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Platform for Agricultural Risk Management Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods Connecting the dots: the holistic approach to ARM as a way to contribute to the SDGs eff orts Working Paper Working Paper #4 March 2018
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Platform for Agricultural Risk ManagementManaging risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods
Connecting the dots: the holistic approach to ARM as a way to contribute to the SDGs eff orts
Working Paper
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
Via Paolo di Dono 44 - 00142 Rome (Italy)
[email protected] www.p4arm.org @parminfo
ContactsPARM Secretariat
Working Paper #4March 2018
Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’livelihoods
3/38Workshop Programme | January 2017
Plaformfor AgriculturalRisk Management
Managing risksto improve farmers’livelihoods
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Connecting the dots: the holistic approach to ARM as a way to contribute to the SDGs efforts
Working Paper
March 2018
Written by:
Gaëlle Perrin, PARM Consultant
Abstract The Platform for Agricultural Risk Management (PARM) is integrated into global political frameworks for disaster risk reduction, climate change mitigation and adaptation, development financing, and in the political framework of the G20 and G7. This paper explores its links to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and finds that it directly or indirectly contributes to several of them, in particular to SDGs 1, 2, and 13, related to poverty, hunger and climate change. Moreover, the structure and operating model of PARM, focusing on policy integration, capacity building and partnerships, as well as the holistic approach to agricultural risk management (ARM) that it promotes, are in line with the objectives to conduct better coordinated actions for sustainable development across the world – connecting the dots for better investment for the future.
Platform for Agricultural Risk Management Managing risks to improve farmers' livelihoods
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1. Introduction The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by the 193 member states of the United Nations in 2015 as the successors of the Millennium Development Goals (2000-2015), hold an ambitious promise: “Transforming ourWorld” by 2030 . With 17 thematic goals and 169 related targets, this roadmap for sustainable development aims at guiding investments and ensuring that no-one is left behind in the pursuit of development. The broad range of objectives, from poverty eradication to clean energy, life below water and justice, and the ambitious targets to be reached in 15 years translates into the need for the mobilization of a wide variety of stakeholders from the public and private sectors. International and national actors form all over the world need to work together to achieve the universal promise of a sustainable development for people and the planet. The Platform for Agricultural Risk Management (PARM), an outcome of the G8 and G20 discussions on food security and agricultural growth, has the global mandate to contribute to sustainable agricultural growth, boost rural investment, reduce food insecurity, and improve resilience to climate and market shocks of rural households through a better management of risks. As such, it is active at the global level, but also engaged with 8 Sub-Saharan African countries, to enable the integration of Agricultural Risk Management (ARM) into policy planning and investment in the agricultural sector, enhance national stakeholders’ awareness and capacities to manage agricultural risks, develop methodologies for risk analysis, generate and share knowledge on ARM. What are the links between this initiative and the sustainable development goals? How can PARM contribute to the achievement of the SDGs? Can the SDG strengthen ARM across the world? PARM, a global initiative in line with the global development objectives, can contribute substantially to achieving the SDGs, in particular SDGs 1, 2, 13 and 17. In addition, the approach promoted by PARM is a holistic way of thinking about agricultural risks and livelihoods that takes into account the various elements required for the sustainable development of the agricultural sector, thereby bringing coherence between interventions and bridging the gaps between objectives – connecting the dots for sustainable development.
