Contract Cheating - Striving For Integrity - Workshop Presented at Curtin University, Australia, 12...
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1 #contractcheating CONTRACT CHEATING STRIVING FOR INTEGRITY Workshop Presented by Dr. Thomas Lancaster at Curtin University on Wednesday 12 October 2016 http:// thomaslancaster.co.uk @DrLancaster
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Transcript of Contract Cheating - Striving For Integrity - Workshop Presented at Curtin University, Australia, 12...
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CONTRACT CHEATINGSTRIVING FOR INTEGRITY
Workshop Presented by Dr. Thomas Lancasterat Curtin Universityon Wednesday 12 October 2016
http://thomaslancaster.co.uk@DrLancaster
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My Research Background
Computer Science lecturer by trade, multidisciplinary through experienceAssociate Head of School specialising in marketing and student recruitment at Coventry University, United KingdomAdvocate for improving the student teaching and learning experienceHave developed research into student plagiarism and academic integrity since 2000
Presented the first research work referring to contract cheating in 2006Current research is focused on the marketing and promotional activities behind contract cheating services
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References For My Main Contract Cheating Publications
Lancaster, T. and Clarke, R. (2015). Contract Cheating – The Outsourcing Of Assessed Student Work, in Handbook of Academic Integrity, Bretag, T. (editor): SpringerReference.Lancaster, T. and Clarke, R. (2015). The Implications of Plagiarism and Contract Cheating for the Assessment of Database Modules. 13th International Workshop on Teaching, Learning and
Assessment of Databases (TLAD 2015), Birmingham, UK, July 2015.Hersey, C. and Lancaster, T. (2015). The Online Industry of Paper Mills, Contract Cheating Services, and Auction Sites, Clute Institute International Education Conference, London, June 2015.Lancaster, T. and Clarke, R. (2014). An Observational Analysis Of The Range And Extent Of Contract Cheating From Online Courses Found On Agency Websites ; 8th International
Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS 2014), Birmingham City University, UK, July 2014.Lancaster, T. and Clarke, R. (2014). An Initial Analysis Of The Contextual Information Available Within Auction Posts On Contract Cheating Agency Websites, 28th IEEE International
Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, University of Victoria, May 2014Lancaster, T. and Clarke, R. (2014). Using Turnitin As A Tool For Attribution In Cases Of Contract Cheating; 3rd Annual Higher Education Academy Conference in Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, April 2014.Clarke, R. and Lancaster, T. (2013). Commercial Aspects Of Contract Cheating; 8th Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, University of Kent,
Canterbury, UK, July 2013.Lancaster, T and Clarke, R (2012). Dealing With Contract Cheating: A Question Of Attribution; 1st Annual Higher Education Academy Conference in Science, Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics, Imperial College, London, April 2012.Lancaster, T and Clarke, R (2010). Staff-Led Individualised Assessment – A Case Study; 11th Annual Higher Education Academy Conference in Information and Computer Sciences, Durham
University, August 2010.Lancaster, T and Clarke, R (2008). How to Succeed at Cheating Without Really Trying: Five Top Tips for Successful Cheating; 9th Annual Higher Education Academy Conference in
Information and Computer Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, August 2008.Clarke, R, and Lancaster, T (2007). Establishing a Systematic Six-Stage Process for Detecting Contract Cheating; The Second International Conference on Pervasive Computing and
Applications, Birmingham City University, July 2007. Lancaster, T and Clarke, R (2007). Assessing Contract Cheating Through Auction Sites – A Computing Perspective; 8th Annual Higher Education Academy Conference in Information and
Computer Sciences, University of Southampton, August 2007.Lancaster, T and Clarke, R (2007). The Phenomena of Contract Cheating, in Student Plagiarism in an Online World: Problems and solutions, Roberts, T. S. (editor), Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA:
Idea Group Inc.Clarke, R and Lancaster, T (2006). Eliminating The Successor To Plagiarism? Identifying The Usage Of Contract Cheating Sites; 2nd Plagiarism: Prevention, Practice and Policy Conference
2006 - Newcastle, UK, June 2006.
