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Transcript of Chemigating with Confidence Tom Hoffmann Technical Assistance Specialist Byron Fitch Chemigation...
Chemigating with Confidence
Chemigating with Confidence
Tom HoffmannTechnical Assistance Specialist
Byron FitchChemigation Compliance Specialist
Tom HoffmannTechnical Assistance Specialist
Byron FitchChemigation Compliance Specialist
Injection System CalibrationInjection System Calibration
TopicsTopics
New Training Program
Chemigation & Fertigation Guidelines
Label Interpretation
Calibration of Injection System
Questions
New Training Program
Chemigation & Fertigation Guidelines
Label Interpretation
Calibration of Injection System
Questions
New Training Program . . . and ConceptNew Training Program . . . and Concept
Chemigation RegulationsChemigation RegulationsChemigation RegulationsChemigation Regulations
Federal Label Improvement Program ( LIP ) Pesticide Regulation Notice 87-1
( Label Improvement Program for Pesticides Applied Through Irrigation Systems )
Provisions effective in April 1988
Washington State Chemigation Rule ( WAC 16-202-1001 )
Effective date: October 31, 1989
Fertigation Rule ( WAC 16-202-2001 )Effective Date: January 7, 1991
Federal Label Improvement Program ( LIP ) Pesticide Regulation Notice 87-1
( Label Improvement Program for Pesticides Applied Through Irrigation Systems )
Provisions effective in April 1988
Washington State Chemigation Rule ( WAC 16-202-1001 )
Effective date: October 31, 1989
Fertigation Rule ( WAC 16-202-2001 )Effective Date: January 7, 1991
Chemigation and FertigationChemigation and FertigationAn applicator must demonstrate that an operation will not
result in reasonably foreseeable harm to humans, surface water or ground water, or desirable plants or animals.
Safety devices and injection equipment must be installed, operated, and maintained according to manufacturer’s specifications or established industry standards.
Equipment must be operated and maintained in a manner to prevent misapplication and off-site application.
Applicator must verify that source water contamination will not occur
Alternative devices must be authorized by WSDA staff.Principal applicator is ultimately responsible.Irrigation & injection systems are deemed an apparatus.
An applicator must demonstrate that an operation will not result in reasonably foreseeable harm to humans, surface water or ground water, or desirable plants or animals.
Safety devices and injection equipment must be installed, operated, and maintained according to manufacturer’s specifications or established industry standards.
Equipment must be operated and maintained in a manner to prevent misapplication and off-site application.
Applicator must verify that source water contamination will not occur
Alternative devices must be authorized by WSDA staff.Principal applicator is ultimately responsible.Irrigation & injection systems are deemed an apparatus.
Antipollution DevicesAntipollution DevicesAntipollution DevicesAntipollution Devices
Irrigation System► Check valve► Vacuum relief valve► Low pressure drain► Inspection port
Irrigation System► Check valve► Vacuum relief valve► Low pressure drain► Inspection port
“Substituted alternative technology not otherwise specified . . . must be evaluated by the department. . . .”
WAC 16-202-1003 ( 3 ) & WAC 15-202-2003 ( 4 )
“Substituted alternative technology not otherwise specified . . . must be evaluated by the department. . . .”
WAC 16-202-1003 ( 3 ) & WAC 15-202-2003 ( 4 )
Antipollution DevicesAntipollution DevicesAntipollution DevicesAntipollution Devices
Irrigation System► Check valve► Vacuum relief valve► Low pressure drain► Inspection port
Irrigation System► Check valve► Vacuum relief valve► Low pressure drain► Inspection port
Until alternative technology is approved, devices are required.Until alternative technology is approved, devices are required.
Vacuum Relief ValveVacuum Relief Valve
Inspection PortInspection Port
Low Pressure DrainLow Pressure Drain
Check ValveCheck Valve
Antipollution Device RequirementsAntipollution Device Requirements
Antipollution DevicesAntipollution DevicesAntipollution DevicesAntipollution Devices
Irrigation System► Check valve► Vacuum relief valve► Low pressure drain► Inspection port
Irrigation System► Check valve► Vacuum relief valve► Low pressure drain► Inspection port
Injection System► Interlock► Injection Line Check valve
Injection System► Interlock► Injection Line Check valve
Minimum: 10 psi opening pressureMinimum: 10 psi opening pressure
< 15 % of systems were compliant at initial inspection.