2. PARM: a global partnership rooted in international frameworks for sustainable development
PARM is an outcome of the G7/G20 discussions on food security, created from the need to ensure food security and reduce risks related to agriculture, whether linked to prices, climate, or other risks. As such, it appeared in G20 official communications from 2012 onwards, and its development was welcomed in the 2012 Los Cabos Summit Declaration . The importance and relevance of this initiative was recently highlighted in the 2017 G7 AgriculturalMinisters’MeetingCommunique . Conceived and acting in close partnership with the New Alliance forAfrica’sDevelopment(NEPAD),PARMisalsointegrated into the priorities defined by the African Union (AU) for enhancing food security and improving the livelihoods of actors engaged in agriculture. The actions of PARM are in line with the overarching objectives that have emerged from other global development conferences held in 2015: the Third United Nations (UN) Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, in Sendai; the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, in Addis Ababa; and the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), in Paris. These three conferences, focusing respectively on preventing and reducing disaster risk, mobilizing investments for sustainable development, and keeping climate change under 1,5 or 2°C by 2100, converged towards two common themes. The first is the absolute necessity to build resilience, whether related to disasters, climate change or to be able to invest in a sustainable manner. The second element is the importance of finding new ways to finance development, increasingly engaging the private sector. PARM and ARM are central elements in achieving these two objectives: through the development and implementation of contingency plans and agricultural risks management tools for building resilience, and through the generation of more information about agricultural risks and ways to manage them for potential investors. PARM can therefore be considered as an instrument to achieve the broad development objectives defined by the international community. It can also contribute to the SDGs.
3. PARM’s contribution to the SDGs PARM activities aim to empower farmers and stakeholders along the agricultural value chains to manage their risks and develop their business. In this process, agricultural risks are identified and the responsibilities for handling different types of risksareassigned.Governments’roleinmanagingagriculturalrisksis central, both in handling directly catastrophic risks, such as natural disasters, and in providing an
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appropriate enabling environment for stakeholders to develop and access ARM tools. Through the development of appropriate policies and planning, the management of agricultural risks can contribute to several SDGs. In this section, we will focus on SDGs 1, 2 and 13, related to poverty, hunger and climate change respectively. To analyze each of thesegoalsand their link toPARM’swork, the logical framework of PARM, as approvedin 2015, serves as an objective basis for understanding the how PARM activities relate to its overarching goals. The comparison with the SDGs is done in two areas. First, the targets of each goal are seen against PARM’s goal, development objective, result and activities, which represent the different levels of action and objectives of PARM work. For each target, parts of PARM actions that can contribute to achieving said target are listed. Indicators, to measure progress on the objectives and targets, are also crucial. At this level, PARM indicators that can contribute to gathering data on SDGs indicators are also indicated, for each goal studied.
3.1 SDG 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere The first SDG guides actions which are necessary to end poverty by 2030. The biggest share of the poor live in rural areas , and though they do not all depend on agriculture for subsistence and income, investing in agriculture can directly impact a large number of rural inhabitants while stimulating local markets and economies. Agricultural risk management, in so far as it empowers farmers to plan ahead and manage their own risks, can prevent the most vulnerable among them from falling into a poverty trap, where they are not resilient enough to absorb and recover form successive shocks, and cannot save to invest in their business. In this light, target 1.5, one of the seven targets of SDG 1, is directly related to PARM activities: “By2030, build the resilience of the poor in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters”. This includes the mandate of PARM, focusing on increasing the agricultural risk management capacities and options for agricultural households. By doing so, poverty will decrease (1.1 and 1.2), and, as part of the PARM approach, the government will be empowered to put in place disaster risk reduction strategies (1.5.3) and social protection systems (1.3) to help the most vulnerable to cope with shocks. Moreover, risks represent the main barrier to credit and finance. By reducing the impact of risks, resource mobilizations from both the private and public sectors is facilitated. Concretely, PARM, in collaboration with all stakeholders along agricultural value chains, helps the government design and undertake agricultural risk assessment studies, followed by feasibility studies of tools to address the identified risks. The agricultural risks and ways to address them are then integrated into national policies for aligned investments from the public and private sectors.
