a

secretary ofthe council.

2.5 Roles and Duties

Tarnbon Administalive Organization have authority to develop community

(Tambon), eliminates a difficulty in people's daily life and take with them their

happiness and society order including economical society and cultural views.

Under the laws, Tambon Administrative Organization has duties in section 67

as follows:

1. Maintenance the areas including land and water.

2. Keep pathways cleaning such as the roads, water ways, walking streets,

public areas and also eliminate wastes and garbage.

3. Preventing disease, dangers incident.

4. Prevent and reduce dangers incident.

5. Support education, religion and culture

6. Support development of the women, children and aging.

7. Preserve natural resource and environment.

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8. Operate the task following the assignment from govemment.

The Administrative committee has role to plan and accept to manage the

developed project by the conclusion of the council of Tambon Administrative

Organization. By this can be inferred that every member of Tambon Administrative

Organization has participated in administration and developing their communities.

(Deparunent of Tambon Office, 1997:24)

2.6Income

Tambon Administrative Organization earns income from t?xes, fee of

regisuation fines and fund supported by government. In 2001, the Act increasing

allocates budget for Tarnbon Adminisfiative. So that Tarnbon Administrative should be

much efficiency in society operation and development.

In the same time, the act of plan and step to the decentralization to the local

government in 1999 section 30 part 4 assigned that the Tambon Administrative

Organization eanrs income from tar, fee to be harmony and appropriates with the roles

and duties of the local government. So it will have several taxes such as a building and

the land tor, signboard ta<, Gamble tax, etc.

The act provided that, in 2001 Tambon Adminishative Organzatron must has

income over 20 % of national budget, and in 2004 Tambon Administrative Organization

will provided budget not less 35 To of national. Thus the addition of Tambon

Administrative Organization income must be in appropriate time, and must be

consideration on the equal and their income.

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3. The significance of variables and relevant researches.

According to the knowledge of Tambon Administrative Organization and

related concepts and theories, can conclude that the intention in behavior is the relation

of three factors cited by a Theory of Reason Actions. Three components are factors in

thinking behavior, factors depend on reference goup and factors in demographic and

other environmental factors. Theoretical variables can be arranged as follows:

1. The attitude in the agrng promote and development

The theory of reason action pointed out that the behavioral thought effects to

intention of people's behavior. If the persons believe that actions' result has goodness,

they will have positive thinking for these actions. On the other hand, if they believe that

actions result worse, they will have negative thinking for these actions.

The attitude to promote and develop the elderly can apply to this research that

if the members of Tambon Administrative Orgarization have a positive attitude to

promote and develop the aged, it makes the members more intention to develop the

aged too. So the researcher will uses this factor in this study.

2. Age

Same person in different age will have difference in perception of the same

thing, opinion, attitude and behavior caused by different needs. When the people grow

elder, they passed many experiences that cause they get maturity and leam much more

society conditions. Also make them to more responsibility to reflection the thing by

intellect. As Chuda Janpitak (1985: 84) implies that by the time men reach to moral,

they shall to complete the condition of age, because they can consider some trouble in

clearly, before that they passed the education, a training, and more practical. As the

studied the historical of the man who work in the unfortunate human, the most has more

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Fac. of Grad. Srudies, MahidolUnir,. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 33

age or over than the younger, b1' the younger ought to some intent to develop the

elderly, but the lack of experience and the needed of secure family. Until the firm

family in more elder and can reflect the society in deep. Such the researcher has use this

factor in this research.

3. Sex

Sex is important factor effects to the thought and actions follow the role.

There are two standards of roles. Men are always in perspective of brave and leadership,

whereas women are in perspective of care, polite and mind. Also women has easy to

persrulde (Satit Niyomyat, 1981 cited by Ampol Pornaraksakul, 1996:37). Such as the

* society has assigned the duty to look after the member in family to the woman, so that

may be the woman has know and intend to solve the elderly trouble mom than the man.

Leucha Wanarat and the other (1996 cited by Bureau of Health Policy and Planning,,

Ministry of Public Health, 1996: 21) studied found that the female has though and

understand in the unfornrnate touble more than the men, but they has less participate to

making decision than the male. So that the researcher has bring this factor use in this

study.

4. Education

The education is importance to human knowledge, practice and intelligence

development, it makes the human to be the learning persons, so make new body of

knowledge to be society intellect, addition to practice the human to manage the

knowledge to make useful for the other. Paulo Feirer (nd. cited by Sakda

Prangpratanporn, 1996: 304-307) implied that the learning, writing and reading is

making the intellect and the moral consciousness and practice in later. The educationist

has introduce to implant the human moral though in education institution, by this reason

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that the difference level education has relate to the though, understanding and practice

I in somehow.

The law has not limited the level of education to the member of Tambon

Administrative Organization, so that the most has finish in primary and secondary

school. So that they have not confidence role to thinking, sause the less in knowledge

and less in duty and role perception (Department of Evaluation, the Bweau of the

Budget, 1997: 3; Department of Commission, Bureau of Senator Secretary, 1997: 37;

Jaras Suwanmala, nd cited by Bureau of Health Policy and Planning, Ministry of Public

Health, 1996: 191' Satit Yasak4 1998:37).

Thus as the researcher has deduct as a higbJevel education efFects people got

more occulsion in learning then receive more knowledge, information, rational thinking,

perception and awareness. And use this factor to be independence variable in this

research.

5. Occupation

Occupations relate to the people' thought in the several things, as cause the

people thought under activity in their occupation, because of socialization by whole in

their occupation groups. The same Mamist's concept that implied that while divided the

working it divide the class in society too, the people in the same class must act under a

practical pattem on their occupation, thus as the difference occupation human will has a

thought and a practical in differ.

The same as the institution of a cultural implied that the rural culttre is the

cultural of Buddhist agriculturist that nearly the nature, the being has kindly, a favor all

together. Also the rural people will have a more firm relationship than the people in

urban that emphasize to the consumerism and makes the alienation. As the capital

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culture will make the individual society, as make the compatible societ)'. So that the

researcher has bring this factor use in this studl'.

6.Income

Income is indicator of position or human class, and makes a difference

thought to the difier class. By Lukacs (1920 cited by Karnjana Kaewthep, 1984:35-39)

said that high society always has self-benefits involving, this make awareness in less

level for public. Whereas low society has problems in economic, so cause awareness

lacking, as the middle society is output of mixing by two classes, this probably that

middle class has the most awareness to the totality. The same as Chuda Janpitak (1985:

135) say that the same class should have the same pattem of attitude, believe and the

way of life. The concept can deduct, as the middle class will have intention to promote

and develop the elderly than the other class. So that the researcher has bring this factor

use in this study too.

7. Status

Department of Evaluation, the Bureau of the Budget (1997:3) found that the

members of Tambon Administrative committee would have more a duty in role than the

member of tambon Administrative Organization council. As Titaya Suwanachata (nd.

cited by Surakiet Titatan, 1990:26) compares the status with role as the two side of a

coin, the once is status that's the concentrate of a right and a role, as the once is the

practical on role. Gordon Alpord (nd. cited by Charoon Koonsong, 1997:16) said that

person in vary position would as role expectation by society. So that role performance

in each position related with person's role and authori?, *r caused people have role

perception by role expectation of other people and Organization.

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So that in this reseiuch, the researcher has deduct as if the member of Tambon

Administrative Organization has perceived and understand in role that prov.ided in the

law, they must have more intention to promote and develop the elderly. So the

researcher will use this factor in this studv.

8. Period in status

Period in status deals with person's experience including introduces learning,

role percepion and guidelines for actions following socialization. So that the period in

position wills has effected to the thought, the feeling and the intention to practice role in

status. As the Deparftnent of evaluation, the Bureari of the Budget (1997: 3) found that

who has the long period in status of the member of Tambon Administrative

Organization must more perception in role. Thus it can deduct as the period in status of

the member of Tambon Administative Organization is relate to the intention of

promoting and developing aging. So that the researcher has bring this factor use in this

study.

9. Role perception in the elderly development

The perception in role is the understood" an interpretation and qualification of

the individual that is the psychology process. The understood will make the human to

regulate, interpret and practical in difference. (Thepanom Muangman & Sawing Suwan,

1987 cited by Ampol Pomaraksakul,lgg6:41) so conclude as the role is relate to the

human stafus.

So that According to Tambon Administrative Organization Act 1995, can

conclude that Tambon Adminishative Organization has authority in developing the less

fortunate members in society. Also relate to the perception in elderly promotion role

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Fac. of Grad. Studies. MahidolUniv. M.Ed. (Population Education) /37

and effected to intention to promote and develop the elderly, thus as the researcher has

brought this factor to use in this studl'.

10. Information perception

The information perception makes the human has knowledge, and who has

more knowledge in which information, indicate that he has more interest in that story

too. And the information perception will make attitude to the human although the

human has not contacted the thing by directly. Also with Wuttichai Jamnong, 1980: 33)

say that the infonnation perception and the communication are essential to practice of

the human, because the human is a society human, essence to communicate to change

the knowledge, opinion and experience by together, not only that the information has

essence to make decision of human. According with Kamjana Kwarrthep (2530: lS-35)

say that the information perception will rise the people' education and be aware and

more intention to practice in that thing. Also to the studied of Duanpen Sangkanrk and

the other (1998: abstract) found that the member of Tambon Administrative

Organization has though and role to develop the children and their family relate to the

perception of child and family information. So that the researcher has deduct that the

member of Tarnbon Administrative Organization who have difference in elderly

information perception will have intention to promote and develop the elderly in differ

too. Thus the researcher has brought this factor to use in this study.

11. Religion education and practices

Region faith is the making of knowledge of the several things. These tain the

member in society to practice, communicate and understood in the same thing, by the

principle of region has educate the human to practice in the good behavioral, good

thought. The religion is a society thought faith effects people tbreat others as one would

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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarrn Literature Review / 38

like to be treated oneself and non malevolence Religion is a kind of society thought that

make people can solve their problems.

Santikaro Piku & Pra Suteerayan & Pra Sripariyatmoli, et al (1999: lg3-20g)

implied to the religious ideology in society that would made belief to the society

consfirction, as effected to daily human practiced. The religious ideology all together

mean to the imagination, worldviews, values and norms, that refer to the goodness

standard, the graceful and the real, that the goal of the life. Those all make the people do

not involve with the power of the subjectivism, and don't involve the power of the

anger. That makes the people to practice in the middle way, by the principle of the

moral, concentration and intellection, and makes the friendship to all the people in

community. Thus as it's possible to use the principle of the religion to be the base

development of the Administrative Organization society, that make the person to be a

sym.pathy to more develop a human than develop economic.

12. Suggestion to promote and develop the aging

Communications with the persons or Organizations that always help the less

fortunate people, influence the person absorb attitude and awareness in the less

fortunate people. And more intent to promote and develop the less fortqnate, so that the

researcher has deduct ttrat the suggestion to promote and develop the elderly from the

other person and the Organizationshould be relate with the intention, and the researcher

will use this factor to study in this research.

13. Experiences in the agtng development

The human experience will make the person has more deep understand and

practical in the behavior. As the Tambon Administrative Organization task to develop

the elderly, so that if the members have experiences in these tasks, they would more

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Unir'. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 39

understand in their roles. Then the researcher will use this factor to study in this

research.

14. Perception of aging expectation

The principle of Tambon Administrative Organization need the population

knoq'government and solve trouble by themselves, that take the opportunity to offer the

trouble and the solve it. So that the working management has depend on the expectation

of the people in Tambon. The same as the role theory that indicates that, the person will

act by expectation perception. So that when the member of Tambon Administrative

Organization had elected by the people, then the member will enthuse to act by the

expectation of the people in Tambon, who was elect the member of Tambon

Administrative Organization. This is similar with the result of research of Chetta

Mosikkarat (1996, 204-205) found that the member of Tambon Administrative

Organization would act by the offering of the people in are4 this for display in their

ability. But the most people need to the infrastructure, (Trakul Meechai, nd.: 4) that

matries the member of Tambon Administrative Organization must act on the people'

expectation. As build the street, elecnicity etc. (Luecha Wanaratna nd. cited by Bureau

of Health Policy and Planning, Ministry of Public Health 1996 20). The researcher has

deducted, as the members of Tambon Administrative Organization will act through the

perception of the elderly expectation. The researcher will use this factor to study in this

research.

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Table 2 Conclusion of independent variables from concept, theory and related

researches

Literature Review / 40

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Theories Variables

l.ATheoryofReasonAction 1. Attitude of activities conceming the

elderly development.

2. Role perception

3. Perception the elderly expectation.

4. Suggestion from other person and

Organizations.

5. Demographic factors such as sex,

racial, position and income

2. Liska's concept 1. Attitude of activities concerning the

elderly development


Organizations

3. Role perception

4. Sex

5. Age

3.Themultiplefactorstheoryof l. Attitude of activities concerning the

decision making and society action elderly development

2. Elderly information perception

3. Experience in elderly development


5. Role perception

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lCopyright by Mahidol University

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) ,'41

Table 2 Conclusion of independent variables from concept, theory and related

researches (cont.)

Theories Variables

3. The multiple factors theory of decision 6. Age

making and society action (cont.) 7. Suggestion from other person and

4. Principle of religion

5. Jaras Suwanwela

6. Satit Yasaka

| 7. Luecha Suwannarat

. 9. Kosai Wonganantnon

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10. Orapin Sopchokchai

. 11. Chetta Mosikarat

8. Bureau of budgeting, Ministry of l. status in Organization

Interior

Organizations

1. the educated and practiced in region

1. education level

1. role perception

1. role perception

2. experience in elderly development

3. sex

2. period in status

3. role perception


Organizations

2. education level

1. Suggestion from-other person and

Organizations



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Chatchail,akarn SuknarinResearch Methodolo-e1' / 42

CHAPTER III

RESEARCII METHODOLOGY

This research proposes to study the intention and factors of aging

promoting and developing of the members of Tambon Administrative organization in

Phitsanulok province. The researcher has studied in a quantitative method" and

strengthens by the quality, for elucidated a phenomenon in steps as follows,

1. The quantitative research method.

1.1 population and sample

1.2 Sampling method

1.3 Researchinstrument

1.4 lnstrument test

1.5 Data collection

1.6 Dataprocessing and analysis

2. The qualitative research method

2.1 Studying area

2.2 Target Sample

2.3 Data collection

2.4 Data correcting and data analysis

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Fac. of Grad. Studies. MahidolUniv.

1. The quantitative research

M.Ed. (Population Education) / 43

t 1.1 Population and sample

The population were the members of Tambon Administrative Organization

in Phitsanulok province. The Department of Tambon Civil. Department of Provincial

Administration, Minister of the Interior, found that there are 90 Tambon

Administrative Organizations, and 1,924 members of Tambon Administrative

Organization in all 9 districts 962 villages in Phitsanulok Provincial.

To finding the sample size, the research made by a formula of Taro

Yamane (1973:725), ard allows to the error value at 5 percentage or .05;

: the sarnple size

: the population

= the error of sampling

The formula calculate to a appropriate sample size at 331, but for

prevention a mistake and coverage, the researcher will quest in 5 members in each

Tambon Administrative Organization, so it will be have 450 of samples. But in the

data correcting found that the data was corrected in 408 sample to analyze.

1.2 Sampling method

For feasibility, probability and coverage sample size on statistical method,

The reseaxcher collected in all 90 Tambon Administative Organizations by simple

random sampling and choose for 5 members in all Tambon Administrative

Organization, then cover the 450 members. But fourid that there are 408 corrected

dat4 to analyze. (Details in table 3)

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Chatchaiyakam Suknarin

Table 3 Numbers of samples divided by district

Research Methodology / 44

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District

Tambon

Administrative

Organization

Target of

sample size

Sample

Collected

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1. Muang

2. Nakornthai

3. Charttrakarn

4. Bang-rakam

5. Bang- kratum

6. Phrompiram

7. Wal-bot

8. Wangtong

9. Neunmaprang

t9

11

6

1l

7

t2

6

11

7

95

55

30

55

35

60

30

55

35

88

46

29

48

JJ

54

26

52

32

Total

1.3 Research Instrument

The instruments that used collect datq the researcher made by documentary

reviewed the content in concepts, theories and related researches to make the

questionnaire. Correcting by the specialist, the construct of questionnaire has divided

to 9 part as follows;

Part 1 the questionnaires on socio- demographic characteristics of

members of Tambon Adminisfiative Organization combine with age, sex, educated,

occupation, income, status and period time in status. The questions are answer

45090 408

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Educarion) / 45

checking and fill in blanli, these for conduct a data to explain the characteristic of

sample.

Part 2 the questionnaire that relate with attitude in aging trouble and

attitude to promote and deveiop the aging. the type of question are all positive and

negative direction. and can select in 5 levdl, the criteria is as follows:

I

Strongly agree

Agree

Unsure agree

Disagree

Positive content

score on 5

score on 4

score on 3

score on 2

Negative content

score on I

score on 2

score on 3

score on 4

score on 5Strongly disagree score on I

t

To divide the levels of attitude to promote and develop the aging, the

researcher use by the grouping method, as separate by use arithmetic mean (i) ana

standard deviation (S.D.) ay x XS.D. equation.

The result found that the mean 1x ; of tfre attitude to promote and develop

the aging is value at 90.20 and standard deviation (S.D.) value at 8.3, the level of

attitude to promote and develop the aging divide to 3 level as follows;

Low attitude (x<x-S.D) score lower than 82

Medium attitude (x -S.O<Xs? +S.O) score until 82 to 99

High attitude (x> x +S.O1 score over than 99

Part 3 the questionnaires that relate to perception role in promote and

develop agrng, the questions are interval scale in 2 criterions as follows;


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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Research Methodology / 46

Agree msaning the statement is right score: I

Not agree meaning the statement is wrong score = 0

To divide a level of perception to promote and develop aging role, used the

grouping method, separate by use arithmetic mean 1x1 ana standard deviation (S.D.)

Ay VtS.D. equation.

The result found that the arithmetic mean 1x; of perception to promote and

develop aging role is value at l0 and standard deviation (S.D.) at 3.10. As divide the

Ievel of attitude to promote and develop the aging to 3 level as follow;

Low attitude (x<x-S.D) score lower than 5

Medium attitude (x-S.O<XSx+S.O) score until 6 to 9

High afiitude (x>x+S.D) score overthan l0

ParJ 4 is the questionnaire that quest to aging information perception, the

questionnaire is interval scale question, and can select in 3 levels criterion as follows:

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Often (over 4 time per month)

Sometime (1-3 time per month)

Never (per month)

score 3

score 2

score I

t

To divide the level of aging information perception, the researcher use the

grouping method, separate by use arithmetic mean (x) anA standard deviation (S.D.)

Uy xt S.D. equation.

The result found that the aging information perception has arithmetic mean

1i1 at 14.78 and standard deviation (S.D.) at 3.75. The level of aging information

perception divide to 3 level as follows;Copyright by Mahidol University

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Fac. of Grad. Srudies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) /47

Lou'perception (x<x -S.D) score lower than I I

Medium perception 1x-S.D<XSx*S.O; score until l2 to lg

High perception (x> x +S.O; over than l g points

Part 5 the questionnaire that quest to measure the education and practices

in religious philosophy, the interval scale question in 3 level, the criteria as follows:

Often (over 3 times per month) score:3 points

Sometime (l-2 times per month) score = 2 points

Never (per month) score: 1 point

To divide the level of education and practices in religious philosophy by

the grouping method, separate by use arithmetic mean 1iy anO standard deviation

(S.D.) Ay itS.D. equation.