< 15 % of systems were compliant at initial inspection.
Tank Identification Contact Name Phone Number Identifier Volume Pesticide Label
Tank Identification Contact Name Phone Number Identifier Volume Pesticide Label
State RequirementsState Requirements
Federal & State RequirementsFederal & State Requirements
Full Pesticide LabelFull Pesticide Label
ChemigationChemigation
FertigationFertigation
Farm maps to identify location and direction of
sensitive sites
Farm maps to identify location and direction of
sensitive sites
Contact InformationContact NamePhone Number
Contact InformationContact NamePhone Number
General InformationPhone numberContact nameProduct nameStart time & dateEnd time & dateHealth hazardsSymptomologyPractical treatment
General InformationPhone numberContact nameProduct nameStart time & dateEnd time & dateHealth hazardsSymptomologyPractical treatment
Reasons to Assess UniformityReasons to Assess Uniformity
Economic► Excessive product
► Additional irrigation water
► Compromised yield and quality
Environmental► Deep leaching
► Surface runoff
Regulatory
Economic► Excessive product
► Additional irrigation water
► Compromised yield and quality
Environmental► Deep leaching
► Surface runoff
Regulatory
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0 30 60 90 121 150 180 210 240 270 299 329 359
Angular Location (degrees)
Pre
ssu
re (
kPa)
En
d G
un
Sta
tus
Pressure
End gun status
On
Off
Off
On
Seasonal Application Depth vs. Field AreaSeasonal Application Depth vs. Field Area
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Percent of Field Area
Ap
pli
cati
on
Dep
th (
in)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Percent of Field Area
Ap
pli
cati
on
Dep
th (
in) CU = 90%
CU = 70%
CU = 90% CU = 70%
338
392398
390
356
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
Tu
ber
Yie
ld (
cwt)
-5 to -3 -3 to -1 -1 to 1 1 to 3 3 to 5
Irrigation Scheduling (ET) - Inches
Total Potato Yield as Influenced by the Difference Between Irrigation and Season Evaporation in Southern Idaho, 1995.
Total Potato Yield as Influenced by the Difference Between Irrigation and Season Evaporation in Southern Idaho, 1995.
Cost of InefficiencyCost of Inefficiency Swing Span
► 25 acres► Calibrate for ½ rate on
25 acres► Over apply by 10 % on
125 acres Production Cost
► Pesticide: $340 / acre► Fertilizer: $404 / acre
10 % Over application► Pesticide: $4,257► Fertilizer: $5,044
Total: $9,301
Swing Span► 25 acres► Calibrate for ½ rate on
25 acres► Over apply by 10 % on
125 acres Production Cost
► Pesticide: $340 / acre► Fertilizer: $404 / acre
10 % Over application► Pesticide: $4,257► Fertilizer: $5,044
Total: $9,301 Processing PotatoesProcessing Potatoes
Cost of InefficiencyCost of Inefficiency System with 70 % versus 90 % DUlq
Irrigation water: 28 inches► Additional water: 5 inches
Irrigation system expense► Variable cost only
Electrical, labor, repair $132.72 / acre
► Increase by $33.17 per acre or $4,146 for pivot.► No penalty charged for overage of water allotment.
System with 70 % versus 90 % DUlq
Irrigation water: 28 inches► Additional water: 5 inches
Irrigation system expense► Variable cost only
Electrical, labor, repair $132.72 / acre
► Increase by $33.17 per acre or $4,146 for pivot.► No penalty charged for overage of water allotment.
Cost of InefficiencyCost of Inefficiency
3 to 12 % variation in pumping rate from change in air temperature & solar radiation
► 5 percent on 125 pivot.► Production cost ( Acre )
Chemical: $340 Fertilizer: $404
► Additional cost $37.20 per acre $4,650 for pivot.
3 to 12 % variation in pumping rate from change in air temperature & solar radiation
► 5 percent on 125 pivot.► Production cost ( Acre )
Chemical: $340 Fertilizer: $404
► Additional cost $37.20 per acre $4,650 for pivot.