3.2. SDG 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
The second SDG lays out what is needed to tackle hunger, malnutrition and achieve food security and sustainable agriculture. One of the biggest paradoxes of hunger and malnutrition is that they disproportionally affect farmers, in charge of producing the food . PARM, through its holistic approach to ARM, empowers farmers to take control of their livelihoods, by building their capacities to manage risks, and giving them access to targeted risk management tools. It also ensures that risks that cannot and should not be managed by farmers alone are transferred through market and finance-related mechanisms, or taken-up by governments through dedicated planning and schemes. By doing this, farmers can access and consume nutritious food at all times, whether they grow or purchase it. It is therefore not surprising that PARM activities can be linked to almost all targets of SDG 2, as the overall objective of PARM is sustainable agricultural growth, measured by an increase in food security indicators. Moreover, Target 2.4, which explicitly refers to food production as a system, calls for the strengthening of sustainability in production and of resilience to shocks, in line with the goals of PARM, which is that countries improve their resilience to climate and market shocks, in particular for small farmers. Target 2.C, focusing on policy or other measures to reduce price volatility, is also at the core of the PARM mandate, which was created by the G20/G7 as part of measures to reduce food price volatility in the wake of the 2008 food crisis. Policy and institutional risks, such as trade distortion measures, when identified as priority risks, are addressed by PARM activities, and the proper functioning of food market is made possible by the strengthening of information systems, one of the key aspects of PARM work. PARM also contributes directly to increasing productivity and access to resources (2.3), and to increasing investments in agricultural research, extension services and technology development in developing countries (2.A), as it undertakes feasibility studies that can guide investments towards context-specific solutions and technologies to manage agricultural risks.
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3.3 SDG 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts SDG 13 proposes key objectives to combat climate change, and more specifically to reduce its impacts and adapt to the changes that it will bring to our lives. Climate change significantly increases the uncertainty and variability of the climate, as well as the frequency of extreme events, which are key risk factors for farmers who depend from weather conditions. This is clearly reflected in the fact that PARM activities are directly related to all of SDG 13 targets. Climate risks are one of the sources of risks addressed by PARM, as part of a holistic approach to ARM. Several tools and instruments are available to take on risks related to the weather, from climate-smart agriculture to various types of weather insurance. Moreover, this SDG is particularly close to PARM’s mandate, not only because of the topic, but because of the type of interventions that are recommended and measured through the indicators. Indeed, out of the seven indicators, four are related to the integration of risk planning and capacity building on climate-related risks, which is at the heart of PARM activities. The other three indicators are linked to investment on risk management and reduction of the number affected by shocks, which are directly affected by PARM activities, as PARM provides opportunities for targeted investment through the identification of ARM tools, and the reduction of damages due to shocks thanks to effective ARM instruments.
4. Connecting the dots: the holistic approach to ARM as a way to link and reconcile SDGs efforts
BeyondPARM’scontributionstotheachievementofspecificSDGs,itspromotionofan integrated methodology and a systems-thinking approach, as well as the way that it operates, can be seen as important of PARM to the achievement of the SDGs. The holistic approach to ARM promoted and developed by PARM can be valuable as a way of thinking about agricultural livelihoods, taking into account the diversity of factors affecting agricultural production and those who depend from it. An important aspect of the PARM methodology, in particular with regards to the risk assessments, is to consider all sources of risks that can potentially affect agriculture, and to analyze the interactions between them. This approach does not favor any type of risk, does not propose any solution before a clear picture of the situation is attained, and highlights the importance of considering agricultural risk management as a system, to implement tools and strategies that do not counter-act or make the implementation of one another impossible. This type of approach can contribute to bringing more coherence to the SDGs, which have been criticized for their large number of targets and the perceived inconsistencies between them . PARM act on the global stage as a global advocacy platform for a holistic vision of agricultural risk management, through knowledge generation and dissemination, contributions to high-level events and dialogues in the agricultural/rural development community. Moreover, the very way the PARM was designed and is operating represents an example of a partnerships-centered approach that aims at facilitating synergies and linking stakeholders involved in different but complementary interventions. Indeed, the objectives of PARM are to strengthen capacities and to design better policies for agriculture to facilitate investments from the public and private sector. The alignment of this approach and the one promoted by the SDGs is clear when looking at Goal 17, which focuses on the means of implementation of the SDGs through revitalized global partnerships. Targets 17.9, 17.13, 17.14, 17.15, 17.16, 17.17, related to capacity building; policy and institutional coherence; and multi-stakeholders’ partnerships are at the heart of the mandate and action of PARM. In addition, targets related to increasing technology cooperation and transfer (17.6, 17.7, 17.8); resource mobilization (17.3) and national statistical capacities (17.19) are directly impacted by PARM activities, which promote the development of innovative technologies, the design of specific investment opportunities through risk management instruments; and the development of reliable information systems for ARM.
