CONNECTIVE TISSUE

AAYUSHI VASANIROLL NO.: 16

B.PHARM 1st YEAR

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DEFINITION:

Most abundant and widely distributed tissue

Binds together, supports and strengthens other

body tissues

Is the major transport system within the body

Main site of stored energy reserves and immune

responses

CHARACTERISTICS

Cells widely spaced Predominantly intercellular material (matrix) Development – mesoderm, neural crest

(head region) Blood vessels – few supply Classification – based on matrix, cells, fibres

Components

Cells Matrix

Ground substance FIBERS

COMPOSITION: CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Composition

Components

Cells

Fixed

Fibroblasts

Adipocytes

Persistent mesenchymal

cells

Wandering

Macrophage

Mast cells

Plasma cells

Pigment cells

Eosinophil

Neutrophil

Matrix

Ground substance

Proteoglycans GAG /MPS

SO4

Non SO4

Fibers

Collagen

Elastic

Reticular

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

CELLS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Cell

Fibroblast Adipocyte Macrophage

Features Secrete matrix, numerous Lipocytes / fat cells Histiocytes, nomadic

Shape Spindle / fusiform with irregular surface

Oval, round or polygonal

Irregular with filopodia

Size Avg 50 um 15-20 um

Nucleus Large, central , open faced At one side Small indented, kidney shaped

Cytoplasm Markedly basophilic (rER) Peripheral ring of cytoplasm, fat globules, signet ring appearance

Cytogranuales & vacuoles, stains deeply

Function Secrete EC matrix Formation & storage of fat

Phagocytic

Site Abundant during healing in all CT

Many together forms giant cells

Special stain

Frozen section, Sudan III-> red, Osmic acid -> black, Sudan black -> black

Cell Mast cell Plasma cell Pigment cell

Features Formed by B lymphocytes Chromatophores

Shape Round or oval Round or oval irregular

Size 12 um Upto 15 um

Nucleus Central, small Spherical & eccentric; cartwheel appearance, clock face

Cytoplasm Cyto-granuales, basophilic

Basophilic, rich in rER

Function Secrete histamine, heparin

Store Ab in cyto-granuales; russel’s bodies

Contain pigment - melanin

Site Inflammation, allergy, hypersensitivity

skin

Special stain For granules: toluidine blue, Methylene blue, alcian blue

FIBRES

COLLAGEN ELASTIC RETICULAR

Collagen

Collagen Strong resist pulling forces Allow tissue flexibility Often occur in bundle They consist of protein collagen Represents 25% of total protein Found in bone, cartilage, tendons and

ligaments

Elastic fibers

Elastic Fibers: Small in diameter then collagen fiber They contain protein elastin which

allows them to stretch up to 150% of their relaxed strength

They have ability to return to their original shape having a property called elasticity

Eg. Skin, blood vessel walls and lung tissue et cetra

Reticular fibers

Reticulate fibers Consist of collagen arranged as fine

branching inter woven fiber that provide support in the wall of blood vessels and form a network around the cell and tissues such is areolar connective tissues

Provide support and strength They stroma or covering of many soft

organs such as spleen

GROUND SUBS

Amorphous, transparent, semi-fluid gel Proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid (GAG), water

Proteoglycans: chondroitin SO4, chondroitin 6

SO4, dermatan SO4, heparan SO4, heparin SO4,

keratan SO4

Connective tissue

Adult

Ordinary

Loose

Areolar

Adipose

Reticular

Dense

Regular

Tendon

Ligament

Aponeurosis

Irregular

Subcutaneous tissue

Specialized

Blood

Cartilage

Bone

Fetal

AREOLAR TISSUE

AREOLAR TISSUE Widely distributed connective tissue It contains cell fibroblast, macrophages,

plasma cells, mast cells and adipocytes Fibers are arranged randomly

throughout the tissue Contains subcutaneous layer under the

skin Functions: Strength elasticity and

support

ADIPOSE TISSUE

ADIPOSE TISSUE Contains adipocytes (Adipo = Fat) Specialized for storage of fats Nucleus is pushed into a thin ring

around the periphery of the cell Good insulator, hence reduces heat loss

through skin Supports and protects

TENDONS

TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS Fall under dense regular connected

tissue The collagen fibers are arranged in

parallel pattern providing great strength Fibroblast in rows between fiber bundles They are silvery white and tough

somewhat pliable

ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUES

Elastic connective tissue Fibroblast are present in the space

between the fibers It is quite strong and can recoil to its

original shape after being stretched Important for normal functioning of

lungs, elastic arteries. Function : Allow stretching of various

organs

CARTILAGE

Cartilages They contain condrocytes differently

arranged on all three cartilage Hyaline cartilage is the most abundant

cartilage in the body Fibrocartilage combines strength and

rigidity and is strongest of the three Elastic cartilage is for the flexible movement They are found in joints, intervertebral disc

and nose

BONES

BONES Supports soft tissues, protects delicate

organs and works with skeleton muscle to generate moment

They store calcium and phosphorous Produce RBC Storage site for triglycerides Consist of osteocytes extra cellular

matrix

BLOOD AND LYMPHS

BLOOD AND LYMPHS Contain extra cellular matrix for blood

plasma Formed elements called RBC, WBC, and

plateletes Functions: Transport oxygen, provide

immunity and helping blood clotting Lymphs circulate body fluids transports lipids

and defense against pathogens It consist of several type of cells in clear

liquid extra cellular matrix

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