CHL721_HW7

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CHL721 Adv Chem Engg Thermodynamics HW #7 Due date: 13 th April, 2015 (in lecture) TB1: Modern Stat. Mech., Chandler, 1 st Ed. Q19. TB1:: Ex. 3.5, 3.6, 3.8, 3.9, 3.12, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20, 3.22 Q10. The elasticity of a rubber band can be described in terms of a 1D model of a chain made up of N (>>1) segments of length a. Each segment has just two states— a horizontal orientation and a vertical orientation. At a given tension f and temperature T, the chain length L (distance between two ends) is nx. You can assume that the joints turn freely and both states of segment are equally likely in absence of tension. Now answer the following: (i) Obtain the equation of state (EOS) for the above chain, i.e., a relation between f, T and nx. (Hint: under the action of stress, there is an energy difference between the vertical and horizontal orientation states). (ii) Under what conditions does your EOS leads to Hooke’s law? Q11. A useful way to cool He 3 is to apply pressure P at sufficiently low temperature T to a coexisting liquidsolid mixture. Describe qualitatively how this works on the basis on the following assumptions: (a) The molar volume of the liquid VL is greater than that of the solid VS at all temperatures. (b) The molar liquid entropy is given by ! = 4.6 (c) The entropy of the solid SS comes entirely from the disorder associated with the nuclear spins ± ! ! . Based on the above information, also include a a semiquantitative graph of the pT diagram of He 3 at low temepratures. (Hint: use the ClausiusClapeyron equation).

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Assignment 7

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CHL721  Adv  Chem  Engg  Thermodynamics  

HW  #7     Due  date:  13th  April,  2015  (in  lecture)  

 

TB1:  Modern  Stat.  Mech.,  Chandler,  1st  Ed.  

             Q1-­‐9.  TB1::  Ex.  3.5,  3.6,  3.8,  3.9,  3.12,  3.18,  3.19,  3.20,  3.22  

Q10.    The  elasticity  of  a  rubber  band  can  be  described  in  terms  of  a  1D  model  of  a  chain  made  up  of  N  (>>1)  segments  of  length  a.    Each  segment  has  just  two  states—  a  horizontal  orientation  and  a  vertical  orientation.  At  a  given  tension  f    and  temperature  T,  the  chain  length  L  (distance  between  two  ends)  is  nx.  You  can  assume  that  the  joints  turn  freely  and  both  states  of  segment  are  equally  likely  in  absence  of  tension.  Now  answer  the  following:  

(i) Obtain  the  equation  of  state  (EOS)  for  the  above  chain,  i.e.,  a  relation  between  f,  T  and  nx.  (Hint:  under  the  action  of  stress,  there  is  an  energy  difference  between  the  vertical  and  horizontal  orientation  states).  

(ii) Under  what  conditions  does  your  EOS  leads  to  Hooke’s  law?  

Q11.  A  useful  way  to  cool  He3  is  to  apply  pressure  P  at  sufficiently  low  temperature  T  to  a  co-­‐existing  liquid-­‐solid  mixture.  Describe  qualitatively  how  this  works  on  the  basis  on  the  following  assumptions:  

(a) The  molar  volume  of  the  liquid  VL  is  greater  than  that  of  the  solid  VS  at  all  temperatures.  

(b) The  molar  liquid  entropy  is  given  by  

𝑆! = 4.6𝑅𝑇  

(c) The  entropy  of  the  solid  SS  comes  entirely  from  the  disorder  associated  with  the  nuclear  spins   ±  !

!.  

Based  on  the  above  information,  also  include  a  a  semi-­‐quantitative  graph  of  the  p-­‐T  diagram  of  He3  at  low  temepratures.  

(Hint:  use  the  Clausius-­‐Clapeyron  equation).