5.Conclusion
PARM is a global platform that was conceived to respond to issues related to food security and the sustainability of global agriculture. As such, it is completely aligned with the development frameworks that have emerged from the recent global conferences for development, and, amongst other, with the Sustainable Development Goals, and in particular with SDGs 1, 2, 13 and 17. Because of its unique structure and operating model, PARM is able to strengthen partnerships, build capacities and promote policy coherence and integrated activities to manage agricultural risks, thereby contributing to the broad development objectives laid out to transform our world by 2030. In the next years, as PARM develops and is adapted to build from the results of its first phase, it might increase its role in the design and implementation of specific tools, projects and policies related to ARM, thereby furthering its contribution to the SDGs.
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Bibliography
G20 (2012). Los Cabos Leaders Declaration.https://www.g20.org/en/g20/timeline
G7 (2017). Bergamo Agriculture Ministers’ Meeting Communiqué : Empowering Farmers, Developing Rural Areas And Enhancing Cooperation To Feed The Planet. https://www.g20.org/en/g20/timeline
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. (2011). World Disasters Report : Focus on Hunger and Malnutrition. http://www.ifrc.org/en/publications-and-reports/world-disasters-report/wdr2011/
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2009). Managing Risks in Agriculture: a Holistic Approach. http://www.oecd.org/publications/managing-risk-in-agriculture-9789264075313-en.htm PARM (2017). PARM, a Partnership for the Sustainable Development Goals Presentation, Presented at the 2017
UN Partnership Exchange Spaiser, V., Ranganathan, S., Swain, R. B., & Sumpter, D. J. (2017). The Sustainable Development Oxymoron: Quantifying and Modelling the Incompatibility of Sustainable Development Goals. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 24(6), 457-470. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13504509.2016.1235624 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (2015). Paris Agreement.
https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement World Bank. (2013). Developing Countries Need to Harness Urbanization to Achieve the MDGs: IMF- World Bank Report. http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2013/04/17/developing-countries-need-to-harness-urbanization-to-achieve-mdgs-imf-world-bank-report
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Annexes
Table 1: Targets and indicators of Sustainable Development Goal 1 and PARM goals, objectives, activities and
indicators based on its logical framework
Table 2: Targets and indicators of Sustainable Development Goal 2 and PARM goals, objectives, activities and
indicators based on its logical framework Table 3: Targets and indicators of Sustainable Development Goal 13 and PARM goals, objectives, activities and
indicators based on its logical framework
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Table 1: Targets and indicators of Sustainable Development Goal 1 and PARM goals, objectives, activities and indicators based on its logical framework
GOAL 1: END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE
SDG 1 Targets SDG 1 Indicators PARM goals, objectives or activities contributing to the target
PARM indicators
1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day
1.1.1 Proportion of population below the international poverty line, by sex, age, employment status and geographical location (urban/rural)
Goal: Sustainable agricultural growth in beneficiary LDCs, LMICs improving resilience to climate and market shocks, in particular for small farmers.
- Increase in % of food security indicators and status through the investments in agriculture sector in the LDCs, LMICs and RECs/AU. - % of targeted farmers have access to the prioritized ARM tools and techniques that improve their resilience
1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions
1.2.1 Proportion of population living below the national poverty line, by sex and age
1.2.2 Proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions
1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable
1.3.1 Proportion of population covered by social protection floors/systems, by sex, distinguishing children, unemployed persons, older persons, persons with disabilities, pregnant women, newborns, work-injury victims and the poor and the vulnerable
Development objective: Agricultural risk management (ARM) is an institutionalized component of agricultural policy in beneficiary LDCs, LMICs to move away from a culture of coping with disasters towards a smart management of risks Activity: Implement feasibility studies for specific tools
- Integration of at least two ARM tools into the national policy and/or private sector activities initiated in at least 6 of the targeted LDCs and LMICs - Two potential ARM tools assessed through feasibility studies (including Information data systems) in each targeted country by the end of PARM process
1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance
1.4.1 Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services
N/A N/A
1.4.2 Proportion of total adult population with secure tenure rights to land, with legally recognized documentation and who perceive their rights to land as secure, by sex and by type of tenure
1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters
1.5.1 Number of deaths, missing persons and persons affected by disaster per 100,000 people
Goal: Sustainable agricultural growth in beneficiary LDCs, LMICs improving resilience to climate and market shocks, in particular for small farmers.