The result found that the education and practices in religious philosophy

has arithmetic mean value (x) at 15.04 and standard deviation (s.D.) at 3.10. which

divide the level of education and practices in religiously to 3 level as follows;

Low education and practices (*.x-s.o) scores lower than 12

Medium education and practices 1x-s.o<x<i+s.o) scores 12tol9

High education and practices (x> i+s.D) scores over than 19

Part 6 the questionnaire to measure the suggestion to promote and develop

the aging, the questionnaire is interval scale question, selected in 3 levels criteria as

follows:

Often (over 3 times per month) scores 3

Sometime (l-2 times per month) scores 2

Never score 1

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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Research Methodologv / 48

To divide the level of the suggestion to promote and develop the aging use

t the gxouping method. separate b1' use arithmetic mean 1 x ) and standard deviation

(S.D.) by x + S.D. equation.

The result found that the suggestion to promote and develop aging has

arithmetic mean (i1 ut24.71 and standard deviation (S.D.) at 5.98. And divide the

levels of suggestion to promote and develop aging to 3 level as follows;

Low suggestion (xcx -S.D) scores lower than 2l

Medium suggestion (x-S.O<Xsx+S.n; scores until2l to 37

High suggestion (x> i+S.O) scores over than 37

Part 7 the questionnaire measure the experience to promote and develop

aging, the questionnaire is interval scale question in 3 levels, the criterion as follow:

Often (over 4 times per year) scores 3

Sometime (l-3 times per year) scores 2

Never score I

To divide the level of experienced to promote and develop aging by the

grouping method, separate by use arithmetic mean 1x) ana standard deviation (S.D.)

Uy xt S.D. equation.

The result found that the experienced to promote and develop aging has

arithmetic mean 1x1 at24.18 and standard deviation (S.D.) at 6.01. And divide the

levels of experienced to promote and develop aglng to 3 levels as follows;

Low experienced lxci-S.n) scores lower than 20

Mediurn experiencea 1i-s.o<<<x+s.n; scores until20 to 37

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High experienced (x> t +S.D) scores over than 37

Part 8 the questionnaire measure to the perception in aging expectation to

promote and develop aging, the questionnaire is interval scale question in 3 level, the

criterion as follows;

I

To divide the level of the perception in aging expectation of promote and

develop aging by the gouping method, separate by arithmetic mean (x) ana standard

deviation (S.D.) by xt S.D. equation.

The result found that the perception in aging expectation of promote and

develop has arithmetic mean (i) at24.52 and standard deviation (S.D.) at 6.34. And

divide the level of the perception in aging expectation of promote and develop aging to

3 level as follows:

Low perception (x< x -S.D) scores lower than 1 7

Medium perception (x-S.O<X<i+S.O; scores until 18 to 33

High perception (x> x +S.n; scores over than 34

Part 9 the questionnaire meastue the intention to promote and develop

aging, the questionnaire is interval scale question in 5 level, the criterion as follows;

High perception

Medium perception

Low perception

Strongly agree

Agree

Unsure

Disagree

scores 3

scores 2

scores I

score 5

score 4

score 3

score 2

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Strong disagree score I

To divide the level of the intention of promote and develop aging use the

grouping method, separate by use arithmetic mean (x) anO standard deviation (S.D.)

b1' x+ S.D. equation.

The result found that the intention to promote and develop aging has

arithmetic mean (i) at 45.37 and standard deviation (S.D.) at 8.75. And divide the

level of the intention to promote and develop aging to 3 level as follows;

Low intention (x<x -S.D) scores lower than 36

Mediurr intention 1x-S.O<X<i+S.l) scores until 36 to 53

High intention (x>x+S.n) scores over than 54

6. Instrument test.

1. Checking and conecting the validity of instrument by the specialist in

succinct and content validity, and adjusted.

2. Checking the reliability of instrument, and take the complete instrument

to fy out with 35 likely populations which aren't the sample in this study, to seek

t quality by Cronbach's Coefficient alph4 that fix value not lower 0.7.

The result found the validity of instrument value as follow,

1.1 The reliability of the attitude to promote and develop agrng at0.7195

1.2 The reliability of the perception to promote and develop aglng role at

0.8433

1.3 The reliability of the perception to aging information at 0.762

I 1.4 The reliability of the educated and practiced in religious philosophy at

0.8t24

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1.5 The reliabiliq, of the

M.Ed. (Population Education) ' 5l

suggestion to promote and develop aging a1

* 0.7949

t

1.6 The reliability of the experienced to promote and develop aging at

0.7319

I .7 The reliability of the perception of expectation of aging at 0 .7 528

1.8 The reliability of the intention to promote and develop aging at 0.9238

3. Use this instrument to collect the data.

1..5. Data collection

The researcher collected data by the assistants that have explained in

objective of question in the questionnaire of the research to interview the sample in

Tambon Administrative Organization that indicated numbers of member already. The

assistants interview the sample directly. If the sample has a problem, doubtfully and

not clear in the question, they can repeat asking for clearly a question immediately,

that conducted the sample to reply question by conectly, then lead the questionnaire to

analyze in next steps.

1.6 Data processing and analysis

The data collected were processed and analyzed through microcomputer

SPSS/PC'(Statistical Package for the Social Science / Personal Computer Plus) which

formulated statically significant as p-value = 0.05. There were steps for canalization as

follows:

l. The personal data and the Tambon Administrative Organization data, as

age, sex, educated level, income, stafus, time period in stafus in the part 1, analyzeby

the statistic of percentage, mean and standard deviation.

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2. The data of the attitude to promote and develop the aging, the role

perception, the information perception, the educated and practiced in religious

philosophy, the suggestion to promote and develop the aging, the experience to

promote and develop the aging and the expected percepion in the pfrt2 - 8. Evaluate

the data into score then divided to 3 categories as high, middle and low by the

grouping method, then analyze by the statistic of percentage, arithmetic mean and

standard deviation.

3. The data of intention of promote and develop the aging in the parl 9,

evaluate into score then divided to 3 categories as'high, middle and low by grouping

method, then analyze by the statistic of percentage, arithmetic mean and standard

deviation.

4. The factors that relate to the intention of promote and develop the aging,

analyze by statistic of multiple regression analysis.

l

2. The qualitative research

The quality research purpose to strengthen a quantitative research, for study

* to factors cause to intention of promotion and developing the aging of the member of

Tambon Administrative Organization. And purpose to study the method to promoting

and developing the aging and all study to how the same aging development and the

intention, this for the clearly of all dimensions that relate to the intentiono strengthen

the understand and help to interpret the quantitative research. The details of a quahty

research are follows.


I


2.1 Studying area

The researcher selected the areas study by purposive sampling. select into 6

Tambon Administrative Organization. as Tambon Ban Klong ampher Muang, Tambon

Aranyik ampher Muang, Tambon Tatong ampher Muang, Tambon Nong Kham

ampher Phrompiram, Tambon Watbot ampher Watbot and Tambon Nabua ampher

Nakomthai to study.

2.2The target sample

This research purpose study to the persons who relate to the develop

administration on the Tambon Administrative Organization, and addition to the

stakeholder in aging development. The researcher has selected study in the key

informant who have elucidates to the coverage, deep and real information and

appropriate with the objective. Thus divided the key informants to 4 categories, such

as the administrative committee, deputy of Tambon Administrative Organization, the

member of Tambon Administrative organization council and the aging.

2.3 Data collecting method

This quality research purpose to veriff the result of the intention of

promoting and developing the aging, which has the research pattern on in depth

interview, tts perceive information by two way communications method. The

researcher has collected by self and interviewed by informal

The researcher collect data by the data construct that according to the

quantitative research concept, and addition to quest in the context in Tambon

Administrative Organization working, also the trouble of supporting and developing

the aging. The researcher set up the all issues before interviewed on 2 pattenu as

follows;

:

I

/


Chatchaiyakam Suknarin Research Methodology / 54

1. The general interview that has not fix the answer, for the sample imply

* to individual historical, works, their opinion and feeling, this makes for the happy and

sincere felling to tail story of them.

2. Thg focus interview that the researcher did by in depth interview for

perceived the reason and real.

2.4The instrument

1. The construct of qualitative research concept question that put together

with 2 parts as follows;

- Personal data such as sex, age, educated level, stafus, time period in

l status, occupation and income

- The Attitude, the role perception, the information perception, the

religious education and practices. the suggestion to aging promoting and developing,

the experience on aging promoting and developing and the perception in expectation

of the aging.

2.The construct of aging question as

- personal data of the aging as age, sex, educated level, income and

I occupation

- trouble and developed needed

- opinion to aging developing and the other of the members of Tambon

Admini strative Organi zation

3. A notebook

I

4. Recorder player and material


Fac. of Grad. Studies, MahidolUnir'. M.Ed. (Population Education) i 55

2.5Data collecting and analYsis

I The researcher categorl' data by the studied construction then makes data

conecting andanalYze as follou'.

1. Correcting data after makes data categor)'. If some questionnaires have

incorrect and unequal, the researcher will take quest in addition.

2. To analyze data, the researcher has edit and analyze row data all in

individual and summarize information, for conclude the factors that relate to intention

of aging promotion and developing. If the result has harmony with the quantitative

result, it should help the researcher able to imply. conc]ude and summarize in clearly

C phenomenon.

The content analysis is the research technique that able to imply a content

- t t : 1 1l -rl .-l--. arn sentence or document by the quantitative system and emphasize to subjectivity. The

implement has emphasize rnthe content that appear in the sentence, also the researcher

has not interpreted on bias, or by self-felling, and not emphasize interpreted on the

hidden meaning.

I


it

Chatchaivakarn Sultnarin Results '56

CHAPTER IV

REST]LTS

The research purposes to know the levels and factors that relate with the

intention to promote and develop the aging, b), discussion all quantitative and quaiity

research together, for know more details and clearly in the phenomenon. The results

will present by these steps;

1. The results of quantitative research present as follows;

1.1 The generals characteristic of the sample

1.2 Attitude to promote and develop the aging

1.3 The role perception to promote and develop the aging

I.4 The aging information perception

1.5 The education and practices in religion philosophy

1.6 The suggestion to promote and develop the aging

1.7 The experience in promote and develop the aging

1.8 The perception to expectation of the aging

1.9 The intention to promote and develop the aging

1.10 The relationship between factors and the intention to promote and

develop the aging

2. The qualitative research by in-depth interview present as follows;

2.1 The data of quality research

2.2 The qualitative research conclusion

+

I

o Copyright by Mahidol University

I

Fac. of Grad. Studies. MahidolUniv' M.Ed. @opulation Education) '' 57

1. The results of quantitative research

1.1 The generals characteristic of the sample

The samples of a research are 408 members of Tambon Administrative

Organization in phitsanulok Provincial the information of their background are follows;

Most of samples are male (84.8 %) more than female (15.2 %), the most are

35-52years old and the arithmetic mean is 43 years . (, :43.!g, SD = 9'09), the most

(4g.3%) has educated in secondary school, certificate and diploma level, the next has

educated in primary school (47.s%),the most (66.9%) occupy in agriculturist, business

and employee (23.8 % and 9.3o/o in sequence). The most (80.6%) has income amount

15,530 - ll5,g12balrts per year, and the average income is 65,750 batrts per year. (V:

65,750, SD:50,221)

The most samples (71.1%) are the members of Tambon Administrative

Organization council, and279% are the administrative committee. The samples are not

difference in period time in the status of Tarrbon Administrative Organz-ation member.

While the most (27.2%) are the members of Tambon Administrative Organization in

lesslyear,andhasperiodtimeinl-2yearsare24.3Yo,periodtimein3-4yearsare

23.3 Vo, and more than 4 yezlrs are 19.4 Yo

.l}

I


Chatchaivakarn Suknarin Results / 58

Table 4: Numbers and percentage of the sample divided by general characteristics

Characteristic Numbers PercentageI

1. Sex

Male

Female

Age

- 15 -34 year

- 35 -52year

- more than 53 year

346

62

77

273

56

Min 25

84.8

15.2

19.0

67.2

13.8

47.5

43.7

8.8

66.9

9.3

23.8

27.9

72.1

2.

i qz.D sD s.os Max 75

a

194

178

273

38

97

I

Lt4

294

3. Educated level

- primary school

- secondary school, certificate and

diploma level

- bachelors and over

Occupation

- Agriculnrist

- Employee

- Business and other

Status in Organization

- Administrative board

- Normal member

36

4.

5.

|l

I



Table 4: Numbers and percentage of the sample divided by the general characteristic

(cont.)I

Characteristic Numbers Percentage

6. Average income per year

- Less than 15,529 bahts

- 15,530 - 115,972 bahts

- more than 115.973 bahts

Min 100,00 Max 300,000

7. Period time in the status

o - Less than 1 year

1 - 2 years

2 - 3 years

3 - 4 years

over 4 years

2s

329

54

111

99

24

6.1

80.6

13.2

27.2

24.3

s.9

25.)

19.4

X 65,750 SD 50,221

95

79

t

1.2 Attitude to promote and develop in aging

The results found that, the samples have attitude to promote and develop the

agrng at the middle to high level, by the most (72.30%) we the middle level, the next

below (28.4% and 13.48 Vo) are the high and low level in sequence. (Details in table 5)

* Copyright by Mahidol University


Table 5 Numbers and percentage of the attitude to promote and develop the aging

divided by levelll

Attitude level Numbers Percentage

Lo'*' (scores less than 82)

Middle (scores until 82 to 99)

High (scores over than 99)

55 13.48

295 72.30

58 14.22

Total 408 100.0

In consideration in each question of attitude found that,

ln the positive direction questions, the most (strongly agree and agree added)

ithave agree with the question such as the aging was use to made the useful to society

(80.8%). The aging want an appreciated from the human in society (90.4%). The aging l

want to participate with the family and society (76.8%). The aging ought to get a

sufficient welfare (89.3%). The value of appreciated and respected to the aging ought to

be promote (91.8%). The aging ought to get a free treatment. (g3;-%) Family and

society ought to have duty to maintain the aging together. (88.7 %) and Tambon

Administrative Organization ought to plan to develop the aging. (g2.4%) But the mosta

(78/%) disagree with "the aging has yet potential to develop the society".

In the negative direction question, the most has disagreed with the question

as; the aging is the person who is outnoded of the knowledge, thinking and ability.

(54.1%) and the question; the aging has unvalued for the family and society . (46.1%)

While the most agreed with the question the older will make more dependent

maintaining for the family and society. (82.1%), the aging.development has not worthy

l Copyright by Mahidol University

Fac. of Grad. Studies" Mahidol Unir,. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 6l

in economic $4.9%) and the aging is not appropriate with the exercise supporting.

t (4.g%) (Details in table 6)

Table 6 Attitude to promote and develop to aging divided by items

Attitude

Strongly Agree Unsure Dis- Strongly

agree (%) Agree Agree Disagree

(%) (%) (%) ("/o)

l. The aging was use to made the 40.2 46.6 10.0 32 U0

useful for society.

2. The aging is outmoded of the 5.9 l2.s z7.s 41.4 12J

knowledge, the thought and ability,I

3. The aging is the human who has 9.3 r9.g 24.g 36.3 9.9

valueless for family and community.

4. Nowadays There are many aging 16.7 42.4 27.7 11.5 l.jwho are poor and devoid by the

supervisor.

5. Being the aging. It will be loaded to 35 47.1 12.0 5.1 0.5

maintain by the family and community.

t 6. The aging has easier to sickness and g.l 363 27 .0 17 .2 1 1.5

more severity than the normal human

has.

7. Nowadays the members in aging ll.3 36.g 35.0 ls.z 1.7

family have less ability to maintain the

aging.

8. The aging should to stop working. 3.2 z3.o 22.3 33.3 lg.1

l Copyright by Mahidol University

Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Results / 62

Table 6 Attitude to promote and develop to aging divided by items (cont.)

I Strongll, Agree Unsure Dis- Strongly

Question agree (%) Agree Agree Disagree

("/") (o/") (%) (%)

9. The instruction of the aging is 15.2 42.2 14.5 20.1 8.1

unbelievers.

10. The aging needed to participate 24.3 52.5 18.1 4.2 1.0

with the communig.

I 1 . The aging is valueless because 7 .6 33.1 225 29.9 6.9

cannot works for money.

| 12. The aging has yet ability to make 0.0 2.7 18.9 54.9 23.5

profit for communitl'.

13. The aging need a appreciated from 47.8 42.6 9-l 0.5 0.0

community.

14. The aging should be replied in 44.4 44.9 6.4 3.2 L2

society welfare from community.

15.The aging promoting.and 7.4 37.5 24.3 21.3 9.6

developing is not related to society andD

economic developing.

16. The promoting and developing in 14.2 48.5 l9.l 13.7 4.4

aging is valueless in economic.

17. The aging is not necessary to 12.5 53.2 13.5 14.7 6.1

promote and develop in occupation

18. The values in appreciate and respect 67 .6 24.3 6.9 0.0 l.z

to the aging should be promoted.a Copyright by Mahidol University

ffiFac. of Grad. Studies, MahidolUniv M.Ed. @opulation Education) / 63

Table 6 Attitude to promote and develop to aging divided by items (cont.)

; Strongly Agree Unsure Dis- Strongly

Disagree

("/o)

Question agree

(%)

("/o) Agree Agree

(%) (%)

19. The aging should be get free health

treatment.

20. The past developments often not

plan to the aging by straightly.

21. The aging is not appropriate to

promote to exercise.

22. The promoting and developing

aging is decreased to responsibility of

their family

23. The family and community ought to

cooperate to maintain the aging.

24. T ambon Administrative

Organization ought to plan develop and

promote the aging.

7r.3 21.8 4.9 1.5

20.8 49.8 2t.3 8.1

8.316.4 s6.6 14.0

24.5 47.3 19.4

50.5 38.2 10.3 1.0

46.8 45.6 7.1

0.5

0.0

4.7

t3.45.4

0.0

0.00.5

*

1.3 Role perception to promote and develop aglng

The results found that the sample have perceived the role to promote and

develop the aging at high level, as the most (66.92Yo) perceived at the high level, the

next below (26.71%) perceived at the middle level, and the next below (3.37 %)

perceived at the low level. (Details in tabte 7)


Chatchaiyakam Suknarrn Results / 64

Table 7 Numbers and percentage of role perception to promote and develop the aging

divided b1, levelILevel of role perception Numbers Percentage

Low (scores less than 5 )

Middle (scores 6-9)

High (scores over than 10 )

26

109

273

6.37

26.71

66.92

I

Total 408 100.0

In consideration role perception in each item question found that, the 3" in

sequence, the most sample have perceived in issues; Tambon Administrative

Organization has function to promote and support a public place to make activity for

information exchange between aglng and other population (91.4%). The next below is

the question; Tambon Administrative Organization has function to promote and support

the religious activity for participated of all population, especially the aging (89.5%), and

Tambon Administrative Organizationhas function to implant the value of the respect in

agrng knowledge and their experiences (87.5%). @etails in table 8).

Table 8 Percentage of role perception to promote and develop the aging divided by

items

I

Role perception to promote and develop aging

l. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to manage the

health treatment and health promotion service for the aging

2. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to publicize the

maintenance and practical the aging method to the community.

accept Reject

81.6 18.4

a

77.0 23.0


t

Fac. of Grad. Studies. MahidolUniv. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 65

Table 8 Percentage of role perception to promote and develop the aging divided by

items (cont.)

Role perception to promote and develop aglng Accept Reiect(%t (%l

3. Tambon Adminisnative Organization has function to manage the 70.3 29.7

useful education for the aging.

4. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to promote and 91.4 8.6

support a public place to perform activity for exchange information

between the aging and the other.

5. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to support the 89.5 10.5

religiously activity for participated with population, especialll, aging.

; 6. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to make 81.8 18.9

oppornrnity for the aging perform the ability in branch of knowledge

that make appreciated to them.

7. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to income 79.2 20.8

helping for the aging who can not alive by self.

8. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to promote and 67.4 32.6

support the appropriate technology for aging working.

10. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to promote and 72,3 27.7

tsupport the extended family for the aging warm.

ll. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to fight the 87.5 12.5

respect to the knowledge and experience of aging.

12. Tambon Administrative Organization has firnction to promote and 72.1 27.9

support the religiously institution to publicized the principles of birth,

aging, and dying for decrease the aging worried.



Table 8 Percentage of role perception to promote and develop the aging divided b1'

items (cont.).