Cost of InefficiencyCost of Inefficiency
Distribution Uniformity Pump Calibration ( 5 % )
Total: $8,796
Distribution Uniformity Pump Calibration ( 5 % )
Total: $8,796
$4,650$4,650$4,146$4,146
Quiz . . .Quiz . . . Is the pesticide label a legal document ? Is the pesticide label a legal document ?
Label ProvisionsLabel Provisions
Advisory statements► Do not direct or require a user to perform
or refrain from an action. Unenforceable.
► Use words such as “suggested,” “recommended,” or “should.”
► “Treatment Guidelines: For optimum results, certain procedures should be observed. . . .”
Advisory statements► Do not direct or require a user to perform
or refrain from an action. Unenforceable.
► Use words such as “suggested,” “recommended,” or “should.”
► “Treatment Guidelines: For optimum results, certain procedures should be observed. . . .”
100 % - 145 acres100 % - 145 acres
10 % - 1.5 acres10 % - 1.5 acres
50 % - 36 acres50 % - 36 acres
75 % - 82 acres75 % - 82 acres70.6 % - 72.5 acres70.6 % - 72.5 acres
25 % - 9.1 acres25 % - 9.1 acres
80’80’ 0.5 acre0.5 acre
Catch Can TestDistribution Uniformity
DU=91.4%
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Distance (feet)
De
pth
(in
ch
es
)
Percentage of rotten tubers in relation to distance from center of pivot when cv Ranger was stored and sampled at various
times, Bruce WA, 1999.
Percentage of rotten tubers in relation to distance from center of pivot when cv Ranger was stored and sampled at various
times, Bruce WA, 1999.
y = 28.899x -1.8789
R2 = 0.86
0
5
10
15
20
25
15 18 21 24 27 31 34 37Distance from center of pivot (m)
Per
cent
rot
ted
tube
rs
93 days
50 days
30 days
8 days
Total rot
Fitted curve
Label ProvisionsLabel Provisions
Mandatory statements► Directives or commands
► Require or prohibit certain actions by user
► Binding and enforceable
► Often ( not always ) use imperative verbs: must, shall or shall not, do not, etc.
“Mechanically incorporate this product within 24 hours after application.”
Mandatory statements► Directives or commands
► Require or prohibit certain actions by user
► Binding and enforceable
► Often ( not always ) use imperative verbs: must, shall or shall not, do not, etc.
“Mechanically incorporate this product within 24 hours after application.”
Application UniformityApplication Uniformity
WAC 16-202-1003 ( 13 )“Equipment must be calibrated and maintained in a manner to prevent misapplication or off-site application. . . .”
WAC 16-202-1003 ( 13 )“Equipment must be calibrated and maintained in a manner to prevent misapplication or off-site application. . . .”
Calibration – Seven Basic StepsCalibration – Seven Basic StepsDetermine the:
1. Size of the treated area, in acres.
2. Pivot circumference, in feet.
3. Pivot travel speed, in feet per minute.
4. Product used and application rate.
5. Total amount of product required.
6. The injection rate in gallons per hour.
7. Injection pump setting.
Determine the:
1. Size of the treated area, in acres.
2. Pivot circumference, in feet.
3. Pivot travel speed, in feet per minute.
4. Product used and application rate.
5. Total amount of product required.
6. The injection rate in gallons per hour.
7. Injection pump setting.
Chemigation AssumptionsChemigation Assumptions A grower will apply Bravo WeatherStik to
manage late blight. Center pivot with drop nozzles. Pivot to last tower is 1,248 feet. Wetted radius is 1,290 feet. There is no swing span. Endgun will be disabled. Target irrigation depth is 0.25-inch water. Maximum rate selected for late blight control. DUlq is 89 percent.
A grower will apply Bravo WeatherStik to manage late blight.
Center pivot with drop nozzles. Pivot to last tower is 1,248 feet. Wetted radius is 1,290 feet. There is no swing span. Endgun will be disabled. Target irrigation depth is 0.25-inch water. Maximum rate selected for late blight control. DUlq is 89 percent.