- Increase in % of food security indicators and status through the investments in agriculture sector in the LDCs, LMICs and RECs/AU. - % of targeted farmers have access to the prioritized ARM tools and techniques that improve their resilience
1.5.2 Direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP)
1.5.3 Number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies
1.A Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions
1.A.1 Proportion of resources allocated by the government directly to poverty reduction programmes
Development objective: Agricultural risk management (ARM) is an institutionalized component of agricultural policy in beneficiary LDCs, LMICs to move away from a culture of coping with disasters towards a smart management of risks
- Integration of at least two ARM tools into the national policy and/or private sector activities initiated in at least 6 of the targeted LDCs and LMICs
1.A.2 Proportion of total government spending on essential services (education, health and social protection)
1.B Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions
1.B.1 Proportion of government recurrent and capital spending to sectors that disproportionately benefit women, the poor and vulnerable groups
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Table 2: Targets and indicators of Sustainable Development Goal 2 and PARM goals, objectives, activities and indicators based on its logical framework
GOAL 2: END HUNGER, ACHIEVE FOOD SECURITY AND IMPROVED NUTRITION AND PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
SDG 2 Targets SDG 2 Indicators PARM goals/objectives/activities contributing to the target
PARM indicators
2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round
2.1.1 Prevalence of undernourishment Goal: Sustainable agricultural growth in beneficiary LDCs, LMICs improving resilience to climate and market shocks, in particular for small farmers
- Increase in % of food security indicators and status through the investments in agriculture sector in the LDCs, LMICs and RECs/AU. - % of targeted farmers have access to the prioritized ARM tools and techniques that improve their resilience
2.1.2 Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population, based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)
2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons
2.2.1 Prevalence of stunting (height for age <-2 standard deviation from the median of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age
2.2.2 Prevalence of malnutrition (weight for height >+2 or <-2 standard deviation from the median of the WHO Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age, by type (wasting and overweight)
2.3 By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment
2.3.1 Volume of production per labour unit by classes of farming/pastoral/forestry enterprise size
Average income of small-scale food producers, by sex and indigenous status
2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality
2.4.1 Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture
2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed
2.5.1 Number of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium or long-term conservation facilities
N/A
2.5.2 Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk, not-at-risk or at unknown level of risk of extinction
N/A
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GOAL 2: END HUNGER, ACHIEVE FOOD SECURITY AND IMPROVED NUTRITION AND PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
SDG 2 Targets SDG 2 Indicators PARM goals/objectives/activities contributing to the target
PARM indicators
2.A Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries
2.A.1 The agriculture orientation index for government expenditures
Result 1: Demand for qualified ARM support from Governments and smallholders satisfied
- National strategies to integrate ARM identified by local Governments in at least six countries - Major agricultural risks (AR) identified and prioritized through risk assessment studies in at least six countries - Two potential ARM tools assessed through feasibility studies (including Information data systems) in each targeted country
2.A.2 Total official flows (official development assistance plus other official flows) to the agriculture sector
2.B Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round
2.B.1 Producer Support Estimate Development objective: ARM is an institutionalized component of agricultural policy in beneficiary LDCs, LMICs to move away from a culture of coping with disasters towards a smart management of risks
- Integration of at least two ARM tools into the national policy and/or private sector activities initiated in at least 6 of the targeted LDCs and LMICs
2.B.2 Agricultural export subsidies
2.C Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility
2.C.1 Indicator of food price anomalies
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Table 3: Targets and indicators of Sustainable Development Goal 13 and PARM goals, objectives, activities and indicators based on its logical framework
GOAL 13: TAKE URGENT ACTION TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS
SDG 13 Targets SDG 13 Indicators PARM goals, objectives or activities contributing to the target
PARM indicators
13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries
13.1.1 Number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies
Goal: Sustainable agricultural growth in beneficiary LDCs, LMICs improving resilience to climate and market shocks, in particular for small farmers
- Increase in % of food security indicators and status through the investments in agriculture sector in LDCs, LMICs and RECs/AU. - % of targeted farmers have access to the prioritized ARM tools and techniques that improve their resilience
13.1.2 Number of deaths, missing persons and persons affected by disaster per 100,000 people
13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning
13.2.1 Number of countries that have communicated the establishment or operationalization of an integrated policy/strategy/plan which increases their ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change, and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development in a manner that does not threaten food production (including a national adaptation plan, nationally determined contribution, national communication, biennial update report or other)
Development objective: Agricultural risk management (ARM) is an institutionalized component of agricultural policy in beneficiary LDCs, LMICs to move away from a culture of coping with disasters towards a smart management of risks
- Integration of at least two ARM tools into the national policy and/or private sector activities initiated in at least 6 of the targeted LDCs and LMICs
13.3 Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning
13.3.1 Number of countries that have integrated mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning into primary, secondary and tertiary curricula
Result 2 - Enhanced national stakeholders' awareness and capacities to manage Agricultural Risks (AR)
- ARM National Stakeholder committees to support and coordinate P-ARM initiatives are established and headed by Governments at the beginning of the process in at least six countries - Capacity development plan developed during the PARM inception phase in at least six countries and supervised by local Governments - Roles and responsibilities to manage AR are known by national stakeholders at the end of PARM process in the selected countries
13.3.2 Number of countries that have communicated the strengthening of institutional, systemic and individual capacity-building to implement adaptation, mitigation and technology transfer, and development actions
13.A Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible
13.A.1 Mobilized amount of United States dollars per year starting in 2020 accountable towards the $100 billion commitment
Result 1: Demand for qualified ARM support from Governments and smallholders satisfied
- National strategies to integrate ARM identified by local Governments in at least six countries - Major agricultural risks (AR) identified and prioritized through risk assessment studies in at least six countries - Two potential ARM tools assessed through feasibility studies (including Information data systems) in each targeted country
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GOAL 13: TAKE URGENT ACTION TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS
SDG 13 Targets SDG 13 Indicators PARM goals, objectives or activities contributing to the target
PARM indicators
13.B Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in least developed countries and small island developing States, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities
13.B.1 Number of least developed countries and small island developing States that are receiving specialized support, and amount of support, including finance, technology and capacity-building, for mechanisms for raising capacities for effective climate change-related planning and management, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities
- Result 2 - Enhanced national stakeholders' awareness and capacities to manage Agricultural Risks (AR) - Result 3 - Improved generation, access and sharing of knowledge and learning on holistic ARM in LDCs, LMICs and interested RECs/AU
- ARM National Stakeholder committees to support and coordinate P-ARM initiatives are established and headed by Governments at the beginning of the process in at least six countries - Capacity development plan developed during the PARM inception phase in at least six countries and supervised by local Governments - Roles and responsibilities to manage AR are known by national stakeholders at the end of PARM process in the selected countries - Number of national and regional events to which PARM make an active contribution on mainstreaming ARM holistic approach - Official initiatives taken by Governments to sensitize and mainstream ARM concepts at national and regional level in at least six countries - Number of ARM knowledge tools developed and available at national, regional and global level
NOTE
Platform for Agricultural Risk ManagementManaging risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods
Connecting the dots: the holistic approach to ARM as a way to contribute to the SDGs eff orts
Working Paper
Working Paper #3March 2018
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
Via Paolo di Dono 44 - 00142 Rome (Italy)
[email protected] www.p4arm.org @parminfo
ContactsPARM Secretariat
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