Results / 66

I

Role perception to promote and develop aging T:ln'Reject

I

13. T"mb"" Administrative Organization has function to promote and 78'9 2t.1

support the society welfare as health, occupation, live place and relax

place for the aging.

1.4 Aging information PercePtion

The results found that, the sample has perceived the aging information at the

middle to high level, as the most (67.2%) has perceived at the middle, and the next

beiow (18.5%) has perceived at the high level. @etails in table 9)

Table 9 Numbers and percentage of the aging information perception

Agrng information perception level Numbers Percentage


Middle (scores 12 - 17 )

Higlr (scores over than 17 )

58

274

76

t4.2

67.2

18.5

Total 100.0

In consideration of aging information perception in each item, found that the

most (54.9o/o)haveperceived in aging information from television at high level, and the

most (54.9%) has perceive aging information from joumal and periodical book at tow

level. (Details in table 10)

408

il


Fac. of Grad. Studies. Mahidol Univ.

Table 10 Type of the media of aging information'

M.Ed. (Population Education) / 67

I IIigh

(%)

Middle

(%)

Low

(%)Type of media

t

1. Television

2. Radio

3. Newspaper

4. Journal and periodical book

5. Officially document

6. The broadcasting tower

7. The officially

54.9

39.0

22.3

9.3

25.5

34.3

28.7

42.4

43.6

55.1

3s.8

52.9

45.8

59.6

2.7

17.4

22.5

54.9

21.6

19.9

1 1.8

rl

1.5 The education and practices in religious

The results fognd that, the sample educates and practices in religious

activities at the middle to low level, as the most (70.4%) educates and practices at the

middle, the next below (2I.3% and 8.3%) educates and practices at low and high in

sequence. (Details intable 11) .

Table ll Numbers and percentage of religious education and practices

Religious education and practices level Numbers Percentage

Low (score less than 12 )

Middle (score 12-19)

High (score over than 19 )

87

287

34

2t.3

70.4

8.3

aTotal 100.0408


Chatchaiyakarn Suknann Results / 68

ln consideration of the educates and practices in religious activities by each

items found that. the most educates and practices in religious activity at the middle (3 -I

5 times per month) in all activitl-. Which the most often go to the temple for food

offering and listening the Buddha teaching on holy day (53.4%). Food offering to the

priest in every morning (44.6%). reading the teaching of the Buddha (57.8%) and

listening the teaching of the Buddha exhibition (60.0%) (Details in table 12)

Table 12 Percentage of the religious education and practices

Religious education and practices High

(%)

Middle Irow

(%) (%)

1. Go to the temple for offering and listening to drama

in holy day

2. Food offering to the priests in the moming

3. Praying before sleep

4. Helping activity in the temple

5. Talk in the teaching of the Buddha with the priests

6. Reading the teaching of the Buddha

7. Listening teaching of the Buddha exhibition

40.4 53.4 6.1I

39.7

43.1

39.2

20.3

13.7

20.8

44.6

43.6

54.2

55.6

57.8

60.0

15.7

t3.2

6.6

24.0

28.4

19.1!l

1.6 Suggestions of promoted and develop the aging

The results found that, the sample has a suggestion to promoted and develop

the aging at middle to high level, as the most (72.1%)has suggested at middle level, the

next below (15.2%) has suggested at high level, and 12.7 Yohas suggested in low level.

(Details in table 13)


I


Table 13 Numbers and percentage of suggestion of promoted and develop the aging

Suggested to promoted and develop the aging Numbers Percentage

Low (score less than 21 )


High (score over than 37 )

52

294

62

12.7

72.1

15.2

I

Total 408 100.0

. In consideration to the suggestion of promoted and develop the aging in each

item, found that the sample has suggested to promote and develop the aging at middle

level (l-3 times per year) in all activrty. By the most (51.0%) has suggested managing

health care service, as protection, promotion, and treatnent and recover ability for aging

in the middle. The same to the suggestion to support the public sector as the temple, the

school and the public health center perform the activity for information exchange

between the aging and the other (56.9%). The suggestion to recover the cuter and

tradition that related to respect aging and the parent, as Songkran day or in the mother

day etc. (53.7%)

In the otherwise the most (45.3%) has suggested to manage the useful

education for the agng at the middle level, and the most (49.0%) has the middle

suggestion to manage the money for aging who can not alive by self. (Detail in table 14)

t


a


Tables 14 Percentage of the suggestion to promote and develop aging divided b5' items

High Middle LowSuggestion of promote and develop the aging level

(%) (%) (%\

1. Promote and support health care service, as

protection, promotion, fieatment and recover ability for

the aging

2. Promote and support to education management that 21.1 45.3 21.1

useful for the aging

3. Promote and support the manage the aging 22.5 49.s z7.g

I education to teach in knowledge and experience that

make appreciated to them

4. Promote and support the public sector as temple, 3l.l 56.9 r2,0

school and health center to manage activity to activity

for exchange information between aging and other

population

5. Promote and support the religiousry activity for zg.z sz.g lg.9

educated and practiced to population, especially aging.t6. Promote and support the activity to make income 29.4 4g.0 2l.6

for aging alive.

7. Promote and support aging to working for enough 23.g 4g.3 27.0

and equal income

8. Promote and support the appropriate technology for z4.o 56.1 lg.g

aging labor- saving.


a

Fac. of Grad. Studies. Mahidol Unir,. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 7l

Tables l4 Percentage of the suggestion to promote and develop aging divided by items

(cont.)

Suggestion of promote and develop the aging levelHigh

(%)

Middle

(%)

Lorr'

(%)

9. Promote and support the extended family for make t9.6 53.9 53.9

warmly for aging.

I l.Promoted and support to recover cuter and tradition

that relate to respect aging and parent, as Songkran day

or in the mother day ect.

12. Promote and support the society welfare as health,

occupation, alive place and relax place for aging

40.0 53.7

26.0 52.5

13.7

21.6I

t

1.7 The experience to promote and develop the aging

The results found that, the sample have experienced to promote and develop

the aging at the middle level, as the most (72.3%) have experienced at the middle level,

the next below (14.2%, 13.5P/o) has experienced at the middle and high level in

sequence. @etails in table 15)

Table 15 Numbers and percentage of experience to promoted and develop the aging

Experienced to promoted and develop aging Number Percentage


Middle (scores 20-37)


57

290

54

14.2

72.3

13.5

408I

Total 100.0


I

Chatchaiyakam Suknarin Results "

7?

Consideration in each item of experience to promote and develop aging

found that. the most sample have experience at the middle (l-3 times per years) in every

activities. 81'the sample have a middle experience in supporting and promoting to the

health center. school and the temple manage the information exchange activity between

the aging and the other population (62.0%). The most have a middle experience in

promote and support to recovering a cuter and tradition that reveal the respect to the

aging and parent, as Songkran day or in the mother day etc. (60.8%). Addition to the

middle experience in supporting and promoting the religion activity that emphasize the

principle of Buddha leaming, and practical for all population, especially the aging.

(6r.0%)

Also to the most sample have a middle experience in supporting and

promoting the health care service to the aging. (49.8%), supporting and promoting

education management for the aging (43.9%) and supporting the activity that the agrng

has oppornrnity to publicize their knowledge and experience for the respected and

appreciated from the human in society. (48.3%) (Details in table 16)

Table 16 Percentage of experience to promote and develop aging divided by items

Experience in promote and develop

agrng

t

I IIigh

(%)

Middle

(%)

Low

(%)

1. Promote and support the health care service, as

health protection, health promotion, treatment and

recover ability for aging

2. Promote and support to education management

that useful for the aging

27.0 49.8 25.3

t

t6.7 43.9 39.s



Table 16 Percentage of experience to promote and develop aging divided by items

(cont.)I

t

Experience in promote and develop High Middle Low

aging (%) (%\ (%)

3. Promote and support the management for the 22.3 48.3 29.4

aging teach in their knowledge and experience for

make appreciated to them

4. Promote and support the public sector as temple, 25.0 62.0 13.0

school and health center to manage activity to

activrty for exchange information between aging

and other population

5. Promote and support the religion activity for 20.0 61.0 18.4

educated and practiced to the population, especially

aging.

6. Promote and support the activity to added 23.0 54.9 22.1

income for aging.

7. Promote and support the aging to work for 18.4 53.9 27.7

enough and equal income

8. Promote and support the appropriate technology 16.9 58.6 24.5

for aging labor- saving.

9. Promote and support the extended family for 26.2 53.4 20.3

make warmly for the aging.

|l



Table 16 Percentage of experience to promote and develop aging divided bf items

' (conr.)

Experience in promote and develop High Middle Low

agmg (%) (%) (%)

I

10 Promote and support to fight and establish in 28.7 60.8 10.5

respected and gratefulness valued to aging.

ll.Promoted and support to recover the cuter and 34.4 58.8 6.9

tradition that reveal the respected and appreciated

to the agng and the parent, as Songkran day or in

the mother day, etc.

l2.Promote and support the society welfare as 24.0 56.6 lg.4

health, occupation, alive place and relax place for

aging

1.8 The perception of aging expectation

The results found that, the most sample have perceived in aging developed

expectation at the middle to low level, as the most (76.5 Yo) have perceive at middle

level, the next below (I3.0yo,10.5%) have perceived at low and high level in sequence.

(Details in table 17)

t


I


Table 17 Numbers and percentage of the perception in aging developed expectation.

Perception in aging expectation to promoted and Numbers percentage

developed


Middle (scores 18 - 33)


53

312

43

13.0

76.5

10.5

I

Total 408 100.0

In consideration of perception in aging expectation in each item fowrd that,

most of the sample (48.3%) have perceive the aglng expectation to get the special

treatnent welfare more than other people at high level.

The furthermore, the most sample has perception at the middle in the item as

follow, the aging has expected to use their ability for themselves and the society

usefulness (55.4%). The aging needed the education in the several knowledge for

develop themselves (54.9%), and the agtng want the member in their family and the

other in society has perceived their needed (s3.9%) (details in table lg)

Table 18 Percentage of the perception in aging develop expectation divided by items

Perception in aging expectationHigh Middle Low

(%) (%) (%)

l

1. Expect to get especially treatment so"iety-weiffi 37.7 14.0

management more than other people

48.3

32.12. Expect to get promoted and recovered health care as

exercise activity, educated in right practice.I

44.1 23.8



Table 18 Percentage of perception in aging expectation (cont.)

Results / 76

aPerception in aging expectation

High Middle Low

(%) (%) (%)

3. Expect to educated in several knowledge for develop 15.9 54.9 2w

themselves

4. Expect to the member in family perceive in desire of 26.7 53.9 lg.4

aging

5. Expect opportunity to perform an ability for 20.6 s3.2 26.2

appreciate form society

I 6. Expect to promoted and supported in oppornrnity to 20.1 48.0 3I.9

work in occupation.

7. Expect to take an ability for useful to themselves 25.2 55.4 rg.4

family and community

8. Expect to promoted and supported an adequate 2g.9 4g.g 22.3

income for survive.

9. Expect to family and communities make activity that 39.0 44.4 16.6

t reveal respected and gratefulness to aging.

10. Expect to family and communities take an activity, 29.4 45.g 24.g

that promote a rela:€tion as a place to relax and several

activrty for relax.

11. Expect to take activity for aging to teach a 33.6 46.1 20.3

knowledge as right art, tradition and cultural.

12. Expect get society welfare such as treatmento 38.5 43.I 1g.4oprocure an occupation, and other appropriate relatration


a

Fac. of Grad. Studies. Mahidol Univ, M.Ed. (Population Education) / 7j

1.9 The intention to promote and develop aging

The results found that, the sample intent to promote and develop aging at the

middle to high level. as the most (68.4 %) have intenr at middle level, the next below

Q'I.6yo,l0.A%) have intent at high and low level in sequence. (Details in table l9)

Table 19 Numbers and percentage of the level intention to promot and develop aging

Intention to promote and develop aging Number Percentage

4l

279

88I

Lou' (score less than 36 )


High (score over than 53)

10.0

68.4

2r.6

I

Total 408 100.0

ln consideration to intention of aging promoting and developing in each item

found that the sample have a high intention to develop and support the aging (the most

and most added) into support the aging have a free healthy welfare (77.5%). The.most

(69'6%,68.9%) intent to support the health Organization to manage the special service

for the aging and intent to manage and recover the tradition to reveal the respected and

tle appreciated to the aging in sequence.

The otherwise the sample oriy 46.3%o intent to support the aging collecting,

for do activity to add income for the agrng, and the same (53.2%,53.g%) intention to

manage the firnd for support income to poor aging, and manage the society welfare to

the aging in sequence. (Details in table 20)


ehatchaiyakam Suknarin

t

Table 20 Percentage of inrention ro promote and develop aging divided by i, "-:s

The

Intention of promote most most unsure Litti least

and develop to aging (%) (%) (%) (%.1 %\

'iesults / 78

The

l

1. Support the aging to get fre.

treatnnent

2. Support to publicize the caring and 27.9 34.6 3l.l 6.1 0.2

practiced to aging method to all

family.

3. Support the health organization to 36.5 33.1 23.0 4.7 2.7

take an especially aging ciinic

4. Support to take educated to aging 25.0 36.g 31.6 6.4 0.2

for leam about curing and protection

in their health

5. support to take educated to aging in lg.l 30.9 36.3 12.7 2.0

about the caring infant for participated

with family

6' Support to take aging grouping for 25.2 33.6 3r.6 g.g 0.7

aging to meeting and exchange

information

7. Promote and support the aging to 20.6 2g.g 3g.5 g.6 2.5

publicize in knowledge and

experience to the other.

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Table 20 Percentage of intent to promote and develop aging by each item (cont.)

The most unsure Little The

Intention of promote and develop to most (%) (%) (%) least

aging (%) (%)

I

8. To take the fun for support the 29.2

agmg

9. support the aging grouping to take 2l.l 25.2 3g.0 10.5 5.1

activity for increase income to the

aging

10. Take the tadition and culrurar 46.1 22.9 2g.4 2.5 0.2

activity that relate ro respect and

gratefulness to aging

I I ' Take activity that make 27.7 30.1 33.3 7.4 1.5

opportunity for aging to teaching the

right cultural and tradition knowledge

12. Take the several welfare as 25.0 2g9 35.5 7.g 2.7

healthcare, procure home,

occupation, the lodge and relax place

for aging

1.10 The factors that relate to the intention of promoted and develop the

aglng.

To analyze the factors that relate with the intention of promote and develop

the aging of the member of Tambon Administrative organization, the researcher has use

I


o


the stepwise multiple regression analysis method to test the assumption between

independence variable and dependence variable. The researcher set the symbol and the

meaning for the statistic and the variable, as;

a

The analyzed statistics

T

S.D.

R (multiple R)

R2

b

Beta

SEE

F

The dependence variables

Y=

Independence

X1

x2

X3

x4

X5

x6

x7

X8

= Arithmetic mean

= Standard deviation

Age

Educated level

Occupation

Income

Status

Time period in status

Attitude

Role perception

Multiple regression value

Coeffi cient of determination

Regression coefficient

Standardize regression coefficient

Standard error of estimate

The linear regression test value

Intention of promote and

develop aging

scale measure

interval

interval

nominal

interval

nominal

interval

interval

interval

I


a

Fac. of Grad. Studies. Mahidol Unir,. M.Ed. (Population Education) i 8l

Xq = Information perception interval

XlO = Educated and practical interval

in religiously

Xll = The suggested to promote interval

and develop aging

XI2 : The experience to promote interval

and develop aging

X13 = Aging expectation percepion interval

For the nominal variables, the researcher has use the method of dummy

variables for the harmonious with the principle of the statistical analysis as follow,

l. Educated level (X2)

- Primary school value 0

- Higher than primary school value I

2. Occupation (X4)

- Employee, conrmerce and business value 0

- Agriculturist value I

3. Status (X6)

- Member of Administrative Organization councils value 0

- Administrative committee value I

For the reliable results, the researcher has examined to the characteristic of

data, which appropriated to the analyze statistical, the researcher want the leastI

independence variables to explain the variance of dependence variable, as by test to

t

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i

Charchaiyakarn Suknarin Results / 82

seek a multicollinearlib' \,ariables. that make unreliability to estimate of regression

coeffrcient. (Tawatchai Worapongsatorn quoted in Teerachai Dedkhad. 2001: 95). For

this reason the researcher consider in correlation coeffrcient value between pair of

variable, as calculate by Pearson's Product moment correlation coefficient, amount 56

of 9l pairs of independence variables was relationship at .05 significant and no have a

pair of dependence that value over 0.70. For this reason the researcher will use these 13

variables to analyze the factors that relation with intention of promote and develop

aging. (Details in table 21)

t

I


.r

\n

l&

M.Ed. (Population Education) / 83Fac. of Grad. Studies, MahidolUniv.

ifrn-O\OH::;I+*: !n - !a, ; * - o 99 -o -o\ .+ 1+ -.+ =vc.rc\cUqqqqN=do\d-

n-r"rrrN+N-enc-l

I E -H ,ib 'D I g g -F ": 'fi r- B

*. * n - ' -i q E n q E :

= R t"" .r.i x o - sf, I r :x a x '!I 'iq Y + 5 H"5 =***

=ir'-b:"8 E E E:*\ gX:=;o=qqH\ocn!.

;;;N.Lss8;;;Xa\bU=EPEc.,f--cl-,'9---iJg.l

Pgio*tbI-93I-I-,eX-G555c:-.i E5qci6l-:--1.-".! J

***D*- H",.,:b = S IxSqsE=qE_:-!*pSkBb"".=8nq\\=qci

*&+

Yl tq R t* .i.I- RX N =

oo ,cN y-Y*'N*

<t=os---ciin$\nO-l^q=q-=

I^lp R E ,ieor r i=X 5 'qY.<-

I^FtXXrnY

F

-=

Fxilr*nxFnR;;ilil

I

q)

o

o

(tt()L

(,)

'dc)

' (.)u)I&>lsu)o)srgk(g

o0

h

(h

oO

(.)

Od

alo!L{

oU)

v,GIc.)

N€,

clF

;

a


a

Chatcharyakam Suknarin Results / 84

The analysis found that. there are 8 fJom 14 variables relate to the intention

to promote and develop aging and significant at 0.05. Therefor 6 variables have positive

direction relationship. such as the attitude to aging development (b = 0.343). the

perception to the aging expectation (b = 0.447). status in Organization (b : 3.721).

occupation (b : 2.384). the education and practices in religion activities (b : 0.335), the

perception in aging development role (b = 0.331). The results indicated that if the

member of Tambon Adminisuative Organization have a high attitude to the aging

development, high perception in aging expectation, high perception in aging

development role and high perception and high practical in the religion activity, the

sample will have a high intention to develop the aging too.

The furthennore, the members of administrator committee will have a aging

development intention more than the member of Administrative Organtzatron council,

the same as the member who has occupy in the agriculturist which have more intention

the other occupation.

In the same time, 2 variables have relate to the intention of aging

development on negative direction, such as income of the members (b = -2.432) and the

experience to aging development O = -2.254). It reveal that if the income and theIexperience in aging development increasing, so affected to the decreasing the intention

of aging development,

The attitude to aging development is the most relationship with the intention

(Beta: 0.325) and the next below is the perception in aging expectation @eta :0.324),

status (Beta = 0.191), occupation (Beta = 0.128), the education and practices in religion

activities (Beta: 0.1l9), the perception in aging development role (Beta = 0.118).

e


a


The same time in the variables that relate on negative direction the

experience in aging development has more influence than the income (Beta : -0.174

and -0.109 in sequence)

All the 8 independent variables have relationship with the intention of aging

development at the middle level. (R = 0.603), and able to reply the deviation of the

intention of aging development of the members of Tambon Administrative Organization

at 36.3 o/o (* = 0.363) @etails intable2})

Table 22 T\e stepwise multiple reglession analysis in independence variable that

relationship with intention to promote and develop aging.