Chemigation CalibrationChemigation Calibration
Determine size of treatment area.Determine size of treatment area.
Chemigation CalibrationChemigation Calibration
1,248 feet
Area = r2Area = r2
Field Size = 3.1416 x 1,290 feet x 1,290 feetField Size = 3.1416 x 1,290 feet x 1,290 feetField Size = 5,227,937 feet2 or 120 acresField Size = 5,227,937 feet2 or 120 acres
1,290 feet
Value for r ( Radius )► Treated area► 80% of throw distance for
outermost sprayhead / nozzle
Value for r ( Radius )► Treated area► 80% of throw distance for
outermost sprayhead / nozzle
Chemigation CalibrationChemigation Calibration
Calculate the pivot circumference.Calculate the pivot circumference.
Chemigation CalibrationChemigation Calibration
1,248 feet
C = 2rC = 2rCircumference = 2 x 1,248 feet x 3.1416Circumference = 2 x 1,248 feet x 3.1416Circumference = 7,841 feetCircumference = 7,841 feet
1,290 feet
Measured at outer most tower track
Measured at outer most tower track
Chemigation CalibrationChemigation Calibration
Product application rate.Product application rate.
Chemigation CalibrationChemigation CalibrationLabeled rate of product.
► 1.25 pints.
Labeled rate of product.► 1.25 pints.
Chemigation CalibrationChemigation CalibrationTotal amount of product required.
► 1.25 pints / acre x 120 acres = 150 fl. oz.
Total amount of product required.► 1.25 pints / acre x 120 acres = 150 fl. oz.
Gallons =150 pints gallon
field 8 pints
or 18.75 gallonsor 18.75 gallons
Chemigation CalibrationChemigation CalibrationTotal amount of product required.
► 18.75 gallons aa CarrierCarrier
Total amount of product required.► 18.75 gallons
aa CarrierCarrier
Chemigation CalibrationChemigation CalibrationTotal amount of product required.
► 18.75 gallons
aa Carrier► 15:1
Material Gallons
Bravo 18.75
Water
Total
( 14 gallons water to 1 gallon Bravo )( 14 gallons water to 1 gallon Bravo )
281.25281.25
300.00300.00
300-Gallon Batch300-Gallon Batch
Chemigation CalibrationChemigation Calibration
Set center pivot speed.► Adjust irrigation depth for DUlq = 89 %
► Adjusted Depth 0.25-inch / .89 = 0.28-inch
Settings and Application RateSettings and Application Rate
Speed, %Speed, % Feet / MinuteFeet / Minute Hours / RevHours / Rev Inch(es) / PassInch(es) / Pass
5.05.0 168.0168.0 2.532.53
7.57.5 112.0112.0 1.691.69
10.010.0 84.084.0 1.261.26
12.512.5 67.267.2 1.011.01
15.015.0 56.056.0 0.840.84
17.517.5 48.048.0 0.720.72
20.020.0 42.042.0 0.630.63
25.025.0 33.633.6 0.510.51
30.030.0 28.028.0 0.420.42
35.035.0 24.024.0 0.360.36
40.040.0 21.021.0 0.320.32
45.045.0 18.718.7 0.280.28
50.050.0 16.816.8 0.250.25
60.060.0 14.014.0 0.210.21
70.070.0 12.012.0 0.180.18
80.080.0 10.510.5 0.160.16
90.090.0 9.39.3 0.140.14
100.0100.0 15.5615.56 8.48.4 0.1260.126
Settings and Application RateSettings and Application Rate
Speed, %Speed, % Feet / MinuteFeet / Minute Hours / RevHours / Rev Inch(es) / PassInch(es) / Pass
5.05.0 168.0168.0 2.532.53
7.57.5 112.0112.0 1.691.69
10.010.0 84.084.0 1.261.26
12.512.5 67.267.2 1.011.01
15.015.0 56.056.0 0.840.84
17.517.5 48.048.0 0.720.72
20.020.0 42.042.0 0.630.63
25.025.0 33.633.6 0.510.51
30.030.0 28.028.0 0.420.42
35.035.0 24.024.0 0.360.36
40.040.0 21.021.0 0.320.32
45.045.0 6.996.99 18.718.7 0.280.28
50.050.0 16.816.8 0.250.25
60.060.0 14.014.0 0.210.21
70.070.0 12.012.0 0.180.18
80.080.0 10.510.5 0.160.16
90.090.0 9.39.3 0.140.14
100.0100.0 15.5615.56 8.48.4 0.1260.126
Chemigation CalibrationChemigation Calibration
Set center pivot speed for 0.28-inch.► Pivot timer = 45 %
Percent Timer Setting =Irrigation Depth at 100%
Irrigation Depth Desired
Settings and Application Rate
Speed, %Speed, % Feet / MinuteFeet / Minute Hours / RevHours / Rev Inch(es) / PassInch(es) / Pass
45.045.0 6.996.99 18.718.7 0.280.28
100.0100.0 15.5615.56 8.48.4 0.1260.126
Chemigation CalibrationChemigation CalibrationVerify pivot speed
► Set the desired pivot speed ( 45% ).► Run system “wet” at operating pressure.► Take start and stop measures at the same
points in the move / stop cycle.► If terrain is rolling, check speed at several
locations in rotation.► Travel speed will change during the season.