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http://www.slideshare.net/ThomasLancaster
A selection of the slides on contract cheating and plagiarism available on my SlideShare account
(the slides from today’s workshop are also available on SlideShare)
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Many Opportunities For Your Involvement
Twitter Please tweet thoughts, observations, comments, quotes, photos, discussion topics#contractcheating@DrLancaster
Live Please join in the discussion, ask questions and contribute stories
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With Acknowledgement To “Detective Bob”
Robert Clarke
My associate in the contract cheating research field since our first publication together (in 2006)Former Principal Lecturer at Birmingham City University with over 30 years higher education teachingWorks tirelessly in his free time aiming to alert academics when requests for their assignments are found onlineBob has collected over 30,000 attempts made by students wanting to outsource their assessed work since 2005 (and he has stopped several million dollars of cheating taking place)
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Audience Question
What would you like to know about contract cheating?
Which of the issues relating to contract cheating are of the most concern to you?
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Areas For Consideration
What type of behaviours constitute contract cheating and how are these observed?What types of assignments and subject areas are most associated with contract cheating?What does the research into contract cheating tell us?What opportunities are there for us to reduce or eliminate contract cheating?
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A (General) Description of Contract Cheating Is…
A student uses a third party to create their academic work for them - or the
student attempts to involve a third party in the creation of academic work
This is not a formal definition – just an attemptto capture the feel of contract cheating
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Contract Cheating Example #1
A student buys an original “essay” through an online essay mill – and
then submits the essay for academic credit
The word “essay” is used in a sense that also capturesother types of assessment
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Contract Cheating Example #2
A student buys an original essay through an online essay mill – but
does not submit the purchased essay
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Contract Cheating Example #3
A student starts work on their finance assignment, but has trouble with the
mathematics. The student’s sister helps out by completing the mathematics
section of the assignment.
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Contract Cheating Example #4
A student pays a friend (from another university) to sit an examination on their
behalf
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Contract Cheating Example #5
A student posts details of an assignment on an online auction site for freelancers.
On the site, the freelancers bid to complete the assessed work on behalf of
the student.
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Contract Cheating Can Be Habitual
Our first study (2006) found that the “average” student using RentACoder.com had already posted between 4 and 7 assignments online at the time we did the study
(RentACoder has since been merged into Freelancer)
Clarke, R and Lancaster, T (2006). Eliminating The Successor To Plagiarism? Identifying The Usage Of Contract Cheating Sites; 2nd Plagiarism: Prevention, Practice and Policy Conference 2006 - Newcastle, UK, June 2006.
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MyMaster – Targeted Contract Cheating Site
Headline Figures
700 receipts1000 assignments$160,000 AUD of business
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https://twitter.com/workmanalice
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“Channel 4 Dispatches investigated the multi-million pound industry where university students pay companies to write their coursework.
Dr Thomas Lancaster, Britain’s leading expert on academic cheating says: ‘The vast majority of students of course are completely honest but I’ve seen estimates of £200 million a year going through these [essay writing] sites.’”
Channel 4 (UK) Dispatcheshttp://www.channel4.com/info/press/news/dispatches-investigation-reveals-extent-of-student-plagiarism
$340 Million AUD of Business?
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Australian TV Sting Operation
Four Corners – 21 April 2015
http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/stories/2015/04/20/4217741.htm
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US TV Sting Operation (Orlando, Florida)
http://www.clickorlando.com/news/local-6-confronts-man-helping-students-cheat-for-cash/25825182
Writer found on Classified site (May 2014)
Writes around 40 essays per month, earns $1000 USD ($1300 AUD) per month
Hired by both students and their parents
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Classifieds In Perth - Essay Help?
Where does help end and contract cheating begin?
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Classifieds In Perth - English Help?
How trustworthy are the results from students using these services?