Variable Beta Sig. Tt

1. Attitude to promote and develop aging.

2. Perception to aging expectation

3. Status

4. Occupation

7. lncome

8. Agrng information perception

5. Experience in promote and develop aging -.254

6. Educated and practice in religiously .335

.343

.447

3.721

2.384

-2.432

.331

.325

.324

,191

.r28

-.174

.119

-.r09

.l 18

7.489 0.000

6.834 0.000

4.578 0.000

3.078 0.002

-3.700 0.000

2.755 0.006

-2.s95 0.010

2.483 0.013

e

Constant = -2.452

= 408 SEE: 4.667 F:28.545N

R = 0.603

Sig. F = 28.545 R2 : 0.363


I

Chatchaiyakarn, Suknarin

2. The result of qualitative research

Results / 86

The researcher will bring the results for discussion with the quantitative

research. for a clearly of the phenomenon and dimension of the research. the studied

divide in steps as follows.

The interviews of the members of Tambon Administrative Organization.

deputies of Tambon Administrative Organization. the data component as follows;

- The general data such as age, sex, educated level, occupation, stafus in the

Organization, income, ild the time period in status of the member of Tambon


- The attitude to the aging problem and the aging development which implied

to the mind about the aging, the aging trouble and the attitude to the aging development.

- The role perception to aging development, which implied to the role

perception to aging development of the member of Tambon Administrative

Organization.

- The aging' information perception which implied to the perception in the

aging' information as the houble of the aging, the aging development information by

the mass of media as television, radio, newspaper and the other.

- The education and practical in the religion. Which implied to the education,

training and the practical in the religion activity, as the offering the food to the priest,

the merit and the praying in the evening, reading the teaching of the Buddh4 the

listening of the exhibition of Bucldha teaching and the helping of the temple activity.

- The suggestion to perform the aging development activity, which implied to

the suggestion by the other to develop the aging, when has status in the members of

Tambon Administrative Organization.

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Unir,. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 87

- The experience of the aging development, which implied to the experience

of the Administrative Organization'rnembers to act in activity of aging development.

- The aging' expectations perception, which implied the perception to the

aging development needed, addition to the helping needed of the aging.

- The intention of promote and develop the agrng, which implied to the mind

that reveal to the aglng development, and addition to the plans and project to develop

the aging of Tambon Administrative Organization.

The aging interview, the data has component as follows;

- The data relate to age, sex, income, status, life condition and occupation.

- The daily activity.

- The trouble of them.

- The supporting and the development needed.

- The minds of aging development of Tambon Administrative organization.

2.1 the data of the qualitative research

The generals' data and the intention of develop the aging, which implied by

the key informant, such as the 5 members and 2 deputies of Tambon Administrative

Organization. The researcher will use the alias rurme, and present in individually and

conclude in the later as follows:

The result of interviewed

Inteniew of number I

IvIr. Kai (alias name) chairman of Administrative Committee, 58 years old,

occupied in the employee and the confractors in the past and business nowadays. He has

income amount 300,000 bahts per years, a value of property is over l0 millions. Mr. Kai

a

I


{l


is studying in bachelor's degree" the pasl he was been Kamnan and a headman of the

village. He is in the first time of the member of Tambon Administrative Organizalron.

and has period time in l-2 years. Ir4r. Kai has volunteer to pay back a virtue of the

community, because think that the old Administrative committee was a cheat behavior.

So that essential to Administrative by self because 6f the fully of his family.

Mr. Kai has respect to the aging experience and knowledge especially the

aging. which had retired from the govemment official, so he has invited these aging to

be a developed consultant. In the otherwise Mr. Kai think that the aging has not an

income trouble, because their famil)' can supported them especially the aging in the

urban. But the aging should be lonely because of the decreasing of their family's

maintain when sickness. And addition, nowadays the society has less respect the aging,

because the decreasing of the kinship relationship, and the cause of the unequal of

property division to their children, these cause to conflict in their children's mind. ln

addition the selfish of the later generation that made a shatter in their kin, so the

children should not respect to their parent, and effected to the later childhood. So the

aging should not has a really maintain for them.

In the same time, Mr. Kai has opinion that the aging has essential to

supported and developed, because they has yet a potential of the knowledge and the

experience to make useful for the society in the directly and indirectly method. Such as

the increasing income for their family, or being a good example for the childhood, that

ought to make the peaceful for the national.

"The aging development is similar to develop their family, if the aging has

developed, their family has happiness too. If the aging has money so they will not

t

t


I


disturb the childhood, and desired the aging practice to the example and being the

consultant for the children and society'

Otherwise he think that, their family should have more role to maintain the

aging than the Tarnbon Administrative Organization. Because this role is a delicate

mind, so that the developing will be develop to the family or the society mind, to be the

virnre society and make the thinking human more than the knowledge human.

Mr. Kai perceive as Tambon Administrative Organization has role to look

after, supporting and developing the aging, such as helping the poor &grng, supporting

to the agrng health care, or support the aging collecting to perform activity. But Mr. Kai

has opinion that, Tambon Administrative Organization has not clearly in role

transformation. Such the selecting a poor aging is not a role of them, but it is a duty of

the headman of the village and Karnnan, in addition to the law that has provide the role

in roughly. If Ta:rrbon Administrative Oryaruzation has perform in this duty, it may has

a conflict on them. So that the law should has provide the duty in more clearly.

He has perceive the aging information by the mass of media in less, because

he has not like to watching the television or listening the radio, but he can perceive the

agtng inforuration by contact directly to the aging or by the other.

He had lived in the temple in childhood age, and he had go into the

priesthood in the past, so he has opinion that the teaching of Buddha is essential to

apply for practical in diary life. But nowadays the priest unable to teach the human to

practice in the teaching of Buddha.

Mr. Kai has not suggested promoting and developing the aging in directly,

but he also has suggested by the other, only the income supporting to the poor aging.

I

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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Resula / 90

He has not experience to promote and develop the aging directly. He has only

support the money to the poor aging who has not supported by the bureau of society

welfare, because the aging that has supported by the bureau, the most are the kin of the

Kumnan or the headman of village, the real poor has not supported.

In the other experience, he has supported the aging to plant the non-poison

vegetable, but this project has failed because it has not a good responsibility by the

aging and their family, they want a supporting in every thing.

Mr. Kai has perceive the aging needed by the civil society procedure, found

that the aging has participated in less, they have not.needed the direct development to

them, also they have demand to the infrastructure likely the other.

He has opinion to search the real trouble data and needed of the aging in first,

the aging must to understand making in the agrng developing role of Tambon

Administrative Organization, addition to reflect their touble, potential and their needed.

He also wants to support to the aging collecting in the temple, for relor, meeting by

emphasize to the spiritual of mind, and make more the aging warmly. So in the 5-year

plan of Tambon Administative Organization had provided the budget to aging

development.

Mr. Kai has invited the aging to participate in Tambon development planning,

and he has planned to invite the aging, which has an experience and knowledge. Such as

the retirement transfer their knowledge and their experience to the childhood and the

other, and plan to make the aging to be the example for their child.

In the trouble to aging development, he has not sympathy with every member,

and loses of the aging data such as the trouble, the needed of the aging. And Tarnbon

Administrative Organization has various roles, thus the Organtzation has not act to

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Unir,. M.Ed. (Popularion Education) / 9l

cover all duty. cause of a few human resource. the aging development method has

complexity' and the other has opinion to the aging development as, it is not imponance

and not useful for the Organization. Thus Mr. Kai has think that it should to construct

the thought of aging development to the members. family and the others.

"The organize able to develop the aging by role, but it hard to be efficiency',

in addition Mr. Kai think that the aging has not understand and not sincere

the develop themselves, especially the occupation development, they has lose of

enduring. That may be cause by they have equal money, or not supporting by their

family.

Analysis

The sample behavior

Mr. Kai has a secure in economy, has ideal to working for community. He

has opinion that the retirement government officer is useful for development, so invited

them to developed consultant. He has attitude to the aging in positive direction, as the

aging has the worth for make useful for them and society. And he believe that the aging

in urban has not hard in life, because of their family able to maintain them. But the

aglng will be lonely because the children have a time to maintain the aging in less, and

nowadays the people in society have respected the aging in less too. The human has

only the knowledge but has not the thought. According to the aging development, he

has opinion'that necessaxy to develop the aging, but it must been sympathy with all

members, addition to the participatory with the aging and their family.

Role Perception

Mr. Kai has perceived in agipg development role that provided by the law.

But he perceive in the rough, not perceive in a detail of procedure and hesitate to

I

I



perform the activitl'to develop aging. because of has not yet transferred in duty of aging

maintain.I

The experience in develop the aging

Mr. Kai has use the retirement of the government offrcer to consult in the

development. But he has not use the potential from the normal aging, because he think

that the people in Tambon areas has not need to the knowledge of them. He was use to

promote to the aging occupation, but it was fail because it has not responsibility. But he

alwal's act the activity as, splashing water for the aging in Songkran Day, for respect

performance for the aging, and money supporting for the poor aging.

The aging infomation perceptionl

Mr. Kai has perceived the aging information by contact the aging in directly,

more than perceive by the mass media.

The suggestion to agrng promoting and development

Mr. Kai has suggested promoting and developing the aging at low level, only

the begging to supported the money from the Organization that relate to the aging

development, such as the public health center or the provincial society welfare office.

The perception of the agingrs expectation

Mr. Kai has perceive that, the aging need to the warmly in their family, and

need to have a meeting with the other aging more than the money helping. Because in

the procedure of civil society, the aging has not call for anything that relate to the aglng

development in directly, the aging only beg to the infrastructure likely the other

population. But Mr. Kai has think that the aging necessary to the occupation

developing, for income added to themselves and their family, and effected to the growtl

of commune economv.

t


ffiC


Intention of the aging promoting and developing

Mr. Kai has intent to develop the aging by emphasize in the spiritual mind,

he intent to support the aging collecting for the meeting of the aging, addition intention

to manage a health care service for them. As in the efficiency aging development, it

must beginning at the aging family, so study the aging trouble and needed data. And

must making understand in aging for the member of Tambon Administrative

Organization, the aging and the other, cause to change the human practical, change the

thought to more intention to develop the aging than the past, that may be use a long

time. So that in the short time, the aging development rnay be the money supporting to

the poor aging, perform to the splashing water to the aging in Songkran festival, or

support the health center to act for the aging. The activity that develop the aging

directly, it must use a time to prepare the member of Tambon Administrative

Organization and their family in the future.

Conclusion

Mr. Kai has intent to develop and promote the aglng at the middle level. It is

decreasing than the past,,because he believe that the member of Tambon Administrative

Organization, the aging, the family and the community has not yet readiness to develop

the aging. In addition to the un-clearly of the duty transference, the member has not the

knowledge and the understand to the developmen! and addition to the aglng and family

has not needed to the aglng developmen! so that in a short time the activity can perforrr

only the easy activitY.

Intelview of number 2

Mrs. Khai (alias name); female, 42 years, a housewife occupation, the highest

education in bachelor's degree, amount income 400,000 bah'ts per yqu, a status in a

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Administrative committeeo she has been a member of Tambon Administrative

Organization in two times, and has period time over than 5 years. In the first time has

been by the status of headman of the village. She likes to act in society welfare activity,

nowadays she is the chair of the provincial development volunteer assembly, and

committee of national development volunteers assembly, so she always contacted with

the non government Organization. ln the last year, she had allowed the budget from the

Society lnvestrnent Fund (SIF) amount 80,000 bahts, and supported a budget by the

provincial society welfare office amount 50,000 bahts for aging development in

Tambon.

She has opinion that the aging is the experience and knowledge human,

especially the retirement officer, the urban agng will have a lonely because they has

abandoned from their childhood all the daytime. The retirement officer has not the

income trouble, otherwise the aging who has migrated with their poor child. Mrs. Khai

has thought that the aging is likely her parent, and she will be a aglng in the future, so

that it will have plan to develop the aging for their quatity of life. Also to the economic

pressing in the family, makes the family can maintain the aging in fully, the people has

respect to the aging in less, so that everybody will be sympathy to look after the aging.

Mrs. Khai has perceive in agrng developing role in well, because she has

more experience and participated to the aging development, and in her working she has

invited the aging, such as the retirement, a chainnan of the aging, participated in the

civil society procedure. For seek and solve the problem in their Tambon area.

She has perceived the aging information by the mass of media in less,

because the mass has presented the aglng information in less. She has perceived the

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, MahidolUniv M.Ed. (Population Education) / 95

aging information by contacted u'ith the aging directly, and contacted with the non-

government, so she u'ill have more understand to the aging trouble.

In the aging expectation. she can perceive by the civil society procedure. She

founds that the aging has needed to the infrastructure for a comfortable as such as the

other people. In the begging that directly to aging, they begged the comfortable things

for their activity, as the exercise, the visual education, and the relaxation. The less has

begged to the occupation supporting.

The intention of aging developing, Tambon Administrative Organization that

Mrs. Khai works has provide the budget to support the poor aging amount 250,000

bahtss, supporting the exercise activity arrrount 300,000 bahts, set up the center of

health service amount 300,000 bahts, and occupation supporting amount 650,000 batrts.

And act the water splashing to the aging on every Songkran festival day, and she

interests to manage the aging to teach the other. and plan to manage the place for the

poor aging living.

Analysis

The sample behavior

Mrs. Khai, 42 yearsold, a housewife who has a highest educated at bachelor

degree, the member of Administrative committee that has time period in status over 5

years, and has been at the second time of the member of Tambon Ad.ministrative

Organization, has a middle economy status. She has experience to the society welfare

activity with all govenrment and non-government Organization, so she has liked to the

society welfare activity.

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? Copyright by Mahidol University

I

chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Results / 96

Attitude to the aging development

Mrs' Khai thinks that. the aging is the human that has more knowredge andexperience' especially the aging who is retirement from the govemment, they w1r havea useful for development' so that nowadays Tambon Administrative organization hasinvited them to help in the Tambon development. This area has less of poor aging, all ofthem are the aging who has migrated with their poor child family. I\drs. Khai hasopinion that every aging will have a lonely, because they have not a maintain, so that itessential to manage a activity to decreasing of the lone of the aging, and able to makesthe useful for the society.

Agng information perception

Mrs' Khai has perceived the aging information by the mass of medid in theIess' she has perceived the aging information by contacted with the aging directly, andcontacted with the non_government.

Role perception

Mrs' Khai has perceive the aging development role as well, so that she able tounderstand details of the aging activity, as the health care service, the exercise activitv.addition invite the retired aging to consurtant of Tambon deveropment.

The suggestion of aglng promoting and development

vfu' Kai has suggested promoting and deveroping the aging at low lever, onlythe begging to supported the money from the oryaai,ution that relate to the aglngdevelopment' such as the public health center or the provincial society welfare office.

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The perception of the aging's expectation

Mrs' Khai has perceive the aging needed at well, because of she has

contacted with the non-govemment and experience in aging developing, as invite the

aging to consult Tambon development, in the civil society procedure.

Intention of the agrng promoting and developing

Mrs' Khai has intent to promote and develop the aging at high level, in

several means. Because she has understood in these means, and thought that, the aglng

is a kinship of everybody, the aging development is essential to national development.

Conclusion

Mrs' Khai has a high intention to aging developing,by actthe several activity

to develop the aging' addition join and support the other to act, because she has a high

ability, a potential, an experience and a positive to aging development.

Interview of number 3

Nh' Chai (alias name), male, 40 years, agriculturist occupation, the highest

education in junior secondary school, has income amount 80,000 bahts per year, as,utus

in a member of Administrative organization council in the fust time and has period

time in 1-2 years. In the last 20 years he had migrated their family to work in Bangkok

and had a retied from the job.

He has live in a pattern of kinship relation society and has a many elder in

him kin' He respect to the elder and thought that the child has role to maintain the elder,

but cause to some aging can not adjust for the society change, and some has abandoned

from the family, so the aging potential development is essentially, for the happiness ofthe aging.

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He has believe that the aging must be lonely, and so much to the aging whom

has left by their child. and the aging has decrease their role, the less of kinship relation,

addition to the competition or the selfish society, cause a trouble to the aging.

Mrs. Chai has not convinced to role of aging development, he has perceive

the aging information in sometime b5' the television, or the aging development of other

village.

Mr. Chai had use to been a priest by tradition, know in the base of Buddha

teaching. But now he has only go to the temple in sometime. He has a less experience in

aging development because has a little time in this status.

He has perceived that some aglng are poor and has a trouble, and need in

several things as a love, an understood. But they need a health service the most, by the

aging has not need to the occupation supporting. So that Tambon Administative

Organization has not essential to develop the aging, it is a family role, and the aging

must help on themselves in more, and in this status he can only support some money for

the poor aglng.

Analysis

Sample behavior

Mr. chai, 4l years old, male, the highest educated at junior secondary school,

the member of Administrative Organization council, that has time period in status l-2

years, has a middle economy status.

Attitude to the aglng development

Mr. Chai thinks that, the aging trouble is the individual trouble or the family

trouble, the aging and their family should help themselves and Tambon Ad^ministrative

will be in some trouble for the poor aging.

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Agrng information perception

. Mr. Chai has perceived the aging information by the mass of media in the

less, She has perceived the aging information by contacted with the aging directly.

Role perception

Mr. Chai has perceived the aging development role as low, because he has not

a status in administrative committee, and addition to the less experience in this status.


Mr. Chai has suggested to the promoting and developing the aging at low

level, because has not status in the Administrative committee.


Mr. Chai has perceived the aging needed at low, because he thought that it is

the fa:nily role.


Mr. Chai has intent to promote and develop the aging at low level, because

he has not understand the aging development role because has not status in the

administrative committee.

Conclusion

Mr. Chai has a low intention to aging developing, because the low positive

attitude to develop the aging, addition to the low role perception, low experience, low

information perception, &d thought that it is the duty of their family and the

administative committee.

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Interwiew of number 4

Mrs' Noi (alias name) 45 years old, female, agriculturist, in the past was the

headman of the village, the highest educated at primary school, the member of

Administrative Organization council, trryice and the period in this status over than 5

years, income 100,000 bahts per year.

She has respect to the aging as the teacher of the society, that useful for

childhood and the society. But the present the aging has a decreasing of the important to

their children and the other, cause by the children has educated more high level, so they

have not needed to continuos the aging knowledge.

She has believe that there has a little poor aging in society, but increase than

pasL the Otgantzanon has supported the money for them already. She has not agree

with the agtng developmen! because believe that it has not worthy in economic, the

aging is the last aged and not useful for developed, but should be only supported the

money for the poor aging.

She has perceived the aging information in sometime by the television, and

directly the aging. And she has a role to plan with the Organization in the less, because

she is not a member of Administrative committee, opinion that the aging has been

developed from Tambon Organization in adequate.

Mrs. Noi has opinion thaq Tambon Administative Oryanization able support

the related Oryanization to develop the aging, but she has not convince that if the

Organization will do in this, because the lack of knowledge, officer and the method. So

that she has not especially to intention of develop the aging, because it is the role of the

administative committee.

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Fac. of Grad. Studies. Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / l0l

Analysis

Sample behavior

Mrs. Noi. 45 years old. the highest educated at primary school, the member

of Administrative Organization council that has time period in status more than 5 years.


Mrs. Noi thinks, the aging has valued as the teacher of society, the aging has

less valued for the family and society because they is ancient in knowledge, and

outmoded. The aging development has not worth for economic cost, because they have

a little time in their life.


Mrs. Noi has perceived the aging information by the mass of media in the

less, She has perceived the aging information by contacted with the aging directly.

Role perception

Mrs. Noi has perceived the aglng development role as low, because she has

not a status in adminisfative committee, and opinion that the member has low abilitv.


Mrs. Noi has suggested to the promoting and developing the aging at low

level, because has not status in the Administative committee.

The perception of the aging,s expectation

Mrs. Noi has perceived the aging needed at low, because she thought that it

is an administrator committee role.

