Cloning - New Providence School District Notes.pdfin vivo. Methods of Plant Cloning z Asexual...
Transcript of Cloning - New Providence School District Notes.pdfin vivo. Methods of Plant Cloning z Asexual...
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CloningCloning
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Definition of Cloning
The process of making a clone, a genetically identical copy . Cloning refers to
the procedure of isolating a defined DNA sequence and obtaining multiple copies of it
in vivo
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Methods of Plant Cloning
Asexual reproduction to plants to produce duplicates from one plant specimen
CuttingTissue CultureGraftingLayeringRamet
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Procedures of Animal Cloning• Nuclear Transfer (Adult DNA cloning) :• DNA from an egg is removed and
replaced with the DNA from a cell removed from an adult animal.
• Artificial Twinning (Embryo cloning) :• One or more cells are removed from a
fertilized embryo and encouraged to develop into one or more duplicate embryos.
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Nuclear Transfer Cloning - Steps
Unfertilized Eggs Collected from a donor, and nuclei removedFrom 2nd Animal removed a sample cell. Nuclei from sample cell is transplanted into the egg cell.Resulting cell is cultured and a few began to divide.These early embryos implanted into a surrogate mother.
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Nuclear Transfer
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Nuclear Transfer: Dolly The Sheep
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Application of Cloning Technology
• Produce many crop at short times• Relive the extinctive animals• Produce high quality domestic animals• Organ transplant• Develop drugs• Help the sterile couples• Replace the chemical reaction
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Important incident of Animal Cloning
1952 : Frog ( Artificial Twinning)1997 : Sheep (Nuclear Transfer)- Dolly1998 : Cow (Nuclear Transfer)-Elsie2002 : Cat (Nuclear Transfer)-Copy Cat2004 : Human embryo (Nuclear Transfer)2005 : Dog (Nuclear Transfer)-Heidi Ledford
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Photo of Cloning animals
Annie Copy Cat
Dolly Heidi Ledford
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Photo of Cloning animals
Idaho GemMegan and Morag
TetraXenaPromotea
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Cloning of endangered animal
Noah the Gaur, an endangered species in 2000Organization: Advanced Cell Technology, USA
Photo from Advanced Cell Technology (www.advancedcell.com)
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Cloning of endangered animal
Cloning of woolly MammothExtinct 10,000 years ago
From Mingpao 8/8/2003
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Cloning of transgenic animal
Cloning of a cow containing mad cow disease resistant geneIn Shangdong, China
From Mingpao 28/4/2006
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Concerns in animal cloning
Technology complicated Survival rate of cloned embryos lowOverweighing of calves at birth Breeders may want to keep their animal uniqueBreeders may want to create better offspring
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Health of clonesFrom Ming Pao 27-Mar-2001
• Poor development of heart, lung and immune system
• Might have genetic disorder
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Photo from MingpaoPhoto from Mingpao
Dolly gave birth to a female lamb in
1998, but Dolly later died of premature
aging in 2003.
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Company for cloning pets
Genetic Savings & Clone – established in 2000, produced the cloned cat, CC in 2001Delivered the first commercially cloned cat, Little Nicky in 2004 for US$50,000Company closed in 2006A new company BioArts International was established for cloning dogs