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One of many examples of offline advertising of contract cheating services
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The increased visibility of contract cheating
opportunities for students has become a major problem
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Activity
What kind of assessments are most at risk of contract cheating?From your own experience, identify:Examples of ‘bad’ assessmentsExamples of ‘good’ assessments
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EssayBay Study Of 627 Assignment Requests
R European Langs, Lit & relatedP Mass Comms and Documentation
W Creative Arts & DesignF Physical Sciences
K Architecture,Build & PlanH Engineering
M LawG Mathematical & Comp Sci
Q Linguistics, Classics & relatedC Biological Sciences
X EducationB Subjects allied to Medicine
V Hist & Philosophical studiesL Social Studies
N Business & Admin studies
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Lancaster, T. and Clarke, R. (2012), Dealing with Contract Cheating: A Question of Attribution, 1st HEA STEM Conference April 2012, London, United Kingdom
(EssayBay is no longer operational)
Sample of 627 “all subject” cases collected on EssayBay over 5 months in 2010, and manually put into the categories used by UCAS in the UK
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University Level Work Seen In An Essay Mill That Uses Writers From The United
States
Personal Communication From A Writer For An Essay Mill(Used With Permission)
1 Business=2 Health (including nursing and psychology)=2 IT4 History5 Anthropology6 Sociology7 English language and literature8 Law(first three subjects - in red - said to dominate the requests)
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Work Available In A Major Essay Mill
Uvocorp – a ready-made production service used by many web sites that take essay writing orders
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Services Advertised By An Essay Mill
https://domypapers.com
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Computer Communication
It is a network programming assignment which must be written in simple/basic standard C programming language since it's an undergrad
The objective of this network programming assignment is to develop two complementary programs, a client and a server, that implement the TELNET Protocol (RFC 854).
Paid $99 AUD
“Bread and butter” Freelancer computing
assignment
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Introduction to Curriculum
Essay on Austrlian CurriculumWrite an essay of up to 2000 words in length that analyses the development and structure of the current Australian Curriculum by drawing on curriculum development in Australia, features of curriculum models and the needs of diverse learners in the 21st Century. Compare the current Australian Curriculum to local (state) and international models of primary curriculum.
Paid $65 USD
A future primary school teacher?
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Inquiry For Professional Practice
Word Count: 1500 wordsThe purpose of this assignment task is to identify the principles of professional nursing practice, outline the ethical and legal frameworks for professional practice and apply the Ethical Decision Making Framework to a complex scenario to establish an ethically and legally sound decision. Remember to incorporate evidenced-based practice in relation to quality patient care.
Paid $90 AUD 44 bidders
An ethical approach to
nursing?
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Business Law
Business Law 4 steps case study3500+ wordsReferencing Style: Chicago referencing stylePart A - Four step processThe case study which students are required to resolve using the four step process is set out below. Students are required to apply the relevant legal concepts and principles to analyse and solve the legal issues arising in the case study by explaining and applying their knowledge of the legal principles and rules arising in Australian legal system: topic four to five inclusive.
Paid $79 AUD
Universal language of business?
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Finance ( Instruments and Markets)
You, as financial consultant are requested by the Board to provide them with the following information before a final decision will be made regarding the use of corporate bonds by the company:a. The types of securities that can be issued into the corporate bond market and the attributes of these securities;b. Reasons why debt raising from the bond market may be beneficial to the company;c. The main providers of such funds; andd. Requirements of fund providers in the corporate bond market.
Universal language of business?