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I Mrs. Noi has intent to promote and develop the aging at low level, because

she has not understand the aging development role because has not status in the

Administrative committee.

Conclusion

Mrs. Noi has a low intention to aging developing, because the low positive

attitude to develop the aging, addition to the low role perception, low experience. low

information perception, and thought that it is the duty of Administrative committee.

Inteniew of number 5

Ivh. Rit (alias name) 64 years old, chairman of Administrative committee,

business man, high economy status, income 3,000,000 bahts/years, and the first time in

the member of Tambon Administrative Organization and the period in this status less

than I year, and educated in primary school.

He thought the aging has the worsen being than the past. Because the unequal

in their income, especially the aging has not get a wamrly by their family, their children

has a less respected to them, addition to the pressure of economic condition and

degenerate of the moral, and the society condition make the younger cannot maintain

the aging well.

He thought the aging should be have a work and participated together for

reduce their lonely, some aging has potential to make a useful for the society. Tambon

Administative Organizationonly support a little money for the poor aging, because the

Organization has a tiny budget for development, the most budget will be used in usual

expense, such as the officer salary and the material.

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, MahidolUniv. M.Ed. (Population Educarion) / 103

Mr- Rit is a churchwarden in the temple, so that he will be usually

participated to maintain the religion. He has percept that Tambon Administative

Organization has role to develop and support the aging, but able do in a little, because

the Organizationhas not yet the completely, there has not a suggestion from the other.

Analysis

Sample behavior

Mr. rit, 64 years old, the highest educated in primary school, the chairman of

Administrative organization committee, that has time period in lower I year, and he has

a high economy status. He has experience work on the represent of the local

government such as the municipality.

Attitude to the agng development

Mr' Rit has sympathizedto the aging and percept in the society changing that

eflected to the agtng. So that the aging will be lonely, has a lack respect from their

family and society. According the aging will need in these thing, but Tambon

Administrative organization has not an ability to solve all trouble, it causes by their

family and the society construct.

Role perception

Mr. Rit has perceived the aging development role as low, because he has

perceive only support money for poor aging and manage the sprinkle water for the aging

on Songkran festival. perceive the role in the way of innovation in less.


Mr. Rit has perceived the aging information at the middle to low level. he

has some perception by a television publicize and,contact the aging directly.

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The suggestion of agrng promoting and development

Mr. Rit has suggested to the promoting and developing the aging at low

level, because has not status in the Administrative committee.


Mr. Rit has perceived the aging needed at low, because he thought the aging

need only the warm by their famill'and the money in the poor aging, never need in the

other things.

Intention of the a$ng promoting and developing

Mr. Rit has intent to promote and develop the aging at the middle to low

level. He has only push to support the money for the poor aging, and supporting the

activity of sprinkle water for the aging on Songkran festival, he has not intend to

develop in advance activity.

Conclusion

It/r. Rit has intended to develop the aging at the middle level. Because he is

an older too, but he sympathize to the aging in their trouble, low role perception, low

experience' low information perception, and thought develop the aging in give helping

in their trouble, not advantage or innovation way.


Mr' Tong (alias name) 34 years old, deputy of Tambon Administrative

Organization, educated in bachelor degree. He has a time in status 2 yearc,he thought

that the aging has not any more ftouble in their life, they will have a role and

participated with the society less than the past, and he think that it is a natural of the life.

And so the aging must use more money than the past, ttrejr witt be more trouble. So that

the aging will be reduce their role in society and effected to their respected.

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He has perceived and understood that Tambon Administrative Organization

has duty to develop the aging in several role. But can not do in all role, it,s potential

only supporting the money to the poor aging, md manage the sprinkle water in

Songkran festival, addition to supporting the activity that the health center do. So the

activity that innovate to the advantage of aging can not manage.

Nowadays the govemment has the policy "one product one Tambon', so that

Tambon Administrative Organizationhas think that it should use ability in weave cloth

of the aging to publicize to the other. So that the Organization will use these aging pass

on their knowledge make income for the people in Tambon.

"The committee has not often talk about the aging development, they talk

about the infrastructure building"

He thought that the mass has publicize the aging information in the less, the

information of the aging has able to know by directly contact to the aging.

In the issue of Tambon development, he thinks that the Organization has

always make only the ffiastructure, because they always aware in this way and the tiny

income of Organization. But in the future it may be has a more human development.

So that the aging must help themselves, because nowadays the society

condition is a selfish, Tambon Administrative Orgaruzation has ability only suppon

some money to poor aging, and promote to the activity that reveal the respect to the

aglng. By cause the organizationhas not ready to do the other activity.

Behavior analysis

Mr. Tong, the deputy of Tambon Administrative Organization, has a time in

this status over 4 years, so he will have experience in this status in the first time that the

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organization has set up. So he will be understood in the thought and the role of the

member of rambon Administrative organizationso well.

Attitude to the aging development

Mr' Tong has sympathized to the poor aging and percept in the society

changing that effected to the aging. So that the aging will be lonely, has a lack respect

from their family and society. But they must more helping b1. themselves because the

Organization has a tiny budget to developing.

Role perception

Mr' Tong thinks the members of Tambon Administrative Organization have

perceived the aging development role as low, they have perceive role only in tradition

role as supporting the money' or manage the sprinkle water for the aging on Songkran

festival.


Mr. Tong has perceived the aging information at the middle to low level. he

has some perception by a television publici ze andcontact the aging directly.

The suggestion of aging promoting and development

Mr' Tong thinks that the members of Tambon Administrative Organi zation

have suggested to the promoting and developing the aging at low level.

The perception of the aging expectation

Mr' Tong has perceived the aging expectation at low, because he thought the

aging need only the warm by their family and the money in the poor aging, never need

in the other things.

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, MahidolUniv. M.Ed. (Population Education) / t07


t Mr' Tong thought the member of Tambon Administrative Organization has

intent to promote and develop the aging at the middle to low level. They only push to

support the money for the poor aging, and supporting the activity of sprinkle water for

the aging on songkran festival. They have not intended to develop in advance activity.

Conclusion

Mr' Tong thinks that the members of Tambon Administrative Organi zation

have intended to develop the aging at the middle level. They have intended by their

perception in role and the aging expectation and the begging of the other organi zation.

* So that Tambon Administrative organization will develop by these, such as provide the

money for the poor aging, manage the sprinkle water for respected reveal to the aglng

and provide the money to support the activity to the other Organi zation.


\dr' M (alias name) age 35, a deputy of Tarnbon Administrative organization,

highest educated in bachelor degree, has experience in this status in 5 years, he has

opinion that the aging is the human who should be respected and appreciated. But

nowadays the aging has more touble than the past, which causes by the less ofrelationship with their child and kinship. But he think it does not more effected to the

agrng life, so the aging must being by individuality. The urban aging must be decreasing

the role because the crowed of the population, which the aging who has role in societv

must be the experience, talent and authority.

He thinks that there has many the abandoned aging in Tambon , but it is the

nafi[e, it unable to be avoided. so the aging necessary to endure to the touble. perhaps

the aling should have a hobby at home, for reduce their lone. In the same time Mr. M

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perceived that Tambon Administrative Organization has duty only support the money

for the poor aging and manage the activity to respected and appreciate the aging. In the

other way the member of Tambon Administrative Organization has not intend to

develop, because Tambom Administrative Organization has not a readiness to act, such

as a person, budget. So that the members of Tambon Adminisfiative Organization has

not yet to act in this activity. And the cause of the area of his Tambon Administrative

Organizatron has located closely with the municipal are4 so that it must be essential to

make developing in alike it. Such as make a facility in street, electricity for equal to

those areas.

In Mr. M's Organization it has make a change for the aging that has an

experience and knowledge to participated in Tambon development, such as the

retirement offrcer. By a normal aging has not an oppornrnity.

Analysis

The urban Tambon Administrative Organization will have the aging who has

retired in status of consultant, reveal that Tambon Administative Organization has

develop the aging to publicize their knowledge and experience to help society

development. The otherwise the poor aglng has develop by support the money and

manage the activity to reveal the respected and appreciated to the aging in Songkran

festival.

Attitude to the agrng development

Mr. M has perceived that the aging has degenerate in biological, the aging

must be lonely in the society condition, and they should perceive in their limit because

it is a nature of life.

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Role perception

Mr. M thinks the members of Tambon Administrative Organization have

perceived the aging development role as low. thelr [au" perceived role only in tradition

role as supporting the money, or manage the sprinkle water for the aging on Songkran

festival.

The suggestion of agrng promoting and development

I\ft. M thinks that the members of Tambon Administrative Organizrtion

have suggested to the promoting and developing the aging at low level.

The experience in aging development

Mr. M has intent to develop the aging in the same activity that practiced in

daily year, such as supporting the money, or manage the sprinkle water for the aging on

Songkran festival.

Conclusion

Tambon Administrative Organization has intend to develop the aging in the

activi$ that use to act in the past year, in the urban the aging which retired from the

officer has participated in the development, and they has intent to develop the aging in

defensive in the trouble. By the aglng trouble has importance less than the infrastructure

developing.

The aging interviews

The aging no 1

Mr. Rung (alias name) 67 years, married, high educate in high secondary

school and occupation in agriculturist, income 120,000 baht/year, 2 daughter and I son

and married already. Now he stays with the second daughter who is the government

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offtcer and the economic status at the middle level, or so rvell if compare with the

neighborhoods.

Mr' Rung has intent to retired from the work in agriculturist in the next year,

because the degenerate of his biological, and he has a firm economy, in the next year he

will has income amount 60,000 bahts/year from the farmland rental. He thinks that able

to alive because he has money supporting from his child added, and the rural has not

been an expense on the cost of living.

He has not plan to work in the future, only the tiny work, such as earning in a

fighting cock provider, growth the vegetable and earning in a fishery. The other he has

not intent to do yet.

He thinks that the young generation has respected and appreciated the aging

in the less, because the changing in society condition, that makes the more selfish

human and the condition of individualism that make the conflict in society. So the aging

has more abandoned from their child, because the pressure of the economy. So that the

aging must work a hobby for decrease the lone and the tension.

In his community, IvIr. Rung has always participated in community

development, such as the committee in the village fund, the committee of the

cooperative societyity. As he has a happiness to help a village, and essential to manage

for the growth of village.

He has expected to the special health care service in sometime, because his

health has yet strongly condition, and expected to occupation supporting in the way ofbasketry.

In conclusion, he has implied that Tambon Administrative organization has

not emphasized to the aging development, it emphasizes to develop in the infrastructure.

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Conclusion

The sfongly aging has expected.to have a work or a hobby for added income

for them and family. The potential aging will have participated with the community by

being in the committee of the village, that decrease the lonely and the rural aging has

not an expense in the cost of living.

The aging no.2

'Mrs. Dang (alias name) 79 years old, widow and not earning in occupation,

she has 3 children that manied and separated already. Now she has stay with the family

of her poor son, which usually stay at the farm. Mrs. Dang has usually sickness and

usually treated by buy drug from a shop in a village, or cure by the nurse in village.

Mrs. Dang has opinion that the life must fight and help by sel{ therefor it will

be a load duty of the child. She earn by domesticate hen and pig that able make the

income to her amount 10,000 per 5 years, addition to growth the vegetable for sustain

her life in daily.

Her son has not an enough income to sustain the family, because their product

has cheap price, he will work so hardlyJor sustain family.

Mrs. Dang has perceived that her child has a less time to maintain her,

because they must work hard. She thinks the child are still respected to her but the

economic pressure make them to has a less time to do, but a grandchild has not believe

her, so she has related to the neighbor only l-2 person and think that the other has not

respected her.

Mrs. Dang want go to the temple in every holy day, but she has a weak

physical, she can not go to the temple by self, except the big holy day that her son can

lead hers. In the expectation of her life, she need her son to has a better economy than

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now, because if they has a better economy that the.v will has a ability to maintain her so

well.

She has not expected to the special helping from Tambon Administrative

Organization, because she has a helping in money already. She need only the health

care from the health offrcer.

Conclusion

The poor aging will has more trouble in their life, especially the aging that

has a decline health and has abandoned by their family. They has expected to the

warmly on family, the child can bring them to the temple. And expect Tambon

Administrative Organization develop the economic sector to family and society for the

complete of life.

The aging interview number 3

Mr. Boon (alias name) age 65, the government officer retirement, he has an

income 8,000 baht per month, addition the money from his son amount 3,000 bahts per

years. Now he has live with his wife and one grandson, which his son has left for him to

maintain.

ln the 2 years past, he has suggested to apply for the member of Tambon

Administative Organization, but he has not elected. Nowadays he has duty in maintain

the grandson and bring up the animal in his home. Because of -Mr. Boon has more

experience in working, so he has the respected'from the people in community. So that

he has participated to consult in the village development for the member of Tambon

Adminisrative Organization, Kamnan and the headman of village. So he has

appreciated on himself, not lonely because the activity and the respected to them.

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / I 13

Mr. Boon has an opinion that the aging has a decrease maintain from their

children and the people in commune, because they has a less time and the pressure of

economic condition. The aging has a less respected from them because the kinship has

less than the past, the community has blow out, competition and selfish in oneself. The

human has not respected all together, the same to the child that has not respect to the

aging. The poor aging will have more trouble, has a hard life too much.

ln the opinion of aging supporting and agrng developing, he has agree with

the poor aging developing in the way supporting the occupation for income added to

them. So should select the appropriated occupation to the aging.

In addition he has strongly agree with the activity of sprinkle water to the

aging on Songkran festival, and the same time it should act to the priest and the Buddha

image. He has offered to integrate all activity in to the one, because the migration

people will be satisfied to cerebrate, which makes sympathy to the community.

He thinks the religion activity has importance to the aglng mind, the aging has intend to

htild on the principle of Buddha in the mind, so the temple will make the faith to the

people especially the aging.

He thinks that Tambon Administative Organization has not ready to develop

the aging, it will has a supporting by the human and the Orgarnzation in community, the

agng has essential to develop in mind especially. So that Tambon Organization should

support the other Organization in aging development, such as occupation development

in the poor aging, or act the activity that reveal the respected to them.

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Results / I 14

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Conclusion

The aging that had retired from the government offtcer which has a

knowledge and experience in the work. They need a respected from the other by

panicipate to the development activiq', which will make the satisfied in mind for them.

2.2 the qualitative research conclusion

2.2.1 the results of inteniew the duty and the members of Tambon

Administrative O rganization.

The study in "the intention of aging supporting and aging development of the

member of Tambon Administrative Organiz-ation" by in-dept interview to the member

and the deputy of Tambon Administrative Organization amount 7 numbers. ThatI

components with 3 numbers of administrative commiltee, 2 members of Tambon

Administrative Organization council and 2 deputy of Tambon Administrative

Organization. This for consideration with the factors that related to the intention of

aging supporting and aging development, and addition to in-dept interview to the 3

aging, for perceive to their trouble and their developed expectation. For bring the result

to discussion with the quantitative research, the result has details as follow;

I Age

The qualitative research found that the most of sample has age at 40-60

years, the most has already married, so they will be readiness to work in Tambon

Administrative Organization role. From the interview found the samples have attitude

that the aging has decrease maintenance. Some aging has a trouble in the being because

they have poor economic. Almost has intent to develop the aging in similar, by want to

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Fac. of Grad. Studies. MahidolUnir'. M.Ed. (Population Education) / I l5

the aging family has reveal the respected by take activity to sprinkle water for the aglng

in Songkran festival, and aim to provide the budget to support the poor aging. So this

research may conclude that the factor of the age has not a difference in the intention of

aging development.

Sex

The qualitative research found that, the female sample has the less than the

male, there have two females and five males. The result found that all male and female

have attitude to the agtng in not difference, as the society should be respected to the

aging which the human who is a favor for society and so it is a society tradition.

Nowadays the aging has a decrease maintain to the aging, because the pressure of the

economic, it's effected to the agrng, as the aging will have lonely in their life, addition

the poor aging will have more trouble. So that all female and male will have a

perception in aging expected in the szrme, as the expectation in poor aging helping and

wanted to the management of the sprinkle water to reveal the respected for the aging. So

that the sampleo both male and female will have intent to develop the aging in that two

issues, as provide the budget to support the poor aging and set the sprinkle water

activity to the aging for the people in society has opportunity to respect the aging. So in

this study can not proof that, the female has more intention of aging development than

the male.

Occupation

The qualitative research has found that the sample, which occupies in the

agriculturist, will have sympathized to the houble aging more than the other occupation.

Because they has live in a rural community that has not a crowed people as the urban,

and the people in the rural will live in the pattern of kindred, they usually has a closely

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relationship with the aging, and opporfunity to know the aging trouble than the other.

Because the other has not time to contact the aging in closell'. So the agriculturist willt

has sympathizeto the aging, more than the other else.

Education level

The qualitative research found that, the 5 samples has educated in the several

levels, by 2 samples has educated on primar;' school, 2 samples has educated on

secondar;r school and I sample has educated on bachelor degree. The difference

education level has not a difference attitude to the aging, as the whole has sl,rnpathized

to the trouble aging, that the aging has more trouble than the past. So that the wholes

has viewed to the aging development in the dimension of give help more than the

advance development. Conclusion as the difference education has not a difference of

aging development intention.

The time period in status

The qualitative research found that, there have 2 members that have a time

period over 5 years, 2 members have a time period 1-2 years, and 1 member has a time

period less than I years. The result found that the whole sample has the attitude to the

aging in the selme, as the whole though that the aging has a touble than the past, more

lonely, because the decreasing of the maintenance of the family, and some has a poor

family. So that the whole sample will have the same intention to solve and develop the

aging.


The sample attitude has derived by a perception and an understood on the

condition, cause, trouble effected and the needed of the aging. That effected to perceive

in the method, and understood in the useful of the trouble solving and development. So

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Fac. of Grad. Studies" MahidolUniv.

that the intention of aging development will

direction.

The aging exPected PercePtion

M.Ed. (Population Education) / I 17

has related to the attitude on positive

The interviews found that the aging expected perception is harmony with the

aging trouble perception of the members of Tambon Administrative organization, and

affected to intention to the agrng development in several methods. So in the qualiUfive

found that the intention of aging development is depend on the perception in the aging

trouble, their expectation and the method to solve. By that the sample who have more

perception in agrng expectation will has more intention to develop aging too.

Status

The Tambon Administative committee will have perceive in the role, and

method to develop the aging more than the member of a Tambon Administrative

Organization council. Because the administrator committee has a duty to manage the

developed planning, they must learn all roles and all method in the development'

Addition the oppornrnity to participated in the meeting and the training in the several

occasions. Also the status has force them to show the developed result to the

commgnity. So the administator committee will have a intention of aging development

more than the member of Tambon Administrative Organization council.

The educated and practiced in the religion

The in-dept interview found that, the sample which has a high educated and

practiced in religion principal will had more understood in the teaching of Buddh4

sympathize in the aging than the low. They have opinion that, nowadays the human has

a lack of moral, degenerate in the spirihral mind. That effected to the lack of the favor to

the other, lack of the sympathized to atl together, addition to the aging. So that the high-

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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Results / I l8

educated ,*,ill has opinion that. the aging should have an increasing maintenance from

the family and the other in society. So that they u'ill have a more intention of develop

the aging than the other. Because they has opinion that, the principle of religion has

essential to construct the sympathized human resource' and made the respect and the

wann to the aging.

The information PercePtion

Thequalitativeresearchhasfoundthat,thesamplehasnotadifferencein

information perception in clearly, b1' that the most have perceived aging information by

contact the aging directly, they has a little aging information from the mass media as a

television and a radio. But in the sample who have more participated with the aglng

information wilr have the more aging touble and solve methods perception and addition

to the more intention too'

The aging development role perception

Thequalitativeresearchfoundthat,thesamplewhohasahighrole

perception able to understood the aging trouble, method to solve problem as well' more

than the low. Also they has able to intent to develop the aging, under the role perception

that theY have.

