Chapter5_P2 - Slide 1 of 29. Nucleic Acids Chapter5_P2 - Slide 3 of 29.
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Transcript of Chapter5_P2 - Slide 1 of 29. Nucleic Acids Chapter5_P2 - Slide 3 of 29.
Chapter5_P2 - Slide 1 of 29
Nucleic Acids
Chapter5_P2 - Slide 3 of 29
Chapter5_P2 - Slide 4 of 29
Nulceotides Nucleic Acid
Nucleic Acid = Polynucleotide (polymer)
Nucleotide = monomer
Nucleotide consists of 3 parts Pentose sugar Phosphate group Nitrogenous base
Chapter5_P2 - Slide 5 of 29
Purines & Pyrimidines
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More Animations
Animation-03-01.swf (Nucleic Acids)
Chapter5_P2 - Slide 7 of 29
DNA vs. RNA
DNA RNAStrands Double Single
Sugar Deoxyribose(Lacks “O” at 2’ carbon)
Ribose
Nitrogenous Bases C, G, A, & T C, G, A, & U
Progression DNA RNA RNA Protein
Chapter5_P2 - Slide 8 of 29
Chapter5_P2 - Slide 9 of 29
Questions
What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?
How does a nucleotide differ from a nucleic acid?
How does a nucleotide differ from a nucleoside?
What are the 3 differences between DNA & RNA?
Which n-base type has 1 ring? 2-rings?
What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?
In DNA, the amount of A = ? Amount of G = ?
Lipids
Chapter5_P2 - Slide 11 of 29
Lipids are…
Diverse class of molecules
Commonality: Hydrophobic Macromolecules Will they dissolve in water?
NOT Polymers
Fats – Energy storage Phospholipids – Main component of membranes Steroids - Hormones
Cholesterol
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Chapter5_P2 - Slide 13 of 29
Fats
Constructed from Glycerol + Fatty acids
Ester linkage forms 1 fat from these parts What type of reaction forms an ester linkage?
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Chapter5_P2 - Slide 15 of 29
Types of Fats
Saturated No double bonds in the fatty acid Animal fats Linked to heart disease Solid at room temperature
Unsaturated At least 1 double bond Plant fats Called oils Liquid at room temperature
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Chapter5_P2 - Slide 17 of 29
Chapter5_P2 - Slide 18 of 29
Trans Fats
Do NOT occur naturally Only in Labs
Unsaturated fats are chemically “saturated”
Taste really good
Cardiovascular Killers
Food labels & 0% Trans fats Also called Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils
Chapter5_P2 - Slide 19 of 29
Trans fatElaidic Acid
Cis fatOleic Acid
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Nutrition FactsServing Size: 1 oz (28g)Amount per ServingCalories 160 Calories from Fat 90
% Daily ValueTotal Fat 10g 22% Saturated Fat 1.5g 7% Trans Fat 0g Cholesterol 0mg 0%Sodium 290mg 13%Total Carbohydrates 15g 5% Fiber 0g 0% Sugar 1g Other Carbohydrates 14g Protein 2g 2%
Enriched Corn Meal (Corn Meal, Ferrous Sulfate, Niacin, Thiamin Mononitrate, Riboflavin, and Folic Acid), Vegetable Oil (Contains One or More of the Following: Corn, Soybean, or Sunflower Oil), Whey, Salt, Cheddar Cheese (Cultured Milk, Salt, Enzymes), Partially Hydrogenated Soybean Oil, Maltodextrin, Disodium Phosphate, Sour Cream (Cultured Cream, Nonfat Milk), Artificial Flavor, Monosodium Glutamate, Lactic Acid, Artificial Colors (Including Yellow 6), and Citric Acid.
Chapter5_P2 - Slide 21 of 29
Questions
What is the difference between the 2 main types of fats?
What is the common feature for all lipids?
What are the 3 main types of lipids?
What are the components of a fat?
Name 3 ways that unsaturated fats differ from saturated fats?
Why are trans fats different that unsaturated fats?
Chapter5_P2 - Slide 22 of 29
Phospholipids
Similar to a fat, but only 2 fatty acids Also has a phosphate group
Hydrophilic + Hydrophobic regions
Found in Phospholipid Bilayer of membranes The dual nature of phospholipids = barrier
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Chapter5_P2 - Slide 26 of 29
Steroids
Considered lipids because they are hydrophobic!!
Consist of 4 fused rings
Cholesterol is a steroid (huh?)
Chapter5_P2 - Slide 27 of 29
Chapter5_P2 - Slide 28 of 29
Questions
Where would we find phospholipids in an organism?
Name 2 ways that phospholipids are different from fatty acids.
What major type of lipid contains cholesterol?
What is the definition (chemical structure) of a steroid?
Chapter5_P2 - Slide 29 of 29
Questions
Which macromolecules contain Nitrogen?
Which macromolecules are polymers?
Which macromolecules contain Carbon? Oxygen? Hydrogen?
Which macromolecules are used for energy production?
What is the main use of nucleic acids?