(again)
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Project Management
This is a undergrad assignment but its very complex assignment. Also, this is a group assignment so it will take time to review and make changes because I have to discuss to my group membersYour job is to:Develop a project plan that will facilitate the implementation of the IT Systems required by the new Perth Stadium. which will need to include the following sections:1. Project Charter;2. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS);3. WBS in MSProject / a-Time Allocation, b-Resource Allocation, c-Cost Calculation;4. Quality Plan;5. Team structure and policies documentation6. Risk plan
Cheating within a group setting
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Sustainable Architecture
I have my essay already by some writer and I want it to be rewrite again with my standardAll the file that u need already in my post, including 2 article need to be use (PDF), the old essay and the info for these article.My standard is here:* Same topic with my old essay, DON'T change the topic (sustainable Architecture is important)* Must include Chicago in-text references to at least 8 written academic texts.* At least 2 of these academic texts must be scholarly journal articles accessed via a ___ library full-text database.* Must Use those two articles that I find in ___ database.( In the attachment file that I post )* Including introduction at the beginning and conclusion at the end* 2000 words
Paid$53 AUD
Rewrite an essay
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Criteria Audit
You are to develop and submit the first part of your criteria audit report.First, you need to select your audit topic. You can elect to do your criteria audit on either:a. Cholecystectomy criteria audit: using the records provided on Blackboard and applying the criteria provided in Assessments on Blackboard, audit the records to establish how well the hospital is adhering to the guidelines for cholecystectomies set by the Royal Australian College of Surgeons.b. Health record audit: if you select this topic you will need to undertake the audit using real hospital paper health records and will be responsible for contacting the hospital
Paid $80 AUD
Future surgeon?
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Requested by Vipin85Gupta – a known third party subcontractor
Operating Systems
Small C Task on Operating systemThe objective of this programming assignment is to give you some experiences using POSIXPthreads library functions for thread creations and synchronizations. You will learn how to create threads, synchronize then1, and solve the critical section problems using pthread_create(), pthread_mutex_lock(), pthread_mutex_unlock(), pthread_cond_wait(), pthread_cond_signal(), and other functions for simulating a simple printer spooler.
Paid $45 USD
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Observed Requests On Freelance Sites
Completing ‘pre-interview’ on-line aptitude tests for a candidateCreating fake letters from an employer to support a student projectMaking up reflective entries for a Personal Development ProfileAltering marks on an academic transcriptProducing fake certificates for completed courses
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(and even those assignment requests that can be seen are often not attributable)
Most assignment requests are not put on outsourcing
sites like Freelancer, so they’re never seen by a
contract cheating detective
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Activity
In a small group, discuss the assigned scenarioReport back with a short summary of the issues raised (and the possible solutions)
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THE POLICIES OF ASSESSMENT
Run submitted student work through Turnitin – it may provide indications of contract cheatingExamine work for signs suggesting a different authorCreate and (search for) traceable assessments
Set original assessment tasksRequire staff to reflect on how well assessment reduces cheatingUse elements of unseen assessmentEngage students throughout the assessment process
Det
ectio
nP
revention
Use the prospect of detection as a method of prevention
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WA Forum On Contract Cheating
Thursday October 13, 2016 Curtin University
https://registrar.curtin.edu.au/events.cfm
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International Day of Action Against Contract Cheating
October 19, 2016
http://contractcheating.weebly.com
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Work With Me(Speaking, PhD Supervision,
Col laborations)
Contact Details
Email: [email protected]: http://thomaslancaster.co.ukBlog: http://thomaslancaster.co.uk/blogLinkedIn: https://uk.linkedin.com/in/thomaslancaster Twitter: @DrLancaster
General Resources:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_cheatinghttp://contractcheating.com
Contract Cheating Special Interest Group(originally supported by the Higher Education Academy):https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A0=CONTRACTCHEATING
Slides available at http://www.slideshare.net/ThomasLancaster
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Continuing The Contract Cheating Discussion
Why do we find contract cheating for
some academic subjects and not
others?
How can we work with students to promote a
culture that encourages academic
integrity?
What needs to be done to make sure
that we are assessing the ability of the
students registered on courses?
How can we adapt academic processes
to ensure that contract cheating cases are
always taken forward?
Is it possible to systematically detect contract cheating?
How can we find funding and use this effectively to explore
the issues surrounding contract
cheating?