The suggestion to develop the aging

Thequatitativeresearchfoundthat,almostthesamplehasalittlesuggestion

to develop the agrng, and not difference between the group' except the once sample that

has opportunity to work together with the non-goveulment organization' Almost has

suggested only begged the budget supported from the other organization' such as the

health center. So that the suggestion of aglng development has not effected to the

intention of aging development in this study'

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The experience in aging development

The qualitative research found that the most sample have experience in aging

development in some usual activity that made in every year' some sample has high

experience in the past, but he has a decrease intention in now' because he failed in the

last experience. so that the sample who has a usually experience in some activity will

have intent to develop in that usual activity, but the high experience will has a decrease

intention. Almost intent to the easy activity and has relationship on the negative

direction with the exPerience'

Income

The qualitative research found that, the high-income sample has opinion to

develop the growth of economy than the aging development' Because they thought that

Tambon Administative Organization has not enough money to develop the aging in

sufficiency, the most must use in a usual expense, such as officer salary' So that that the

duty of aging development must be the duty of the other'

Intention of aging develoPment

The qualitative research found that, the whole samples intent to support and

develop the aging into 2 activity. As support the budget to the poor aging' who has not

supported from Bureau of society welfare, and manage the water sprinkle to the aging in

Songkran festival that usual manage every years' Addition to support the budget to the

area organi zation,such as the health center to manage the aging developed activity' A

little sample intent to set the occupation group, an exercise activity.

The most has not intent to develop aging in the advance activity' such as

supporttheagingtoparticipatedinsocietydevelopment,excepttheretiredofficerorthe

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Chatchaiyakarn SuknarinResults / 120

authorized aging thal able to make a useful for organization in directly, by invited to be

a consultant. But the normal aging has not an opportunity to do.

The result of aging interviewed

The aging interviewed has able to conclude in the several issues as follow:

The general data

The aging who had interviewed is 2 male and 1 female, the 2 male is the

begin aging, the middle economy and able to act in daily activity- But the female aging

is the poor and degenerate in her body, a little helping in herself.

The aging trouble

o All aging have decrease maintenance from their family, because the

economic pressgre and the degenerate in society moral. Some aging has a income

trouble.

All of them have a lonely felling, especially the aging who has a degenerate

in body, the aging who able act in daily and have a knowledge, an ability and an

experience has able to act in several activity to decrease the lonely for them'

Development needed

All of the aging have a difference needed, the poor need the economy

helping for their family and make a warmly to them. The ability aging need participate

with the community, by participate in the member of the committee in village for

decrease the lone. ln the same time all of them'need be respected from the human.

The aging has not a special expected to develop for them. Because they has

not believe in the potential and role of Tambon Administrative Organization in aging

development, so that they has expected in the economic development in specially.

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CHAPTER V

DISCUSSION

This research purposes to study the level of the intention to promote and

develop the aging of the members of Tambon Administative Organization, and study

the factors that relate to the intention to promote and develop the aging. The result has

a discussion as follow;

1. Intention to promote and develop aglng

The result found that, in the quantitative research the sample have intent to

promote and develop the aging at the middle, by the most (added among the strongly

intent and intent) have emphasize intent to promote and develop the aging by manage

in the healthy welfare for the aging sector. The most (77.5%) have intend to manage

the free treatnent for aging, and intent to support the health Organization set up the

special clinic for the agrng (69.6%). Those are har:nony with the results of the

qualitative research, such as the sarrrple consideration that the aging is easy to

sickness, essential to insurance treatrnent, they should be helped in fee and cost of

fieatrnent welfare. But the sarnple have belief as the agrng were get a helping by the

Ministry of Heatth already, addition to the policy of insurance for all nowadays, so

that the sample will have thought that the aging were have an appropriated and

sufficient in healthy welfare already.

The next belowo the sample have intend to do the activities that reveal the

respected and gratefulness to the aging, and intend to support the activities of aglng

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Chatchaiyakam Suknarin Discussion / 122

collecting for exchange a information for all them in sequence. By the quantitative

research found that, the most (68.9Yo) have intend to fight, recover the tradition and

the culture that reveal the aging respected and aging grateful in some festival, such as

the sprinkle water in Songkran festival. And the most (88.9Vo) have intended to

support the activity of aging collecting. Similarity with the qualitative research that

reveal, the most have intended to support the activity of aging collecting, such as the

aging assembly. According to most of Tambon Administrative Organization have

support the budget for the aging assembly in health center and plans to support a

budget in sprinkle water activity for respect and grateful to the aglng on Songkran

festival.

The next below, the most (53.4%) have intended to set up a firnd for

supporting the poor aging, but the qualitative research found ttrat, the sample have

belief that only some aging have a trouble in economic because of poor family and

haven't supported a fund from government. So that the sample have plan to providing

the budget for the poor aging, addition to the supporting from the government.

The otherwise, most of the sample (46.3%) have intend to develop the aging

in occupation supporting and aging education at low level (46.3%o and 49.0%o in

sequence) and the same supporting the agmg to publicize their knowledge and their

experience to the people (49.5%). Those are similar with the qualitative research

because The sample has {ougtt that the aging has supported by their family in

sufficiently, and a little poor aging, Tambon Administrative Organization have provide

the budget for them already. In the occupation supporting, the sample have a little

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intention because some of sample use to faild in experience, and its'

methods are hard to accomplish.

The furttrermore. the sample have intend to support the aging in publicize on

their knowledge and their experience at the low level, because the sample have

thought that the knowledge and experience of the aging is outrnoded, the people

haven't needed to perceive on their knowledge. Except the knowledge of the

retirement government officer that they yet has a knowledge, ability and authority and

the most Tambon Administrative Organization have already use all them to

participated in Tambon development directly

In the qualitative research by in-dept interview the result found that the

sample have opinion that the whole aging have not essential to development, except

some poor aging. So that the sample have intend to develop the aging in the simple

activity and usualty do activities similar with the past. Because of they have thought

that the simple agrng development activity must be sympathy with the aging, their

family and other member of Tambon Administative Organization and will easier to be

successful.

In conclusion this research seek that, the members of Tambon

Adminisfiative Organization have opinion to the aging development in defensive way,

they not see the aglng development in advance procedure. So that they will be only

developed the aging in the simple method, only solving in trouble condition or the old

model such as grve the money for the poor aging, act the water sprinkle activity in

Songkran day. The samples haven't intended to develop the aging in a innovation

activity or the advantage. activity, such as the educational and the occupation

development. So that it may be conclude that the members of Tambon Administrative

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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Discussion / 124

Organization have intend to developed the aging at the middle level, because they

have intend to developed the aging in simple activity, not complexity. But in the

complexity activity, innovated activity and made a long useful, they haven't intended

to do or at low intention.

The sample have intend at the middle level because of the lack in the

understood on details of aging development, and they haven't see in the useful of

aging development and nou'adays the aging had brush up by the health center, the

bureau of social welfare and non-government Organization already. Addition to in the

time of data collecting in this thesis, the duties of aging maintenance have not transfer

to Tambon Administrative Organization yet That the members of Tambon

Adminisnative Organization haven't confident to this duties, so they will hesitate to

do in these activity.

The cause of the members of Tambon Administative Organi ntionintend to

develop the human resource especially the aging in less, it may be an affected from the

national social and economic development planning concept that implants Thai people

to farniliar with discourse of the economy development. Addition to the current of

capitalism and consumerism that spreads to all rural areas, it makes Thai people hold

on the economic development especially. Although the concept of human resource

development has begun visibly in the 8s national social and economic development,

but it may be use so long time to implant this concept to the mind of Thai people

added the members of Tambon Administrative Organization. The once because the

members of Tambon Adminishative Organization have a political status, they will

make works to response the needed of the people who had elected them. Their works

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that can be catch sight to the people in the short time such as steet, a water supply and

electricity, etc.

The same to the result of the qualitative researches found that almost aging

have a lack of the power and the brave mind to propose their needs to Tambon

Administrative organization although the organization have readiness response to

their propose. By that in the aging interview found that the aging have a trouble in the

lonely by the work retirement, an abandoned and the less respected.

The furthermore, the aging who have yet the strongly body, they wanted to

have a hobby for relief their lone. The experienced agrng has needed to participate

with the community development, but the poor aglng needed to the economy helping

for them and family. ln the moment, the aging has thought that Tambon

Administrative Organization has not a duty to brush up the agrng directly, so they has

not needed Tambon Administrative Organizatlon to develop them in specially'

because the Organi zat\onhas not a potential and a role to do. So that the agmg has not

expected to the developing for them especially, the Organiz-ation has duty and

potential to develop in the economy and infrastructure' All these reason cause to

intention of aging development has low and in defensive way.

2. The factors that related with the intention of aglng development

The analysis to find the factors that related to ttre intention of aging

deveroping and supporting found tha! there are g factors rerated to the intention of

aglng development. Such as attitude to aging development, percepion in aging

expectation, occupation, status, the educated and practiced in religion' the role

perception, the experienced in aging development, ild income' The researcher has

implied as follow.

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2.1 Attitude to aging supporting and development

The quantitative research revealed the attitude to the aging development has

a relationship with the intention to aging development in positive direction and

significant at 0.05. It harmonious with the research assumption, and has the most

effected to the intention. It indicates that if the member of Tambon Administrative

Organization have more positive attitude to the aging development, so they will be

more intention to develop the aging more too. The result is harmonious with the theory

of reason action (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1990: 80-91) which imply that the attitude in

mind is the once component that influence to the human intention. assumption that

human's behavioral are depend upon their performance intention by using rational and

in formations. And the man will consider the outputs of that performance before

decide to do or not. So that if we instuct the member of Tambon Administrative

Organization has a good attitude to aging development, they will have more intention

to develop the aging too. Conclusion that the variable oi attitude to aging development

has influence to the intention of aging development.

The furthermore in the qualitative research found that, most of the sample

has attitude in sympathize with the aging trouble. They has perceived in the aging

houble that, the aging has a lack of brush up by their family, cause the economic

pressure and the competition'social, the other generation has a clecrease respected to

the aging. But the member has thought there are a few poor aging, the most of aging

has not an economic trouble. So the interview found that the sample has intend to

support the money for the poor aging who has not been helping by the bueau of social

welfare, and intend to act the sprinkle water to the aglng on Songkran festival. In

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addition to provide the budget to support the collecting activity for the aging that

proposes by the health center.

As the same time found the most of the sample has opinion that the other

development such as the occupation developing, education-developing etc. are the

complexity, must used the specialist and use in more budget. It may not worthy for act,

and so the few officers have a limited in knowledge and ability. ln addition to the most

opinion that this duty has not clearly transfer. So the sample has intend to develop on

their attitude which in defensive way, only solve to the facing touble, supporting the

activity that the social and the members have slrnpathy, such as support the money to

the poOr aging, manage the sprinkle water to the aging on Songkan festival. And

leave the complex activity.

2.2The perception of aging expectation

The result found that the perception of aging expectation has a relatibnship

with the intention to aging development in positive direction and significant at 0.05. It

harmonious with the research assumption and effected to the intention in the second

and nearly the attitude. It indicates that if the members of Tambon Administative

have more perceive in aging expectation, effected to more the intention of aging

development too. The furthermore the qualitative research found that the perception in

agmg expectation has closely to the intention to act in the development activity, such

as the member perceive that the aging needed to the money supporting, the closely

health service, the respected from the childhood. It effected to the intention of aging

development on these perceptions, such as provide the budget for poor aging, and

manage the sprinkle water to the agrng in Songkran festival.

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Chatchaivakarn Suknarin Discussion / 128

The results are harmonious with the Theory of multiple factor of decision-

making and social action, which implied that the human will decision making and

behave on the perception of the other human, a group or the social expectation. So in

this research may conclusion as, the intention of aging development and supporting of

the member of Tambon Administrative Organization has depend on the perception in

the aging expectation.

2.3 Status in the organization

The result has found that the member of Tambon Administrative committee

has more intend to develop and support the aging than the member of Tambon

Administrative council, significant at 0.05 and harmonious with the research

assumption. The result has imply by the role theory that status and role are related

together, the human must act the role that depend on the expectation in status, the

human will perceive in roll and behave in the commitnrent of the status. So the

members of Tambon Administrative Organization, whose have status in the

administration committee must to act on their role. And they will be leam and perceive

in the role especially the role to develop the aging, more than the member of Tambon

Administative council. And effected to more intention of aging development too.

The qualitative research found that the member of Adminisfiative

commiffee will be perceived in the role of aglng development more than the member

of Tambon Administative council. Because ttrey have a duty to plan and manage to

Tambon development in the all dimension, so they will tell the means and the method

of aging development so well. Because this status has opportunity to contact and

participated with the Organization that has a role to develop aglng, by the neither has

not opportunity that. In addition to the in-dept interview found that, the member of

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Fac. of Grad. Studies. Mahidol Unir'. M.Ed. (Population Education) i 129

Tambon Administrative Organization council has thought that the administration

t committee has duty to plan the development, they has not duty to do. So that the

member of Administrative committee will has more intention to develop the aging

more than the member of Tambon Administrative Organization council. So the

variable of the status in Tambon Administrative Organization will has effected to the

intention of aging development on this study.

2.4 Occupation

The result found the member of Tambon Administrative Organization who

is the agriculturist has more intention to develop the aging than the other, significant at

0.05 that harmonious with the research assumption. The result may be imply that the

agriculturist has a pattem life of a rural condition, closely to the nature, kinship and

able to perceive and understand the aglng touble more than the other occupation.

Such as the business, employee and the othero which has a pattem in an individualism

and capitalism than the agriculnuist, so the agriculturist will have a favor mind to the

human than the other.

In the in-dept interview found that, the agriculturist will has a more time to

contact the people in community more than the other occupation, cause to understand

in the aging touble in all time and perceive the aging is a kin in mind. So they have

think that Tambon Administative Organization essential to help-the aging, otherwise

the other occupation will look to the aging development as a role in law, and this duty

has not a worth on economy dimension. So they will act in the simple aglng

development.

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2.5 The education and practices in religion

The result found that the variable of educated and practiced in religion has

related to the intention of aging development on positive direction and significant at

0.05, it is harmonious with the research assumption. The result can imply that the

ideology of the Buddha religion, which principal of Thai people has teach the child

has duty to maintain and respected to their parent. By hold the gratefulness which the

symbol of a good, the same time has condemn the human who has not gratefulness to

the parent as bad. (Panee ChanaThipakorr\ 1997:69)

Santikaro Piku, Pra Suteerayan, Pra sripariyatmoli and et al (1999: 183-

20S) imptied to the religious ideology in social society that would made believed to

the social constnrction, as effected to diary human practiced. The religiously ideology

all together mean to the imagination, worldviews, values and norms, that refer to the

goodness standard, the graceful and the real, that the goal of the life. Those all make

the people do not involve with the power of the subjectivism, and don't involve the

power of the anger. That makes the people to practice in the middle way, by the

principle of the moral, concentration and intellection, and makes the friendship to all

the people in community. Thus as it's possible to use the principle of the religion to be

the base development of the Adminisfiative Organization societyo that make the person

to be a sympathy to more develop a human than develop economy.

The results of qualitative research found that the sample that has always

practiced and educated in religion will.have more understand in the principal of

Buddha and more sympathize to the aglng touble than the other. They think that the

trouble of the aging has occurred by the degenerate in moral of the people. So the

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effectiveness of aging development must addition the moral to the people in social" so

that they will be intent to develop the aging more than the other.

2.6 The perception in aging development role

The quantitative research found that the perception in aging development

role has related to the intention of aging development on positive direction and

significant at 0.05. It reveals that if the member of Tambon Administrative

Organization has more perceive and understand in the aging development role, they

will more intend to develop the aging too. The result can be explained by the role

theorl' (Supata Supap was quoted in Siriporn Siratanang, 1996: 10-l l), which imply

that a human will perform in the role as well, that depend on an individual perception

in role. That's the psychology procedure, which the perception would make a person

translate the role in difference. The surme as the intention of aging development that

depends on the perception in aging development role.

The results similar and sfiengthens with the qualitative research, which

found that the sample has an intention of aging development depend on the understood

and the percepion in role of aging development. The furtherrnore, the sample who has

more intent to develop the aging will has understood on the details of the aglng

development method more too.

2.7 The experience in aging development

The result found that the experience in agrng development has relate to the

intention of aging development on negative direction, and significant at 0.05. The

result reveals that if the member of Tambon Administrative Organizationthat has high

experience, he will has an intention of aging development in the directly opposite.

This can explain with the development concept of the institute of culture (Chattip

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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Discussion,'132

Natsupa. ?000: 210-213: Apichat Tongyoo, 1984: 151-165). Which imply that the

condition of practice and the social learning have made the action reflection. and

effected to a thought, an attitude and a practice to the thing in difference. So that the

difference in the experience of aging development will have the intention of aging

development in differ too. But the study found that the member of Tambon

Administrative Organization, who has more experience he has the intention on directly

oppose. The result can explain by the qualitative research that found that, the member

'*'ho has a high experience in the aging development, in the other defensive and

advance way. He has failed in their experience, so that he will be discourage because

the several problem. According to the failed, he will be careful to consideration for act

the aging development for the effectiveness in the future.

The results can be stengthen by Cronbach' s behavior theory (cited by

Suchada Boonprasop, 1996 19) that say to the component of consequence that will be

confirm or contradict, and effected to the reaction to thwarting. Which meaning to, if a

human has not response on needed, he will hopeless and back to translate the status

and select new response method.

2.8Income

The results found that the income has related on negative direction to the

intention of aging development. The quantitative research has found that, the sample

who has a high income and wealthy will have intent to develop the aging indirectly

opposite. It reveals that if the member of Tambon Administrative Organization has a

high income, he will has intent to develop aging in less. That causes the implant of the

conceptual of economic development which emphasize to the develop income added.

So that the member of Tambon Administrative Organization will has opinion that the

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"nt*to*human development has not importancelf compare with the economic development,

especially the aging development, the sample may be opinion that not worthy for

economic dimension. Because the aging is the last age of the population, it has not

enough useful for economic development if compare with the other groups. By the

quantitative result has found that, the most sample $a.9%) has though that, the aglng

development has not a worttry in economy dimension if compare with the other

$oups. The same as the most (40.7%) has agree with the aging is the human which

has a less worthy because the less ability in economic development. Also the

qualitative research found that" the sample which are wealthy will intent to develop the

aging in low, because he has opinion that the aging development is the second duty in

role of Tambon Administrative Organization, and the aglng development has a

valueless, and not useful for all people. Addition to the income of the Organization has

not adequate for Tambon development, which has essential to develop the

infrastructgre than the aging. By this cause effected to the relationship on negative

direction with the intention of aging development.

3. The factors that not related to the intention of aging development

The result has found that there are 5 factors that have not related to the

intention of aging development, such as age, education level, the period time in the

status, the suggestion to develop and support the aging and the information perception,

that explain follow as;

3.1Age

The quantitative research found tha! age of the member of Tambon

Administrative Organization has not a relationship with the intention of aging

development and aging supporting. The result has harmonious with the qualitative

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Chatchai-vakarn Suknarin Discussion i 134

research bf in-dept interview. which found that the difference age sample has not a

difference in attitude to the aging trouble. information perception, aging development

role perception and the aging expected perception. By the most sample has perceive

that the whole aging have not a terrible trouble, but the little has a poor. The aging has

a lonell, in the totality because the decreasing of the maintenance from their children,

so that almost member of Tambon Administrative Organization has only intent to

support the money to the poor aging. and manage the activity of water sprinkle for

reveal the respected to all aging. By conclusion the age variable has not relationship

with the intention of aging development.

3.2 Education level

The quantitative research found that the education level of the member of

Tambon Administrative Organization has not relationship with the intention of aging

supporting and development. It can imply with the qualitative research that found as

the difference education of sample has not effected to the attitude to the aging trouble,

information perception, aging development role percepion and the aging expected

perception, the all have not difference in those things. The most has perceived that the

wholes of aging have not a terrible touble, but the little has poor. The aging has a

lonely in the totality because the decreasing of the maintenance from their children, so

that almost member of Tambon Administrative Organization has only intent to support

the money to the poor aging, and manage the activity of water spnnkle for reveal the

respected to all aging. By conclusion the education level variable has not relationship

with the intention of aging development.