Variation in wheel track resistance due to soil surface cover, soil compaction, & track depth.
Chemigation CalibrationChemigation Calibration
Travel Speed: 67.8 feet in 10 minutesTravel Speed: 67.8 feet in 10 minutes
General Rule – Minimum of: 10 minutes 50 feet
General Rule – Minimum of: 10 minutes 50 feet
Chemigation CalibrationChemigation CalibrationRevolution SpeedRevolution Speed
Minutes / revolution =10 minutes
67.8 feet
Chemigation CalibrationChemigation CalibrationRevolution SpeedRevolution Speed
1,156.5 min. 60 min. / hour = 19.3 hours1,156.5 min. 60 min. / hour = 19.3 hours
Pivot Speed Settings and Application Rate
Speed, %Speed, % Feet / MinuteFeet / Minute Hours / RevHours / Rev Inch(es) / PassInch(es) / Pass
4040 6.226.22 21.021.0 0.320.32
45adj45adj 6.786.78 19.319.3 ??
4545 6.996.99 18.718.7 0.280.28
100100 15.5615.56 8.48.4 0.1260.126
Minutes / revolution =10 minutes 7,841 feet
67.8 feet revolution
Chemigation CalibrationChemigation CalibrationDetermine application injection rate.
►Quantity300 gallons
►Length of irrigation set19.3 hours
► Injection rate per hour
300 gallons
19.3 hoursGallons / Hour =
15.54 gallons / hour15.54 gallons / hour
Chemigation CalibrationChemigation Calibration
Determine application injection rate.► Quantity
300 gallons
► Length of irrigation set19.3 hours
► Injection rate per hour15.54 gallons
► Pump capacityRated: 30 gallons per hourActual: 27 gallons per hour
Injection Pump SettingInjection Pump Setting Injection Rate = 16.04 gallons / hour Pump capacity = 27 gallons per hour
% Setting of Pump =15.54 gallons per hour
27 gallons per hour
% Pump Setting = 58 %% Pump Setting = 58 %
% Setting of Pump =Desired Injection Rate
Pump Capacity
Factors Affecting Pump OutputFactors Affecting Pump Output
Factory-based specific drive shaft speed. Pump wear.
► Tolerances► Bypass or leakage
Pesticide formulation.► Wettable powder v. emulsifiable concentrate
Temperature► Viscosity► Thermo expansion / contraction
Factory-based specific drive shaft speed. Pump wear.
► Tolerances► Bypass or leakage
Pesticide formulation.► Wettable powder v. emulsifiable concentrate
Temperature► Viscosity► Thermo expansion / contraction
Fine Tuning CalibrationFine Tuning Calibration
Pump adjustments► 30-second time checks
► 5-minute final time check.
Pump adjustments► 30-second time checks
► 5-minute final time check.
WindAir
TemperatureApplication
RateDate Time Speed Direction Observations
Application Monitoring RecordApplication Monitoring Record
QuestionsQuestions