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3.3 The Period time in the status

The quantitative research found that the difference period time in status of

the sample has not a difference the intention of aging development, and aging

supporting, it may cause by they has not a enough differ in the period time because

Tambon Administrative Organization has the age amount 2-5 years. So this variable

will has not variation. Also the qualitative research found that the difference time

period has not effected to the perception of the aging trouble, information perception,

aging development role perception and the aging expected perception. So the

difference period time in status of the sample has not a difference the intention of

aging development.

3.4 The suggestion of aging development

The quantitative research found that the sample that has a difference

suggestion of aging development has not a difference on intention of aging

development. This can explain that, the quantitative research has found the most

sample (72.1%) has perceive a suggestion of aging developing at the middle, so that

the whole sarnple will have not a dif[erence suggestion and has not effected to the

intention of aging development in difference in this study. But the qualitative research

found the sample, which has a suggested to develop the aging, by relation with the

non-govemment Organization, which works in the social development. This sample

will have a supporting by them, such as the suggestion and the budget to develop the

aging. And effected to that sample has intention of aging development more than the

members who has not relationshiP.

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3.5 Information PercePtion

The quantitative research found that. the difference information perception

has not the difference intention of aging development. It may explain that because the

sample has not perceive the aging information in differ, by it found that the most

sample (67.2%) has perceive in aging information at the middle. So that the whole

sample will have not a difference information and has not effected to the intention of

aging development in difference in this study. But the qualitative research found that,

although the sample has a difference in information perception, they has not a

difference in all affitude, the aging expectation, ild so the intention of aging

development too.e

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CHAPTER VI

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The research "The intention to promote and develop the aging of the

members of Tambon Administrative Organization in Phitsanulok province" objective

to study the level and the factors that relate to the intention to promote and develop the

aging of the members of Tambon Administrative Organization.

The sample in this research is the members of Tambon Administrative

Organization in Phitsanulok province, the instrument that use collect data has 2 pattern

as the quantitative instrument has employ to 408 samples, and the qualitative

instrument has employ to l0 samples. The researcher has collected data on I - 30

April 2001 by interview the sample, as the instrument was base on principle and

theory, that has agreement from the thesis committee.

To analyze the quantitative dat4 the researcher has analyze by descriptive

statistic to set up the group of data for explain the characteristic of sample, and

conclude the characteristic ofthe independent and dependent variables, as frequency

distribution, percentage, mean and standard deviation. And use a inferential statistic

for test the Pearson product moment correlation, for analyze level and direction of the

relationship between independent and dependent variable, according to take the

multiple regtession analysis for analyze and set up level of relationship, set up in and

out independent variable by stepwise method. For analyze the qualitative data, use the

content analysis method, to analyze all individual and total. Then conclude issue of the

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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Conclusion and Recommendation / 138

factors that relate with the intention to promote and develop the aging of the member

of Tambon Administrative Organization, then discuss the qualitative research for

strenglhen the quantitative research. for more clearly of the research result.

Conclusion

1. The characteristic of the sample

The sample in this research is the 408 members of Tambon Administrative

Organization. As the most is male (84 %) and 35 - 52 years old (67.2%), the average

is 43 years old. The most had educated in primary school, secondary and the

occupation certificate (47 .5% and 43.5% in sequence), the most (66.9%) has occupy in

agriculturist, and the less have status in the Administrative committee (27.9%). The

most (80.6%) has income 15,000 - 115,000 bahts per year, by the average ate 65,750

bahts. And almost has been the member of Tambon Administative Organization

amount 1-4 years.

2,Intention to promote and develop the aging

The result found that, the most of the member of Tambon Adminisfative

Oiganization (68.a%) intent to promote and develop the aging at the middle level. As

follow;

The quantitative research, the most of the sample (77.5%) intent to support

the whole aging to get free treatment welfare, but in the quality research found thaf the

sample has believed that the govemment has policy to manage the health welfare for

the aging already. So that the sample has believe that the aging has supported in

sufficient.

The next below, the sample (68.90/o) has intent to fight and recover the

tradition and cultue which reveal to respect and gratefulness to the aging in the

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several opporhmity, as Songkran festival, Mother day. The next below (53.2%) has

intent to support budget for the poor aging, the same as the result of quality research

that reveal as mosr of the sample has intent to make these activity in highest.

3. The factors relate to the intention of aging supporting and developing

The result reveal that, the 8 factors from 15 factors have affected to the

intention of aging promoting and aging development of the members of Tambon

Administrative Organization in Phitsanulok Province. Those factors are the attitude to

aging developing, the perception in aging expectation, status in Organization,

occupation, the training and practical in religion, the perception in aging development

role has related to the intention of aging promoting and aging development on positive

direction, high to low level in sequence. In the other hand the experience of aging

development and income factors has relationship with the intention of aging

promoting and aging developmenl on negative direction by high to low level in

sequence. According to all variables have implied the deviation to the intention of

aging supporting and aging development at 36.3 % @ = 0.363)

In the other way, there are 7 factors have not relationship with the intention

of aging promoting and aging developing, those are sex, age, educated level, period

time in status and the perception of aging information.

Recommendation from this research

The results found that, the member of Tambon Administrative Organization

has intent to support and develop the aging at middle level. So that the Organization

that related to promote and develop aging should consider the method to persuade the

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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Conclusion and Recommendation / 140

member of Tambon Administrative Organization has more intention to perform the

activit)'to aging promoting and supporting.

The results found that. the intention of aging development and aging

promoting has the most positive direction relationship with the attitude to the aging

development and the perception in aging expectation. (Beta = 0.325 and 0.324 in

sequence) it reveal that. the psychology factor or the factor of ideology is the most

essential thing that related to the intention of aging development. By the result seek

that, the intention of aging development is depend on the detail attitude to the aging

trouble, the method to solve trouble, and so depend on the perception of aging

expectation.

Most of the sample has attitude to the aging as, the human who should has

brush up by give the helping way, because the aging has be a degenerate in all of the

body, mind and social, addition to the outmoded of their knowledge and their

experience. The most sample believe that, the aging potential supporting and agng

developing has not a worth in economy dimension, and the most has perceive the

aging expectation in the way to give the helping to them in essential. So the members

of Tambon Administrative Organization will have intention to give the helping to the

trouble aging by these reasons.

For the result, the organization that related to aging supporting and aging

development should manage to implant the aging development intention, as follow;

l. Should construct the right knowledge and right attitude in the agmg

trouble.to the member of Tambon Administrative Organization, by emphasize to make

understand to the agng trouble, that effected to the aging, their family and social.

Addition to the effect to the structural impac! it should be explain to the aging

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development role, if neglect to aging trouble, it will be a retard to the national social

and economic development. And will be make the attitude that the aging has potential

to make a useful to the social and the national by direct or indirect ways, the aging has

not want to a get helping only a money? or manage the water splashing to them in

Songkan festival. The aging has essential and need to be developing in the creation

way, such as the education development, the occupation developing for the useful in a

long time in the future.

2. The result found that, the intention of aging development has depend on

the perception in the aging developed expectation of the member, but the aging has not

confident to use their right, call for their needed to developed. So that the members of

Tambon Administrative Organization will develop the aging on their perception that

give only a helping for them. Such it should supporting the aging participated to

planing and developing, this procedure must stimulated to making the aging

empowerment, by support to the aging collecting, that for the aging has perceive in

their potential, brave to call for their needed in the development. Also it makes more

perception in aging expectation and more intention to develop the aging, and make

vary in method and more created in agrng development.

3. The cenfial office which related to aging supporting and development,

should cooperate to making the national policy and strategy to making the co-

ordinations between the central office and the local government organization, making

the awareness and emphasize to aging development, that will make a suffrcient to the

aglng development.

4.The result found that, the educated and practical in religion of the human

has related to the intention of aging development making. The same to result of quality

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Chatchaivakam Suknarin Conclusion and Recommendation / 142

research reveal that the human who has usually practiced and educated in religion

activity, should has a attitude to the aging in sympathize and should have more

intention of aging development too. Thus as the related organization should use the

religion institution to apply, publicize and persuade the member of Tambon

Administrative Organization practice in religion activity, and use the teaching of

Buddha to the area development for sustainable development.

5. The result found that, the experience in aging development has related to

the intention of aging development, on negative direction. Also to the quality research

found that the member who has high and several experience, and has failed in their

intention, discourage and hesitate to make those activity because the lack of participate

with the aging family and the other member. Thus the related organization will have a

readiness supporting to be a consultant, by that make a suggestion in technique, and

method, addition the participate to study the aging development, for protect the failed

of aging development, that reduce their intention to promote and develop the aging.

Recommendation to the next research

l. This research is study only Phitsanulok province are1 the variable may

be insuffrcient variation. So that in the next research should be study in the other area

for more the data variation and know to more factors that related to the intention.

2. This result is the individual study, found that the individual intent to

promote and develop the aging at the middle level, but in the past the Tambon

Administrative Organization is act to promote and develop the aging at the low level.

Such as in the future it should to study in factors that obstruct to the population

development, especially the aging development, in unit of Tambon Administrative

Organization.

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3. It should to study in the quality research or the research and development,

by manage the innovation means of aging development, such as the occupation

supporting for the aging, supporting the ancient intellect by invite the aging to

publicize their intellect knowledge as the quack doctor knowledge and the tradition.

By that research must be integrate and sympathy of the whole related organization, as

plan a pilot project to Tambon Administrative Organizalion, for model to other.

4. It should be study the intention to develop and promote the other

population groups else in the member of Tambon Administrative Organization, and

should in-dept study in the sector of activity, for know to the concept and problem

solving to develop ofthe member of Tatnbon Administrative Organization.I

*

n Copyright by Mahidol University

I

Chatchaiyakarn Suknaxin Bibliography / lzl4

BIBLIOGRAPHY

In English

Ajzen,I. & Fishbein. (1980). Understanding. Attitude and Predicting Social behavior.

New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs Prentice - Hall Inc.

(1985). Belief. Attitude. lntention and Behavior: An lnhoduction to Theory

and Research. New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

(1990). Understanding. Attitude and Predicting Social behavior. New Jersey:

Englewood Cliffs Prentice - Hall Inc.

Liska, Allen A. (1984). "A critical Examination of Causal Structure of the Fishbein

/Ajzen" Attitude - Behavior Model. Social Psychology Quarterly.

Yamane, Taro. (1973). Statistics : Introductory Analysis. Tokyo: Harper Intemational

Edition.

In Thai

n : il n 1 : il n n : os fr : s vr : ?{ rJ 14 r q olm u. cio il a fi'r lil n : il n 1: il n n : o {. rqir dl kio rn

Http ://www. do la. go.th/layouudata 43.hbn. IZS fr I u t n ru 25244].

fl:uvl:'r{ruilraolnu. ulsursn:yyr:?{ilfl1srlyru fl luil:yruror 2s44. rqhdrld'orn

hft p://www. moi. go.th/snp/plan3. html [ 1 2 nsnfl ln U 25M].

f'r:vvf :?{fllrr:otqtderuriunilvd.:nilf,rdnf[[avrur4uueranf ililr?murd'urouuriu. (2544).

R ? { rvr il il fi r u n : : I : r l't^n dqu r n r : vl'rud.

nqnul oru':fivqnuuroudu 1. Q54z) trrunr:il:surdlnrunlnu: n?tilrndouolurnrn

v'rnrfio{. luoqrrfi nrsdrd uay Rrletu'l orr:firqa. (l::urfinr:). uu?unt:

(nrh o:-qo). nqsrmnrurlun:: In:.l

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* Aq a I q a s an'l : ? 0 u t [n g 1I $ u 1 tJ : u s] 6Y{ n il il il 1'] vt ul a uil u n n.Copyright by Mahidol University

Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) I 145

l

nolR::il1frn1: drfnlrurarrfrnr:1olânr. (2534). :1u{1uflo{niluR::il18n1:adtrirll

/vtov6attu?yt1{ttn t1. rYlun{1urn115fl 1:?9IdRl.

no{n::il1frR1: drfnlrurnrrr^nr:'1fianr. (zS4O). :tu{tuflo{nalsn::ilnt:fion15?fn3

rul?su rrnv #cJ{ CIrq. dr{rurnrrfr nt: ?fi dn 1

drrur.

nlqour ufilmw. (2s27).

a

A o 4 ^

.ro q jR1:rfr o{. il f{Aosptrlu?nn mnuRaloilyt 2. rf illnild{tnilfl anfrr?ilil:vrmg'1ilu.

/aJn i{lyl}lu?l 1lJfl 5 : I0'lT{ iUUlf'l1:Tl ult.

(25 3 8 ). n r : fifl u r uu a ifl u r : : il ril su: In u nô il u s u1tfl u fl u dn n r r.

n q n [m 1I il fl I 1r fi i : 6Ir] I Ft 1r o fi n tlvf s :J : s rm f, ln u rdo nr : finr u r.

n lru 0 u r si{sa fi il d (2s42).nrjru uavorr{n: dlr r: ilil : y Jusrjlu drn ru olvr

u. tuorq urfi n x drd

rrav Rqnur ors?fi sQa. (:t::ilrfinr:). tu':unr:il:ysrdln:llms : nrrundoulua

n1nilalfio{. (ilrir o:-go). nq.:rmvlruiltunt: In:tnr:i6'urrasfiruur:Jrsfid{nuaqa

tJl4'l?yttJ'lauilfina.

qf,n qum:frtat. (ru.ru.:J.) qornl6uuuluilluil:vsln:rJ:yrms'lmu. nE{rvt?'tu14tun:. firur(Inu

drfn.: ru no{4u dliu fl q u nr:if,u.S q? 4 o I d a d a / a ! c j.s,tnflu ?{f,o1uu9luuvl. (2539). n?lilnntiluflo{dul$no{nnt:util1:ci?udtuafrilsio:suil

il IJt|Jn tJ-t u!ulniltJUJn tlfl Jupl lun: flIlH I

4aJo:-vrurfr rrurf udnqor::J?iUsUtfi fl u1f, tdet:rJfi tiflictlêt. (rf,nrurdrnru). nilslffl u'l

dqnil an r:iuriarfi srrfrslu u?u r:erasr f.

niluoqn::ilR]:fl1:?1{til9.tulffatu1nurlnvd{nil drfnlrunarvR::iln1:fi'flu'lnl:lf,:ugfio

rrn v dlnr uil r rrsr^ (2s39). unufifl u rnu un s ds n il lu.iirr uruu?t'fl urra:sg fi r uas

dlnruuri{srfi nriilfi g (il.c. zs+o - zs44t. ntr{rytlrilillun:: I:qfirudqruqrunrn:ai

nr:rnssr:u?irrJ:yrnalvru 6rtier.

n €u u f r : : il n r : rffru u r n r : ra: u g fi o un y ri'l n ru uri.: ryt a'. (2543 ).

I

t rio u s n d ru ri ur d r d:r o rn rlo s'l:J ru r n. ro n dr : dn dl ru l


Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Bibliography / 146

0id rJ?::ou?at. (2539). cnrdrunuavorrinr:rimr:riaurirua. n!{rytnilil1tJni: qals

l f,gnraorf qmn{n:flfirilriilurdu.

og6u quyt:{. (2s39).

a

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I

iirnao.rtut'rrSorun:rjgru. ?nsrfiv{udrJFqcyrfinulfl'rn:ilu1:is.lr^sr dlflresl4y4s-€@6q6rT{tl?aa0ilflfl u1 uilry|n?mulau ilil1?11ultiuxjilaa.

4vo'9nTr::or o'uvr:inf. es4o). n:rild'{lolunr:drsruildsrnfiuarorq:rsnr:rordunr:.

?vrurfirryuf,rjiqqrf,nureraor:01ufi riarfin ar{r?fl il:vmn:flnur. finrfi nivrurduAgA

ilfi1?ilUlnUilfiOn.vadvllru?glu 6ffilo1uuyt. (2531).

o u lu fis lr io fliusrns. (il^ildn 9,: fi I ). n q { rvtnilillun j : dtinfi rudro 6du.

tsusl hfrnind. Qs3s). orrfnr:il?tlr:ri':udruatu$ruyo.:rinr:ilnn:orrirudolfiuqfuia64fruSru. ?fl uru-Hu#il?rgqrignrasrfiJilriflr,n^n nlneslnr:ilnn:o{ lma{n:€frumrinurds.

hod4asrru:efu [0:Eudu toyn:. Q543).dtAovadv

ft ?1 rJ [rJ u o u. n E { lvt y{ il u'l lJ fi 5 : dl u R y'til }t a{l fi lu 1.

a as I I I

qal fisrurfinri. (2528). dtnilimuruasiflur::il. (firufnisfi 2). nq{ryl}trJ?iltJn?: l?fyrar:il?nsu{1dq.

tdourrfiq drrqnd. esl:.). rrui{'u rdo{ ilyrilryrrosorr{nr:u?Hr:rf:udrunriilnr:fi'flurrdn

r ra s n : o u n ;?. n q { lyt ?'t il il 1 u 9t I : n : ilfifl u 1 Eil SU.

atvqn ft#s. (2s41). anrunt:nivTr'hjclos ouor.luflotrriu (srouft t). ar:ar:anrunr:ai, t:.(l), l-3.

(2s4r).6fotun1:0iti'?t:Jror o:.ror.lufloqrju (sroufi z). ar:ar:cnrunr:of, r.(2), t-3.

rfi uunru fi :vriuvrri. es28). il:vsrn:sraof fi n'nuaynr:fodrili:rfnrc:sgeranf.

nq{rnilililtun: : l:sfirudqwraln:afirilriilurdu.

Qs34).

nr: :J fr g il u lurr urs:ugfi r'lvr utu vrse::s r gqo. qu difiurn:u gar aor f q wrn.rn:afAV

lJ?t'l?Ytu'lnu.



G:yfru r6ocrrq. (2s44).

M.Ed. @opulation Education)l 147

Ir dn a o r. ?vr u r fi n u fiJiq rg r fl n u r f, 1 der : rJ 1,r r 1iil cm^er a r r r isr il : y s1 n : fl r.ru lq6AOAqA

lJfllcyt9t?Ytu1a0 ilil1?vtu'In0ilfi 9n.val

u{laRUolo!^,4^.^.--e--ol-^-^-,4--.- | e & - d ari

n r n sr v iu o o n' n : fi n r : 16o n fl nu r?sr fr vr vr s u r a. ?m ur u^n u f,r dn qor : rJirgqr

dnu t m en : ru il rfar fi gr ar qJ r ?fl il : s fl n r dnu r riar fi sr?vr ur n'u ru u riyr u r duru fi o a.

t

u?aayoo qn1fl n. (zsz7\. vrqufi rJnfinnrn. ru.:J.rry.

u::q ffivrrfir. Qs3g). :ru{runr:finurifiurdor "ryil:il{qrorq: nr:finsr;iluiluunsnr:

d r rfi u .tru fr ru ru r s aru. n q { rvr ?r il ?n u n :. I: r fi ru dirX q r nr.

il:vne rvfi. frurtnil 2538. dilnrsnt luq#u qna.rd unv qad nrnnr:aflnn. (il::ilrfinl:).il : s rr dr n ru vr'su v #n n^ o t u d.: n ru

o[

n u. f fi ru dn 9r d z). d r fn yl^ru dru fi su.

flmrur oru:ffialrg:4L (zsgs). ilofiufifin'rrrudilrfrudsionrrynr:firsru{ordgsorqluil:srna

'lvru. r^vrurfinuf,dsnrugren:ilfirffl,lr'n arcrri{'uil:sryrn:uaydtnru ililr?murd'uA

ilfion.aAdv'fl:ur: uill$u{. Q543).

n urrra l:':n uura ffi : rs. ?vr urfi n u ffinu r gran:il fl rriar n^sr arrrinil :ys'rfl :flnu r run r?m urii'rJil fi nn.

Aoo/oAJr^^','fi:dvrt riru:rgfrnfl . Qsz3).:ttntuif,urioqn:r:Jfi'uafu nr?'{ilnfrfiurriu6'rros uavilEilr

ilrr :J :vnr:q,ol nury:rnE{rvril:Jfl run:. drrin?6'u aotriu:iarfi qfigttuu?rr:

aranf.

nrn'fi e.rdfirfi"ttu, fi:^m:ot ffiqtU. Qs36).:rutrunr:?o'g rdo.r f,nunrflqlor{qrorrJlunr:fi

rf ':uirillufi nn::ilsir{ 1. ronar:dordlur.-.-+.v]9!ervtJv'lu nrnsiluvt. (2542). fl rrilf,ttavnrriln:vilfndonr:firuuril:vsrn:roln::ilnr:il?fl r:

o r rfn r : u ? r,r r : a'r u rfi r il a 1 u fri t,t iq qfl : : fl{ :{i r^ n u r u'fl u f,ili rg cy r dn u r f, r 6rn :il il r riru fr n a r cJ rifi il : y rr n : fl n u r rior fi'n iil u r do ru u r ?n u r drl il r4^o n .

d'nsfi qqn::il. (2s3g). dnilluvi'qd nr:cfraqunxdrniluasilqdn::ilnr:qunquro{ilor

{qr or q. drfnr ru crrr : orqr o'r r,r 5o eiavrns.

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Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Bibliography / 148

a: fr?0ru :. (rr.:J.il.). nt:d{ rn: lsfr ru5ffuiirfi u:tiu {qr orq?lfifi rlquva'nfi une gy{^u

1u:J:vrvrc'lvru. tuqoa qur:n1a1.(r::urfinr:). lor:Jfiuuuluuruil:srrn:il:vrng'Iilu. (uil't lzz- 391) nE{ryrv{rl?r'rl.lni: drfnrruno{qudriu?fqunr:io'u.

a4adaall/qaT:dvrri frvrfrlo:ti uav lufiu ucx6. (2530). flor'r:svrililo{nr:rilduuuiln{mrrdrnil unvnr:

z{tlnrt'rriorosrJ:srmn"[mu. [ond1:mr{amn1:ilil1u LaqJ 4tz. anr:iui6'uil jys.rfl:uau

dsnru.

jfr #u 6ru'r. (zsz3;. r,r q sr^n:: ru nr: sTo fi u 1o. nq { ryrl{rul4'nJ nr : Io rd su alo f.

afind uvetvnv. (2540). nr:n:sorudrul0unsRl:fiodruarnr:arqrld ouq.unsfiosfiu :

rirurndosrflucloril:syrru usi .... .rr:dr:rruoourfu.7. (3): l3-31.

drufi'uf tnryvoGn , il"lus urrir, irfiu: udsfssr', usdaiad oiuor^roicyfio, dr6r r?rn1uvro.

(ru.rJ.rJ.l uur. luErruo6, dfiuo,ra*,r uur.lfrjrrarrnud'"$o}Jiota uut

a.irqru. an rfuifiuuavfi'ruu r ilil r?m urd'urou uriu.

anrfudr:s51s114R1n. (2539). :rununr:ifrurdol uililrmunvn:rilfrilfiufilolriru:rvnr:

- v 49 ddoltur?sfl1dni{q{o1g n:ilRl:uv{mu n:svr:t{fl15l:ilqfl .QsqD.:lruumdndosruifiuuas

ivrsrfrvrufrfiurtirdgsorglvru n.c. zsso - zs+o ndru zr. I:rfirudqruqruaun:ai

nr:rnun:u?isil:srvr glvru 6rrio.

du6'nI:n^n1 travnilv. Qs+21. qorrunr:oivrr{ltruqvtrf,taurdruil:srrdrnru. 1uor46fr vtrs

drd uas nqnen orv':fioqn (t::stf;'nr:).

'lu rnrn vrn rff or. (n r]r t er-zos). In: r nr:io'uuayfiwu rdr nru norsfi surn #ouray

vr irry orn: grasr f rur riyr sr dsru r'qn.

druttruulruttavminelrn:d1r1:rirqr dlinuluilrurlneulrufllrr:ilqr. e53g). dR.rnrlas

R E

{ rvt il il il 1 u n : : f : r rrr^ru do r rfn r : a{ rn : r v fm r r : ri r u fl n.

drrin.rrurJ:uryrd{tn:rvffr.rraisrfiualInn. fru.il.rJ.1. :rurru{o{a{na:'ldiunr:drerrilfioda

rfi o Qn ffs n isr rnr'u a{ Ia n iJ zs+:. ro n ar : o'Er dr ru r.

drfnrruarm:orqtffiu{ofiuqlan . (2s43).{o{ari'rlrj6'qilinfiuEInn. ronar:dodrrur.


Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. @opulation Education) tl49

l

drfnlructfil:0{qtfi{flirrn'uatrInn. (il.il.il.). ruanr:dr:rordosduorr{nr:r3ur:rirurfirua

tu fi.ru {or r^s E Ian. rondr: 6'ndlru1.

drrinrJ:vrfiurun drfnruil:silril. esqo). :ru{runr::J:yffiuflnnr:ilA^ffisruqucfucqu

RE{lytlttilulun: : riauil:ulfrurlr,tu{l.luuau

ln:rnr:fi s drfnil:vrfiupln drfnr:1il:vurm.-.-l- .t lrt ,- --^. ^^^^.-J-q^1!-- ^l:--.e.d-__!a^-___ . ot-.,! o ar velil:lflt tsuvll. (2533). n?1ild{10fr0sila-ildtfrurflilnrrgro5€Ufi'ufro.tilnrEuuHfiuan :sau

rir uil fi ns r tu il : v rn colvr er. ivr 0r fr ?'ru d:Jirgryrfi nu r gr an : ru u r fsu fi n drfl 1asl

il:vm n: dnur rifl fi n?m ur du ilil rim ur drlilr4^na.

q:rfiu:n^ $orvgru. (2533). nrrilflqrolailrfinow{nr:ilifir:6ieudrrnrfiuafiuln:td9xunv

?YIUl6 dla a Iunu:i:J?qrgrf,ailgrasr:rurrriarfisr. uurivrurduzuourrriu.

A d s /^F,^\ 4 | r ao:illuvl dll tsnsuttasn${u. (2540). :tu{1tJr.rofr1:dnstgrjrm:.lrtnsuurnnnt:dqdirunatru

tu?ru ufi s qJ os o.: rinr : u?il r: cf ru d r:J a. n I uvrv{ ilfi 1 il fl r : ryafi fi aa r riuifrurdonr:

d'gl u ruri.: :J : u ril fllm u.

rirnn u:orinrinqa. Qslg).1Jvt:Ltvrrormil:urrur?rr::rrnr:rfruylosfiu lunr::JfrrTo^sru

dru fi q ue o doil f, nu rn : fi : n il v n : : ru n r : qr r n^u r n lu ff{ fi 5n u n : ils rJ. ivr urfi il u flas'

rJ5qrg r d'rn ilf, r der: rJ 14 1:isufr n arrr?ryrfr qnn doru :iil.m'erin urdu ruu r?m urdu

ilil0n.

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APPEIYDIX

Appendix / 150

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. @opulation Education) / l5l

Questionnaire

Research Project

ooThe intention to develop and support the agrng

of the members of Tambon Administrate Organination

A cast sfudy : the members of Tambon administrated organization

In Phitsanulok Provinceon

Introduction

This questionnaire proposes to study the intention to develop and supportI

the aging in the mind of the members of Tambon Administative Organization in

Phisanulok Provincial. For uses in the report of thesis in the study of Master degree,

and uses the importance data to stimulate the members of Tambon Administrative

Organization for more interesting and intention to develop the aging addition apply in

the aging development planning in the future.

This data doesn't suffer to these samples, because of the researcher will

* conceal data in the secret, and analyze the data in totality. So the researcher will beg a

favor from You, please reply in the corrected of your opinion in this questionnaire.

And before answer the questionnaire. please read the introduction then do it.


t

Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Appendix / 152

The questionnaire component with 9 part as follows;

Part I the general data

Part2 the questionnaire about the attitude to the aging Development

Part 3 the questionnaire about the perception in the aging development

role

Part4 the questionnaire about the percepion in the aging information.

Part 5 the questionnaire about the educated and practiced in the

principle of religion

Pafi 6 the question about the suggestion in the aging development

PartT the questionnaire about the experience in aging development

Part 8 the questionnaire about the perception in aging expectation

Part 9 the questionnaire about the intention in aging development

Part 1 The general data

Introduction Please fill a correct data in a blank or marks the symbol (/) in front

of content.

t

t Tambon adminishate organization ..... Ampher

Phisanulok Provincial.

a

l. Age .. years (tull age)

2.Sex ( )male ( )female

3. Education level

( ) Primary school (pratom 4,6)

( ) Junior secondary school (mattayom 3)

( ) Senior secondary school (Mattayom 6 or certificate education)Copyright by Mahidol University

t

Fac. of Grad. Studies, Matridol Univ. M.Ed. @opulation Education) / 153

( ) Diploma

( ) Bachelor degree

( ) Higher the bachelor degree

) Other (specified)

4. Occupation

( ) Agriculturist ( )Employee

( ) Business and commerce ( ) Other (specified)

5. The totality income per yeax bahts

6. Status in Tambon Administrative Organization

( ) The members of Adminisfiative committee

( ) The members of Tarrbon Administive organizatroncouncil

7. The time period of the member of Tambon adminishate organization

( ) Less than I year

( )l-2years

( ) 2-3 years

( ) 3-4 years

( ) Over than 4 years

a

t

'rt


I


Part2 The attitude to develop the aging

Introduction Please checks and marks a symbol f { I in front of the data that

I

I

l. The aging was use to made the

useful for society.

2. The aging is outmoded of the

knowledge, the thought and

ability.

3. The aging is the human who has

valueless for familv and

community.

4. Nowadays There are many aging

who are poor and devoid by the

supervisor.

5. Being the aging. It will be loaded

to maintain by the family and

community.

The aging has easier to sickness

and more severity than the normal

human has.

7. Nowadays the members in aging

family have less ability to

maintain the aging.t



tIntroduction Please checks and marks a symbol ( { ) in front of the data thatshai

8. The aging should to stop working.

9. The instruction of the aging is

unbelievers.

10. The aging needed to participate

with the community.

I l. The aging is valueless because

cannot works for money.

12. The aging has yet ability to make

profit for community.

13. The aging need a appreciated from

community.

14. The aging should be replied in

social welfare from community.

15. The aging promoting and

developing is not related to social

and economic developing.

16. The promoting and developing in

aging is valueless in economic.

17. The aging is not necessary to

promote and develop in occupation

L

Q


?


Introduction Please checks and marks a symbol ( { ) in front of the data that

straight on your opinion. (cont.)

I

I

t

Attitude Stronglyagree

Agree Un sure Dis-Agree

StronglyDisagree

18. The values in appreciate and

respect to the aging should be

promoted

19. The aging should be get free health

treafrnent.

20. The past developments often not

plan to the aging by sfraightly.

21. The aging is not appropriate to

promote to exercise.

22. The promoting and developing

aging is decreased to responsibility

of their family

23. The family and community ought to

cooperate to maintain the aging.

24. Tambon Administrative

Organization ought to plan develop

and promote the aging.


t


Part 3 the perception in aging development role

;aF Introduction Please checks and marks a symbol ( { \ in front of the data that

straight on your opinion.

Role perception accept reject

1. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to manage the

health treatment and health promotion service for the aging

2. Tambon Adminishate Organization has function to publicize the

maintenance and practical the aging method to the community.

3. Tambon Adminishative Organization has function to manage the

useful education for the aging.

Tambon Administrative Organization has function to promote and

support the educational for the people prepare themselves in each

age changing.

4.

Tambon Administative Organization has function to promote and

support a public place to perform activity for exchange

information between the aging and the other.

).

Tambon Administrative Organization

religiously activity for participated

aging.

has function to support the

with population, especially

7. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to make

opportunity for the aging perform the ability in branch of

knowledge that make appreciated to them.

a


Chatchaiyakarn Suknarin Appendix/ 158

Part 3 the perception in aging development role

t Introduction Please checks and marks a symbol ( {) in front of the data that


Role perception accept reject

8. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to income

helping for the aging who can not live by self.

9. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to promote and

support the appropriate technology for the aging work.

10. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to promote and

support the extended family for the aging warm.

11. Tambon Administrative Organization has function to fighting the

respectd in the knowledge and experience of aging.

12.T"he Tambon Administrative Organization has function to promote

and support the religiously institution to publicizn the principles of

birth, aging, and dying for decrease the worried of aging.

[3. Tambon Administative Organization has function to promote and

support the social welfare as health, occupation, alive place and

relax place for the aging.

t

o


Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. @opulation Educarion) / 159

Part 4 the perception in aging information

t Introduction please checks and marks' a symbol ( {) in front of the data that

staight on your opinion.

The last month, you perceived the aging information from these sources as follows.

The source of aging information

Usually

(over 4

times)

Sometime

(1- 3 times)

l. Televisionpublicized

2. Radio publicized

3. Newspaperreading

4. Journal and periodical book reading

5. Officially document reading

6. The broadcasting tower in the village

7. The government and non-govemment officer

e

t



Part 5 the education and practices in religious philosophy

t Infioduction please checks and marks a symbol f { I in front of the data tnat


The last month, you have performed the religion activities in frequency as follow.

Religious Activities

Usually

(over 3

times)

Some-

time

(r-2

times)

No

act

1. Go to the temple for offering and listening to drama

in holy day

2. Food offering to the priests in the morning

3. Praying before sleep

4. Help activities in the temple

5. Talk in the teaching of the Buddha with the priests

6. Read the teaching of the Buddha

7. Listening teaching of the Buddha exhibition

G

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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (Population Education) / 16l

Pal:t6 the suggestion in aging development

t- Introduction Please checks and marks a symbol f { I in front of the data that


The last years, you had a suggestion to develop the agrng on these activities in

frequency as follows.

C

I

I

Sentence Usually Sometime No

have

l. Promote and support health care serviceo as

protection, promotion, treatment and recover ability

for the aging

2. Promote and support to education management that

useful for the aging

3. Promote and support the manage the aging education

to teach in knowledge and experience that make

appreciated to them

4. Promote and support the public sector as temple,

school and health center to manage activity to

activity for exchange information between aging and

other population

5. Promote and support the religiously activity for

educated and practiced to population, especially

aging.

6. Promote and support the activity to make income for

aging alive. Copyright by Mahidol University


Part6 the suggestion in aging development (cont.)

Appendix / 162

tSentence Usually Sometime No

have

7. Promote and support aging to working for enough

and equal income

8. Promote and support the appropriate technology for

aging labor- saving.

9. Promote and support the extended family for make

warmly for aging.

10. Promote and support to nght and establish in


11. Promoted and support to recover cuter and tradition

that relate to respect aging and parent, as Songkran

day or in the mother day ect.

12. Promote and support the social welfare as health,

occupation, alive place and relax place for aging

C

t



PartT the experience in aging development

t Introduction Please checks and marks a symbol < { I in front of the data that


In the last, you have an experience in develop the aging on these activities in

frequency as follow.

G

f

r

Sentence usually Sometime No have

1. Promote and support health care service, as

protection, promotion, teafinent and recover

ability for aging

2. Promote and support to education

management that useful for aging

3. Promote and support to manage for aging to

teach in knowledge and experience that make

appreciated to them

4. Promote and support the public sector as

temple, school and health center to manage

activrty to activity for exchange information

between aging and other population

5. Promote and support the religiously activity

for educated and practiced to population,

especially aging.



ParJT the experience in aging development (cont.)

Appendix / 164

ISentence usually Sometime No have

6. Promote and support the activity to mat<"

income for aging alive.

7. Promote and support aging to workingJor

enough and equal income

8. Promote and support the appropriate

technology for aging labor- saving.

9. Promote and support the extended family for

make warmly for aging.

10. Promote and support to fight and establish in


11. Promoted and support to recover cuter and

tradition that relate to respect agrng and

parent, as Songkran day or in the mother day

,etc.

12. Promote and support the social welfare as

health, occupation, alive place and rela< place

for aging

I

*Copyright by Mahidol University

I

Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. @opulation Education) / 165

Part 8 the perception in aging expectation

t rntuoduction Please checks and marks a symbol C{ >iHfront of the data that straight

on your opinion.

How the aging expected to these activities development ?

Agrng expectation High Middle Low

1. Expect to get especially teannent social-ffimanagement more than other people

2. Expect to get promoted and recovered healthGas

exercise activity, educated in right practice.

3. Expect to educated in several knowledge for develop

themselves

4. Expect to the member in family perceive in <tesire of

aging

5. Expect opportunity to perform an atitity

appreciate form social.

for

6. Expect to promoted and supported in opportunity to

work in occupation.

7. Expect to take an ability for useful to thernselves

family and community

t


t

Chatchaiyakarn SuknaxinAppendix / 166

Part 8 the perception in aging expectation (cont.)

Introduction Please check and mark a symbol f { > n front of the data

that staight on your opinion.

The aging has expected to these activities development, in frequency?

#

t

-ri

Agng expectation High MiddIe Low

8. Expect to promoted and supported an adequate

income for survive.

9. Expect to family and communities make activity that

reveal respected and gratefulness to aging.

10. Expect to family and communities take an activity,

that promote a relaxation as a place to relax and

several activity for relan.

11. Expect to take activity for aging to teach a

knowledge as right art, fiadition and cultural.

12. Expect take a social welfare as heatnent, procure an

occupation, lodging, relaxation place and other

appropriate relaxation


I

Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. (population Educat ion) / 167

Part 9 the intention in aging development

rntroduction please check and mark a symbol t { > nfront of the data

that snaight on your opinion.

You have intent to develop the aging in these activities at the level as

follows;

t

I

Sentence Themost

most Unsure Little Theleast

l. Support the aging to g-f tee a

health teatment

z. uupport to publicize the maintain

and practiced to aging method to their

family.

3. Support the health organization to

take an specialist aging clinic

4. Supportting the education

management to the aging for leam

about curing and protection in their

health

5. Support to take educated to aging in

about the caring infant for participated

with family

{



Part 9 the intention in aging development (cont.)

Appendix / 168

t

t Introduction Please check and mark a symbol ( {'l infront of the data

that sfiaight on yow opinion.

You have intent to develop the aging in these activities at the level as follows;

Sentence Themost

most Unsure Little TheIeast

6. Support the aging to meeting and

exchange information

7. Promote and support the aging to

publicize in knowledge and

experience to the other.

8.To take the fun for support the aging

9. Support the aging grouping to take

activity for increase income to the

aging

10. Take ttre tadition and cultual

activity that relate to respect and

gratefulness to aging

I l.Take activity that make

opportunity for aging to teaching the

right culnnal and tradition knowledge

t


I

Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. M.Ed. @opulation Education) / 169

Part 9 the intention in aging development (cont.)

Introduction Please check and mark a symbol ( { ) in front of the data

that straight on your opinion.

You have intent to develop the aging in these activities at the level as follows;

t

t

Sentence Themost

most Unsure Little Theleast

12. Takes the several welfare as

healthcare, procure home, occupation,

the lodge and rela:< place for aging

-'lCopyright by Mahidol University


NAME

DATE OF BIRTH

PLACE OF BIRTH

INSTITUTIONS ATTENDED

POSITION & OFFICE

BIOGRAPI{Y


3 May 1968

Phitsanulok. Thailand

Biography / 170

Sukhothai Thammathir ach, 1993 -1995

Bachelor of Health Science.

Mahidol University, 199 6-2001

Master of Education (Population

Education)

Present, Health policy and planning,

Level 5

Phitsanulok Provincial Health office.

Tel.055-252052


Copyright by Mahidol Universitymulinet11.li.mahidol.ac.th/e-thesis/scan/3936195.pdfFac. of...

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